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Koch Industries

January 30, 2023

Coordinates: 37°45′04″N 97°17′15″W / 37.7511°N 97.2874°W / 37.7511; -97.2874

Koch Industries, Inc. (/koʊk/ KOHK) is an American privately held multinational conglomerate corporation based in Wichita, Kansas and is the second-largest privately held company in the United States, after Cargill.[2] Its subsidiaries are involved in the manufacturing, refining, and distribution of petroleum, chemicals, energy, fiber, intermediates and polymers, minerals, fertilizer, pulp and paper, chemical technology equipment, cloud computing, finance, raw materials trading, and investments. Koch owns Flint Hills Resources, Georgia-Pacific, Guardian Industries, Infor, Invista, KBX, Koch Ag & Energy Solutions, Koch Engineered Solutions, Koch Investments Group, Koch Minerals & Trading, and Molex. The firm employs 122,000 people in 60 countries, with about half of its business in the United States.[2][1][5]

Koch Industries, Inc.
TypePrivate
IndustryConglomerate
FoundedFebruary 8, 1940; 82 years ago (1940-02-08)
FounderFred C. Koch
Headquarters
Wichita, Kansas
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Charles Koch
(Chairman & CEO)
ProductsAsphalt, chemicals, raw materials trading, energy, fibers, fertilizers, finance, minerals, natural gas, plastics, petroleum, pulp and paper, ranching[1]
RevenueUS$115 billion (2020)[2]
OwnerCharles Koch (42%)
Heirs of David Koch (42%)
Trusts for the benefit of Elaine Tettemer Marshall, Preston Marshall, and E. Pierce Marshall Jr. (16%)[3]
Number of employees
120,000 (2022)[4]
SubsidiariesGeorgia-Pacific, Guardian Industries, Flint Hills Resources, Invista, Molex, Infor, Matador Cattle Company
Websitewww.kochind.com
Footnotes / references
[1][5]

The company was founded by its namesake, Fred C. Koch, in 1940 after he developed an innovative crude oil refining process.[6] Fred C. Koch died in 1967 and his majority interest in the company was split amongst his four sons. In June 1983, after a bitter legal and boardroom battle over the amount of dividends paid by the company, the stakes of Frederick R. Koch and William "Bill" Koch were bought out for $1.1 billion and Charles Koch and David Koch became majority owners in the company.[7] Charles owns 42% of the company; trusts for the benefit of Elaine Tettemer Marshall (the daughter in-law of J. Howard Marshall) and Elaine's children, Preston Marshall and E. Pierce Marshall Jr., own 16% of the company.[3][8] David Koch died on August 23, 2019 and his heirs own the remaining 42% balance of the corporation.

Charles Koch has stated that the company would go public "over my dead body" and that the company has used its freedom from the pressures of public markets to make long-term investments and concentrate on growth.[9][10]

History

Predecessor companies

In 1925, Fred C. Koch joined MIT classmate Lewis E. Winkler at an engineering firm in Wichita, Kansas, which was renamed the Winkler-Koch Engineering Company. In 1927, they developed a more efficient thermal cracking process for turning crude oil into gasoline. This process, which the company sold to many independent refineries in the United States,[11] threatened the competitive advantage of established oil companies, which sued for patent infringement.[12] Temporarily forced out of business in the United States, they turned to other markets, including the Soviet Union, where Winkler-Koch built 15 cracking units between 1929 and 1932. During this time, Koch came to despise communism and Joseph Stalin's regime.[12][13] In his 1960 book, A Business Man Looks at Communism, Koch wrote that he found the USSR to be "a land of hunger, misery, and terror".[14] According to Charles Koch, "Virtually every engineer he worked with [there] was purged."[12]

Winkler-Koch built refineries in Germany in the early 1930s.[15] In a joint venture with William Rhodes Davis, Koch assisted in the design and construction of the third-largest oil refinery in Germany at the time.[16] It was also one of the few refineries capable of refining fuel for airplanes, and was a strategic bombing target for Allied forces. The project was stalled for some time as Davis sought approval, before it was approved personally by Adolf Hitler.[17]

In 1940, Koch joined new partners to create the Wood River Oil and Refining Company. In 1946, the firm acquired the Rock Island refinery and crude oil gathering system near Duncan, Oklahoma. Wood River was later renamed the Rock Island Oil & Refining Company.[18] Charles Koch joined Rock Island in 1961, having started his career at the management consulting firm Arthur D. Little. He became president in 1966 and chairman at age 32, upon his father's death the following year.[6][19]

Koch Industries

Wood River Oil and Refining Company was renamed Koch Industries in 1968 in honor of Fred Koch, the year after his death.[20][21] At that time, it was primarily an engineering firm with a 35% interest in Great Northern Oil Company, which owned the Pine Bend Refinery in Minnesota, a crude oil-gathering system in Oklahoma,[12] and some cattle ranches.[22]

In 1968, Charles approached Union Oil of California about buying its 40% interest in Great Northern Oil Company but the discussions quickly stalled after Union asked for a large premium.[23] In 1969, Koch merged his interest with the 15% interest owned by J. Howard Marshall, then owning a combined 50% of the company, preventing Union from assembling a controlling interest. They then acquired Union's interest.[24][25] The Pine Bend Refinery produced chemicals, fibers, polymers, asphalt and other commodities such as petroleum coke and sulfur.[23]

In 1970, Charles was joined at the family firm by his brother David Koch. Having started as a technical services manager, David became president of Koch Engineering in 1979.

In 1979, the company acquired 780 dealerships from Chrysler.[26]

In June 1983, after a bitter legal and boardroom battle over the amount of dividends paid by the company, in a settlement, the stakes of William "Bill" Koch and Frederick R. Koch, who wanted the company to pay more dividends rather than reinvest in the business, were bought out for $620 million and $400 million, respectively, and Charles Koch and David Koch became majority owners in the company. In June 1985, William and Frederick unsuccessfully sued their brothers claiming that they were underpaid for their stakes.[27][28]

In September 2001, the company acquired KoSa.[29] This company is considered the largest producer of polyester in the world.[30]

In 2005, the company acquired Georgia-Pacific.[31][32]

In 2008, the company discovered that the French affiliate Koch-Glitsch had violated bribery laws allegedly securing contracts in Algeria, Egypt, India, Morocco, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia after an investigation by Ethics Compliance officer, Egorova-Farines.[33] After Koch Industries' investigative team looked into her findings, the four employees involved were terminated. According to journalist Jennifer Rubin, Koch Industries' general counsel stated that Egorova-Farines failed to promptly share the findings, choosing instead to give the information to a manager at Koch-Glitsch who was later fired for bribery. According to Koch Industries' general counsel, "Egorova-Farines was not fired but instead ran into performance problems, left the company to go on leave and never returned." Egorova-Farines sued Koch-Glitsch for wrongful termination in France, lost, and "was ordered to pay costs for bringing a frivolous case".[34]

In 2010, the company was among the first group of nearly 2,000 employers that applied for and were granted federal reimbursements from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, under the new Early Retiree Reinsurance Program established by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, for providing health insurance to retirees too young to be eligible for Medicare.[35]

In 2013, the company acquired Molex, a provider of electronic components, for $7.2 billion.[36]

In September 2014, along with the private equity arm of Goldman Sachs, the company acquired Flint Group, a printing ink producer, for $3 billion.[37][38]

In June 2014, the United Negro College Fund announced a $25 million grant from Koch Industries and the Charles Koch Foundation to go towards merit-based scholarships and general support of historically black colleges and universities.[39][40][41]

In December 2014, the company acquired Oplink Communications, an optical networking device maker, for $445 million.[42]

In 2015, the company joined the "Ban the Box" movement by removing questions about prior criminal convictions from its job application, making it easier for ex-offenders to find work.[43]

In November 2015, the company "signed a Statement of Support with Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR) that pledges Koch will provide supervisors with the tools to hire and support employees serving in the National Guard of the United States".[44]

In 2017, the company was featured in the Forbes' list of America's Best Employers By State.[45] It was dropped from the list in 2021.[46]

In November 2017, Koch Disruptive Technologies was established, the corporation's venture arm, led by Chase Koch, son of Charles Koch.[47]

In July 2019, the company sold its leases in the Athabasca oil sands.[48][49]

In December 2021, Rupert Murdoch and his wife, Jerry Hall, acquired a 340,000 acres (1,400 km2) ranch in Beaverhead County, Montana from Matador Cattle Company, a subsidiary of the company, for $200 million.[50] Matador was formed in 1951 by Fred Koch. It won the 2010 Lone Star Land Steward Award.[51] The company also owns ranches in Kansas and Texas that are being marketed for sale.[52]

Subsidiaries

Infor

Main article: Infor

Koch invested $2 billion in Infor, which focuses on cloud computing, in November 2016, another $1.5 billion in January 2019, and acquired the remainder of the company in April 2020 in a $13 billion transaction.[53][54]

Arteva Europe S.a.r.l.

