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Shehu Musa Yar'Adua

Shehu Musa Yar'Adua GCON ((listen); 5 March 1943 – 8 December 1997) was a Nigerian military officer and politician who was the de facto vice president of Nigeria as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters when Nigeria was under military rule from 1976 to 1979. He was a prominent politician during the latter transition from military to civilian rule in the late 1980s and into the 1990s.

Shehu Musa Yar'Adua
4th Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters
In office
13 February 1976 – 30 September 1979
Head of StateOlusegun Obasanjo
Preceded byOlusegun Obasanjo
Succeeded byAlex Ekwueme as 1st elected Vice President of Nigeria
Personal details
Born(1943-03-05)5 March 1943
Katsina, Northern Region, British Nigeria
(now Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria)
Died8 December 1997(1997-12-08) (aged 54)
Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
Political party
Spouses
RelationsUmaru Yar'Adua (brother)
Parent
Alma mater
Occupation
  • Politician
  • military officer
Military service
Allegiance Nigeria
Branch/service Nigerian Army
Years of service1961–1979
Rank Major general
Battles/warsNigerian Civil War

Early life

Yar'Adua was born in Katsina into a titled family. His father, Musa Yar'Adua, was a teacher who later became the Minister for Lagos Affairs from 1957 to 1966[1] during Nigeria's First Republic and held the chieftaincy title of Tafidan Katsina before he was appointed to the title of Mutawallin Katsina (keeper of the treasury).[2] Yar'Adua's grandfather, Malam Umaru, was also the Mutawalli, and his younger brother Umaru Yar'Adua, who later became the President of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010, held the title as well. His paternal grandmother, Malama Binta, a Fulani from the Sullubawa clan, was a princess of the Katsina Emirate and a sister of Emir Muhammadu Dikko.[citation needed]

Yar'Adua attended Katsina Middle School and then Katsina Provincial School (now Government College, Katsina) for his secondary education; at the provincial school, where he was classmates with current Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari.[3] At the urging of his father and his father's friend, defence minister Muhammadu Ribadu, Yar'Adua took the entrance exam of the Nigerian Military Training College.[4] He passed and was enlisted into the Nigerian Army in 1962 as part of the course 5 intake of the Nigerian military training school. Yar'Adua was selected for further training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was turbaned as the Tafidan Katsina by the Emir of Katsina Muhammadu Kabir Usman.[citation needed]

Military career

 
Name tag on the uniform of Shehu Musa Yar'adua

In 1964, after he returned from Sandhurst, Yar'Adua was posted to the first infantry battalion of the Nigerian Army in Enugu under the command of Col Adekunle Fajuyi as second lieutenant. From 1964 to the end of the Nigerian Civil War, he held various positions including platoon commander in 1964, and from 1965 to 1966 adjutant of the First Infantry Battalion in Enugu. He was a battalion commander in 1967, and in 1968 became a Brigade Commander. During the civil war, he commanded the 6th infantry brigade under the leadership of Murtala Muhammed, commander of the second division.[5] In October 1967, Yar'Adua was given the responsibility for the capture of Onitsha[6] after two (2) unsuccessful attempts by the Nigerian troops.[citation needed]

In 1975, he was an active participant in the military coup d'état that deposed General Yakubu Gowon as Nigeria's Head of State.[7] After the success of the coup, he served as Transport Minister in General Murtala Muhammed's regime. As Transport Minister his major task was to decongest the Lagos port. Prior to the coup, officials of the previous regime had ordered 16 million tonnes of cement to build military barracks around the country. However, the berthing facilities of the port were inadequate. The financial implications became more striking because the Nigerian government was liable to pay demurrage fees by the shippers. The Muhammed regime decided to transfer some of the cargoes to neighboring ports and introduce cement management firms to clear and sell the cement and build the new Tin Can Island Port.[8]

Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters

Following the 1976 Nigerian coup d'état attempt, which resulted in the assassination of Murtala Muhammed, Yar'Adua became the Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters. The new regime was a triumvirate of power consisting of General Olusegun Obasanjo as Head of State, Shehu Yar'Adua as Chief of Staff SMHQ, and General Theophilus Danjuma as Chief of Army Staff. As head of the SMHQ, Yar'Adua was the de facto second-in-command. Yar'Adua who was from the northern aristocracy was relied on heavily by the triumvirate to consolidate power in the north.[citation needed]

