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Tulsa County, Oklahoma

January 01, 1970

Tulsa County is located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279,[1] making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state.[2] Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory.

Tulsa County
County
Tulsa County Courthouse
Flag
Location within the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Oklahoma's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 36°07′N 95°56′W / 36.12°N 95.94°W / 36.12; -95.94
Country United States
State Oklahoma
Founded1907
Named forcity of Tulsa
SeatTulsa
Largest cityTulsa
Area
 • Total587 sq mi (1,520 km2)
 • Land570 sq mi (1,500 km2)
 • Water17 sq mi (40 km2)  2.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total669,279
 • Estimate 
(2022)
677,358
 • Density1,134/sq mi (438/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitewww.tulsacounty.org

Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area.

Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.[3]

History edit

The history of Tulsa County greatly overlaps the history of the city of Tulsa. This section addresses events that largely occurred outside the present city limits of Tulsa.

Lasley Vore Site edit

The Lasley Vore Site, along the Arkansas River south of Tulsa, was claimed by University of Tulsa anthropologist George Odell to be the most likely place where Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe first encountered a group of Wichita people in 1719. Odell's statement was based on finding both Wichita and French artifacts there during an architectural dig in 1988.

Old Fort Arbuckle edit

The U. S. Government's removal of Native American tribes from the southeastern United States to "Indian Territory" did not take into account how that would impact the lives and attitudes of the nomadic tribes that already used the same land as their hunting grounds. At first, Creek immigrants stayed close to Fort Gibson, near the confluence of the Arkansas and Verdigris rivers. However, the government encouraged newer immigrants to move farther up the Arkansas. The Osage tribe had agreed to leave the land near the Verdigris, but had not moved far and soon threatened the new Creek settlements.[4]

In 1831, a party led by Rev. Isaac McCoy and Lt. James L. Dawson blazed a trail up the north side of the Arkansas from Fort Gibson to its junction with the Cimarron River. In 1832, Dawson was sent again to select sites for military posts. One of his recommended sites was about two and a half miles downstream from the Cimarron River junction. The following year, Brevet Major George Birch and two companies of the 7th Infantry Regiment followed the "Dawson Road" to the aforementioned site. Flattering his former commanding officer, General Matthew Arbuckle, Birch named the site "Fort Arbuckle."[4][5]

According to Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the fort was about 8 miles (13 km) west of the present city of Sand Springs, Oklahoma.[6] Author James Gardner visited the site in the early 1930s. His article describing the visit includes an old map showing the fort located on the north bank of the Arkansas River near Sand Creek, just south of the line separating Tulsa County and Osage County. After ground was cleared and a blockhouse built, Fort Arbuckle was abandoned November 11, 1834. The remnants of stockade and some chimneys could still be seen nearly a hundred years later.[5] The site was submerged when Keystone Lake was built.

Battle of Chusto-Talasah edit

Main article Battle of Chusto-Talasah

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, many Creeks and Seminoles in Indian Territory, led by Opothleyahola, retained their allegiance to the U. S. Government. In November 1861, Confederate Col. Douglas H. Cooper led a Confederate force against the Union supporters with the purpose of either compelling their submission or driving them out of the country. The first clash, known as the Battle of Round Mountain, occurred November 19, 1861. Although the Unionists successfully withstood the attack and mounted a counterattack, the Confederates claimed a strategic victory because the Unionists were forced to withdraw.[7]

The next battle occurred December 9, 1861. Col. Cooper's force attacked the Unionists at Chusto-Talasah (Caving Banks) on the Horseshoe Bend of Bird Creek in what is now Tulsa County. The Confederates drove the Unionists across Bird Creek, but could not pursue, because they were short of ammunition. Still, the Confederates could claim victory.[7]

Coming of the railroads edit

The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad had extended its main line in Indian Territory from Vinita to Tulsa in 1883, where it stopped on the east side of the Arkansas River. The company, which later merged into the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway (familiarly known as the Frisco), then built a steel bridge across the river to extend the line to Red Fork. This bridge allowed cattlemen to load their animals onto the railroad west of the Arkansas instead of fording the river, as had been the practice previously. It also provided a safer and more convenient way to bring workers from Tulsa to the oil field after the 1901 discovery of oil in Red Fork.

Oil Boom edit

A wildcat well named Sue Bland No. 1 hit paydirt at 540 feet on June 25, 1901, as a gusher. The well was on the property of Sue A. Bland (née Davis), located near the community of Red Fork. Mrs. Bland was a Creek citizen and wife of Dr. John C. W. Bland, the first practicing physician in Tulsa. The property was Mrs. Bland's homestead allotment. Oil produced by the well was shipped in barrels to the nearest refinery in Kansas, where it was sold for $1.00 a barrel.[8]

Other producing wells followed soon after. The next big strike in Tulsa County was the Glenn Pool Oil Reserve in the vicinity of where Glenpool, Oklahoma was later founded..

Ironically, while the city of Tulsa claimed to be "Oil Capital of the World" for much of the 20th century, a city ordinance banned drilling for oil within the city limits.