Arteva Europe is an "internal bank" which is headquartered in Luxembourg and manages the European cash flows of Koch Industries.[55]

Flint Hills Resources LP

Flint Hills Resources LP, originally called Koch Petroleum Group, is a refining and chemicals company based in Wichita, Kansas. It sells gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, ethanol, polymers, intermediate chemicals, base oils and asphalt. It operates oil refineries in six states and chemical plants in Illinois, Texas and Michigan. The firm also manufactures asphalt used for paving and roofing applications at 13 asphalt terminals in six states including Alaska (2 terminals), Wisconsin (2), Iowa (3), Minnesota (4), Nebraska (1), and North Dakota (1).[56] The firm manages the purchasing of domestic crude oil from Texas and Colorado offices, has five ethanol plants across Iowa and one in Nebraska, has a refinery terminal in Alaska, and operates refineries in Alaska, Texas, and Minnesota.

The Pine Bend Refinery in Minnesota can process 392,000 barrels (62,300 m3) of crude oil per day, most of which comes from Alberta, Canada. It handles one quarter of all Canadian oil sands crude entering the U.S.[57] It also operates 4 fuel terminals in Wisconsin, 6 in Texas, and one each in Iowa and Minnesota.[56]

In 1981, it acquired a petroleum refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas from Sunoco for $265 million.[58]

In 1994, it acquired a 104,000 b/d petroleum refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas from Kerr-McGee.[59]

On July 16, 2014, Flint Hills Resources acquired PetroLogistics, a Houston-based manufacturer of chemical and polymer grade propylene.[60][61]

Koch Pipeline Company LP

Koch Pipeline Company LP, a division of Flint Hills, owns and operates 4,000 miles (6,400 km) of pipeline used to transport petroleum, natural gas liquids, and chemicals. Its pipelines are located in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Texas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Alberta, Canada. The firm has offices in Wichita, Kansas, St. Paul, Minnesota, Corpus Christi, Texas and Port Arthur, Texas.

In 1946, Wood River Oil Co. (a precursor company to Koch Industries) purchased Rock Island Oil and Refining Co. As a part of the transaction, it acquired a crude-oil pipeline in Oklahoma. As a result of construction and investments, Wood River acquired other pipelines in the US and Canada.[62]

In 1992, it acquired United Gas Pipe Line Co., owner of 9,271 miles of pipelines.[63][64]

It owns the largest interest in the Colonial Pipeline.

Georgia-Pacific

Main article: Georgia-Pacific

Georgia-Pacific is a paper and pulp company that manufactures a wide variety of household products under the brand names Brawny, Angel Soft, Mardi Gras, Quilted Northern, Dixie, Sparkle, and Vanity Fair. The Atlanta-based company has operations in 27 states.[65]

Guardian Industries

Main article: Guardian Industries

Guardian Industries is an industrial manufacturer of glass, automotive, and building products based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The company manufactures float glass, and fabricated glass products for commercial, residential and automotive applications. The company employs more than 18,000 people and has present activities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.[66]

Invista

Main article: Invista

Acquired from DuPont, Invista is a polymer and fibers company that makes "Stainmaster" carpet products, amongst many.

When the $4.4 billion deal was announced in 2003, Koch planned to make Invista a part of KoSa, its polyester business,[67] which Koch became owner of as of November 14, 2001, after buying the 50 percent stake owned by IMASAB S.A. of Mexico.[68]

The "Lycra" fiber brand was sold to Shandong Ruyi Investment Holding in 2019.

Koch Ag & Energy Solutions

Koch Ag & Energy Solutions, LLC and its subsidiaries, including Koch Fertilizer, LLC, Koch Agronomic Services, LLC, Koch Energy Services, LLC and Koch Methanol, LLC, globally provide products including fertilizer and other plant nutrients for agricultural turf and ornamental plant markets, as well as other enhanced efficiency products and technology for the energy and chemical markets.[69][70]

Koch Fertilizer, LLC, is one of the world's largest makers of nitrogen fertilizers.[71] Koch Fertilizer owns or has interests in fertilizer plants in the United States, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, and Italy, among others.[72][73] Koch Fertilizer was formed in 1988 when the Koch companies purchased the Gulf Central Pipeline and ammonia terminals connected to the pipeline. The next year, the Koch Nitrogen Company was formed in order to market ammonia. The next few years saw purchases of various ammonia facilities in Louisiana, Canada, and elsewhere, and ammonia sales agreements with firms in Australia, the UK, and other countries. The year 2010 saw the founding of Koch Methanol, LLC, and Koch Agronomic Services, LLC. In October 2010, a plant in which Koch had a 35% stake was nationalized by the Venezuelan government.[74] In 2011, the firm acquired the British fertilizer firm J&H Bunn Limited. Koch Fertilizer has change its name to Koch Ag and Energy Solutions (KAES)[75]

Koch Chemical Technology Group

Koch Chemical Technology Group, Ltd. and its subsidiaries design, manufacture, install and service process and pollution control equipment, water purification and desalination equipment, and provide engineering services for various industrial applications and municipalities around the world.[70][76][77]

Koch-Glitsch

Koch-Glitsch is an entity of Koch Industries. Koch-Glitsch engineers mass transfer and mist elimination equipment for refineries and chemical plants around the world. As world leaders in process systems, Koch-Glitsch has two joint ventures under its umbrella: The Eta Process Plant and Koch Modular Process Systems.[78]

Eta is the leading supplier of deaeration plants around the world, with over 400 plants worldwide. The majority of seawater deaeration plants supplied by Eta use vacuum stripping.[79]

Koch Modular Process Systems specializes in modular mass transfer systems. Typical applications for these systems include chemical purification, solvent recovery, and liquid-liquid extraction. Koch Modular Process Systems also runs a state-of-the-art pilot plant.[80]

Koch Minerals

Koch Minerals, LLC through its subsidiaries, is one of the world's largest managers of dry-bulk commodities, and is also involved in oil and gas exploration and production, the production of oil field products, investments in steel and other markets.[70][81]

Koch Supply & Trading

Koch Supply & Trading companies around the world trade crude oil, refined petroleum products, gas liquids, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, power, renewables, emissions, and metals.[82]

Molex

Molex produces pin-and-socket Molex connectors, specialized connectors and sensors for equipment used in data transmission, telecommunication, industrial technology, solar power, automotive electronics, commercial vehicles, aerospace and defense, health technology, and solid-state lighting.[83]

Environmental and safety record

Bloomberg reports that from 1999 to 2003, Koch Industries was assessed "more than $400 million in fines, penalties and judgements".[33] Daniel Indiviglio, in a reaction piece appearing in The Atlantic, argues that the Bloomberg article is biased and misleading, asserting that the Bloomberg team "only found eight instances of alleged misconduct by a giant multinational over the span of 63 years".[84] The eight instances mentioned by Bloomberg include:

In October, 1994, a pipeline broke and discharged over 90,000 gallons of crude oil into Gum Hollow Creek, in Refugio County, Texas. Heavy rains carried the oil to the Nueces River and on into Nueces and Corpus Christi Bays. The discharge oiled terrestrial and aquatic vegetation, birds, sediments, soils, and other biota. The Consent Decree was held up for some time, due to a DOJ criminal case with Koch Pipeline regarding non- and under-reporting of discharges. The criminal case was settled in March 2000 and the assessment completed.[85]

In 1996, an 8-inch-diameter steel LPG pipeline operated by Koch Pipeline Company ruptured near Lively, Texas, a community about 50 miles southeast of Dallas, and began leaking butane gas. The vapor cloud ignited when two teenaged residents drove their pickup truck across a creek near the pipeline while on their way to a neighbor's house to call 9-1-1 and report the smell of gas. The two were killed in the explosion, and approximately 25 families were later evacuated from the neighborhood without injury.[86][87][88] An investigation conducted by the NTSB found that the pipe section which failed had not been shown to have excessive corrosion in a 1995 inspection. Regulations at the time did not provide criteria for "adequate cathodic protection".[89][86] In 1999, a Texas jury found that negligence had led to the rupture of the Koch pipeline and awarded the victims' families $296 million.[33]

In March 1999, Koch Petroleum Group acknowledged that it had negligently discharged hundreds of thousands of gallons of aviation fuel into wetlands from its refinery in Rosemount, Minnesota, and that it had illegally dumped a million gallons of high-ammonia wastewater onto the ground and into the Mississippi River. Koch Petroleum paid a $6 million fine and $2 million in remediation costs, and was ordered to serve three years of probation.[90]

In 2000, as a result of 312 oil spills attributed to Koch and its subsidiaries across six states, Koch paid what was at the time the largest civil fine ever imposed on a company under any federal environmental law for the illegal discharge of crude oil and petroleum products.[91][92][93] Koch disputed the EPA figures, saying the EPA did not file claims in over half of the 312 alleged cases, and further, that "Many of these alleged spills are not even listed in the EPA's own oil spill data base."[94] In a settlement with the U.S. Justice Department and the state of Texas which included "leaks that occurred as the result of third party actions, like digging," the company agreed to pay a "$30 million civil penalty, improve its leak-prevention programs and spend $5 million on environmental projects".[93][95][96][97]

In September 2000, a federal grand jury returned a 97-count indictment against Koch Industries and four individual employees for environmental crimes relating to alleged violations of the Clean Air Act and the measurement and control of benzene emissions from the West Plant in Corpus Christi, Texas.[98][99] A superseding indictment followed in January 2001. In April 2001, Koch pleaded guilty to one count, related to wastewater reporting it had self-reported to the government in 1995, according to the company.[100] Koch Industries was fined $20 million, of which $10 million was a criminal fine and $10 million to be used for special projects to improve the environment in Corpus Christi.[101][102][103]

In December 2000, the Justice Department and EPA signed a Consent Decree with Koch Petroleum Group to spend an estimated $80 million to install up-to-date pollution-control equipment at two refineries in Corpus Christi, Tex. and one near St. Paul, Minn., reducing emissions from stacks, leaking valves, wastewater vents, and flares. Koch also will pay a $4.5 million penalty to settle Clean Air Act violations and other environmental claims at its Minnesota refinery. The State of Minnesota has joined in the settlement with the United States.[104]

In June 2003, the US Commerce Department fined Flint Hills Resources a $200,000 civil penalty. The fine settled charges that the company exported crude petroleum from the US to Canada without proper US government authorization. The Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security said from July 1997 to March 1999, Koch Petroleum (later called Flint Hills Resources) committed 40 violations of Export Administration Regulations.[105]

According to the environmental documentary, Company Town (film), released in 2016, improper waste disposal by the Georgia-Pacific Paper Mill in Crossett, Arkansas caused a cluster of cancer incidents in the area around the mill.[106]

In 2005, Koch's Flint Hills Resources refinery was recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Awards program for reducing air emissions by 50 percent, even while expanding operations.[107] The EPA has worked with Flint Hills Resources to develop "strategies for curtailing so-called 'upset' emissions, in what agency and company sources say could lead to guidance to minimize such emissions from petroleum refineries and other industrial facilities".[108] The EPA described the process as a "model for other companies".[109]

In 2004, Koch Industries bought a refinery in North Pole, Alaska that tapped the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and produced heating and jet fuels and other products.[110] In 2006, Flint Hills Resources was fined nearly $16,000 by the EPA for 10 separate violations of the Clean Air Act at that facility, and was required to spend another $60,000 on safety equipment needed to help prevent future violations.[111][110] In January 2020, after a trial that had begun in October 2019, a Fairbanks, Alaska Superior Court judge pro tem ordered Williams Alaska Petroleum, previous owner of the refinery, to pay $29.4 million for costs and damages related to contaminating drinking water wells supplying hundreds of residents with sulfolane, the problem first discovered in 2009.[110] The judge separately ordered Williams to pay future response costs and partially reimburse Flint Hills Resources LLC for the more than $130 million it had spent to provide clean water to affected residents. The judge allocated 75% of the spill liability to Williams and 25% to Flint Hills in the trial that determined the allocation of responsibility. The Alaska Attorney General's office commented, "We're pleased that the court affirmed the basic principle that under Alaska law the polluter pays." Williams, Flint Hills and the state had been in litigation regarding the sulfolane plume for nearly a decade.[110]

Koch Industries won the 2015 Conservation Education Award from the Wildlife Habitat Council and "has partnered with the company on conservation efforts for the past 15 years".[112] Between 2009 and 2015, Koch companies earned 1,085 awards for safety, environmental excellence, community stewardship, innovation, and customer service from various government agencies, businesses, environmental organizations, trade associations, and charitable organizations around the world.[113]

Political activity

See also: KochPAC and Political activities of the Koch brothers

Fred C. Koch was one of the organizers of the John Birch Society in 1958.[114]

According to OpenSecrets, many of Koch Industries' contributions have gone toward achieving legislation on taxes, energy and nuclear power, defense appropriations and financial regulatory reform.[115] Koch Industries has been criticized by the environmentalist group Greenpeace for the role they allege the company plays in affecting climate change policy in the United States.[116][117]

Prior to 2008, a Canadian subsidiary of Koch Industries contributed to the Fraser Institute, a conservative Canadian public policy think tank, according to the Institute's founder.[118]

The company has opposed the regulation of financial derivatives, limits on greenhouse gases,[33] and sponsors free market foundations and causes.[119][120]

Koch Industries has come out against Low Carbon Fuel Standards.[121] According to Koch Industries, "LCFS would cripple refiners that rely on heavy crude feedstocks to provide the transportation fuels that keep America moving."[122]

The Koch Industries website includes an opinion piece from The Wall Street Journal by Charles Koch, titled "Why Koch Industries is Speaking Out."[123] The article states: "Because of our activism, we've been vilified by various groups. Despite this criticism, we're determined to keep contributing and standing up for those politicians, like Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, who are taking these challenges [deficit spending by governments] seriously."

The company also funds the political action committee KochPAC.