His office was assigned the task of managing operations of Operation Feed the Nation, a self-reliant agricultural policy of the new Obasanjo regime.[9] Operation Feed the Nation, known as OFN, was an initiative to boost local production of agricultural produce, especially staple crops such as rice and wheat, so as to improve self-sufficiency of food crops and reduce growing food deficits. Mechanisms used to promote the objective included the distribution of heavily subsidized fertilizers and seeds to farmers,[10] loans to small scale farmers to enable them to purchase equipment, and an educational outreach programme manned by Corpers to teach peasant farmers how to use modern agricultural equipment.[citation needed]

However, by 1979 the policy had not achieved its primary goal of self-reliance and self-sufficiency.[11] Yar'Adua also guided the Supreme Military Council's initiatives on local government reforms which led to the conduct of local government elections in 1976. The local government reforms excluded traditional rulers from certain governance issues and limited their control over property rights. The reforms also granted recognition to local government as a third tier arm of government.[12]

In 1979, the regime transferred power to the civilian elected government of Shehu Shagari ushering in the Second Nigerian Republic which lasted from 1979 to 1983. The triumvirate later retired from the military.[citation needed]

Political career

General Ibrahim Babangida started his political transition program in 1987 with the establishment of a Political Bureau, and a Constituent Assembly was later inaugurated to deliberate on a proposed draft constitution. Though Yar'Adua was not a member of the assembly and a law had proscribed certain old breed politicians from political activities, his associates represented his political leanings at the forum and was active in the formation of political associations during the transitional period.[13]

Yar'Adua and his group formed the People's Front of Nigeria; Members included Babagana Kingibe, Atiku Abubakar, Bola Tinubu, Magaji Abdullahi, Ango Abdullahi, Ahmadu Rufa'i, Yahaya Kwande, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Wada Abubakar, Babalola Borishade, Timothy Oguntuase Akinbode, Sabo Bakin Zuwo, Sunday Afolabi, Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso, Tony Anenih, Chuba Okadigbo and Abubakar Koko.[14]

The People's Front later merged with other groups to form the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The People's Front and PSP, became the two dominant factions within SDP. However, Yar'Adua's group was very organized and able to win the majority of the elective posts within SDP.[15] During the Governorship and House of Assembly elections, SDP had a slight numerical edge over the opposition National Republican Convention (NRC).[16]

In January 1992, Yar'Adua spent a short stint in detention, jailed for contravening a law banning certain persons from active politics. However, the law was repealed and Yar'Adua subsequently announced his presidential election. His campaign political structure covered the country; he had a national campaign directorate, and each state had its own campaign coordinator and ward mobilizers. Members of his campaign group included former PDP chairman Anthony Anenih, former Vice President Atiku Abubakar, former minister Dapo Sarumi, Bola Tinubu, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila and Sunday Afolabi. Yar'Adua was leading the SDP presidential field before results were annulled. A new election was later conducted on June 12, 1993 which was won by M.K.O. Abiola. After the June 12 elections were annulled, the Yar'Adua faction negotiated an arrangement for the inauguration of an interim government. In November 1993, the interim government of Ernest Shonekan was booted out and Sani Abacha became the new military Head of State, disbanding the political parties.[citation needed]

In 1994, Yar'Adua won a seat representing Katsina to a new National Constitutional Conference. He was an outspoken delegate and in early 1994 organized a political conference at the Nigerian Union of Journalist office in Lagos that earned the attention of the military leadership who detained him for four days.[citation needed]

Arrest and death

 
Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Centre in Abuja

In March 1995, General Yar'Adua alongside Olusegun Obasanjo, Lawan Gwadabe and others were arrested on allegations of plotting a coup to overthrow the General Sani Abacha regime. He was sentenced to death by a military tribunal in 1995, after calling on the Nigerian military government of General Sani Abacha and his Provisional Ruling Council to re-establish civilian rule. The sentence was commuted to life in prison but he died in captivity on 8 December 1997.[17]

Personal life

In 1965, Shehu Yar'adua married Hajia Binta and they have five children, including Murtala Yar'Adua, former Nigerian Minister of State for Defence.[18]

