Oklahoma House of Representatives

The Oklahoma House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Its members introduce and vote on bills and resolutions, provide legislative oversight for state agencies, and help to craft the state's budget. The upper house of the Oklahoma Legislature is the Oklahoma Senate.

Oklahoma House of Representatives
Oklahoma State Legislature
Type
Type	Lower house
Term limits	12-year cumulative total, in either or both chambers
History
New session started	2023
Leadership
Speaker	Charles McCall (R) since January 3, 2017
Speaker pro tempore	Kyle Hilbert (R) since February 8, 2022
Majority Leader	Josh West (R) since January 5, 2021
Minority Leader	Cyndi Munson (D) since November 16, 2022
Structure
Seats	101
Political groups	Majority   Republican (81) Minority   Democratic (20)
Length of term	2 years
Authority	Article V, Oklahoma Constitution
Salary	$38,400/year + per diem
Elections
Last election	November 8, 2022 (101 seats)
Next election	November 5, 2024 (101 seats)
Redistricting	Legislative control
Meeting place
House of Representatives Chamber Oklahoma State Capitol Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Website
Oklahoma House of Representatives

The Oklahoma Constitution established the powers of the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 1907. Voters further amended those powers through constitutional referendums. One referendum required legislators to balance the annual state budget. Others specified the length and dates of the legislative session. Today, there are 101 House members, each representing a legislative district. District boundaries are redrawn every decade to ensure districts of equal population. Members must be 21 years of age at the time of election and a qualified elector and a resident of the legislative district to serve in the House. The state holds district elections every two years coincident with federal elections and special elections to fill vacant seats. The House meets from early February until the last Friday in May. Members elect a Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives as the presiding officer and a Speaker Pro Tempore, who serves as the presiding officer in the absence of the speaker. Members organize in political party-based caucuses to develop partisan policy agendas.

After the 2022 election, Republicans hold a supermajority of the House seats in the 59th Oklahoma Legislature.

History

Early years

The Oklahoma Constitution established both the Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate in 1907. It met in Guthrie until 1910.^[1] William H. Murray was the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Less than 50 legislative employees aided lawmakers in the first year.^[2]

A weakening of the Democratic coalition leading up to the 1908 election allowed Republicans to make gains in the Oklahoma House. Republicans gained an even third of the legislative seats.^[3] The largest gains came in Holdenville, Okmulgee, and Guthrie, each of which had a sizable African-American population.^[3]

The Oklahoma Democratic lawmakers of the early 1900s opposed integration. The first legislature passed legislation that made it almost impossible for African-Americans to vote.^[3] The legislature's first African-American member, A. C. Hamlin, served only one term, though he did gain the support of his fellow lawmakers to fund an African-American school in his district and create more equal accommodations for black and white railroad passengers.^[4]

The Democratic Party also pushed to make Oklahoma City the capital over Guthrie, a Republican and African-American voting stronghold.^[3]

In 1913, a House investigative committee forced the resignation of the state auditor and impeached the state printer and insurance commissioner.^[2] The legislature at the time included Democratic members who were angry at then Governor Lee Cruce over his veto of a redistricting plan that would have gerrymandered Congressional districts and his attempt to remove public institutions established by earlier legislatures.^[5] Cruce escaped an impeachment trial by one vote of the House investigative committee.^[5]

Women earned the right to vote in Oklahoma in 1918 through a constitutional amendment approved by voters.^[6] In 1920, Bessie S. McColgin became the first woman elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives. A Republican, McColgin and her female colleague in the Oklahoma Senate, focused on the passage of public health bills, but failed in many of their efforts.^[7]

After eight Democratic-controlled Legislatures, Republicans took the majority from 1921 to 1922 and elected George B. Schwabe as Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.^[8] The Republican-dominated House brought impeachment charges against Lieutenant Governor Martin Trapp and narrowly failed to approve impeachment charges against both the state treasurer and Oklahoma Governor James Roberts. The Democratic-dominated Senate did not sustain the impeachment charges against Trapp.^[9]

Members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives voted eleven articles of impeachment against Governor Henry S. Johnston, which led to his expulsion from office.^[10]

1930s through 1950s

A severe drought beginning in 1932 in western Oklahoma combined with land consolidation and mechanization in eastern Oklahoma drove farmers out of the state and left others in economic distress.^[11] Legislatures of the 1930s battled with governors William H. Murray and Ernest W. Marland, targeting Murray's efforts to generate relief for farmers and Marland's proposals to create a state public works program, reform the tax code and create unemployment insurance.^[11] Lawmakers did enact an old age pension system funded by a dedicated sales tax.^[11] The rejection of providing state matching funds for New Deal projects resulted in fewer projects.^[11] A conservative reaction developed in Oklahoma in the late 1930s and rejected further New Deal programs.^[11]

In 1941, Governor Leon C. Phillips pushed the state legislature to send a constitutional amendment to voters to force the Oklahoma House of Representatives to approve a balanced budget each year.^[12] Ever since voters approved the state question, the state legislature has been constitutionally required to pass a balanced budget.