In a 2014 opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal, Charles Koch wrote about his beliefs on a free society saying, "A truly free society is based on a vision of respect for people and what they value. In a truly free society, any business that disrespects its customers will fail and deserves to do so. The same should be true of any government that disrespects its citizens. The central belief and fatal conceit of the current administration are that you are incapable of running your own life, but those in power are capable of running it for you. This is the essence of big government and collectivism."[124]

In February 2016, Charles Koch wrote an opinion piece for The Washington Post, titled "This is the one issue where Bernie Sanders is right" in which he argued that "Democrats and Republicans have too often favored policies and regulations that pick winners and losers. This helps perpetuate a cycle of control, dependency, cronyism, and poverty in the United States."[125]

According to watchdog group Documented, in 2020 Koch Industries contributed $375,000 to the Rule of Law Defense Fund, a fund-raising arm of the Republican Attorneys General Association.[126]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Leonard, Christopher (2019). Kochland: The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781476775388. OCLC 1110726946.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koch Industries.
  • Official website  
  • Koch Industries companies grouped at OpenCorporates

January 30, 2023
koch, industries, coordinates, 7511, 2874, 7511, 2874, kohk, american, privately, held, multinational, conglomerate, corporation, based, wichita, kansas, second, largest, privately, held, company, united, states, after, cargill, subsidiaries, involved, manufac. Coordinates 37 45 04 N 97 17 15 W 37 7511 N 97 2874 W 37 7511 97 2874 Koch Industries Inc k oʊ k KOHK is an American privately held multinational conglomerate corporation based in Wichita Kansas and is the second largest privately held company in the United States after Cargill 2 Its subsidiaries are involved in the manufacturing refining and distribution of petroleum chemicals energy fiber intermediates and polymers minerals fertilizer pulp and paper chemical technology equipment cloud computing finance raw materials trading and investments Koch owns Flint Hills Resources Georgia Pacific Guardian Industries Infor Invista KBX Koch Ag amp Energy Solutions Koch Engineered Solutions Koch Investments Group Koch Minerals amp Trading and Molex The firm employs 122 000 people in 60 countries with about half of its business in the United States 2 1 5 Koch Industries Inc TypePrivateIndustryConglomerateFoundedFebruary 8 1940 82 years ago 1940 02 08 FounderFred C KochHeadquartersWichita Kansas U S Area servedWorldwideKey peopleCharles Koch Chairman amp CEO ProductsAsphalt chemicals raw materials trading energy fibers fertilizers finance minerals natural gas plastics petroleum pulp and paper ranching 1 RevenueUS 115 billion 2020 2 OwnerCharles Koch 42 Heirs of David Koch 42 Trusts for the benefit of Elaine Tettemer Marshall Preston Marshall and E Pierce Marshall Jr 16 3 Number of employees120 000 2022 4 SubsidiariesGeorgia Pacific Guardian Industries Flint Hills Resources Invista Molex Infor Matador Cattle CompanyWebsitewww wbr kochind wbr comFootnotes references 1 5 This article s lead section may not adequately summarize its contents To comply with Wikipedia s lead section guidelines please consider modifying the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article s key points in such a way that it can stand on its own as a concise version of the article June 2022 The company was founded by its namesake Fred C Koch in 1940 after he developed an innovative crude oil refining process 6 Fred C Koch died in 1967 and his majority interest in the company was split amongst his four sons In June 1983 after a bitter legal and boardroom battle over the amount of dividends paid by the company the stakes of Frederick R Koch and William Bill Koch were bought out for 1 1 billion and Charles Koch and David Koch became majority owners in the company 7 Charles owns 42 of the company trusts for the benefit of Elaine Tettemer Marshall the daughter in law of J Howard Marshall and Elaine s children Preston Marshall and E Pierce Marshall Jr own 16 of the company 3 8 David Koch died on August 23 2019 and his heirs own the remaining 42 balance of the corporation Charles Koch has stated that the company would go public over my dead body and that the company has used its freedom from the pressures of public markets to make long term investments and concentrate on growth 9 10 Contents 1 History 1 1 Predecessor companies 1 2 Koch Industries 2 Subsidiaries 2 1 Infor 2 2 Arteva Europe S a r l 2 3 Flint Hills Resources LP 2 3 1 Koch Pipeline Company LP 2 4 Georgia Pacific 2 5 Guardian Industries 2 6 Invista 2 7 Koch Ag amp Energy Solutions 2 8 Koch Chemical Technology Group 2 9 Koch Glitsch 2 10 Koch Minerals 2 11 Koch Supply amp Trading 2 12 Molex 3 Environmental and safety record 4 Political activity 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditPredecessor companies Edit In 1925 Fred C Koch joined MIT classmate Lewis E Winkler at an engineering firm in Wichita Kansas which was renamed the Winkler Koch Engineering Company In 1927 they developed a more efficient thermal cracking process for turning crude oil into gasoline This process which the company sold to many independent refineries in the United States 11 threatened the competitive advantage of established oil companies which sued for patent infringement 12 Temporarily forced out of business in the United States they turned to other markets including the Soviet Union where Winkler Koch built 15 cracking units between 1929 and 1932 During this time Koch came to despise communism and Joseph Stalin s regime 12 13 In his 1960 book A Business Man Looks at Communism Koch wrote that he found the USSR to be a land of hunger misery and terror 14 According to Charles Koch Virtually every engineer he worked with there was purged 12 Winkler Koch built refineries in Germany in the early 1930s 15 In a joint venture with William Rhodes Davis Koch assisted in the design and construction of the third largest oil refinery in Germany at the time 16 It was also one of the few refineries capable of refining fuel for airplanes and was a strategic bombing target for Allied forces The project was stalled for some time as Davis sought approval before it was approved personally by Adolf Hitler 17 In 1940 Koch joined new partners to create the Wood River Oil and Refining Company In 1946 the firm acquired the Rock Island refinery and crude oil gathering system near Duncan Oklahoma Wood River was later renamed the Rock Island Oil amp Refining Company 18 Charles Koch joined Rock Island in 1961 having started his career at the management consulting firm Arthur D Little He became president in 1966 and chairman at age 32 upon his father s death the following year 6 19 Koch Industries Edit Wood River Oil and Refining Company was renamed Koch Industries in 1968 in honor of Fred Koch the year after his death 20 21 At that time it was primarily an engineering firm with a 35 interest in Great Northern Oil Company which owned the Pine Bend Refinery in Minnesota a crude oil gathering system in Oklahoma 12 and some cattle ranches 22 In 1968 Charles approached Union Oil of California about buying its 40 interest in Great Northern Oil Company but the discussions quickly stalled after Union asked for a large premium 23 In 1969 Koch merged his interest with the 15 interest owned by J Howard Marshall then owning a combined 50 of the company preventing Union from assembling a controlling interest They then acquired Union s interest 24 25 The Pine Bend Refinery produced chemicals fibers polymers asphalt and other commodities such as petroleum coke and sulfur 23 In 1970 Charles was joined at the family firm by his brother David Koch Having started as a technical services manager David became president of Koch Engineering in 1979 In 1979 the company acquired 780 dealerships from Chrysler 26 In June 1983 after a bitter legal and boardroom battle over the amount of dividends paid by the company in a settlement the stakes of William Bill Koch and Frederick R Koch who wanted the company to pay more dividends rather than reinvest in the business were bought out for 620 million and 400 million respectively and Charles Koch and David Koch became majority owners in the company In June 1985 William and Frederick unsuccessfully sued their brothers claiming that they were underpaid for their stakes 27 28 In September 2001 the company acquired KoSa 29 This company is considered the largest producer of polyester in the world 30 In 2005 the company acquired Georgia Pacific 31 32 In 2008 the company discovered that the French affiliate Koch Glitsch had violated bribery laws allegedly securing contracts in Algeria Egypt India Morocco Nigeria and Saudi Arabia after an investigation by Ethics Compliance officer Egorova Farines 33 After Koch Industries investigative team looked into her findings the four employees involved were terminated According to journalist Jennifer Rubin Koch Industries general counsel stated that Egorova Farines