Wealth

After retiring from the military, Yar'Adua established a holding company called Hamada Holdings with several business interests in shipping, banking, publishing allowing him to amass a vast private fortune.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Bayode Ogunmupe (2011). Nigerian Politics in the Age of Yar'Adua. Strategic Insight Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 9781908064011.
  2. ^ , archived from the original on 19 July 2015, retrieved 1 August 2015
  3. ^ . The Punch. January 2015. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  4. ^ Farris, J. W, & Bomoi, M. (2004). Shehu Musa Yar'Adua: a life of service. Abuja, Nigeria: Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Foundation. p27
  5. ^ Europa Publications (2003). The International Who's Who 2004. Europa Publications. p. 1851. ISBN 9781857432176.
  6. ^ "Cheta Nwanze: Chronology of the Nigerian Civil War #Biafra". June 2014.
  7. ^ Siollun, p. 176-180.
  8. ^ Farris, p. 102-103.
  9. ^ Toyin Falola; Ann Genova (2009). Historical Dictionary of Nigeria. Scarecrow Press. p. 371. yar'adua operation feed the nation.
  10. ^ John Iliffe (2011). Obasanjo, Nigeria and the World. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9781847010278.
  11. ^ E.O. Arua. "Achieving food sufficiency in Nigeria through the operation 'feed the nation' programme". Agricultural Administration Volume 9, Issue 2, February 1982, Pages 91–101
  12. ^ A. Carl LeVan (2004). Dictators and Democracy in African Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316165263.
  13. ^ Larry Diamond, 1997, p. 173
  14. ^ Larry Diamond, 1997, p. 173
  15. ^ Marcus G. Ajibade. Shehu Musa Yar'adua: The Recurring Decimal in Contemporary Politics, p8. 1999
  16. ^ Larry Diamond; Anthony Kirk-Greene (1997). Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida. Lynne Rienner. pp. 235–237.
  17. ^ "Abacha Coup: How Obasanjo, Yar'Adua were framed -- Farida Waziri". 10 February 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  18. ^ "Mallam Murtala Yar'Adua". yaraduafoundation.org. Retrieved 30 October 2020.

Further reading

  • Shehu Musa Yar'Adua: A Life of Service (Lynne Rienner Pub., 2004). ISBN 978-8069-36-3
  • Nigeria at Fifty: Contributions to Peace, Democracy & Development (Edited by Attahiru M. Jega & Jacqueline W. Farris, 2010). ISBN 978-978-907-7823
  • Neither North nor South, East nor West: One Nigeria (Jacqueline W. Farris illustrated by Mustapha Bulama, 2011). ISBN 978-978-50349-7-4