Tulsa County Court House edit

In 1911–1912, Tulsa County built a court house in Tulsa on the northeast corner of Sixth Street and South Boulder Avenue. Yule marble was used in its construction. The land had previously been the site of a mansion owned by George Perryman and his wife. This was the court house where a mob of white residents gathered on May 31, 1921, threatening to lynch a young black man held in the top-floor jail. It was the beginning of the Tulsa Race Massacre.

An advertisement for bids specified that the building should be fireproof, built of either reinforced concrete or steel and concrete. The size was to be 120 by 120 feet (37 by 37 m) with three floors and a full basement. Cost of the building was not to exceed $200,000. The jail on the top floor was not to exceed $25,000.[9]

The building continued to serve until the present court house building (shown above) opened at 515 South Denver. The old building was then demolished and the land was sold to private investors. The land is now the site of the Bank of America building, completed in 1967.

1921 race riot edit

Main article: Tulsa race riot

In the early 20th century, Tulsa was home to the "Black Wall Street", one of the most prosperous Black communities in the United States at the time.[10] Located in the Greenwood neighborhood, it was the site of the Tulsa Race Massacre, said to be "the single worst incident of racial violence in American history",[11] in which mobs of white Tulsans killed black Tulsans, looted and robbed the black community, and burned down homes and businesses.[10] Sixteen hours of massacring on May 31 and June 1, 1921, ended only when National Guardsmen were brought in by the Governor. An official report later claimed that 23 Black and 16 white citizens were killed, but other estimates suggest as many as 300 people died, most of them Black.[10] Over 800 people were admitted to local hospitals with injuries, and an estimated 1000 Black people were left homeless as 35 city blocks, composed of 1,256 residences, were destroyed by fire. Property damage was estimated at $1.8 million.[10] Efforts to obtain reparations for survivors of the violence have been unsuccessful, but the events were re-examined by the city and state in the early 21st century, acknowledging the terrible actions that had taken place.[12]

Geography and climate edit

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 587 square miles (1,520 km2), of which 570 square miles (1,500 km2) is land and 17 square miles (44 km2) (2.9%) is water.[13]

The Arkansas River drains most of the county. Keystone Lake, formed by a dam on the Arkansas River, lies partially in the county. Bird Creek and the Caney River, tributaries of the Verdigris River drain the northern part of the county.[6]

Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F 79 90 96 102 96 103 112 110 109 98 87 80
Norm High °F 46.5 52.9 62.4 72.1 79.6 88 93.8 93.2 84.1 74 60 49.6
Norm Low °F 26.3 31.1 40.3 49.5 59 67.9 73.1 71.2 62.9 51.1 39.3 29.8
Rec Low °F -8 -11 -3 22 35 49 51 52 35 18 10 -8
Precip (in) 1.6 1.95 3.57 3.95 6.11 4.72 2.96 2.85 4.76 4.05 3.47 2.43
Source: USTravelWeather.com

Adjacent counties edit

Major highways edit

Transit edit

Demographics edit

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
191034,995—
1920109,023211.5%
1930187,57472.0%
1940193,3633.1%
1950251,68630.2%
1960346,03837.5%
1970401,66316.1%
1980470,59317.2%
1990503,3417.0%
2000563,29911.9%
2010603,4037.1%
2020669,27910.9%
2023 (est.)682,868[14]2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790-1960[16] 1900-1990[17]
1990-2000[18] 2010-2019[1]

At the census of 2010,[19] there were 603,403 people, 241,737 households, and 154,084 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,059 inhabitants per square mile (409/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 69.2% White, 10.7% Black or African American, 6.0% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.8% from other races, and 5.8% from two or more races. 11.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race (8.8% Mexican). 14.2% were of German, 12.3% Irish, 8.8% English, 8.5% American, 2.3% French, and 2.3% Scottish ancestries. 88.3% spoke English, 8.1% Spanish, and 0.4% Vietnamese as their first language.[20][21] At the 2020 census, its population grew to 669,279 people; in 2022, the American Community Survey estimated its population was 677,358. The 2021 estimated racial makeup of the county was 59.9% non-Hispanic white, 10.8% African American, 7.3% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 6.6% multiracial, and 13.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race.[22]

As of 2010, there were 241,737 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 29.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.07. In 2021, there were 295,350 households with a median house value of $168,800. The county had a median rent of $929.[22]

As of 2010 in the county, the population was spread out, with 26.30% under the age of 18, 10.00% from 18 to 24, 30.40% from 25 to 44, 21.60% from 45 to 64, and 11.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.90 males.

As of 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $47,005, and the median income for a family was $60,093. The per capita income for the county was $27,425. About 11.0% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.[23][24] Of the county's population over the age of 25, 29.2% held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 88.2% have a high school diploma or equivalent. As of 2021, its median household income was $60,382 and 14.7% of the population lived at or below the poverty line.[22]

Politics edit

Tulsa County is very conservative for an urban county; it has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1940.[25] The county's Republican bent predates Oklahoma's swing toward the GOP.

George H. W. Bush in 1992 remains the only Republican since Alf Landon in 1936 to fail to obtain a majority in the county, and even then only because of Ross Perot’s strong third-party candidacy. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat since Lyndon Johnson in 1964 to win more than 40% of the vote in Tulsa County, and only the second to do so since 1948. It is one of only two counties in the state, alongside Oklahoma County, where Biden outperformed Southerner Jimmy Carter's 1976 margin, when he narrowly lost the state.

