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Celestine Babayaro

Celestine Boyd Jonto Hycieth Babayaro (born 29 August 1978) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a left-back or a midfielder.

Celestine Babayaro
Babayaro in 2018
Personal information
Full name Celestine Boyd Jonto Hycieth Babayaro[1]
Date of birth (1978-08-29) 29 August 1978 (age 44)[2]
Place of birth Kaduna, Nigeria
Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)
Position(s) Left-back
Midfielder
Youth career
1994 Plateau United
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1994–1997 Anderlecht 75 (8)
1997–2005 Chelsea 132 (5)
2005–2008 Newcastle United 47 (0)
2008 LA Galaxy 0 (0)
Total 254 (13)
International career
1996–2000 Nigeria Olympic 7 (2)
1995–2004 Nigeria 27 (0)
Honours
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Babayaro spent the majority of his career playing in the Premier League, mainly for Chelsea from 1997 to 2005, and then later for Newcastle United, from 2005 to 2008. He had a brief stint at MLS club LA Galaxy, but never officially played for the club. He retired as a free agent in 2010.

Babayaro represented the Nigeria national football team from 1995 to 2004 and was part of two Olympic squads, two World Cup squads and three African Cup of Nations squads.

Club career

Early career

Born in Kaduna,[2] Babayaro began his playing career at Nigerian side Plateau United, before moving to Belgian club Anderlecht in 1994, and eventually would make a name for himself, quickly gaining first-choice status although still a teenager. Babayaro set records as the youngest player to make an appearance and to receive a red card in the UEFA Champions League. He was sent off in a match against Steaua Bucuresti in a 1–1 draw, aged 16 years and 86 days.

Chelsea

Babayaro was signed by Chelsea after being spotted by scout Lewis Durkin in April 1997. He moved for a transfer fee of £2.25 million,[3] a club record paid for a teenager at the time.[citation needed] He made his debut in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup against Slovan Bratislava,[4] but an injury sustained in the 6–1 win over rivals Tottenham Hotspur in December 1997[5] ruled him out for the rest of the season. This meant he missed their victories in the 1998 Football League Cup Final and the 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final. However, with Chelsea he went on to win the 1998 UEFA Super Cup, the FA Cup[6] and Charity Shield in 2000,[7] and reached the 2002 FA Cup Final.[8] He was also instrumental in Chelsea's run in the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League. Babayaro was sent off in extra time against Barcelona, as they bowed out of the competition at the quarter final stage.[9] He faced competition from Graeme Le Saux during his seven-year spell, but managed to play over 200 games for the club. His acrobatic celebrations with backflips were noted by the fans of the club.

On 11 January 2004, in a 4-0 victory against Leicester City, he scored the final Premier League goal of Dr Harold Shipman’s lifetime; Shipman died two days later.[10]

The steady form of Wayne Bridge saw Babayaro start only four FA Premier League matches for Chelsea in 2004–05 under new manager José Mourinho. Chelsea ended the season as Premier League champions.

Newcastle United

In January 2005, he left Chelsea to join Newcastle United on an undisclosed fee,[11] where he established himself as first-choice left-back. He scored his first and what turned out to be his only Newcastle goal in a 3–1 win over Coventry City in the FA Cup.[12]

In September 2006, Babayaro was given a three-match ban by The Football Association for slapping Liverpool striker Dirk Kuyt in the face,[13] while Liverpool took a corner. The slap was not seen by the referee Mark Halsey, but later footage showed Babayaro punch the Dutchman in the face. Babayaro accepted the allegations and apologised to Kuyt.