External links

  • Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Foundation

shehu, musa, adua, gcon, listen, march, 1943, december, 1997, nigerian, military, officer, politician, facto, vice, president, nigeria, chief, staff, supreme, headquarters, when, nigeria, under, military, rule, from, 1976, 1979, prominent, politician, during, . Shehu Musa Yar Adua GCON listen 5 March 1943 8 December 1997 was a Nigerian military officer and politician who was the de facto vice president of Nigeria as Chief of Staff Supreme Headquarters when Nigeria was under military rule from 1976 to 1979 He was a prominent politician during the latter transition from military to civilian rule in the late 1980s and into the 1990s Major GeneralShehu Musa Yar AduaGCON4th Chief of Staff Supreme HeadquartersIn office 13 February 1976 30 September 1979Head of StateOlusegun ObasanjoPreceded byOlusegun ObasanjoSucceeded byAlex Ekwueme as 1st elected Vice President of NigeriaPersonal detailsBorn 1943 03 05 5 March 1943Katsina Northern Region British Nigeria now Katsina Katsina State Nigeria Died8 December 1997 1997 12 08 aged 54 Abakaliki Ebonyi NigeriaPolitical partyPeoples Front of Nigeria 1988 1989 Social Democratic Party 1989 1993 SpousesHajia Binta Yar Adua Asabe Yar AduaRelationsUmaru Yar Adua brother ParentMusa Yar Adua father Alma materNigerian Military Training College Royal Military Academy SandhurstOccupationPoliticianmilitary officerMilitary serviceAllegiance NigeriaBranch serviceNigerian ArmyYears of service1961 1979RankMajor generalBattles warsNigerian Civil War Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Chief of Staff Supreme Headquarters 4 Political career 5 Arrest and death 6 Personal life 6 1 Wealth 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life EditYar Adua was born in Katsina into a titled family His father Musa Yar Adua was a teacher who later became the Minister for Lagos Affairs from 1957 to 1966 1 during Nigeria s First Republic and held the chieftaincy title of Tafidan Katsina before he was appointed to the title of Mutawallin Katsina keeper of the treasury 2 Yar Adua s grandfather Malam Umaru was also the Mutawalli and his younger brother Umaru Yar Adua who later became the President of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 held the title as well His paternal grandmother Malama Binta a Fulani from the Sullubawa clan was a princess of the Katsina Emirate and a sister of Emir Muhammadu Dikko citation needed Yar Adua attended Katsina Middle School and then Katsina Provincial School now Government College Katsina for his secondary education at the provincial school where he was classmates with current Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari 3 At the urging of his father and his father s friend defence minister Muhammadu Ribadu Yar Adua took the entrance exam of the Nigerian Military Training College 4 He passed and was enlisted into the Nigerian Army in 1962 as part of the course 5 intake of the Nigerian military training school Yar Adua was selected for further training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst He was turbaned as the Tafidan Katsina by the Emir of Katsina Muhammadu Kabir Usman citation needed Military career Edit Name tag on the uniform of Shehu Musa Yar aduaIn 1964 after he returned from Sandhurst Yar Adua was posted to the first infantry battalion of the Nigerian Army in Enugu under the command of Col Adekunle Fajuyi as second lieutenant From 1964 to the end of the Nigerian Civil War he held various positions including platoon commander in 1964 and from 1965 to 1966 adjutant of the First Infantry Battalion in Enugu He was a battalion commander in 1967 and in 1968 became a Brigade Commander During the civil war he commanded the 6th infantry brigade under the leadership of Murtala Muhammed commander of the second division 5 In October 1967 Yar Adua was given the responsibility for the capture of Onitsha 6 after two 2 unsuccessful attempts by the Nigerian troops citation needed In 1975 he was an active participant in the military coup d etat that deposed General Yakubu Gowon as Nigeria s Head of State 7 After the success of the coup he served as Transport Minister in General Murtala Muhammed s regime As Transport Minister his major task was to decongest the Lagos port Prior to the coup officials of the previous regime had ordered 16 million tonnes of cement to build military barracks around the country However the berthing facilities of the port were inadequate The financial implications became more striking because the Nigerian government was liable to pay demurrage fees by the shippers The Muhammed regime decided to transfer some of the cargoes to neighboring ports and introduce cement management firms to clear and sell the cement and build the new Tin Can Island Port 8 Chief of Staff Supreme Headquarters EditFollowing the 1976 Nigerian coup d etat attempt which resulted in the assassination of Murtala Muhammed Yar Adua became the Chief of Staff Supreme Headquarters The new regime was a triumvirate of power consisting of General Olusegun Obasanjo as Head of State Shehu Yar Adua as Chief of Staff SMHQ and General Theophilus Danjuma as Chief of Army Staff As head of the SMHQ Yar Adua was the de facto second in command Yar Adua who was from the northern aristocracy was relied on heavily by the triumvirate to consolidate power in the north citation needed His office was assigned the task of managing operations of Operation Feed the Nation a self reliant agricultural policy of the new Obasanjo regime 9 Operation Feed the Nation known as OFN was an initiative to boost local production of agricultural produce especially staple crops such as rice and wheat so as to improve self sufficiency of food crops and reduce growing food deficits Mechanisms used to promote the objective included the distribution of heavily subsidized fertilizers and seeds to farmers 10 loans to small scale farmers to enable them to purchase equipment and an educational outreach programme manned by Corpers to teach peasant farmers how to use modern agricultural equipment citation needed However by 1979 the policy had not achieved its primary goal of self reliance and self sufficiency 11 Yar Adua also guided the Supreme Military Council s initiatives on local government reforms which led to the conduct of local government elections in 1976 The local government reforms