The number of Republican Party seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives plummeted in the 1930s.^[13]

1960s to present

The legislative sessions held by the Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate changed due to two key legislative reforms in 1966 and 1989. In 1966, Oklahomans voted to institute 90-day annual sessions.^[14] An initiative petition championed by Governor Henry Bellmon in 1989 further required the legislative sessions to end by 5 p.m. on the last Friday in May.^[2]

After earlier attempts to raise legislative pay failed, voters approved a state question in 1968 to create a board to set legislative compensation. It set compensation at $8,400 that year.^[2]

State legislators enacted Oklahoma's open meeting and open records laws in 1977, but made the Oklahoma House of Representatives exempt.^[15]

A shift in the behavior of Oklahoma voters occurred, beginning in the 1960s. Registered Democrats began to more often vote Republican at the federal level and later at state level. As partisan debate became more polarizing, southern states including Oklahoma abandoned old voting patterns of supporting the Democratic party.^[16] After the 2004 Presidential Election, Republicans gained control of the House for the first time since 1921.^[17] In 2010, Republicans gained a large majority of 70 seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.^[18] Following the 2018 general election, Republicans gained the largest majority in state history with 76 of the 101 seats. This also includes the largest ever freshman class, with 46 new representatives.^[19]

Powers and legislative process

The Oklahoma House and the Oklahoma Senate are responsible for introducing and voting on bills and resolutions, providing legislative oversight for state agencies, and helping to craft the state's budget.^[1] Every ten years, legislators are responsible for designating new district boundaries for state electoral districts, along with Congressional districts. The governor must sign these bills into law, or a statewide panel convenes to draw the disputed lines.^[20]

Legislators, with staff support, develop and file bills prior to the legislative session. Bill sponsors submit requests for bill drafting to the professional staff of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The staff ensure bills have proper legal language and meet constitutional requirements. The bills are filed electronically with the Clerk of the House's office by a designated filing deadline. Since 1999, members of the Oklahoma House are limited to a maximum of eight bills that will receive a hearing.^[21]

A proposal may be introduced as a bill, a joint resolution, a concurrent resolution, or a simple resolution.^[22] Legislators use joint resolutions to propose a constitutional amendment. Concurrent resolutions (passed by both houses) and simple resolutions (passed by only one house) do not have the force of law. Instead, they serve to express the opinion of approving house of houses, or to regulate procedure. Article 5 Section 33 of the Oklahoma Constitution requires bills for raising revenue to originate in the Oklahoma House.

 

Oklahoma State Capitol

 

House of Representatives' Chamber

The Oklahoma House meets in regular session in the west wing of the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City, from the first Monday in February to the last Friday in May. Special sessions may be called by the governor, or by a written call signed by two-thirds of the members of each chamber of the Legislature.

Bills receive a First Reading when they are published in the House Journal. They then undergo a Second Reading upon assignment to committee. The committee system is designed to screen out legislation that is, in the committee's judgment, unnecessary or not ready for passage.^[21]

Committees either stop the progress of a bill or approve it for consideration on the floor of the House. When a bill is called up on the floor, either the principal author or a designated member will be recognized for the explanation of the bill. Typically, after questions from other members, the bill is advanced to Third Reading and a vote is taken on final passage.^[21]

Fifty-one votes are required for bill passage on the floor of the Oklahoma House. Lawmakers also vote on whether or not to make the bill effective upon signature of the governor, which requires a two-thirds majority. Action on the floor is recorded in the House Journal.^[21]

Once approved on Third Reading, which is the name for this stage of the floor process, approved bills are sent to the Oklahoma Senate. If amended, bills will return to the Oklahoma House of Representatives for an acceptance of the Senate amendment(s) or to work out the differences in a conference committee, but can go directly to the governor after Senate passage.^[21]