failed to promptly share the findings choosing instead to give the information to a manager at Koch Glitsch who was later fired for bribery According to Koch Industries general counsel Egorova Farines was not fired but instead ran into performance problems left the company to go on leave and never returned Egorova Farines sued Koch Glitsch for wrongful termination in France lost and was ordered to pay costs for bringing a frivolous case 34 In 2010 the company was among the first group of nearly 2 000 employers that applied for and were granted federal reimbursements from the U S Department of Health and Human Services under the new Early Retiree Reinsurance Program established by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act for providing health insurance to retirees too young to be eligible for Medicare 35 In 2013 the company acquired Molex a provider of electronic components for 7 2 billion 36 In September 2014 along with the private equity arm of Goldman Sachs the company acquired Flint Group a printing ink producer for 3 billion 37 38 In June 2014 the United Negro College Fund announced a 25 million grant from Koch Industries and the Charles Koch Foundation to go towards merit based scholarships and general support of historically black colleges and universities 39 40 41 In December 2014 the company acquired Oplink Communications an optical networking device maker for 445 million 42 In 2015 the company joined the Ban the Box movement by removing questions about prior criminal convictions from its job application making it easier for ex offenders to find work 43 In November 2015 the company signed a Statement of Support with Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve ESGR that pledges Koch will provide supervisors with the tools to hire and support employees serving in the National Guard of the United States 44 In 2017 the company was featured in the Forbes list of America s Best Employers By State 45 It was dropped from the list in 2021 46 In November 2017 Koch Disruptive Technologies was established the corporation s venture arm led by Chase Koch son of Charles Koch 47 In July 2019 the company sold its leases in the Athabasca oil sands 48 49 In December 2021 Rupert Murdoch and his wife Jerry Hall acquired a 340 000 acres 1 400 km2 ranch in Beaverhead County Montana from Matador Cattle Company a subsidiary of the company for 200 million 50 Matador was formed in 1951 by Fred Koch It won the 2010 Lone Star Land Steward Award 51 The company also owns ranches in Kansas and Texas that are being marketed for sale 52 Subsidiaries EditInfor Edit Main article Infor Koch invested 2 billion in Infor which focuses on cloud computing in November 2016 another 1 5 billion in January 2019 and acquired the remainder of the company in April 2020 in a 13 billion transaction 53 54 Arteva Europe S a r l Edit Arteva Europe is an internal bank which is headquartered in Luxembourg and manages the European cash flows of Koch Industries 55 Flint Hills Resources LP Edit Flint Hills Resources LP originally called Koch Petroleum Group is a refining and chemicals company based in Wichita Kansas It sells gasoline diesel jet fuel ethanol polymers intermediate chemicals base oils and asphalt It operates oil refineries in six states and chemical plants in Illinois Texas and Michigan The firm also manufactures asphalt used for paving and roofing applications at 13 asphalt terminals in six states including Alaska 2 terminals Wisconsin 2 Iowa 3 Minnesota 4 Nebraska 1 and North Dakota 1 56 The firm manages the purchasing of domestic crude oil from Texas and Colorado offices has five ethanol plants across Iowa and one in Nebraska has a refinery terminal in Alaska and operates refineries in Alaska Texas and Minnesota The Pine Bend Refinery in Minnesota can process 392 000 barrels 62 300 m3 of crude oil per day most of which comes from Alberta Canada It handles one quarter of all Canadian oil sands crude entering the U S 57 It also operates 4 fuel terminals in Wisconsin 6 in Texas and one each in Iowa and Minnesota 56 In 1981 it acquired a petroleum refinery in Corpus Christi Texas from Sunoco for 265 million 58 In 1994 it acquired a 104 000 b d petroleum refinery in Corpus Christi Texas from Kerr McGee 59 On July 16 2014 Flint Hills Resources acquired PetroLogistics a Houston based manufacturer of chemical and polymer grade propylene 60 61 Koch Pipeline Company LP Edit Koch Pipeline Company LP a division of Flint Hills owns and operates 4 000 miles 6 400 km of pipeline used to transport petroleum natural gas liquids and chemicals Its pipelines are located in Wisconsin Minnesota Texas Missouri Iowa Oklahoma Louisiana and Alberta Canada The firm has offices in Wichita Kansas St Paul Minnesota Corpus Christi Texas and Port Arthur Texas In 1946 Wood River Oil Co a precursor company to Koch Industries purchased Rock Island Oil and Refining Co As a part of the transaction it acquired a crude oil pipeline in Oklahoma As a result of construction and investments Wood River acquired other pipelines in the US and Canada 62 In 1992 it acquired United Gas Pipe Line Co owner of 9 271 miles of pipelines 63 64 It owns the largest interest in the Colonial Pipeline Georgia Pacific Edit Main article Georgia Pacific Georgia Pacific is a paper and pulp company that manufactures a wide variety of household products under the brand names Brawny Angel Soft Mardi Gras Quilted Northern Dixie Sparkle and Vanity Fair The Atlanta based company has operations in 27 states 65 Guardian Industries Edit Main article Guardian Industries Guardian Industries is an industrial manufacturer of glass automotive and building products based in Auburn Hills Michigan The company manufactures float glass and fabricated glass products for commercial residential and automotive applications The company employs more than 18 000 people and has present activities in North and South America Europe Asia Africa and the Middle East 66 Invista Edit Main article Invista Acquired from DuPont Invista is a polymer and fibers company that makes Stainmaster carpet products amongst many When the 4 4 billion deal was announced in 2003 Koch planned to make Invista a part of KoSa its polyester business 67 which Koch became owner of as of November 14 2001 after buying the 50 percent stake owned by IMASAB S A of Mexico 68 The Lycra fiber brand was sold to Shandong Ruyi Investment Holding in 2019 Koch Ag amp Energy Solutions Edit Koch Ag amp Energy Solutions LLC and its subsidiaries including Koch Fertilizer LLC Koch Agronomic Services LLC Koch Energy Services LLC and Koch Methanol LLC globally provide products including fertilizer and other plant nutrients for agricultural turf and ornamental plant markets as well as other enhanced efficiency products and technology for the energy and chemical markets 69 70 Koch Fertilizer LLC is one of the world s largest makers of nitrogen fertilizers 71 Koch Fertilizer owns or has interests in fertilizer plants in the United States Canada Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela and Italy among others 72 73 Koch Fertilizer was formed in 1988 when the Koch companies purchased the Gulf Central Pipeline and ammonia terminals connected to the pipeline The next year the Koch Nitrogen Company was formed in order to market ammonia The next few years saw purchases of various ammonia facilities in Louisiana Canada and elsewhere and ammonia sales agreements with firms in Australia the UK and other countries The year 2010 saw the founding of Koch Methanol LLC and Koch Agronomic Services LLC In October 2010 a plant in which Koch had a 35 stake was nationalized by the Venezuelan government 74 In 2011 the firm acquired the British fertilizer firm J amp H Bunn Limited Koch Fertilizer has change its name to Koch Ag and Energy Solutions KAES 75 Koch Chemical Technology Group Edit Koch Chemical Technology Group Ltd and its subsidiaries design manufacture install and service process and pollution control equipment water purification and desalination equipment and provide engineering services for various industrial applications and municipalities around the world 70 76 77 Koch Glitsch Edit Koch Glitsch is an entity of Koch Industries Koch Glitsch engineers mass transfer and mist elimination equipment for refineries and chemical plants around the world As world leaders in process systems Koch Glitsch has two joint ventures under its umbrella The Eta Process Plant and Koch Modular Process Systems 78 Eta is the leading supplier of deaeration plants around the world with over 400 plants worldwide The majority of seawater deaeration plants supplied by Eta use vacuum stripping 79 Koch Modular Process Systems specializes in modular mass transfer systems Typical applications for these systems include chemical purification solvent recovery and liquid liquid extraction Koch Modular Process Systems also runs a state of the art pilot plant 80 Koch Minerals Edit Koch Minerals LLC through its subsidiaries is one of the world s largest managers of dry bulk commodities and is also involved in oil and gas exploration and production the production of oil field products investments in steel and other markets 70 81 Koch Supply amp Trading Edit Koch Supply amp Trading companies around the world trade crude oil refined petroleum products