In 2022, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Joy Hofmeister narrowly carried the county, 49.1-48.9, against incumbent Republican Kevin Stitt.[26] This was the first time Tulsa County had backed a Democratic gubernatorial candidate since 2006, and the first time in its history that it had ever backed a losing Democrat for governor.[27]

The city of Tulsa proper is a swing city. After voting for Donald Trump in 2016 by four points, it swung to a six-point win for Joe Biden in 2020, and also backed Drew Edmondson for Governor in 2018 by 13 points. The suburbs and rural communities, however, remain very strongly Republican.[28][29][30][31]

In February 2020, registered Republicans were reduced from a majority to a plurality in the county's voter registration.[32]

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of August 31, 2023[33]
Party Number of Voters Percentage
Republican 181,632 48.32%
Democratic 114,535 30.47%
Libertarian 3,817 1.01%
Unaffiliated 75,880 20.19%
Total 375,864 100%
United States presidential election results for Tulsa County, Oklahoma[34]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 150,574 56.46% 108,996 40.87% 7,108 2.67%
2016 144,258 58.39% 87,847 35.56% 14,949 6.05%
2012 145,062 63.68% 82,744 36.32% 0 0.00%
2008 158,363 62.23% 96,133 37.77% 0 0.00%
2004 163,452 64.43% 90,220 35.57% 0 0.00%
2000 134,152 61.34% 81,656 37.34% 2,883 1.32%
1996 111,243 53.65% 76,924 37.10% 19,189 9.25%
1992 117,465 49.13% 71,165 29.77% 50,438 21.10%
1988 127,512 64.48% 69,044 34.91% 1,207 0.61%
1984 159,549 72.90% 58,274 26.62% 1,049 0.48%
1980 124,643 66.25% 53,438 28.40% 10,067 5.35%
1976 108,653 61.63% 65,298 37.04% 2,349 1.33%
1972 125,278 77.75% 32,779 20.34% 3,069 1.90%
1968 81,476 57.11% 32,748 22.95% 28,443 19.94%
1964 76,770 55.53% 61,484 44.47% 0 0.00%
1960 89,899 63.03% 52,725 36.97% 0 0.00%
1956 83,219 65.51% 43,805 34.49% 0 0.00%
1952 73,862 61.25% 46,728 38.75% 0 0.00%
1948 42,892 52.67% 38,548 47.33% 0 0.00%
1944 42,663 56.00% 33,436 43.89% 89 0.12%
1940 40,342 54.83% 33,098 44.99% 135 0.18%
1936 28,759 40.88% 41,256 58.65% 328 0.47%
1932 25,541 41.96% 35,330 58.04% 0 0.00%
1928 38,769 70.49% 16,062 29.20% 167 0.30%
1924 19,537 55.54% 14,377 40.87% 1,265 3.60%
1920 14,357 57.43% 10,025 40.10% 617 2.47%
1916 3,857 41.74% 4,497 48.67% 886 9.59%
1912 2,029 37.95% 2,747 51.37% 571 10.68%
1908 2,150 46.04% 2,292 49.08% 228 4.88%

Parks and recreation edit

River Parks was established in 1974 as a joint operation of the City of Tulsa and Tulsa County, with funding from both governments as well as private entities. It is not a part of the Tulsa Parks and Recreation Department, but is managed by the River Parks Authority. It is a series of linear parks that run adjacent to the Arkansas River for about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown to the Jenks bridge. Since 2007 a significant portion of the River Parks area has been renovated with new trails, landscaping and playground equipment. The River Parks Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area on the west side of the Arkansas River in south Tulsa is a 300 acres (120 ha) area that contains over 45 miles (72 km) of dirt trails available for hiking, trail running, mountain biking and horseback riding.[35] The "Tulsa Townies" organization provide bicycles that may be checked out for use. There are three kiosks in the parks where bicycles may be obtained or returned.[36]

Communities edit

Cities edit

Towns edit

Census-designated places edit

Unincorporated communities edit

Former communities edit

Education edit

School districts include:[43]

NRHP sites edit

Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Tulsa County, Oklahoma

The following sites in Tulsa County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tulsa County, Oklahoma.