The Oklahoma House is not subject to the state's open meeting and open records laws due to provisions to exempt the state legislature in the 1977-enacted laws.^[15]

Party composition

↓
81	20
Republican	Democratic

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)		Total
	Republican	Democratic		Vacant
54th Legislature	72	29	101	0
55th Legislature	71	30	101	0
Begin 56th Legislature	75	26	101	0
End 56th Legislature	72	27	99	2
Begin 57th Legislature	76	25	101	0
December 6, 2018^[23]	77	24	101	0
Begin 58th Legislature	82	19	101	0
January 21, 2022^[24]	82	18	100	1
Begin 59th Legislature	81	20	101	0
September 1, 2023^[25]	80	20	100	1
Latest voting share	80%	20%

Current members

 

Oklahoma House of Representatives districts after the November 6, 2018 elections.

District	Representative	Party	Residence	First elected
1	Eddy Dempsey	Republican	Valliant	2020
2	Jim Olsen	Republican	Sallisaw	2018
3	Rick West	Republican	Heavener	2020
4	Bob Ed Culver Jr.	Republican	Tahlequah	2020
5	Josh West	Republican	Grove	2016
6	Rusty Cornwell	Republican	Vinita	2018
7	Steve Bashore	Republican	Miami	2020
8	Tom Gann	Republican	Inola	2016
9	Mark Lepak	Republican	Claremore	2014
10	Judd Strom	Republican	Copan	2018
11	John Kane	Republican	Bartlesville	2022
12	Kevin McDugle	Republican	Broken Arrow	2016
13	Neil Hays	Republican	Checotah	2022
14	Chris Sneed	Republican	Fort Gibson	2018
15	Randy Randleman	Republican	Eufaula	2018
16	Scott Fetgatter	Republican	Okmulgee	2016
17	Jim Grego	Republican	McAlester	2018
18	David Smith	Republican	McAlester	2018
19	Justin Humphrey	Republican	Lane	2016
20	Sherrie Conley	Republican	Newcastle	2018
21	Cody Maynard	Republican	Durant	2022
22	Charles McCall	Republican	Atoka	2013
23	Terry O'Donnell	Republican	Catoosa	2013
24	Chris Banning	Republican	Bixby	2022
25	Ronny Johns	Republican	Ada	2018
26	Dell Kerbs	Republican	Shawnee	2016
27	Danny Sterling	Republican	Wanette	2018
28	Danny Williams	Republican	Seminole	2020
29	Kyle Hilbert	Republican	Depew	2016
30	Mark Lawson	Republican	Sapulpa	2016
31	Collin Duel	Republican	Guthrie	2022
32	Kevin Wallace	Republican	Wellston	2014
33	John Talley	Republican	Cushing	2018
34	Trish Ranson	Democratic	Stillwater	2018
35	Ty Burns	Republican	Morrison	2018
36	John George	Republican	Newalla	2022
37	Ken Luttrell	Republican	Ponca City	2018
38	John Pfeiffer	Republican	Orlando	2014
39	Vacant^[26]
40	Chad Caldwell	Republican	Enid	2014
41	Denise Crosswhite Hader	Republican	Enid	2018
42	Cynthia Roe	Republican	Purcell	2018
43	Jay Steagall	Republican	Yukon	2018
44	Jared Deck	Democratic	Norman	2022
45	Annie Menz	Democratic	Norman	2022
46	Jacob Rosecrants	Democratic	Norman	2017
47	Brian Hill	Republican	Mustang	2018
48	Tammy Townley	Republican	Ardmore	2018
49	Josh Cantrell	Republican	Kingston	2022
50	Marcus McEntire	Republican	Duncan	2016
51	Brad Boles	Republican	Marlow	2018
52	Gerrid Kendrix	Republican	Altus	2020
53	Mark McBride	Republican	Moore	2013
54	Kevin West	Republican	Moore	2016
55	Nick Archer	Republican	Elk City	2022
56	Dick Lowe	Republican	Amber	2013
57	Anthony Moore	Republican	Weatherford	2020
58	Carl Newton	Republican	Woodward	2016
59	Mike Dobrinski	Republican	Kingfisher	2020
60	Rhonda Baker	Republican	Yukon	2016
61	Kenton Patzkowsky	Republican	Balko	2018
62	Daniel Pae	Republican	Lawton	2018
63	Trey Caldwell	Republican	Lawton	2018
64	Rande Worthen	Republican	Lawton	2016
65	Toni Hasenbeck	Republican	Elgin	2018
66	Clay Staires	Republican	Skiatook	2022
67	Jeff Boatman	Republican	Tulsa	2018
68	Lonnie Sims	Republican	Tulsa	2018
69	Mark Tedford	Republican	Tulsa	2022
70	Suzanne Schreiber	Democratic	Tulsa	2022
71	Amanda Swope	Democratic	Tulsa	2022
72	Monroe Nichols	Democratic	Tulsa	2016
73	Regina Goodwin	Democratic	Tulsa	2015
74	Mark Vancuren	Republican	Owasso	2018
75	T. J. Marti	Republican	Tulsa	2018
76	Ross Ford	Republican	Broken Arrow	2017
77	John Waldron	Democratic	Tulsa	2018
78	Meloyde Blancett	Democratic	Tulsa	2016
79	Melissa Provenzano	Democratic	Tulsa	2018
80	Stan May	Republican	Broken Arrow	2018
81	Mike Osburn	Republican	Edmond	2016
82	Nicole Miller	Republican	Oklahoma City	2018
83	Eric Roberts	Republican	Oklahoma City	2020
84	Tammy West	Republican	Bethany	2016
85	Cyndi Munson	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2015
86	David Hardin	Republican	Stilwell	2018
87	Ellyn Hefner	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2022
88	Mauree Turner	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2020
89	Arturo Alonso-Sandoval	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2022
90	Jon Echols	Republican	Oklahoma City	2013
91	Chris Kannady	Republican	Oklahoma City	2014
92	Forrest Bennett	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2016
93	Mickey Dollens	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2016
94	Andy Fugate	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2018
95	Max Wolfley	Republican	Oklahoma City	2020
96	Preston Stinson	Republican	Edmond	2020
97	Jason Lowe	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2016
98	Dean Davis	Republican	Broken Arrow	2018
99	Ajay Pittman	Democratic	Oklahoma City	2018
100	Marilyn Stark	Republican	Oklahoma City	2018
101	Robert Manger	Republican	Choctaw	2018

