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Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

January 23, 2023

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Mälikgulyýewiç and the family name is Berdimuhamedow.

Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow[a][b][c][12] (born 29 June 1957), also known as Arkadag (Cyrillic: Аркадаг, "protector"), is a Turkmen politician who served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022.

National Leader of the Turkmen People
Arkadag
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Berdimuhamedow in 2017
Chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan
Assumed office
14 April 2021
Preceded byPosition reestablished
2nd President of Turkmenistan
In office
14 February 2007 – 19 March 2022
Acting: 21 December 2006 – 14 February 2007
Vice PresidentRaşit Meredow
Preceded bySaparmurat Niyazov
Succeeded bySerdar Berdimuhamedow
Leader of the Democratic Party
In office
4 August 2007 – 18 August 2013
Acting: 21 December 2006 – 4 August 2007
Preceded bySaparmurat Niyazov
Succeeded byKasymguly Babaev
3rd Vice President of Turkmenistan
In office
1 March 2001 – 14 February 2007
PresidentSaparmurat Niyazov
Himself (acting)
Preceded byOrazgeldi Aydogdiyev
Succeeded byRaşit Meredow
Personal details
Born (1957-06-29) 29 June 1957 (age 65)
Babarap, Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union
NationalityTurkmen
Political partyIndependent (2013–present)
Other political
affiliations		TDP (before 2013)
SpouseOgulgerek Berdimuhamedova
Children4, including Serdar
Parent(s)Malikguly Berdimuhamedov
Ogulabat Kurrayeva
Alma materTurkmen State Medical Institute
ProfessionDentist
Military service
Allegiance Turkmenistan
Branch/service Turkmen Ground Forces
RankGeneral of the Army (since 2007)[1]

A dentist by profession, Berdimuhamedow served in the government of president Saparmurat Niyazov as the minister of health in 1997 and as the vice president in 2001. He became acting president following Niyazov's death on 21 December 2006 and subsequently won the 2007 presidential election. He faced no meaningful opposition and won by an overwhelming margin with 89% of the vote.[13] In 2012, he was re-elected for a second term with 97% of the vote and he was re-elected again in 2017 with 97.7% of the vote.[14][15] He was among the candidates elected to the People's Council of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Halk Maslahaty) on 28 March 2021, as a member from Ahal Region.[16] He reportedly received 100% of votes from the electors.[17] On 14 April 2021, he was unanimously elected chairman of the People's Council, the upper chamber of the Turkmen parliament.[18][19]

Like his predecessor, Berdimuhamedow headed an authoritarian regime in which he was the subject of a cult of personality. Rights groups have described Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow as one of the most repressive countries in the world,[20] accusing Berdimuhamedow, his relatives, and his associates of possessing and exercising unlimited power over all aspects of public life.[21][22]

Berdimuhamedow stepped down as president on 19 March 2022, being succeeded by his son, Serdar, who won a snap election deemed as neither free nor fair.[23]

Early years

Berdimuhamedow was born on 29 June 1957 in Babarap, in what is now Gökdepe District, Ahal Province, to Malikguly Berdimuhamedovich Berdimuhamedov (1932–2021)[24] and Ogulabat Atayevna Kurrayeva.[25] He is the only son in a family of six children. Berdimuhamedow’s father worked as a senior Interior Ministry officer in a prison guard detachment. He retired as a colonel of police.[26] His grandfather, Berdimuhamet Annayev, was a local teacher who served in the Red Army during World War II as part of the 748th Rifle Regiment of the 206th Rifle Division of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.[27] In September 1943, his unit was one of the first to cross the Dnieper River.[28] He was later killed in the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake.[29]

Professional career

Berdimuhamedow graduated from the Turkmen State Medical Institute in 1979 and entered a career in dentistry.[30] He also received a PhD in medical sciences in Moscow.[30] By 1992 he had become part of the dentistry faculty at the Medical Institute. In 1995, during the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov, he became head of the dentistry center of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry.[31]

Political rise

 
Berdimuhamedow with Russian President Vladimir Putin at Ashgabat Airport, April 2002