References edit

  1. ^ a b . United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Per capita income in Tulsa County highest in state | Tulsa World
  4. ^ a b Carter, Sandi and Marlene Clark. "Old Fort Arbuckle." Accessed April 10, 2011.[1]
  5. ^ a b Gardner, James E. Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 11, No. 2. June 1933. "One Hundred Years Ago in the Region of Tulsa."
  6. ^ a b O"Dell, Larry. "Tulsa County," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009. Accessed April 5, 2015.
  7. ^ a b Civil War Academy.com Website. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
  8. ^ Clinton, Fred S. "First Oil and Gas Well in Tulsa County," Chronicles of Oklahoma, p. 312-332. Accessed April 5, 2015.
  9. ^ "Sketches for Court House and County Jail." The American Contractor. Accessed July 15, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d Ellsworth, Scott. . Tulsa Reparations. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2007.
  11. ^ Ellsworth, Scott (2009). "Tulsa Race Riot". The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
  12. ^ Sulzberger, A.G. (June 20, 2011). "As Survivors Dwindle, Tulsa Confronts Past". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2011.
  13. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  14. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  15. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  16. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  17. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  18. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  19. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  20. ^ American FactFinder – Results
  21. ^ American FactFinder – Results
  22. ^ a b c "QuickFacts: Tulsa County, Oklahoma". U.S. Census Bureau.
  23. ^ American FactFinder – Results
  24. ^ . Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  25. ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  26. ^ "Oklahoma Election Results". The New York Times. November 8, 2022. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  27. ^ Leip, Dave. "Oklahoma Results for 2022". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Elections. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  28. ^ Bloch, Matthew; Buchanan, Larry; Katz, Josh; Quealy, Kevin (July 25, 2018). "An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2016 Presidential Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  29. ^ "Precinct-by-precinct result maps: How Oklahomans voted on president, state questions, U.S. Senate". Tulsa World. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  30. ^ "2018 November General Election". Oklahoma Election Board. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  31. ^ "2020 November General Election". Oklahoma Election Board. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  32. ^ "July 2020 Month End Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). Oklahoma State Elections Board. July 31, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  33. ^ "Current Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). ok.gov. September 30, 2022. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  34. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  35. ^ "About the Park." River Parks Authority. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  36. ^ Tulsa Townies. "How it works." Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  37. ^ Alsuma website. Retrieved September 30, 2011
  38. ^ "Alsuma: The Town That Disappeared From Southeast Tulsa." August 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Arnett, David. GTR Newspapers. March 30, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  39. ^ a b Breed, David M., with early drafting and initial research by Kent Schell. Southwest Tulsa Planning Team, Southwest Tulsa Historical Society and Tulsa Planning Department. p. 111. Accessed April 5, 2015.
  40. ^ a b Tulsa City Council. A History of Tulsa Annexation. 2004. Accessed April 5, 2015.
  41. ^ Tulsa Preservation Commission. "Urban Development {1901–1945) Accessed May 5, 2011.[2]>
  42. ^ Gregory, Carl N. "Sand Springs," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009. Accessed April 5, 2015.
  43. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tulsa County, OK" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022. - Text list