Notable past members

• Mary Fallin, 27th governor of Oklahoma, former U.S. Congresswoman
• Dan Boren, former U.S. Congressman
• Ernest Istook, former U.S. Congressman
• Jari Askins, 15th Oklahoma lieutenant governor, 1st female House minority leader
• Ken A. Miller, former Oklahoma treasurer
• Glen D. Johnson Jr., current Chancellor of Higher Education, former U.S. Congressman, former speaker of the House
• John Jarman, former U.S. Congressman
• Frank Keating, 25th governor of Oklahoma
• Henry Bellmon, 18th and 23rd governor of Oklahoma
• George Nigh, 17th and 22nd governor of Oklahoma
• David Boren, 21st governor of Oklahoma and former U.S. senator
• James C. Nance, Oklahoma community newspaper chain publisher and former Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate and member Uniform Law Commission
• Harry J. W. Belvin, longest serving Principal Chief of the Choctaw Nation served as both an Oklahoma Senator and a 3-term Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
• Leon C. Phillips, 11th governor of Oklahoma
• William H. Murray, 9th governor of Oklahoma
• John Newbold Camp, former U.S. Congressman
• Victor Wickersham, former U.S. Congressman
• A. C. Hamlin, first African-American in Oklahoma Legislature
• Todd Hiett, former speaker of the House and current corporation commissioner
• T. W. Shannon, first African-American speaker of the House
• Susan Winchester, first female speaker pro tempore of the House
• Pam Peterson, first female majority floor leader

Organization

Leadership in the state House begins two leaders elected by their fellow lawmakers - the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives and Speaker Pro Tempore.^[1] Party caucuses play a major role in this process by nominating candidates for key leadership positions.^[27]

The speaker appoints a majority floor leader and a majority whip. The majority floor leader sets the floor calendar during session.^[28] The duties of the majority whip are to assist the floor leader, ensure member attendance, count votes, and communicate the majority position on issues.^[28]

The speaker also names assistant floor leaders, assistant whips, and caucus officers. Additionally, the minority party caucus elects a minority leader. The minority leader develops caucus positions, negotiates with the majority party caucus, and directs minority caucus activities on the chamber floor.^[28]

The speaker appoints committee and subcommittee chairs and vice chairs.^[1] The majority floor leader selects an informal team that assists with management of legislation on the House Floor.^[1]

As of November 2018, The Oklahoma House of Representatives has 22 committees and 10 subcommittees.^[29]