 
Babayaro in 2007

On 10 February 2007, after a 2–1 win over Liverpool, then-Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder revealed that just 12 hours before kick-off, Babayaro had called him saying his younger brother David had died from tuberculosis. Despite this, Babayaro insisted he would still play and put in a solid performance which earned him praise from Roeder and the fans. This fine form continued into United's 3–1 away victory against Zulte Waregem, in the UEFA Cup.[14]

Due to his many injury problems it was mutually decided, on 10 December 2007, that Babayaro should be released from his contract with immediate effect and a compensation figure was agreed.[15]

In January 2009, former Newcastle chairman Freddy Shepherd described Babayaro as a "disgrace" who "didn't pull his weight" during a televised BBC interview.[16]

Later career

On 21 January 2008, 29-year-old Babayaro came to an agreement with the LA Galaxy to join them on a three-year contract, effective immediately.[17]

With this move, the Nigerian re-joined Galaxy coach Ruud Gullit who previously brought him to Chelsea in 1997 and spent a season coaching him there. This time again, it was the recently hired Gullit who wanted Babayaro at his new club. However, it did not take long for the move to turn sour. Thinking that he had arrived at sort of an American superclub that only a year earlier gave David Beckham what was widely reported to be the $250 million contract, Babayaro was agitated by what he considered to be "shabby" accommodations – from having to fly in the economy class to sharing a hotel room on the road.[18] His lack of commitment in training and preseason games[citation needed] reflected those feelings, and he soon got on Gullit's and club president and general manager Alexi Lalas's bad side.

On 3 March, Babayaro was waived by the Galaxy after playing only 45 minutes in a preseason friendly against FC Seoul, receiving a yellow card and conceding a penalty in the process. The reason for this unexpected release was not stated explicitly by Galaxy front office. "After a period of evaluation, it was decided that it would be in the best interest of the club and the player to part ways," Lalas said in a statement. "It is unfortunate that it did not work out, but Ruud and our technical staff are hard at work putting together this team and difficult decisions have to be made."[19]

During pre-season for the 2008–09 English league season, Babayaro trained with Premier League club Portsmouth at the invitation of manager Harry Redknapp with a view to signing for the FA Cup holders.[20] On 14 August 2008, Redknapp revealed that he would not offer Babayaro a contract at Fratton Park.[21]

On 8 July 2010, Babayaro officially announced his retirement from football.[22]

International career

After being part of the victorious Nigerian team at the Under-17 World Championships in 1993, Babayaro made his international senior debut in the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995, against Uzbekistan. The following year, he was part of the Nigeria Olympic gold medal winning team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, making the tournament's all-star team. He scored in the gold medal game itself against Argentina. After getting a knee injury in December 1997 in the Premier League, Babayaro recovered just in time to make the France 98 squad. He was also Nigeria's captain at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and took part in the Korea/Japan 2002 FIFA World Cup.

Babayaro was part of Nigeria's squad for the 2004 African Nations Cup in Tunisia, but was controversially[according to whom?] sent home, alongside Yakubu and Victor Agali for indiscipline. Although never officially announcing his retirement from international football, his final appearance from the national team was against Morocco in a group stage match.

Personal life

Celestine Babayaro's brother, Emmanuel, a goalkeeper, was also part of Nigeria's 1996 Olympics gold medal-winning team.[23]

Babayaro was acquitted of indecent assault in 1999.[24] He later sued the Daily Star for a headline suggesting he had been charged with rape and won an apology and damages.[25] He was declared bankrupt in 2011.[26]

Career statistics

Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition[27][28]
Club Season League National cup[a] League cup[b] Continental Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Anderlecht 1994–95 First Division 22 0
1995–96 28 5
1996–97 25 3
Total 75 8 0 0
Chelsea 1997–98 Premier League 8 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 13 0
1998–99 28 3 5 0 3 0 7 1 1[c] 0 44 4
1999–2000 25 0 1 0 0 0 15 2 41 2
2000–01 24 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1[c] 0 28 0
2001–02 18 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 28 0
2002–03 19 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 24 1
2003–04 6 1 2 0 3 0 3 0 14 1
2004–05 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0
Total 132 5 17 0 16 0 30 3 2 0 197 8
Newcastle United 2004–05 Premier League 7 0
2005–06 28 0
2006–07 12 0
2007–08 0 0
Total 47 0 0 0
Los Angeles Galaxy 2008 Major League Soccer 0 0
Career total 254 13
  1. ^ Includes Belgian Cup, FA Cup, Open Cup
  2. ^ Includes League Cup
  3. ^ a b Appearances in Charity Shield