He was appointed to the government as Minister of Health in 1997, and he was additionally appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (also referred to as Deputy Prime Minister, despite the lack of a Prime Ministerial post in Turkmenistan), a post akin to that of a Vice-President, in 2001.[32][33] In April 2004, Niyazov suspended Berdimuhamedow's salary for three months because healthcare workers were not being paid.[31]

The Health Ministry was responsible for carrying out Niyazov's order to close all hospitals outside of the national and provincial capitals in 2005.[34]

President of Turkmenistan (2006–2022)

Following Niyazov's death in December 2006, the State Security Council of Turkmenistan appointed Berdimuhamedow acting president.[35] The Council stated in its announcement that Öwezgeldi Ataýew, who, as the Chairman of the Assembly of Turkmenistan was to have become the acting president, was not appointed "in view of the fact that the prosecutor-general had instituted criminal proceedings against him".[36]

 
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow and Vladimir Putin in Tehran, 2007

Article 60 of the Turkmen Constitution stipulated that the acting president "may not stand for election to the Presidency",[37] which would have barred Berdimuhamedow from running in the 2007 presidential elections. However, on 24 December 2006, the People's Council voted to remove this provision, making him eligible for the election as one of the six chosen candidates, all members of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan.[38] Berdimuhamedov was supported by the political elite,[39] and the official results showed him as winning 89% of the vote.[13][40] Berdimuhamedow's appointment as interim president and subsequent run for president, however, violated the constitution.[41]

In his first presidential trip abroad, Berdimuhamedov visited Saudi Arabia in mid-April 2007. There he performed the Umrah pilgrimage and met with King Abdullah.[42] He then visited Russia and President Vladimir Putin at the end of the same month.

After taking office, Berdimuhamedow reversed several of Niyazov's more eccentric policies. Internet cafés offering free and uncensored web access opened in Ashgabat,[43] compulsory education was extended from nine to ten years and classes in sports and foreign languages were re-introduced into the curriculum, and the government announced plans to open several specialised schools for the arts.[44] He called for reform of education, health care and pension systems, and government officials of non-Turkmen ethnic origin who had been sacked by Niyazov were allowed to return to work.[45] He also restored the pensions of 100,000 elderly people whose pensions Niyazov had slashed in the face of an unspecified budget crisis.[46] Later on, he reopened the Turkmen Academy of Sciences, which had been closed by Niyazov.[47]

In 2015, work on TAPI began under his government.[48][49]

In February 2017, he was reelected to a third term as President of Turkmenistan (seven-year term) with nearly 98% of the votes in his favor and with an eligible voter turnout of 97%.[50][51] In October 2017, he offered a top Turkmen-bred variety of the Central Asian shepherd dog to Vladimir Putin.[52]

He is president of the National Olympic Committee of Turkmenistan.[53]

In 2020, Berdimuhamedow presided over the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan. He was among eight world leaders to have received the Ig Nobel Prize in Medical Education "for using the COVID-19 viral pandemic to teach the world that politicians can have a more immediate effect on life and death than scientists and doctors can".[54] On November 10 of that same year, he unveiled a golden statue of his favourite dog breed, the Central Asian shepherd.[55]

 
Informal meeting of the CIS heads of state in May 2012

Berdimuhamedow replaced the Interior Minister Mammetkhan Chakiyev with his deputy Ovezdurdy Khojaniyazov on 1 July 2021. Khojaniyazov has little public profile to speak of, but one of his most recent positions, as of May at least, was as deputy head of the Awaza tourist recreation zone.[56] The previous Interior Minister, Iskender Mulikov, was arrested, sentenced to a lengthy prison term on corruption charges, and shown on state television handcuffed in a prison robe with his head shaved.[57]

In July 2021, Berdimuhamedow ordered the deployment of troops and heavy weapons and armour on the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border, in order to avoid a spillover of the Afghan conflict into Turkmenistan.[58][59]