gas liquids natural gas liquefied natural gas power renewables emissions and metals 82 Molex Edit Molex produces pin and socket Molex connectors specialized connectors and sensors for equipment used in data transmission telecommunication industrial technology solar power automotive electronics commercial vehicles aerospace and defense health technology and solid state lighting 83 Environmental and safety record EditBloomberg reports that from 1999 to 2003 Koch Industries was assessed more than 400 million in fines penalties and judgements 33 Daniel Indiviglio in a reaction piece appearing in The Atlantic argues that the Bloomberg article is biased and misleading asserting that the Bloomberg team only found eight instances of alleged misconduct by a giant multinational over the span of 63 years 84 The eight instances mentioned by Bloomberg include In October 1994 a pipeline broke and discharged over 90 000 gallons of crude oil into Gum Hollow Creek in Refugio County Texas Heavy rains carried the oil to the Nueces River and on into Nueces and Corpus Christi Bays The discharge oiled terrestrial and aquatic vegetation birds sediments soils and other biota The Consent Decree was held up for some time due to a DOJ criminal case with Koch Pipeline regarding non and under reporting of discharges The criminal case was settled in March 2000 and the assessment completed 85 In 1996 an 8 inch diameter steel LPG pipeline operated by Koch Pipeline Company ruptured near Lively Texas a community about 50 miles southeast of Dallas and began leaking butane gas The vapor cloud ignited when two teenaged residents drove their pickup truck across a creek near the pipeline while on their way to a neighbor s house to call 9 1 1 and report the smell of gas The two were killed in the explosion and approximately 25 families were later evacuated from the neighborhood without injury 86 87 88 An investigation conducted by the NTSB found that the pipe section which failed had not been shown to have excessive corrosion in a 1995 inspection Regulations at the time did not provide criteria for adequate cathodic protection 89 86 In 1999 a Texas jury found that negligence had led to the rupture of the Koch pipeline and awarded the victims families 296 million 33 In March 1999 Koch Petroleum Group acknowledged that it had negligently discharged hundreds of thousands of gallons of aviation fuel into wetlands from its refinery in Rosemount Minnesota and that it had illegally dumped a million gallons of high ammonia wastewater onto the ground and into the Mississippi River Koch Petroleum paid a 6 million fine and 2 million in remediation costs and was ordered to serve three years of probation 90 In 2000 as a result of 312 oil spills attributed to Koch and its subsidiaries across six states Koch paid what was at the time the largest civil fine ever imposed on a company under any federal environmental law for the illegal discharge of crude oil and petroleum products 91 92 93 Koch disputed the EPA figures saying the EPA did not file claims in over half of the 312 alleged cases and further that Many of these alleged spills are not even listed in the EPA s own oil spill data base 94 In a settlement with the U S Justice Department and the state of Texas which included leaks that occurred as the result of third party actions like digging the company agreed to pay a 30 million civil penalty improve its leak prevention programs and spend 5 million on environmental projects 93 95 96 97 In September 2000 a federal grand jury returned a 97 count indictment against Koch Industries and four individual employees for environmental crimes relating to alleged violations of the Clean Air Act and the measurement and control of benzene emissions from the West Plant in Corpus Christi Texas 98 99 A superseding indictment followed in January 2001 In April 2001 Koch pleaded guilty to one count related to wastewater reporting it had self reported to the government in 1995 according to the company 100 Koch Industries was fined 20 million of which 10 million was a criminal fine and 10 million to be used for special projects to improve the environment in Corpus Christi 101 102 103 In December 2000 the Justice Department and EPA signed a Consent Decree with Koch Petroleum Group to spend an estimated 80 million to install up to date pollution control equipment at two refineries in Corpus Christi Tex and one near St Paul Minn reducing emissions from stacks leaking valves wastewater vents and flares Koch also will pay a 4 5 million penalty to settle Clean Air Act violations and other environmental claims at its Minnesota refinery The State of Minnesota has joined in the settlement with the United States 104 In June 2003 the US Commerce Department fined Flint Hills Resources a 200 000 civil penalty The fine settled charges that the company exported crude petroleum from the US to Canada without proper US government authorization The Commerce Department s Bureau of Industry and Security said from July 1997 to March 1999 Koch Petroleum later called Flint Hills Resources committed 40 violations of Export Administration Regulations 105 According to the environmental documentary Company Town film released in 2016 improper waste disposal by the Georgia Pacific Paper Mill in Crossett Arkansas caused a cluster of cancer incidents in the area around the mill 106 In 2005 Koch s Flint Hills Resources refinery was recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency s Clean Air Awards program for reducing air emissions by 50 percent even while expanding operations 107 The EPA has worked with Flint Hills Resources to develop strategies for curtailing so called upset emissions in what agency and company sources say could lead to guidance to minimize such emissions from petroleum refineries and other industrial facilities 108 The EPA described the process as a model for other companies 109 In 2004 Koch Industries bought a refinery in North Pole Alaska that tapped the Trans Alaska Pipeline and produced heating and jet fuels and other products 110 In 2006 Flint Hills Resources was fined nearly 16 000 by the EPA for 10 separate violations of the Clean Air Act at that facility and was required to spend another 60 000 on safety equipment needed to help prevent future violations 111 110 In January 2020 after a trial that had begun in October 2019 a Fairbanks Alaska Superior Court judge pro tem ordered Williams Alaska Petroleum previous owner of the refinery to pay 29 4 million for costs and damages related to contaminating drinking water wells supplying hundreds of residents with sulfolane the problem first discovered in 2009 110 The judge separately ordered Williams to pay future response costs and partially reimburse Flint Hills Resources LLC for the more than 130 million it had spent to provide clean water to affected residents The judge allocated 75 of the spill liability to Williams and 25 to Flint Hills in the trial that determined the allocation of responsibility The Alaska Attorney General s office commented We re pleased that the court affirmed the basic principle that under Alaska law the polluter pays Williams Flint Hills and the state had been in litigation regarding the sulfolane plume for nearly a decade 110 Koch Industries won the 2015 Conservation Education Award from the Wildlife Habitat Council and has partnered with the company on conservation efforts for the past 15 years 112 Between 2009 and 2015 Koch companies earned 1 085 awards for safety environmental excellence community stewardship innovation and customer service from various government agencies businesses environmental organizations trade associations and charitable organizations around the world 113 Political activity EditSee also KochPAC and Political activities of the Koch brothers Fred C Koch was one of the organizers of the John Birch Society in 1958 114 According to OpenSecrets many of Koch Industries contributions have gone toward achieving legislation on taxes energy and nuclear power defense appropriations and financial regulatory reform 115 Koch Industries has been criticized by the environmentalist group Greenpeace for the role they allege the company plays in affecting climate change policy in the United States 116 117 Prior to 2008 a Canadian subsidiary of Koch Industries contributed to the Fraser Institute a conservative Canadian public policy think tank according to the Institute s founder 118 The company has opposed the regulation of financial derivatives limits on greenhouse gases 33 and sponsors free market foundations and causes 119 120 Koch Industries has come out against Low Carbon Fuel Standards 121 According to Koch Industries LCFS would cripple refiners that rely on heavy crude feedstocks to provide the transportation fuels that keep America moving 122 The Koch Industries website includes an opinion piece from The Wall Street Journal by Charles Koch titled Why Koch Industries is Speaking Out 123 The article states Because of our activism we ve been vilified by various groups Despite this criticism we re determined to keep contributing and standing up for those politicians like Wisconsin Gov Scott Walker who are taking these challenges deficit spending by governments seriously The company also funds the political action committee KochPAC In a 2014 opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal Charles Koch wrote about his beliefs on a free society saying A truly free society is based on a vision of respect for people and what they value In a truly free society any business that disrespects its customers will fail and deserves to do so The same should be true of any government that disrespects its citizens The central belief and fatal conceit of the current administration are that you are incapable of running your own life but those in power are capable of running it for you This is the essence of big government and collectivism 124 In February 2016 Charles Koch wrote an opinion piece for The Washington Post titled This is the one issue where Bernie Sanders is right in which he argued that Democrats and Republicans have too often favored policies and regulations that pick winners and losers This helps perpetuate a cycle of control dependency cronyism and poverty in the United States 125 According to watchdog group Documented in 2020 Koch Industries contributed 375 000 to the Rule of Law Defense Fund a fund raising arm of the Republican Attorneys General Association 126 See also Edit Companies portalEnergy in the United States Koch family Koch family foundations List of largest companies by revenue Petrochemical industry Petroleum in the United StatesReferences Edit a b c Koch Industries What We Do Koch Industries Archived from the original on March 14 2018 a b c America s Largest Private Companies Forbes a b Elaine Marshall Forbes Archived from the original on October 4 2017 What we re about Koch Industries a b Koch Industries Companies Overview Koch Industries Archived from the original on July 27 2017 a b Summary of Koch Industries History sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission November 14 2005 Archived from the original on June 4 2011 Retrieved February 18 2010 Wayne Leslie April 28 1998 Brother Versus Brother Koch Family s Long Legal Feud Is Headed for a Jury The New York Times Archived from the original on March 26 2018 The Billionaire s Party New York August 2010 Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Dissecting the Kochtopus The Economist June 7 2014 Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Guerrera Francesco May 25 2007 Lunch with the FT Charles Koch Financial Times Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Baukal Charles E Jr 2018 The Slipcover for The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook Volume I Boca Raton FL CRC Press pp xliii ISBN 978 1 4398 3962 1 a b c d Daniel Fisher March 13 2006 Mr Big Forbes Archived from the original on August 12 2017 Koch Charles C 2007 The Science of Success How Market Based Management Built the World s Largest Private Company John Wiley amp Sons Inc p 6 ISBN 978 0 470 13988 2 Koch Fred C 1960 A Business Man Looks at Communism Wichita Kansas Hamburger Tom Koch Industries responds to Nazi allegations in forthcoming book chicagotribune com Retrieved December 7 2021 Mayer Jane 2016 Dark Money the Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right New York ISBN 978 0 385 53559 5 OCLC 929917321 Hidden History Of Koch Brothers Traces Their Childhood And Political Rise NPR org Retrieved December 7 2021 J Howard Marshall II 1994 Done in Oil An Autobiography College Station Texas A amp M University Press p 254 ISBN 978 0 89096 533 7 Bruce Upbin Brandon Copple December 14 1998 Creative destruction 101 Forbes Koch Charles G 2007 The Science of Success How Market Based Management Built the World s Largest Private Company Hoboken NJ John Wiley amp Sons p 7 ISBN 978 0 470 13988 2 Fee Christopher R Webb Jeffrey B 2019 Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories in American History 2 volumes Santa Barbara CA ABC CLIO p 369 ISBN 978 1 4408 5811 6 John Lincoln 1989 Rich Grass and Sweet Water College Station Texas A amp M University Press ISBN 978 0 89096 387 6 a b Koch Charles C 2007 The Science of Success How Market Based Management Built the World s Largest Private Company Wiley p 6 ISBN 978 0 470 13988 2 Fisher Daniel December 5 2012 Inside The Koch Empire How The Brothers Plan To Reshape America Forbes J Howard Marshall II 1994 Done in Oil An Autobiography College Station Texas A amp M University Press p 254 ISBN 978 0 89096 533 7 Hayes Thomas C August 23 1979 Chrysler Is Selling Its Realty Subsidiary The New York Times Wayne Leslie April 28 1998 Brother Versus Brother Koch Family s Long Legal Feud Is Headed for a Jury The New York Times Archived from the original on March 26 2018 Wayne Leslie December 7 1986 BROTHERS AT ODDS The New York Times Koch makes acquisition in KoSa American City Business Journals September 25 2001 Botti Timothy J 2006 Envy of the World A History of the U S Economy amp Big Business New York Algora Publishing p 462 ISBN 0 87586 431 7 Koch completes Georgia Pacific tender offer American City Business Journals December 20 2005 Archived from the original on April 28 2018 Wayne Leslie November 15 2005 Koch Industries and Georgia Pacific May Be a Perfect Fit The New York Times Archived from the original on March 2 2018 subscription required a b c d Loder Asjylyn David Evans October 3 2011 Koch Brothers Flout Law With Secret Iran Sales Bloomberg Markets Magazine Archived from the original on October 5 2011 Retrieved October 5 2011 Rubin Jennifer October 3 2011 Koch responds to Bloomberg The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 6 2011 Retrieved October 5 2011 Heck Josh September 1 2010 Wichita s Koch Industries approved for federal early retiree program American City Business Journals Archived from the original on January 5 2016 Turner Nick Moritz Scott September 9 2013 Molex Will Be Acquired by Koch Industries for 7 2 Billion Bloomberg L P Archived from the original on April 1 2016 Acquisition of Flint Group by Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking Division and Koch Industries Subsidiary Is Complete Flint Group September 5 2014 Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Koch Goldman agree to buy ink maker Flint in 3 billion deal Reuters April 10 2014 Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Sullivan Sean June 6 2014 Koch brothers donate 25 million to United Negro College Fund The Washington Post Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Mock Brentin June 20 2014 Why are the Kochs giving 25 million to poor black college students Grist Archived from the original on March 3 2018 UNCF Celebrates Three Year Partnership Helping Students Get to and Through College With the UNCF Koch Scholars Program United Negro College Fund September 8 2016 Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Koch Industries completes purchase of Oplink Communications Kansas City Star Associated Press December 24 2014 Archived from the original on March 2 2018 Schouten Fredreka April 27 2015 Koch Industries drops criminal history question from job applications USA Today Archived from the original on March 20 2016 Retrieved March 31 2016 McCoy Daniel November 11 2015 Koch Industries to boost support for military employees American City Business Journals Koch Industries on the Forbes America s Best Employers By State List Forbes Retrieved November 5 2019 America s Best Employers By State 2021 Forbes Retrieved February 21 2022 Hensel Anna March 8 2018 What Koch Disruptive Technologies is looking for in its investments VentureBeat JONES JEFFREY August 14 2019 Koch Industries sells its oil sands properties to Paramount The Globe and Mail Morgan Geoffrey August 14 2019 Billionaire Koch brothers dump Canada s oilsands leases as foreign exodus continues Financial Post Mangan Dan December 9 2021 Fox News mogul Rupert Murdoch and wife buy Koch family s 200 million Montana ranch CNBC LONE STAR LAND STEWARD Ecoregion Award Winners Texas Archived from the original on March 2 2018 HENDERSON GREG December 2 2020 Koch Lists 10 000 Acre Flint Hills Ranch Drovers Magazine Koch Industries Agrees to Acquire All of Infor Press release Infor February 4 2020 Miller Ron April 6 2020 Koch Industries closes nearly 13B Infor acquisition TechCrunch Fairless Tom December 10 2014 New Leak Shows Scope of Luxembourg Corporate Tax Deals The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on March 2 2018 subscription required a b Flint Hills Resources What We Do Flint Hills Resources Dembicki Geoff March 22 2011 The Kochs Oil Sands Billionaires Bankrolling US Right The Tyee Archived from the original on March 26 2011 Wiggins Phillip H September 25 1981 SUN TO SELL A REFINERY TO KOCH The New York Times KOCH TO BUY KERR MCGEE S TEXAS REFINERY Oil amp Gas Journal June 19 1995 Flint Hills Resources Completes Purchase of PetroLogistics Press release Business Wire July 16 2014 Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Wilson Bill July 16 2014 Koch unit completes 2 1B purchase of PetroLogistics American City Business Journals Archived from the original on July 20 2014 Koch Pipeline Koch Industries Archived from the original on October 18 2017 KOCH ACQUIRES 9 271 MILE UNITED GAS PIPE LINE Oil amp Gas Journal November 16 1992 Koch Buys Gas Pipeline The New York Times November 10 1992 Georgia Pacific Locations Gp com Archived from the original on September 24 2013 Retrieved January 19 2016 One World The Guardian Archived from the original on