External links edit

  • Tulsa County Government's website

36°07′N 95°56′W / 36.12°N 95.94°W / 36.12; -95.94

January 01, 1970
tulsa, county, oklahoma, tulsa, county, located, state, oklahoma, 2020, census, population, making, second, most, populous, county, state, behind, only, oklahoma, county, county, seat, largest, city, tulsa, second, largest, city, state, founded, statehood, 190. Tulsa County is located in the U S state of Oklahoma As of the 2020 census the population was 669 279 1 making it the second most populous county in the state behind only Oklahoma County Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa the second largest city in the state 2 Founded at statehood in 1907 it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa Before statehood the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory Tulsa CountyCountyTulsa County CourthouseFlagLocation within the U S state of OklahomaOklahoma s location within the U S Coordinates 36 07 N 95 56 W 36 12 N 95 94 W 36 12 95 94Country United StatesState OklahomaFounded1907Named forcity of TulsaSeatTulsaLargest cityTulsaArea Total587 sq mi 1 520 km2 Land570 sq mi 1 500 km2 Water17 sq mi 40 km2 2 9 Population 2020 Total669 279 Estimate 2022 677 358 Density1 134 sq mi 438 km2 Time zoneUTC 6 Central Summer DST UTC 5 CDT Congressional district1stWebsitewww wbr tulsacounty wbr org Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Lasley Vore Site 1 2 Old Fort Arbuckle 1 3 Battle of Chusto Talasah 1 4 Coming of the railroads 1 5 Oil Boom 1 6 Tulsa County Court House 1 7 1921 race riot 2 Geography and climate 2 1 Adjacent counties 2 2 Major highways 2 3 Transit 3 Demographics 4 Politics 5 Parks and recreation 6 Communities 6 1 Cities 6 2 Towns 6 3 Census designated places 6 4 Unincorporated communities 6 5 Former communities 7 Education 8 NRHP sites 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory editThe history of Tulsa County greatly overlaps the history of the city of Tulsa This section addresses events that largely occurred outside the present city limits of Tulsa Lasley Vore Site edit The Lasley Vore Site along the Arkansas River south of Tulsa was claimed by University of Tulsa anthropologist George Odell to be the most likely place where Jean Baptiste Benard de la Harpe first encountered a group of Wichita people in 1719 Odell s statement was based on finding both Wichita and French artifacts there during an architectural dig in 1988 Old Fort Arbuckle edit The U S Government s removal of Native American tribes from the southeastern United States to Indian Territory did not take into account how that would impact the lives and attitudes of the nomadic tribes that already used the same land as their hunting grounds At first Creek immigrants stayed close to Fort Gibson near the confluence of the Arkansas and Verdigris rivers However the government encouraged newer immigrants to move farther up the Arkansas The Osage tribe had agreed to leave the land near the Verdigris but had not moved far and soon threatened the new Creek settlements 4 In 1831 a party led by Rev Isaac McCoy and Lt James L Dawson blazed a trail up the north side of the Arkansas from Fort Gibson to its junction with the Cimarron River In 1832 Dawson was sent again to select sites for military posts One of his recommended sites was about two and a half miles downstream from the Cimarron River junction The following year Brevet Major George Birch and two companies of the 7th Infantry Regiment followed the Dawson Road to the aforementioned site Flattering his former commanding officer General Matthew Arbuckle Birch named the site Fort Arbuckle 4 5 According to Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture the fort was about 8 miles 13 km west of the present city of Sand Springs Oklahoma 6 Author James Gardner visited the site in the early 1930s His article describing the visit includes an old map showing the fort located on the north bank of the Arkansas River near Sand Creek just south of the line separating Tulsa County and Osage County After ground was cleared and a blockhouse built Fort Arbuckle was abandoned November 11 1834 The remnants of stockade and some chimneys could still be seen nearly a hundred years later 5 The site was submerged when Keystone Lake was built Battle of Chusto Talasah edit Main article Battle of Chusto TalasahAt the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 many Creeks and Seminoles in Indian Territory led by Opothleyahola retained their allegiance to the U S Government In November 1861 Confederate Col Douglas H Cooper led a Confederate force against the Union supporters with the purpose of either compelling their submission or driving them out of the country The first clash known as the Battle of Round Mountain occurred November 19 1861 Although the Unionists successfully withstood the attack and mounted a counterattack the Confederates claimed a strategic victory because the Unionists were forced to withdraw 7 The next battle occurred December 9 1861 Col Cooper s force attacked the Unionists at Chusto Talasah Caving Banks on the Horseshoe Bend of Bird Creek in what is now Tulsa County The Confederates drove the Unionists across Bird Creek but could not pursue because they were short of ammunition Still the Confederates could claim victory 7 Coming of the railroads edit The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad had extended its main line in Indian Territory from Vinita to Tulsa in 1883 where it stopped on the east side of the Arkansas River The company which later merged into the St Louis and San Francisco Railway familiarly known as the Frisco then built a steel bridge across the river to extend the line to Red Fork This bridge allowed cattlemen to load their animals onto the railroad west of the Arkansas instead of fording the river as had been the practice previously It also provided a safer and more convenient way to bring workers from Tulsa to the oil field after the 1901 discovery of oil in Red Fork Oil Boom edit A wildcat well named Sue Bland No 1 hit paydirt at 540 feet on June 25 1901 as a gusher The well was on the property of Sue A Bland nee Davis located near the community of Red Fork Mrs Bland was a Creek citizen and wife of Dr John C W Bland the first practicing physician in Tulsa The property was Mrs Bland s homestead allotment Oil produced by the well was shipped in barrels to the nearest refinery in Kansas where it was sold for 1 00 a barrel 8 Other producing wells followed soon after The next big strike in Tulsa