International

Appearances and goals by national team and year
National team Year Apps Goals
Nigeria 1995 1 0
1996 1 0
1997 4 0
1998 5 0
1999 2 0
2000 7 0
2001 2 0
2002 4 0
2003 0 0
2004 1 0
Total 27 0

Honours

Anderlecht

Chelsea

Nigeria U17

Nigeria U23

Nigeria

Individual

References

  1. ^ "No. 59669". The London Gazette. 12 January 2011. p. 383.
  2. ^ a b "Celestine Babayaro". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  3. ^ Staniforth, Tommy (22 April 1997). "Babayaro to join Bridge foreign legion". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  4. ^ "Slovan Bratislava 0 Chelsea 2 (Agg 0–4)". Sporting Life. 2 October 1997. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Tottenham's revival hopes threatened by Venglos factor". The Independent. 8 December 1997. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  6. ^ "Chelsea claim FA Cup glory". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 May 2000. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  7. ^ "Keane sees red as Chelsea triumph". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 August 2000. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  8. ^ "Arsenal lift FA Cup". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 February 2003. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  9. ^ "Chelsea's European dream shattered". BBC. 18 April 2000. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  10. ^ "Leicester v Chelsea, 2003/04 | Premier League". www.premierleague.com. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  11. ^ "Newcastle to unveil Babayaro". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 30 December 2004. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  12. ^ "Newcastle 3–1 Coventry". BBC. 29 January 2005. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  13. ^ "Babayaro hit with three-match ban". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 22 September 2006. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  14. ^ . Nufc.premiumtv.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  15. ^ "Bye Bye Babayaro". Chroniclelive.co.uk.
  16. ^ "Shepherd regrets over missed opportunity". BBC News. 28 January 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  17. ^ Idaho, Duncan (21 January 2008). "MLS Soccer News – Transfers | Trades | Signings | Rumors: Babayaro to LA Galaxy". Mlssoccernews.blogspot.com.
  18. ^ The Beckham Experiment, Grant Wahl, Three Rivers Press (paperback edition), New York, Pp.177–178
  19. ^ . Los Angeles Times. 2008. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
  20. ^ . 2008. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012.
  21. ^ "Babayaro a no go but Jordi has a chance". 2008. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012.
  22. ^ "Nigeria: Babayaro Quits Professional Football". Daily Champion (Lagos). 8 July 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  23. ^ "Migration: Der Doppelpass des Nigerianers". Spiegel.de. 14 August 2000.
  24. ^ "Footballer cleared of indecent assault". BBC News. BBC. 2 August 1999. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  25. ^ "BABAYARO WINS LIBEL CASE". Sky Sports. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  26. ^ "The Gazette: Official Public Record". 12 January 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  27. ^ Celestine Babayaro at National-Football-Teams.com
  28. ^ "Players Appearances Ba-Bd". Bounder.friardale.co.uk.
  29. ^ "African Nations Cup 2004". www.rsssf.com. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