A non-partisan staff provides professional services for members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives in addition to the Oklahoma Legislative Service Bureau. Individual members are also assisted by partisan staff members, and those in leadership positions have additional partisan staff.^[2] Committees are staffed primarily by research, fiscal and legal staff. The current Clerk of the House is Jan B. Harrison.^[30]

Membership

 

A.C. Hamlin, the first black member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

See also: Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives

Terms and qualifications

In order to file for election to the Oklahoma House of Representatives, one must be 21 years of age at the time of their election and a qualified elector and resident of their legislative district.^[31] Officers of the United States or state government and individuals who have been adjudged guilty of a felony are not eligible to election to the Oklahoma Legislature. If a member of the Oklahoma Legislature is expelled for corruption, they are not eligible to return to legislative office.^[32]

State representatives serve a two-year term and are limited to six terms or 12 years. No member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives can serve more than 12 years in the Oklahoma Legislature. A term-limited member can not run for election to the Senate as both Representative terms and Senate terms are added together in determining the total number of Legislative years in office.^[33]

Salaries and benefits

Members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives receive $38,400 in annual pay.^[34] The Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives receives $56,332 in annual pay. The Speaker Pro Tempore, minority leader and appropriations chair receive $50,764 in annual pay.^[34] Pay is set by a nine-member state board appointed by the governor, Speaker, and President Pro Tempore of the Oklahoma Senate.^[34]

State legislators can seek reimbursement for expenses related to meals, lodging, and travel related to their duties at any point during the year. They have access to benefits, including health and life insurance and retirement savings plans.^[34]

Current makeup

As of November 2018, members of the Republican Party hold a supermajority in the House, or three-fourths seats. There are 77 Republicans and 24 Democrats.^[35]

Representation

Originally, the House was apportioned according to a method spelled out in the state constitution, in which each county formed a legislative district. Representation was determined by taking the total population of the state, according to the most recent federal census, and that number was divided by one hundred, with the quotient equaling one ratio. Counties having a population less than one full ratio received one Representative; every county containing an entire ratio but less than two ratios was to be assigned two Representatives; every county containing a population of two entire ratios but less than three ratios was to be assigned three Representatives; and every county containing a population of three entire ratios but less than four ratios was to be assigned four Representatives. After the first four Representatives, a county was to qualify for additional representation on the basis of two whole ratios of population for each additional Representative.

In 1964, the United States Supreme Court ruled that this method violated the federal constitution, as it resulted in districts having wildly different populations. State lawmakers implemented a new method that continues to be used today. The Oklahoma House of Representatives must draw new district boundaries within 90 days of the latest Federal Decennial Census. Under the holding of Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) districts must be apportioned within a five percent margin of the average target size district as determined by the U.S. Census population figures divided by the one hundred and one districts. This allows for certain districts to be slightly smaller or larger than others. The Oklahoma House of Representatives draws its own maps of its district lines, which are subject to the approval of both the state senate and the governor. Should the redistricting not occur in the time limits prescribed by law, the lines are determined by a panel of five statewide elected officials.

Leadership

Office	Officer		Party	Since
Speaker of the House		Charles McCall	Rep	2017

Majority Leadership Party Office Officer Rep Speaker Pro Tempore Vacant Majority Floor Leader Jon Echols Majority Whip Tammy West Chair of the Appropriations and Budget Committee Kevin Wallace Vice Chair of the House Appropriations and Budget Committee Kyle Hilbert Majority Leader Josh West Deputy Majority Leader Trey Caldwell Deputy Majority Floor Leader John Pfeiffer Deputy Majority Floor Leader Dustin Roberts Majority Caucus Chair Sheila Dills Majority Caucus Vice Chair Rusty Cornwell Majority Caucus Secretary Denise Crosswhite Hader

Minority Leadership Party Office Officer Dem Minority Leader Emily Virgin Assistant Minority Floor Leader Forrest Bennet Minority Floor Leader Andy Fugate Minority Whip Mickey Dollens Minority Caucus Chair Cyndi Munson Minority Caucus Vice Chair Monroe Nichols Minority Caucus Secretary Trish Ranson Assistant Minority Floor Leader Regina Goodwin Assistant Minority Floor Leader John Waldron

^[36]

Past composition of the House of Representatives

Main article: Political party strength in Oklahoma

See also

• List of United States state legislatures
• Government of Oklahoma
• Oklahoma Senate