County was the Glenn Pool Oil Reserve in the vicinity of where Glenpool Oklahoma was later founded Ironically while the city of Tulsa claimed to be Oil Capital of the World for much of the 20th century a city ordinance banned drilling for oil within the city limits Tulsa County Court House edit In 1911 1912 Tulsa County built a court house in Tulsa on the northeast corner of Sixth Street and South Boulder Avenue Yule marble was used in its construction The land had previously been the site of a mansion owned by George Perryman and his wife This was the court house where a mob of white residents gathered on May 31 1921 threatening to lynch a young black man held in the top floor jail It was the beginning of the Tulsa Race Massacre An advertisement for bids specified that the building should be fireproof built of either reinforced concrete or steel and concrete The size was to be 120 by 120 feet 37 by 37 m with three floors and a full basement Cost of the building was not to exceed 200 000 The jail on the top floor was not to exceed 25 000 9 The building continued to serve until the present court house building shown above opened at 515 South Denver The old building was then demolished and the land was sold to private investors The land is now the site of the Bank of America building completed in 1967 1921 race riot edit Main article Tulsa race riot In the early 20th century Tulsa was home to the Black Wall Street one of the most prosperous Black communities in the United States at the time 10 Located in the Greenwood neighborhood it was the site of the Tulsa Race Massacre said to be the single worst incident of racial violence in American history 11 in which mobs of white Tulsans killed black Tulsans looted and robbed the black community and burned down homes and businesses 10 Sixteen hours of massacring on May 31 and June 1 1921 ended only when National Guardsmen were brought in by the Governor An official report later claimed that 23 Black and 16 white citizens were killed but other estimates suggest as many as 300 people died most of them Black 10 Over 800 people were admitted to local hospitals with injuries and an estimated 1000 Black people were left homeless as 35 city blocks composed of 1 256 residences were destroyed by fire Property damage was estimated at 1 8 million 10 Efforts to obtain reparations for survivors of the violence have been unsuccessful but the events were re examined by the city and state in the early 21st century acknowledging the terrible actions that had taken place 12 Geography and climate editAccording to the U S Census Bureau the county has a total area of 587 square miles 1 520 km2 of which 570 square miles 1 500 km2 is land and 17 square miles 44 km2 2 9 is water 13 The Arkansas River drains most of the county Keystone Lake formed by a dam on the Arkansas River lies partially in the county Bird Creek and the Caney River tributaries of the Verdigris River drain the northern part of the county 6 Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rec High F 79 90 96 102 96 103 112 110 109 98 87 80 Norm High F 46 5 52 9 62 4 72 1 79 6 88 93 8 93 2 84 1 74 60 49 6 Norm Low F 26 3 31 1 40 3 49 5 59 67 9 73 1 71 2 62 9 51 1 39 3 29 8 Rec Low F 8 11 3 22 35 49 51 52 35 18 10 8 Precip in 1 6 1 95 3 57 3 95 6 11 4 72 2 96 2 85 4 76 4 05 3 47 2 43 Source USTravelWeather com 3 Adjacent counties edit Washington County north Rogers County northeast Wagoner County southeast Okmulgee County south Creek County west Pawnee County northwest Osage County northwest Major highways edit nbsp Interstate 44 nbsp Interstate 244 nbsp Interstate 444 nbsp U S Route 64 nbsp U S Historic Route 66 nbsp U S Route 75 nbsp U S Route 169 nbsp U S Route 412 nbsp Creek Turnpike nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 11 nbsp Former Oklahoma State Highway 12 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 20 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 51 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 67 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 97 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 97T nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 117 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 151 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 266 nbsp Oklahoma State Highway 364 Gilcrease Expressway L L Tisdale Parkway Transit edit Tulsa Transit Greyhound Lines Jefferson LinesDemographics editHistorical population CensusPop Note 191034 995 1920109 023211 5 1930187 57472 0 1940193 3633 1 1950251 68630 2 1960346 03837 5 1970401 66316 1 1980470 59317 2 1990503 3417 0 2000563 29911 9 2010603 4037 1 2020669 27910 9 2023 est 682 868 14 2 0 U S Decennial Census 15 1790 1960 16 1900 1990 17 1990 2000 18 2010 2019 1 At the census of 2010 19 there were 603 403 people 241 737 households and 154 084 families residing in the county The population density was 1 059 inhabitants per square mile 409 km2 The racial makeup of the county was 69 2 White 10 7 Black or African American 6 0 Native American 2 3 Asian 0 1 Pacific Islander 5 8 from other races and 5 8 from two or more races 11 0 of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race 8 8 Mexican 14 2 were of German 12 3 Irish 8 8 English 8 5 American 2 3 French and 2 3 Scottish ancestries 88 3 spoke English 8 1 Spanish and 0 4 Vietnamese as their first language 20 21 At the 2020 census its population grew to 669 279 people in 2022 the American Community Survey estimated its population was 677 358 The 2021 estimated racial makeup of the county was 59 9 non Hispanic white 10 8 African American 7 3 Native American 3 8 Asian 0 2 Pacific Islander 6 6 multiracial and 13 9 Hispanic or Latino of any race 22 As of 2010 there were 241 737 households out of which 30 1 had children under the age of 18 living with them 45 3 were married couples living together 13 3 had a female householder with no husband present and 36 3 were non families 29 60 of all households were made up of individuals and 22 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 46 and the average family size was 3 07 In 2021 there were 295 350 households with a median house value of 168 800 The county had a median rent of 929 22 As of 2010 in the county the population was spread out with 26 30 under the age of 18 10 00 from 18 to 24 30 40 from 25 to 44 21 60 from 45 to 64 and 11 80 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 34 years For every 100 females there were 94 20 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 90 90 males As of 