August 25 2017 Retrieved August 24 2017 Koch Industries to Combine Invista With KoSa Independent Commodity Intelligence Services November 24 2019 Retrieved November 25 2019 Koch completes takeover of KoSa Rubber amp Plastics news November 14 2001 Retrieved November 25 2019 Koch Industries Koch Ag amp Energy Solutions Archived from the original on March 25 2016 Retrieved March 30 2016 a b c Koch Charles G 2015 Good Profit How Creating Value for Others Built One of the World s Most Successful Companies Crown Publishing Group ISBN 978 1101904145 Retrieved March 30 2016 Koch Fertilizer LLC Kochfertilizer com Archived from the original on January 11 2016 Retrieved January 19 2016 Levine Yasha September 1 2010 7 Ways the Koch Bros Benefit from Corporate Welfare New York Observer Archived from the original on December 31 2014 Fertilizers Archived from the original on December 5 2010 Retrieved December 16 2010 Koch Industries says no word on Venezuela takeover Reuters October 11 2010 Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Koch Fertilizer Announces New Holding Company www kochagenergy com Archived from the original on October 11 2015 Retrieved September 7 2015 Koch Industries Koch Chemical Technology Group Ltd Archived from the original on March 25 2016 Retrieved March 30 2016 Bloomberg L P Company Overview of Koch Chemical Technology Group LLC Archived from the original on April 11 2016 Retrieved March 30 2016 Koch Glitsch Mass transfer and mist elimination equipment design and manufacture www koch glitsch com Archived from the original on July 26 2016 Retrieved July 19 2016 Pages eta process plant www koch glitsch com Archived from the original on July 10 2016 Retrieved July 19 2016 Koch Modular Process Systems Chemical Engineering Experts KMPS Koch Modular Process Systems Archived from the original on July 12 2016 Retrieved July 19 2016 Koch Industries Koch Minerals Archived from the original on March 25 2016 Retrieved March 30 2016 Koch Industries Koch Supply amp Trading Archived from the original on April 4 2016 Retrieved March 30 2016 Molex Molex Bloomberg s Expose on Koch Industries Reveals What Exactly The Atlantic October 4 2011 Archived from the original on January 5 2016 Retrieved January 19 2016 Koch Pipeline Gum Hollow Oil Spill PDF FWS gov Archived from the original PDF on July 6 2017 Retrieved May 10 2017 a b The saga of the Koch industries Jacksonville Journal Courier May 1 2015 Retrieved September 21 2021 Pipeline burns on after killing teens UPI Retrieved September 21 2021 2 Texas teens killed when truck ignites gas SouthCoastToday com The Associated Press Archived from the original on September 21 2021 Retrieved September 21 2021 NTSB November 6 1998 Pipeline Accident Summary Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on January 29 2016 Retrieved March 8 2013 Koch Petroleum Group Sentenced for Minnesota Pollution Press release Environmental Protection Agency March 9 2000 Archived from the original on May 21 2010 Retrieved June 14 2010 Singer Merrill October 3 2018 Climate Change and Social Inequality The Health and Social Costs of Global Warming Routledge ISBN 978 1 351 59481 3 via Google Books Leonard Christopher October 6 2020 Kochland The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America Simon and Schuster p 189 ISBN 978 1 4767 7539 5 via Google Books a b Koch Agrees to 35 Million Settlement in Two Environmental Cases Safety Online January 17 2000 Archived from the original on July 15 2011 Vandewater Bob April 18 1995 3 Agencies File Suit Against Koch Government Claims 300 Oil Spills Occurred The Oklahoman Archived from the original on August 27 2014 Retrieved June 30 2015 EPA Koch Industries Inc Oil Spills Settlement Archived from the original on April 13 2013 Koch Pipeline Company L P Newsroom Kochpipeline com January 13 2000 Archived from the original on July 13 2011 Retrieved 2011 07 23 Ralph K M Haurwitz and Jeff Nesmith July 23 2001 Austin news sports weather Longhorns business Statesman com Archived from the original on November 1 2010 Retrieved July 23 2011 ENRD Koch Industries Indicted for Environmental Crimes at Refinery Archived from the original on August 27 2014 U S Indicts Koch Industries on Pollution Violations in Texas The New York Times September 29 2000 Archived from the original on February 5 2017 Koch Industries Long settled Issues PDF Archived from the original PDF on July 1 2015 Retrieved July 1 2015 Koch Pleads Guilty to Covering up Environmental Violations at Texas Oil Refinery justice gov U S Department of Justice April 9 2001 Archived from the original on December 1 2009 Retrieved May 30 2010 Koch Petroleum Fined 20 Million in Pollution Case Archived June 18 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times April 10 2001 Don Richards January 22 2001 DOJ Reduces Indictments Against Koch Industries ICIS Koch Petroleum Group L P Refinery Settlement www epa gov May 9 2013 Archived from the original on May 5 2017 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Bureau of Industry and Security Commerce Department Fines Kansas Firm for Unlicensed Petroleum Exports Archived from the original on June 21 2013 Goldstein Gary December 7 2017 Company Town takes aim at factory owners in Arkansas Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 9 2018 Jessica Harper November 18 2009 Flint Hills is coming out of murky waters Dakota County Tribune Dakota County Minnesota Archived from the original on May 24 2011 Pact With Oil Company May Help EPA Develop Guide On Upset Emissions Inside EPA August 27 2004 Archived from the original on February 24 2018 subscription required Flint Hills Resources LP Agrees to Transition Its Texas Flexible Permits to Federally Approved Clean Air Act Permits Transition affects facilities in Corpus Christi Port Arthur and Longview EPA Archived from the original on May 7 2011 Retrieved April 27 2011 a b c d Former owner of North Pole refinery ordered to pay over 29 million in water pollution case Anchorage Daily News Dan Joling Associated Press January 4 2020 Retrieved January 8 2020 12 13 2006 EPA fines Flint Hills Resources Alaska LLC nearly 16 000 for Clean Air Act violations Yosemite epa gov Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved January 19 2016 McCoy Daniel November 24 2015 Koch wins conservation education award Wichita Business Journal Archived from the original on January 15 2017 Retrieved March 29 2016 Spain Ken September 9 2015 Koch Companies Surpass 1 000 Awards Earned Since 2009 Koch News Archived from the original on April 1 2016 Retrieved March 31 2016 Hoover s 500 Profiles of America s Largest Business Enterprises Hoover s Business Press 1996 p 286 ISBN 978 1 57311 009 9 In 1929 Koch took his process to the Soviet Union but he grew disenchanted with Stalinism and returned home to become a founding member of the anti communist John Birch Society Koch Industries Summary OpenSecrets Archived from the original on January 8 2016 Retrieved January 19 2016 Vidal John March 30 2010 US oil company donated millions to climate skeptic groups says Greenpeace The Guardian London Archived from the original on December 1 2016 Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine Global Warming Washington Greenpeace March 29 2010 Archived from the original on April 1 2010 Retrieved 2010 04 01 Ball David P April 27 2012 Fraser Institute co founder confirms years and years of U S oil billionaires funding Vancouver Observer Archived from the original on February 23 2018 Zernike Kate October 19 2010 Secretive Republican Donors Are Planning Ahead New York Times Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved March 19 2015 Wayne Leslie November 20 1994 Pulling the Wraps Off Koch Industries New York Times Archived from the original on April 26 2017 Their donations reflect their belief in libertarian and free market philosophies or their personal interests Dembicki Geoff March 22 2011 The Kochs Oil Sands Billionaires Bankrolling US Right The Tyee Vancouver B C Archived from the original on March 26 2011 Retrieved August 21 2011 Koch Low Carbon Fuel Standards Archived from the original on October 8 2011 Koch Charles March 1 2011 Why Koch Industries Is Speaking Out Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on September 9 2015 Koch Charles G April 2 2014 Charles Koch I m Fighting to Restore a Free Society The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on March 31 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 Koch Charles G February 18 2016 Charles Koch This is the one issue where Bernie Sanders is right The Washington Post Archived from the original on March 21 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 Corey Jamie January 7 2021 Republican Attorneys General Dark Money Group Organized Protest Preceding Capitol Attack Documented Retrieved January 11 2021 Further reading EditLeonard Christopher 2019 Kochland The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 9781476775388 OCLC 1110726946 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koch Industries Official website Koch Industries companies grouped at OpenCorporates Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Koch Industries amp oldid 1136118156, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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