External links

  • Celestine Babayaro at Soccerbase  

celestine, babayaro, celestine, boyd, jonto, hycieth, babayaro, born, august, 1978, nigerian, former, professional, footballer, played, left, back, midfielder, babayaro, 2018personal, informationfull, namecelestine, boyd, jonto, hycieth, babayaro, date, birth,. Celestine Boyd Jonto Hycieth Babayaro born 29 August 1978 is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a left back or a midfielder Celestine BabayaroBabayaro in 2018Personal informationFull nameCelestine Boyd Jonto Hycieth Babayaro 1 Date of birth 1978 08 29 29 August 1978 age 44 2 Place of birthKaduna NigeriaHeight1 76 m 5 ft 9 in Position s Left backMidfielderYouth career1994Plateau UnitedSenior career YearsTeamApps Gls 1994 1997Anderlecht75 8 1997 2005Chelsea132 5 2005 2008Newcastle United47 0 2008LA Galaxy0 0 Total254 13 International career1996 2000Nigeria Olympic7 2 1995 2004Nigeria27 0 Honours Representing NigeriaMen s Football1996 Atlanta Team Competition Club domestic league appearances and goalsBabayaro spent the majority of his career playing in the Premier League mainly for Chelsea from 1997 to 2005 and then later for Newcastle United from 2005 to 2008 He had a brief stint at MLS club LA Galaxy but never officially played for the club He retired as a free agent in 2010 Babayaro represented the Nigeria national football team from 1995 to 2004 and was part of two Olympic squads two World Cup squads and three African Cup of Nations squads Contents 1 Club career 1 1 Early career 1 2 Chelsea 1 3 Newcastle United 1 4 Later career 2 International career 3 Personal life 4 Career statistics 4 1 Club 4 2 International 5 Honours 6 References 7 External linksClub career EditEarly career Edit Born in Kaduna 2 Babayaro began his playing career at Nigerian side Plateau United before moving to Belgian club Anderlecht in 1994 and eventually would make a name for himself quickly gaining first choice status although still a teenager Babayaro set records as the youngest player to make an appearance and to receive a red card in the UEFA Champions League He was sent off in a match against Steaua Bucuresti in a 1 1 draw aged 16 years and 86 days Chelsea Edit Babayaro was signed by Chelsea after being spotted by scout Lewis Durkin in April 1997 He moved for a transfer fee of 2 25 million 3 a club record paid for a teenager at the time citation needed He made his debut in the UEFA Cup Winners Cup against Slovan Bratislava 4 but an injury sustained in the 6 1 win over rivals Tottenham Hotspur in December 1997 5 ruled him out for the rest of the season This meant he missed their victories in the 1998 Football League Cup Final and the 1998 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final However with Chelsea he went on to win the 1998 UEFA Super Cup the FA Cup 6 and Charity Shield in 2000 7 and reached the 2002 FA Cup Final 8 He was also instrumental in Chelsea s run in the 1999 2000 UEFA Champions League Babayaro was sent off in extra time against Barcelona as they bowed out of the competition at the quarter final stage 9 He faced competition from Graeme Le Saux during his seven year spell but managed to play over 200 games for the club His acrobatic celebrations with backflips were noted by the fans of the club On 11 January 2004 in a 4 0 victory against Leicester City he scored the final Premier League goal of Dr Harold Shipman s lifetime Shipman died two days later 10 The steady form of Wayne Bridge saw Babayaro start only four FA Premier League matches for Chelsea in 2004 05 under new manager Jose Mourinho Chelsea ended the season as Premier League champions Newcastle United Edit In January 2005 he left Chelsea to join Newcastle United on an undisclosed fee 11 where he established himself as first choice left back He scored his first and what turned out to be his only Newcastle goal in a 3 1 win over Coventry City in the FA Cup 12 In September 2006 Babayaro was given a three match ban by The Football Association for slapping Liverpool striker Dirk Kuyt in the face 13 while Liverpool took a corner The slap was not seen by the referee Mark Halsey but later footage showed Babayaro punch the Dutchman in the face Babayaro accepted the allegations and apologised to Kuyt Babayaro in 2007 On 10 February 2007 after a 2 1 win over Liverpool then Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder revealed that just 12 hours before kick off Babayaro had called him saying his younger brother David had died from tuberculosis Despite this Babayaro insisted he would still play and put in a solid performance which earned him praise from Roeder and the fans This fine form continued into United s 3 1 away victory against Zulte Waregem in the UEFA Cup 14 Due to his many injury problems it was mutually decided on 10 December 2007 that Babayaro should be released from his contract with immediate effect and a compensation figure was agreed 15 In January 2009 former Newcastle chairman Freddy Shepherd described Babayaro as a disgrace who didn t pull his weight during a televised BBC interview 16 Later career Edit On 21 January 2008 29 year old Babayaro came to an agreement with the LA Galaxy to join them on a three year contract effective immediately 17 With this move the Nigerian re joined Galaxy coach Ruud Gullit who previously brought him to Chelsea in 1997 and spent a season coaching him there This time again it was the recently hired Gullit who wanted Babayaro at his new club However it did not take long for the move to turn sour Thinking that he had arrived at sort of an American superclub that only a year earlier gave David Beckham what was widely reported to be the 250 million contract Babayaro was agitated by what he considered to be shabby accommodations from having to fly in the economy class to sharing a hotel room on the road 18 His lack of commitment in training and preseason games citation needed reflected those feelings and he soon got on Gullit s and club president and general manager Alexi Lalas s bad side On 3 March Babayaro was waived by the Galaxy after playing only 45 minutes in a preseason friendly against FC Seoul receiving a yellow card and conceding a penalty in the process The reason for this unexpected release was not stated explicitly by Galaxy front office After a period of evaluation it was decided that it would be in the best interest of the club and the player to part ways Lalas said in a statement It is unfortunate that it did not work out but Ruud and our technical staff are hard at work putting together this team and difficult decisions have to be made 19 During pre season for the 2008 09 English league season Babayaro trained with Premier League club Portsmouth at the invitation of manager Harry Redknapp with a view to signing for the FA Cup holders 20 On 14 August 2008 Redknapp revealed that he would not offer Babayaro a contract at Fratton Park 21 On 8 July 2010 Babayaro officially announced his retirement from football 22 International career EditAfter being part of the victorious Nigerian team at the Under 17 World Championships in 1993 Babayaro made his international senior debut in the Afro Asian Cup of Nations in 1995 against Uzbekistan The following year he was part of the Nigeria Olympic gold medal winning team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta making the tournament s all star team He scored in the gold medal game itself against Argentina After getting a knee injury in December 1997 in the Premier League Babayaro recovered just in time to make the France 98 squad He was also Nigeria s captain at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and took part in the Korea Japan 2002 FIFA World Cup Babayaro was part of Nigeria s squad for the 2004 African Nations Cup in Tunisia but was controversially according to whom sent home alongside Yakubu and Victor Agali for indiscipline Although never officially announcing his retirement from international football his final appearance from the national team was against Morocco in a group stage match Personal life EditCelestine Babayaro s brother Emmanuel a goalkeeper was also part of Nigeria s 1996 Olympics gold medal winning team 23 Babayaro was acquitted of indecent assault in 1999 24 He later sued the Daily Star for a headline suggesting he had been charged with rape and won an apology and damages 25 He was declared bankrupt in 2011 26 Career statistics EditClub Edit Appearances and goals by club season and competition 27 28 Club Season League National cup a League cup b Continental Other TotalDivision Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps GoalsAnderlecht 1994 95 First Division 