References

1. Farmer, Rick, "Legislature", 2015-01-17 at the Wayback Machine" Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (accessed June 23, 2010).
2. "A Century to Remember" 2012-09-10 at the Wayback Machine, Oklahoma House of Representatives (accessed April 24, 2013)
3. Scales, James R. and Danny Goble (1982). Oklahoma Politics: A History, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, p. 41-58.
4. Bruce, Michael L. "Hamlin, Albert Comstock (1881-1912)", Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society. (accessed April 17, 2013)
5. Gibson, Arrell Morgan (1972). Harlow's Oklahoma History, Sixth Ed. Harlow Publishing Corporation, Norman. OCLC 3404748
6. Reese, Linda W. Women, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed May 9, 2013)
7. Pappas, Christine. McColgin, Amelia Elizabeth Simison (1875-1972 2014-12-07 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed May 9, 2013)
8. Hannemann, Carolyn G. Schwabe, George Blaine (1886-1952) 2012-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. (accessed April 29, 2013)
9. O'Dell, Larry. Robertson, James Brooks Ayers (1871-1938) 2013-10-05 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (accessed May 11, 2013)
10. Burke, Bob. Johnston, Henry Simpson Archived 2013-07-05 at WebCite, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (accessed May 9, 2013)
11. Bryant Jr., Keith L. New Deal, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (accessed May 9, 2013)
12. Hudson, Geneva Johnston (AuthorHouse, 2005). Statesman or Rogue: Elected to Serve. ISBN 1-4208-2503-8
13. Gaddie, Ronald Keith. Republican Party 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (accessed May 9, 2013)
14. Kirkpatrick, Samuel A. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978). The Legislative Process in Oklahoma, p. 8. ISBN 0-8061-1421-5
15. Dean, Bryan. Oklahoma legislators consider making themselves subject to openness laws, Oklahoman, March 11, 2012. (accessed March 28, 2022)
16. Kirkpatrick, Samuel A., David R. Morgan and Thomas G. Kielhorn (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. The Oklahoma Voter. ISBN 0-8061-1391-X
17. McNutt, Michael. "Republicans select speaker designate" http://newsok.com/republicans-select-speaker-designate/article/2969390, The Oklahoman November 10, 2006.
18. McNutt, Michael. "Oklahoma's legislative leaders pledge to work with Democrats", The Oklahoman, November 7, 2010.
19. "Oklahoma House of Representatives elections, 2018". Ballotpedia.
20. Redistricting, Oklahoma House of Representatives (accessed May 14, 2013)
21. "Course of Bills", Oklahoma House of Representatives (accessed April 19, 2013)
22. Kirkpatrick, Samuel A. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978). The Legislative Process in Oklahoma, p. 109-111. ISBN 0-8061-1421-5
23. "Oklahoma state representative changes party affiliation". kfor.com. December 6, 2018.
24. "Oklahoma House Rep resigns over inappropriate actions". 20 January 2022.
25. "Oklahoma Rep. Ryan Martinez to resign from office following plea". 19 August 2023.
26. Ryan Martinez resigned after pleading guilty to a 2022 DUI.[1]
27. "Legislative Organization", Inside the Legislative Process, National Conference of State Legislatures. (accessed January 3, 2014)
28. "Legislative Organization: Legislative Leaders", Inside the Legislative Process, National Conference of State Legislatures. (accessed January 3, 2014)
29. http://www.okhouse.gov/Media/News_Story.aspx?NewsID=5174 , (accessed January 17, 2017).
30. "Legislative Committee Structure and Staffing Patterns", Southern Legislative Conference. (accessed January 3, 2014)
31. Article V, Section 17: Age - Qualified electors - Residents, Constitution of the State of Oklahoma at Oklahoma Legal Research System, University of Oklahoma College of Law (accessed May 3, 2010).
32. Section V-19: Expelled member ineligible - Punishment not to bar indictment, Constitution of the State of Oklahoma at Oklahoma Legal Research System, University of Oklahoma College of Law (accessed May 3, 2010).
33. Section V-17A: Limitation of time served in the Legislature, Constitution of the State of Oklahoma at Oklahoma Legal Research System, University of Oklahoma College of Law (accessed May 3, 2010).
34. 2013 Legislative Manual, Oklahoma House of Representatives, p. 24. (accessed May 16, 2013)
35. "Membership". Oklahoma House of Representatives. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
36. "House Leadership". Retrieved 12 April 2021.

External links

35°29′32″N 97°30′12″W / 35.49222°N 97.50333°W / 35.49222; -97.50333