It is a bush or small tree reaching 15 meters in height. It can have multiple stems, and either an upright or spreading posture, and its lowest branches may lie on the ground. Its bark is gray and variably textured from smooth, to rough, to flaky. Its petioles are 1-4 by 1.2 millimeters with a channel on their upper side. The petioles are covered in curly, light-colored hairs that are 0.2-0.3 millimeters long. Its oblong to elliptical, papery to slightly leathery leaves are 3.6-17.5 by 1.2-6.5 centimeters with rounded to shallowly pointed tips (sometimes slightly notched), and rounded to wedge-shaped bases. The upper sides of the leaves are slightly glossy and hairless to sparsely covered in cream-colored hairs that are 0.3 millimeters long. The undersides of the leaves are hairless to densely covered with straight to curly hairs that are 0.2-0.8 millimeters long. The leaves have 6-15 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs at angles of 50°-80° that arch and connect with one another near the leaf margins. Its fragrant flowers occur in groups of 1-3 among leaves, on twigs, or directly from the trunk and are born on short, 2 by 2 millimeter peduncles. The peduncles have 5–6, oval, concave bracts that are up to 5 by 3.5 millimeters. At maturity the peduncles are covered in dense cream to rust-colored hairs that are 0.3 millimeters long. Its oval to round flower buds are 3-5 millimeters in diameter. Its flowers have 3, broadly oval, concave sepals that are 4-7 by 3.5.5 millimeters and fused at the base. The outer surfaces of the sepals are covered in silky hairs and the insides are wrinkled. Its flowers have 6 petals arranged in two rows of three. The light-yellow petals are fused at their bases to form a tube with narrow, lance-shaped lobes. The bases of the floral tubes are 2.5-4 millimeters long. The lobes are 9-27 by 3.7 millimeters with irregular folds and shallowly pointed to rounded tips. The margins of the inner petals are curved back to form hollow chambers in the basal tube. The outer surface of the corolla is covered in 0.1 millimeter-long white, silky hairs that turn to rust-colored 0.2 millimeter-long, silky hairs at the base. The inner surface of the corolla is covered in short hairs, except the base which is hairless. Its flowers have numerous oblong stamen that are 1.4-2.1 by 0.5-0.8 millimeters. The connective tissue between the lobes of the anthers extends upward to form a disc-shaped cap. Its flowers have 2-7 carpels that are 2.1-3 by 0.8-1 millimeters and covered in dense gold to rust-colored hairs. Its bilobed stigma are 1-1.3 millimeters long. Its brilliant red, elliptical to cylindrical fruit occur in groups of 1-5 and are 2.2-4.6 by 1.3-2.2 centimeters. The contour of the fruits surface can be constricted around its seeds and is warty to wrinkled. The fruits are covered in short hairs. The fruit have light-colored pulp. The fruit have 2-11 brown, flat, elliptical to oval seeds that are 10-15 by 7-10 millimeters and are arranged in 1-2 rows.[7][8]
Reproductive biologyedit
The pollen of H. monopetalus is shed as permanent tetrads.[8]
Habitat and distributionedit
It has been observed growing in savannas in forest corridors at elevations of 0 to 1,600 meters. It prefers sandy soil or dry rocky substrates.[8]
Usesedit
Bioactive molecules extracted from its fruit have been reported to have antifungal activity in test with Candida albicans.[9]
Referencesedit
^ abGuillemin, J.A.; Perrottet, G.S.; Richard, Achille (1930). Florae Senegambiae tentamen,seu, Historia plantarum in diversis Senegambiae regionibus a peregrinatoribus Perrottet et Leprieur detectarum (in French and Latin). Paris: Treuttel et Wurtz. p. plate 2.
^Cosiaux, A.; Couvreur, T.L.P.; Erkens, R.H.J. (2019). "Hexalobus monopetalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T132520315A132520532. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132520315A132520532.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^"Threatened Species Programme | SANBI Red List of South African Plants". redlist.sanbi.org. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
^"Hexalobus monopetalus (A.Rich.) Engl. & Diels". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved February 8, 2019.
^Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN9780881926279.
^Engler, A; Diels, L. (1901). Monographieen afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und Gattungen VI. Annonaceae (in German and Latin). Vol. 6. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.
^ abcBotermans, Marleen; Sosef, Marc S. M.; Chatrou, Lars W.; Couvreur, Thomas L. P. (2011). "Revision of the African Genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae)". Systematic Botany. 36 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1600/036364411X553108. ISSN 0363-6445. S2CID 85576103.
^Malebo, Hamisi M.; Jonker, Stephan A.; Waibel, Reiner; Nkunya, Mayunga H. H. (2014). "Diprenylated Indole Alkaloids from Fruits of Hexalobus monopetalus". Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 4 (2): 101–105. doi:10.1007/s13659-014-0010-x. ISSN 2192-2195. PMC4004831. PMID 24859178.