22 0 1995 96 28 5 1996 97 25 3 Total 75 8 0 0Chelsea 1997 98 Premier League 8 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 13 01998 99 28 3 5 0 3 0 7 1 1 c 0 44 41999 2000 25 0 1 0 0 0 15 2 41 22000 01 24 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 c 0 28 02001 02 18 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 28 02002 03 19 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 24 12003 04 6 1 2 0 3 0 3 0 14 12004 05 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0Total 132 5 17 0 16 0 30 3 2 0 197 8Newcastle United 2004 05 Premier League 7 0 2005 06 28 0 2006 07 12 0 2007 08 0 0 Total 47 0 0 0Los Angeles Galaxy 2008 Major League Soccer 0 0 Career total 254 13 Includes Belgian Cup FA Cup Open Cup Includes League Cup a b Appearances in Charity Shield International Edit Appearances and goals by national team and year National team Year Apps GoalsNigeria 1995 1 01996 1 01997 4 01998 5 01999 2 02000 7 02001 2 02002 4 02003 0 02004 1 0Total 27 0Honours EditAnderlecht Belgian First Division 1994 95 Belgian Super Cup 1995Chelsea UEFA Cup Winners Cup 1997 98 UEFA Super Cup 1998 FA Cup 1999 2000 FA Charity Shield 2000Nigeria U17 FIFA U 17 World Championship 1993Nigeria U23 Olympic Gold Medal 1996Nigeria Africa Cup of Nations third place 2004 29 Individual Belgian Young Professional Footballer of the Year 1994 95 1995 96 Ebony Shoe Award 1996References Edit No 59669 The London Gazette 12 January 2011 p 383 a b Celestine Babayaro Barry Hugman s Footballers Retrieved 5 February 2019 Staniforth Tommy 22 April 1997 Babayaro to join Bridge foreign legion The Independent Independent Print Limited Retrieved 18 April 2012 Slovan Bratislava 0 Chelsea 2 Agg 0 4 Sporting Life 2 October 1997 Retrieved 1 December 2013 Tottenham s revival hopes threatened by Venglos factor The Independent 8 December 1997 Retrieved 1 December 2013 Chelsea claim FA Cup glory BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation 20 May 2000 Retrieved 18 April 2012 Keane sees red as Chelsea triumph BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 13 August 2000 Retrieved 18 April 2012 Arsenal lift FA Cup BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 16 February 2003 Retrieved 18 April 2012 Chelsea s European dream shattered BBC 18 April 2000 Retrieved 1 December 2013 Leicester v Chelsea 2003 04 Premier League www premierleague com Retrieved 22 December 2022 Newcastle to unveil Babayaro BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 30 December 2004 Retrieved 18 April 2012 Newcastle 3 1 Coventry BBC 29 January 2005 Retrieved 6 November 2009 Babayaro hit with three match ban BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 22 September 2006 Retrieved 18 April 2012 Brave Baba s secret sorrow Nufc premiumtv co uk Archived from the original on 6 April 2018 Retrieved 5 April 2018 Bye Bye Babayaro Chroniclelive co uk Shepherd regrets over missed opportunity BBC News 28 January 2009 Retrieved 28 April 2010 Idaho Duncan 21 January 2008 MLS Soccer News Transfers Trades Signings Rumors Babayaro to LA Galaxy Mlssoccernews blogspot com The Beckham Experiment Grant Wahl Three Rivers Press paperback edition New York Pp 177 178 Babayaro doesn t last with Galaxy Los Angeles Times 2008 Archived from the original on 12 March 2008 Retrieved 5 February 2008 New Season Same Hunger 2008 Archived from the original on 9 March 2012 Babayaro a no go but Jordi has a chance 2008 Archived from the original on 7 September 2012 Nigeria Babayaro Quits Professional Football Daily Champion Lagos 8 July 2010 Retrieved 14 May 2018 Migration Der Doppelpass des Nigerianers Spiegel de 14 August 2000 Footballer cleared of indecent assault BBC News BBC 2 August 1999 Retrieved 25 August 2013 BABAYARO WINS LIBEL CASE Sky Sports Retrieved 26 June 2017 The Gazette Official Public Record 12 January 2011 Retrieved 26 June 2017 Celestine Babayaro at National Football Teams com Players Appearances Ba Bd Bounder friardale co uk African Nations Cup 2004 www rsssf com Retrieved 19 February 2021 External links EditCelestine Babayaro at Soccerbase Babayaro s profile at Sports Reference com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Celestine Babayaro amp oldid 1128832447, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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