2010 the median income for a household in the county was 47 005 and the median income for a family was 60 093 The per capita income for the county was 27 425 About 11 0 of families and 15 1 of the population were below the poverty line including 22 6 of those under age 18 and 8 2 of those age 65 or over 23 24 Of the county s population over the age of 25 29 2 held a bachelor s degree or higher and 88 2 have a high school diploma or equivalent As of 2021 its median household income was 60 382 and 14 7 of the population lived at or below the poverty line 22 Politics editTulsa County is very conservative for an urban county it has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1940 25 The county s Republican bent predates Oklahoma s swing toward the GOP George H W Bush in 1992 remains the only Republican since Alf Landon in 1936 to fail to obtain a majority in the county and even then only because of Ross Perot s strong third party candidacy In 2020 Joe Biden became the first Democrat since Lyndon Johnson in 1964 to win more than 40 of the vote in Tulsa County and only the second to do so since 1948 It is one of only two counties in the state alongside Oklahoma County where Biden outperformed Southerner Jimmy Carter s 1976 margin when he narrowly lost the state In 2022 Democratic gubernatorial candidate Joy Hofmeister narrowly carried the county 49 1 48 9 against incumbent Republican Kevin Stitt 26 This was the first time Tulsa County had backed a Democratic gubernatorial candidate since 2006 and the first time in its history that it had ever backed a losing Democrat for governor 27 The city of Tulsa proper is a swing city After voting for Donald Trump in 2016 by four points it swung to a six point win for Joe Biden in 2020 and also backed Drew Edmondson for Governor in 2018 by 13 points The suburbs and rural communities however remain very strongly Republican 28 29 30 31 In February 2020 registered Republicans were reduced from a majority to a plurality in the county s voter registration 32 Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of August 31 2023 33 Party Number of Voters Percentage Republican 181 632 48 32 Democratic 114 535 30 47 Libertarian 3 817 1 01 Unaffiliated 75 880 20 19 Total 375 864 100 United States presidential election results for Tulsa County Oklahoma 34 Year Republican Democratic Third party No No No 2020 150 574 56 46 108 996 40 87 7 108 2 67 2016 144 258 58 39 87 847 35 56 14 949 6 05 2012 145 062 63 68 82 744 36 32 0 0 00 2008 158 363 62 23 96 133 37 77 0 0 00 2004 163 452 64 43 90 220 35 57 0 0 00 2000 134 152 61 34 81 656 37 34 2 883 1 32 1996 111 243 53 65 76 924 37 10 19 189 9 25 1992 117 465 49 13 71 165 29 77 50 438 21 10 1988 127 512 64 48 69 044 34 91 1 207 0 61 1984 159 549 72 90 58 274 26 62 1 049 0 48 1980 124 643 66 25 53 438 28 40 10 067 5 35 1976 108 653 61 63 65 298 37 04 2 349 1 33 1972 125 278 77 75 32 779 20 34 3 069 1 90 1968 81 476 57 11 32 748 22 95 28 443 19 94 1964 76 770 55 53 61 484 44 47 0 0 00 1960 89 899 63 03 52 725 36 97 0 0 00 1956 83 219 65 51 43 805 34 49 0 0 00 1952 73 862 61 25 46 728 38 75 0 0 00 1948 42 892 52 67 38 548 47 33 0 0 00 1944 42 663 56 00 33 436 43 89 89 0 12 1940 40 342 54 83 33 098 44 99 135 0 18 1936 28 759 40 88 41 256 58 65 328 0 47 1932 25 541 41 96 35 330 58 04 0 0 00 1928 38 769 70 49 16 062 29 20 167 0 30 1924 19 537 55 54 14 377 40 87 1 265 3 60 1920 14 357 57 43 10 025 40 10 617 2 47 1916 3 857 41 74 4 497 48 67 886 9 59 1912 2 029 37 95 2 747 51 37 571 10 68 1908 2 150 46 04 2 292 49 08 228 4 88 Parks and recreation editRiver Parks was established in 1974 as a joint operation of the City of Tulsa and Tulsa County with funding from both governments as well as private entities It is not a part of the Tulsa Parks and Recreation Department but is managed by the River Parks Authority It is a series of linear parks that run adjacent to the Arkansas River for about 10 miles 16 km from downtown to the Jenks bridge Since 2007 a significant portion of the River Parks area has been renovated with new trails landscaping and playground equipment The River Parks Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area on the west side of the Arkansas River in south Tulsa is a 300 acres 120 ha area that contains over 45 miles 72 km of dirt trails available for hiking trail running mountain biking and horseback riding 35 The Tulsa Townies organization provide bicycles that may be checked out for use There are three kiosks in the parks where bicycles may be obtained or returned 36 Communities editCities edit Bixby part Broken Arrow part Collinsville Glenpool Jenks Owasso part Sand Springs part Sapulpa part Skiatook part Tulsa county seat part Towns edit Liberty part Lotsee Sperry Census designated places edit Oakhurst Turley Unincorporated communities edit Berryhill Garnett Leonard Lake Mingo Former communities edit Alsuma Annexed by Tulsa in 1968 37 38 Carbondale Annexed by Tulsa in 1928 39 Dawson Annexed by Tulsa in 1949 40 Keystone Oklahoma Submerged by Keystone Lake whose construction began in 1958 North Tulsa Annexed by Tulsa in 1904 41 Prattville Annexed by Sand Springs in 1965 42 Red Fork Annexed by Tulsa in 1927 40 South Haven Annexed by Tulsa in 1966 39 Education editSchool districts include 43 Berryhill Public Schools Bixby Public Schools Broken Arrow Public Schools Collinsville Public Schools Glenpool Public Schools Jenks Public Schools Liberty Public Schools Owasso Public Schools Sand Springs Public Schools Skiatook Public Schools Sperry Public Schools Tulsa Public Schools Union Public Schools Keystone Public School elementary only NRHP sites editMain article National Register of Historic Places listings in Tulsa County Oklahoma The following sites in Tulsa County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places 66 Motel Tulsa Ambassador Hotel Tulsa Bishop Kelley High School Boston Avenue United Methodist Church Tulsa Boulder on the Park Tulsa Brady Heights Historic District Tulsa Broken Arrow Elementary Junior High School Broken Arrow Cain s Dancing Academy Tulsa The Church Studio Tulsa Circle Theater Tulsa Clinton Hardy House Tulsa Tulsa Convention Hall Tulsa Cosden Building Tulsa Creek Council Oak Tree Tulsa Dawson School Tulsa Carl K Dresser House Tulsa Eleventh Street Arkansas River Bridge Tulsa Fort Arbuckle Site Sand Springs Gillette Historic District Tulsa Gillette Tyrell Building Tulsa Later named the Pythian Building Harwelden Mansion Tulsa Haskell State School of Agriculture Broken Arrow Holy Family Cathedral Rectory and