excluded traditional rulers from certain governance issues and limited their control over property rights The reforms also granted recognition to local government as a third tier arm of government 12 In 1979 the regime transferred power to the civilian elected government of Shehu Shagari ushering in the Second Nigerian Republic which lasted from 1979 to 1983 The triumvirate later retired from the military citation needed Political career EditGeneral Ibrahim Babangida started his political transition program in 1987 with the establishment of a Political Bureau and a Constituent Assembly was later inaugurated to deliberate on a proposed draft constitution Though Yar Adua was not a member of the assembly and a law had proscribed certain old breed politicians from political activities his associates represented his political leanings at the forum and was active in the formation of political associations during the transitional period 13 Yar Adua and his group formed the People s Front of Nigeria Members included Babagana Kingibe Atiku Abubakar Bola Tinubu Magaji Abdullahi Ango Abdullahi Ahmadu Rufa i Yahaya Kwande Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila Wada Abubakar Babalola Borishade Timothy Oguntuase Akinbode Sabo Bakin Zuwo Sunday Afolabi Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso Tony Anenih Chuba Okadigbo and Abubakar Koko 14 The People s Front later merged with other groups to form the Social Democratic Party SDP The People s Front and PSP became the two dominant factions within SDP However Yar Adua s group was very organized and able to win the majority of the elective posts within SDP 15 During the Governorship and House of Assembly elections SDP had a slight numerical edge over the opposition National Republican Convention NRC 16 In January 1992 Yar Adua spent a short stint in detention jailed for contravening a law banning certain persons from active politics However the law was repealed and Yar Adua subsequently announced his presidential election His campaign political structure covered the country he had a national campaign directorate and each state had its own campaign coordinator and ward mobilizers Members of his campaign group included former PDP chairman Anthony Anenih former Vice President Atiku Abubakar former minister Dapo Sarumi Bola Tinubu Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila and Sunday Afolabi Yar Adua was leading the SDP presidential field before results were annulled A new election was later conducted on June 12 1993 which was won by M K O Abiola After the June 12 elections were annulled the Yar Adua faction negotiated an arrangement for the inauguration of an interim government In November 1993 the interim government of Ernest Shonekan was booted out and Sani Abacha became the new military Head of State disbanding the political parties citation needed In 1994 Yar Adua won a seat representing Katsina to a new National Constitutional Conference He was an outspoken delegate and in early 1994 organized a political conference at the Nigerian Union of Journalist office in Lagos that earned the attention of the military leadership who detained him for four days citation needed Arrest and death Edit Shehu Musa Yar Adua Centre in AbujaIn March 1995 General Yar Adua alongside Olusegun Obasanjo Lawan Gwadabe and others were arrested on allegations of plotting a coup to overthrow the General Sani Abacha regime He was sentenced to death by a military tribunal in 1995 after calling on the Nigerian military government of General Sani Abacha and his Provisional Ruling Council to re establish civilian rule The sentence was commuted to life in prison but he died in captivity on 8 December 1997 17 Personal life EditIn 1965 Shehu Yar adua married Hajia Binta and they have five children including Murtala Yar Adua former Nigerian Minister of State for Defence 18 Wealth Edit After retiring from the military Yar Adua established a holding company called Hamada Holdings with several business interests in shipping banking publishing allowing him to amass a vast private fortune citation needed References Edit Bayode Ogunmupe 2011 Nigerian Politics in the Age of Yar Adua Strategic Insight Publishing p 30 ISBN 9781908064011 Biography Yaradua Center archived from the original on 19 July 2015 retrieved 1 August 2015 UPDATE I graduated alongside Yar Adua had Grade II Buhari The Punch January 2015 Archived from the original on 27 June 2015 Retrieved 1 August 2015 Farris J W amp Bomoi M 2004 Shehu Musa Yar Adua a life of service Abuja Nigeria Shehu Musa Yar Adua Foundation p27 Europa Publications 2003 The International Who s Who 2004 Europa Publications p 1851 ISBN 9781857432176 Cheta Nwanze Chronology of the Nigerian Civil War Biafra June 2014 Siollun p 176 180 Farris p 102 103 Toyin Falola Ann Genova 2009 Historical Dictionary of Nigeria Scarecrow Press p 371 yar adua operation feed the nation John Iliffe 2011 Obasanjo Nigeria and the World Boydell amp Brewer ISBN 9781847010278 E O Arua Achieving food sufficiency in Nigeria through the operation feed the nation programme Agricultural Administration Volume 9 Issue 2 February 1982 Pages 91 101 A Carl LeVan 2004 Dictators and Democracy in African Development Cambridge University Press ISBN 9781316165263 Larry Diamond 1997 p 173 Larry Diamond 1997 p 173 Marcus G Ajibade Shehu Musa Yar adua The Recurring Decimal in Contemporary Politics p8 1999 Larry Diamond Anthony Kirk Greene 1997 Transition without End Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida Lynne Rienner pp 235 237 Abacha Coup How Obasanjo Yar Adua were framed Farida Waziri 10 February 2020 Retrieved 3 March 2022 Mallam Murtala Yar Adua yaraduafoundation org Retrieved 30 October 2020 Further reading EditShehu Musa Yar Adua A Life of Service Lynne Rienner Pub 2004 ISBN 978 8069 36 3 Nigeria at Fifty Contributions to Peace Democracy amp Development Edited by Attahiru M Jega amp Jacqueline W Farris 2010 ISBN 978 978 907 7823 Neither North nor South East nor West One Nigeria Jacqueline W Farris illustrated by Mustapha Bulama 2011 ISBN 978 978 50349 7 4External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shehu Musa Yar adua Center Shehu Musa Yar Adua Foundation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shehu Musa Yar 27Adua amp oldid 1145104102, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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