In February 2022, it was reported from Reuters that Berdimuhamedow was planning to resign after an early presidential election on 12 March,[60] fuelling speculation that he would be preparing for his son Serdar to succeed him as the next President.[61] Berdimuhamedow did not contest the election, which was subsequently won by Serdar,[62] establishing Turkmenistan as the first Central Asian country to transfer power dynastically from father to son.[63] Serdar was inaugurated as the next President on 19 March.[64]

Post-presidency and chair of the upper house

Berdimuhamedow visited Moscow on November 1 at the invitation of the speaker of the Russian upper house Valentina Matvienko.[65]

On 21 January 2023, Berdimuhamedow's son, as president, reappointed Berdimuhamedow to the chairmanship of the reorganized People's Council of Turkmenistan.[66] Via a separate "constitutional law" signed into effect 21 January 2023, President Serdar Berdimuhamedow also appointed his father "national leader" (Turkmen: Milli Lider) of Turkmenistan. This appointment accords the elder Berdimuhamedow the right to speak out on any matter of public interest, as well as immunity from prosecution (which immunity extends also to members of his family), personal protection by national security agencies, and financial support from the government.[67]

Criticism

Accusations of totalitarianism

Further information: Human rights in Turkmenistan
External video
  Turkmenistan's president announces end of free gas, electricity, water, and salt
  Turkmen president visits local village
 
Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei receives Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in his house, 2015

Upon taking office, Berdimuhamedow eased travel restrictions and reopened libraries in rural areas. He also took steps to curb Niyazov's extensive personality cult. He called for an end to the elaborate pageants of music and dancing that formerly greeted the president on his arrival anywhere, and said that the Turkmen "sacred oath", part of which states that the speaker's tongue should shrivel if he ever speaks ill of Turkmenistan or its president, should not be recited multiple times a day but reserved for "special occasions".[68] He also gave up his right to rename any landmarks, institutions, or cities,[69] restored the traditional names of the months of the year and days of the week (Niyazov had renamed them after himself and his mother, among other things),[70] and announced plans to move the gold rotating statue of Niyazov from Ashgabat's central square.[71]

 
Vladimir Putin and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in 2017

Despite these changes, Berdimuhamedow's regime remained rigidly authoritarian; indeed, in 2007, he ruled out any move toward Western-style democracy.[72] Freedom House rated Berdimuhamedow's Turkmenistan as one of the most repressive and "closed" regimes in the world. It has ranked Turkmenistan near the bottom of its Freedom in the World rankings since the country's independence, a state of affairs that has continued since Berdimuhamedow took office. In 2017, the country was one of 11 with the lowest aggregate scores for political and civil rights.[73] Human Rights Watch noted that Berdimuhamedow not only has complete control over public life and the media, but presides over a regime that does not tolerate "alternative political or religious expression."[74] Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has ranked Turkmenistan near the bottom of its Press Freedom Index for most of Berdimuhamedow's tenure, as it did under Niyazov. In 2017, RWB ranked Turkmenistan 178th out of 180 countries surveyed, ahead of Eritrea and North Korea. RSF noted that internet access is heavily censored in Turkmenistan, and that satellite dishes have been removed by government officials.[75]

In 2008, he dismissed Akmyrat Rejepow, the longtime chief of the presidential security detail and one of the main proponents of Niyazov's personality cult.[76] In 2011, he sang a song on a video posted to YouTube.[77]

In May 2013, he fell off his horse during a race. The fall was censored on TV but leaked online,[78] and mocked on an episode of HBO's Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in 2019.[79] Journalists leaving the country following the accident, reported that their electronic devices were searched for traces of footage of the incident.[80]

In July 2013, Jennifer Lopez publicly apologized for singing Happy birthday! to Berdimuhamedow during a sponsored concert, stating she was not aware of the human rights issues in Turkmenistan prior to the show.[81] In August 2013, Berdimuhamedow suspended his Democratic Party of Turkmenistan membership for the duration of his presidency, ostensibly to remain "above partisan politics" and "promote a multiparty system."[82]

 
Berdimuhamedow with Ilham Aliyev at the 18th Summit of Non-Aligned Movement in Baкu, 2019