School Tulsa Hooper Brothers Coffee Company Building Tulsa Robert Lawton Jones House Tulsa Maple Ridge Historic Residential District Tulsa Mayo Building Tulsa Mayo Hotel Tulsa Mayo Motor Inn James H McBirney House Tulsa McFarlin Building Tulsa Robert M McFarlin House Tulsa B W McLean House and Office Jenks Mincks Adams Hotel Tulsa Moore Manor Tulsa Mount Zion Baptist Church Tulsa North Cheyenne Historic District Tulsa Oil Capital of the World Historic District Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building Tulsa Owen Park Historic District Tulsa Page Memorial Library Sand Springs Foster B Parriott House Tulsa Petroleum Building Tulsa Philcade Building Tulsa Phillips 66 Station 473 Tulsa Waite Phillips Mansion now Philbrook Museum Tulsa Philtower Tulsa Pierce Block Tulsa Public Service of Oklahoma Building Tulsa Ranch Acres Historic Residential District Tulsa Riverside Historic Residential District Tulsa Riverside Studio Tulsa Sand Springs Power Plant Sand Springs Sinclair Service Station Tulsa William G Skelly House Tulsa Southwestern Bell Main Dial Building Tulsa St John Vianney Training School for Girls Tulsa Swan Lake Historic District Tulsa Tracy Park Historic District Tribune Building Tulsa Tulsa Fire Alarm Building Tulsa Tulsa Municipal Building Tulsa United States Post Office and Courthouse Tulsa James Alexander Veasey House Tulsa Vickery Phillips 66 Station Tulsa Westhope Tulsa White City Historic District Tulsa Woodward Park and Gardens Historic District Yorktown Historic District TulsaSee also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tulsa County Oklahoma Lasley Vore Site Yule marbleReferences edit a b State amp County QuickFacts United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on June 6 2011 Retrieved November 13 2013 Find a County National Association of Counties Retrieved June 7 2011 Per capita income in Tulsa County highest in state Tulsa World a b Carter Sandi and Marlene Clark Old Fort Arbuckle Accessed April 10 2011 1 a b Gardner James E Chronicles of Oklahoma Volume 11 No 2 June 1933 One Hundred Years Ago in the Region of Tulsa a b O Dell Larry Tulsa County Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Oklahoma Historical Society 2009 Accessed April 5 2015 a b Civil War Academy com Website Retrieved April 11 2011 Clinton Fred S First Oil and Gas Well in Tulsa County Chronicles of Oklahoma p 312 332 Accessed April 5 2015 Sketches for Court House and County Jail The American Contractor Accessed July 15 2015 a b c d Ellsworth Scott The Tulsa Race Riot Tulsa Reparations Archived from the original on December 10 2013 Retrieved April 20 2007 Ellsworth Scott 2009 Tulsa Race Riot The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Retrieved December 31 2016 Sulzberger A G June 20 2011 As Survivors Dwindle Tulsa Confronts Past The New York Times Retrieved June 20 2011 2010 Census Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau August 22 2012 Retrieved February 22 2015 Population and Housing Unit Estimates Retrieved March 20 2024 U S Decennial Census United States Census Bureau Retrieved February 22 2015 Historical Census Browser University of Virginia Library Retrieved February 22 2015 Forstall Richard L ed March 27 1995 Population of Counties by Decennial Census 1900 to 1990 United States Census Bureau Retrieved February 22 2015 Census 2000 PHC T 4 Ranking Tables for Counties 1990 and 2000 PDF United States Census Bureau April 2 2001 Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved February 22 2015 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 31 2008 American FactFinder Results American FactFinder Results a b c QuickFacts Tulsa County Oklahoma U S Census Bureau American FactFinder Results Tulsa County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau Archived from the original on June 6 2011 Retrieved July 27 2012 Sullivan Robert David How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century America Magazine in The National Catholic Review June 29 2016 Oklahoma Election Results The New York Times November 8 2022 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 23 2023 Leip Dave Oklahoma Results for 2022 Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Elections Retrieved August 23 2023 Bloch Matthew Buchanan Larry Katz Josh Quealy Kevin July 25 2018 An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2016 Presidential Election The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 17 2021 Precinct by precinct result maps How Oklahomans voted on president state questions U S Senate Tulsa World Retrieved August 17 2021 2018 November General Election Oklahoma Election Board Retrieved August 17 2021 2020 November General Election Oklahoma Election Board Retrieved August 17 2021 July 2020 Month End Registration Statistics by County PDF Oklahoma State Elections Board July 31 2020 Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Current Registration Statistics by County PDF ok gov September 30 2022 Retrieved October 12 2022 Leip David Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections uselectionatlas org Retrieved March 30 2018 About the Park River Parks Authority Retrieved November 30 2014 Tulsa Townies How it works Retrieved November 30 2014 Alsuma website Retrieved September 30 2011 Alsuma The Town That Disappeared From Southeast Tulsa Archived August 8 2014 at the Wayback Machine Arnett David GTR Newspapers March 30 2007 Retrieved August 2 2014 a b Breed David M with early drafting and initial research by Kent Schell Appendix D Early History of Southwest Tulsa Southwest Tulsa Planning Team Southwest Tulsa Historical Society and Tulsa Planning Department p 111 Accessed April 5 2015 a b Tulsa City Council A History of Tulsa Annexation 2004 Accessed April 5 2015 Tulsa Preservation Commission Urban Development 1901 1945 Accessed May 5 2011 2 gt Gregory Carl N Sand Springs Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Oklahoma Historical Society 2009 Accessed April 5 2015 2020 CENSUS SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP Tulsa County OK PDF U S Census Bureau Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved July 21 2022 Text listExternal links editTulsa County Government s website Oklahoma Digital Maps Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory 36 07 N 95 56 W 36 12 N 95 94 W 36 12 95 94 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tulsa County Oklahoma amp oldid 1221084596, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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