January 01, 1970
hexalobus, monopetalus, species, plant, family, annonaceae, with, common, name, baboon, breakfast, native, angola, benin, botswana, burkina, faso, cameroon, central, african, republic, chad, gambia, ghana, guinea, guinea, bissau, ivory, coast, liberia, malawi,. Hexalobus monopetalus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae with the common name baboon s breakfast 3 4 It is native to Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Ivory Coast Liberia Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zaire and Zimbabwe 5 Achille Richard the French botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria monopetala named it after its petals which are fused at their base 1 6 Hexalobus monopetalus Botanical illustration of Hexalobus monopetalus using the basionym Uvaria monopetala 1 Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 2 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Magnoliids Order Magnoliales Family Annonaceae Genus Hexalobus Species H monopetalus Binomial name Hexalobus monopetalus A Rich Engl amp Diels Synonyms Hexalobus glabrescens Hutch amp Dalziel Hexalobus huillensis Engl amp Diels Engl amp Diels Hexalobus tomentosus A Chev Uva huillensis Engl amp Diels Kuntze Uvaria huillensis Engl amp Diels Uvaria monopetala A Rich Contents 1 Description 1 1 Reproductive biology 2 Habitat and distribution 3 Uses 4 ReferencesDescription editIt is a bush or small tree reaching 15 meters in height It can have multiple stems and either an upright or spreading posture and its lowest branches may lie on the ground Its bark is gray and variably textured from smooth to rough to flaky Its petioles are 1 4 by 1 2 millimeters with a channel on their upper side The petioles are covered in curly light colored hairs that are 0 2 0 3 millimeters long Its oblong to elliptical papery to slightly leathery leaves are 3 6 17 5 by 1 2 6 5 centimeters with rounded to shallowly pointed tips sometimes slightly notched and rounded to wedge shaped bases The upper sides of the leaves are slightly glossy and hairless to sparsely covered in cream colored hairs that are 0 3 millimeters long The undersides of the leaves are hairless to densely covered with straight to curly hairs that are 0 2 0 8 millimeters long The leaves have 6 15 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs at angles of 50 80 that arch and connect with one another near the leaf margins Its fragrant flowers occur in groups of 1 3 among leaves on twigs or directly from the trunk and are born on short 2 by 2 millimeter peduncles The peduncles have 5 6 oval concave bracts that are up to 5 by 3 5 millimeters At maturity the peduncles are covered in dense cream to rust colored hairs that are 0 3 millimeters long Its oval to round flower buds are 3 5 millimeters in diameter Its flowers have 3 broadly oval concave sepals that are 4 7 by 3 5 5 millimeters and fused at the base The outer surfaces of the sepals are covered in silky hairs and the insides are wrinkled Its flowers have 6 petals arranged in two rows of three The light yellow petals are fused at their bases to form a tube with narrow lance shaped lobes The bases of the floral tubes are 2 5 4 millimeters long The lobes are 9 27 by 3 7 millimeters with irregular folds and shallowly pointed to rounded tips The margins of the inner petals are curved back to form hollow chambers in the basal tube The outer surface of the corolla is covered in 0 1 millimeter long white silky hairs that turn to rust colored 0 2 millimeter long silky hairs at the base The inner surface of the corolla is covered in short hairs except the base which is hairless Its flowers have numerous oblong stamen that are 1 4 2 1 by 0 5 0 8 millimeters The connective tissue between the lobes of the anthers extends upward to form a disc shaped cap Its flowers have 2 7 carpels that are 2 1 3 by 0 8 1 millimeters and covered in dense gold to rust colored hairs Its bilobed stigma are 1 1 3 millimeters long Its brilliant red elliptical to cylindrical fruit occur in groups of 1 5 and are 2 2 4 6 by 1 3 2 2 centimeters The contour of the fruits surface can be constricted around its seeds and is warty to wrinkled The fruits are covered in short hairs The fruit have light colored pulp The fruit have 2 11 brown flat elliptical to oval seeds that are 10 15 by 7 10 millimeters and are arranged in 1 2 rows 7 8 Reproductive biology edit The pollen of H monopetalus is shed as permanent tetrads 8 Habitat and distribution editIt has been observed growing in savannas in forest corridors at elevations of 0 to 1 600 meters It prefers sandy soil or dry rocky substrates 8 Uses editBioactive molecules extracted from its fruit have been reported to have antifungal activity in test with Candida albicans 9 References edit a b Guillemin J A Perrottet G S Richard Achille 1930 Florae Senegambiae tentamen seu Historia plantarum in diversis Senegambiae regionibus a peregrinatoribus Perrottet et Leprieur detectarum in French and Latin Paris Treuttel et Wurtz p plate 2 Cosiaux A Couvreur T L P Erkens R H J 2019 Hexalobus monopetalus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T132520315A132520532 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 3 RLTS T132520315A132520532 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 Hexalobus monopetalus Baboon s breakfast Shakama plum www biodiversityexplorer info Retrieved 2022 10 09 Threatened Species Programme SANBI Red List of South African Plants redlist sanbi org Retrieved 2022 10 09 Hexalobus monopetalus A Rich Engl amp Diels Plants of the World Online The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew n d Retrieved February 8 2019 Stearn William 2004 Botanical Latin Portland Ore Newton Abbot Timber Press David amp Charles ISBN 9780881926279 Engler A Diels L 1901 Monographieen afrikanischer Pflanzen Familien und Gattungen VI Annonaceae in German and Latin Vol 6 Leipzig W Engelmann a b c Botermans Marleen Sosef Marc S M Chatrou Lars W Couvreur Thomas L P 2011 Revision of the African Genus Hexalobus Annonaceae Systematic Botany 36 1 33 48 doi 10 1600 036364411X553108 ISSN 0363 6445 S2CID 85576103 Malebo Hamisi M Jonker Stephan A Waibel Reiner Nkunya Mayunga H H 2014 Diprenylated Indole Alkaloids from Fruits of Hexalobus monopetalus Natural Products and Bioprospecting 4 2 101 105 doi 10 1007 s13659 014 0010 x ISSN 2192 2195 PMC 4004831 PMID 24859178 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hexalobus monopetalus amp oldid 1139849190, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