In 2015, a golden statue of Berdimuhamedow riding a horse atop a white-marble cliff was erected in Ashgabat.[83][84]

The Turkmenistan Parliament abolished term limits for the presidency in September 2016, which allowed Berdimuhamedow to run for a third term.[85]

In January 2018, Berdimuhamedow ordered the impounding of black cars in the capital because he considered the color white to be "lucky". Police seized dark-colored vehicles in Ashgabat and their owners were told they must pay to have them repainted silver or white. The capital, known as the 'City of White Marble', holds the world record for the highest concentration of white-marble buildings. Berdimuhamedow is a known lover of the color white, living in a white palace and travelling in white limousines.[86] It was later reported that the ban extended to vehicles of all colors except white.[87]

In July 2018, he appeared in a rap video with his grandson. He had previously lifted weights on camera, and also acted as DJ.[88]

By decree of Berdimuhamedow in January 2019, the government will gradually end state funding of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan; it will be phased out in three years.[89]

Violation of individual rights

In 2010 the Obozrevatel magazine named Berdimuhamedow the fifth-worst dictator in the world out of 23 highlighted. In the Press Freedom Index (Reporters Without Borders), Turkmenistan ranks 176 out of 178.[90]

Turkmenistan has more political prisoners than any of the other former countries of the former Soviet Union.[91]

Corruption

 
Presidents of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan at the reception ceremony at the airport named after Islam Karimov, 2021

The country's economy is under total state control. Numerous attempts to attract foreign investors into the country often end in lawsuits in international courts.[citation needed] In 2018, the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (arbitration, part of the World Bank group of organizations) received claims against Turkmenistan from Sece Inşaat (Turkey) and investment company Unionmatex Industrieanlagen GmbH (Germany).[citation needed]

In 2019, the Belarusian construction company Belgorkhimprom also filed a similar claim with the court, to which Turkmenistan should pay about $200 million.[92][93]

Investors talk about discrimination by the Turkmen authorities, politicized bureaucracy, and a high level of corruption.[94]

In the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index, Turkmenistan ranked 161 among 180 countries in 2018. This is the lowest rating among countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.[95][96]

In 2019, Turkmenistan ranked 164th among 180 countries in the ranking of economic freedom.[97]

Cult of personality

 
Berdimuhamedow and Putin in 2022

He uses the honorific title Arkadag, translating to "protector" in the Turkmen language.[98]

Berdimuhamedow's grandfather and father both serve as part of his cult of personality. His grandfather, Berdimuhamed Annayev, has since 2018 been a posthumous recipient of the Russian Order of Honour, being one of two awards he holds (the other being the Soviet Order of the Badge of Honour).[99] The Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School of the Ministry of Defence is named in his honour. A museum in the defence ministry is also named after him. In May 2020, a special delegation from Russia led by Deputy Minister of Defence Alexander Fomin[100] brought the banner of Annayev's unit to Ashgabat,[101][102] being trooped through the square in front of the Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex during the inaugural Victory Day Parade in the capital.

On 1 September 2009, Secondary School No. 27 was renamed after Berdimuhamed Annayev and was opened with his son at the opening ceremony.[103] In October 2012, the Main Drama Theater of Turkmenistan staged a play based on Berdimuhamedov's book about his grandfather called "Good Name Imperishable".[104] Military Unit 1001 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is named in honor of Berdimuhamedow's father,[105] Malikguly Berdimuhamedow. In addition, in the town of Yzgant, the Palace of Culture is named after Berdimuhamedow's father, and a bust of him stands in front of it.[106]

On 20 December 2022, the Turkmen National Council of Turkmenistan passed a decree naming the new capital of Ahal Province "Arkadag" in honor of Berdimuhamedow.[107] Additionally, three buildings were named in honor of Berdimuhamedov or members of his family: a health and rehabilitation center in his honor, the horse breeding academy after his great-uncle, and a pedagogical school after his grandfather.[108]

The 21 January 2023 presidential decree appointing Berdimuhamedow chair of the People's Council contains the following paragraph as justification for his appointment as National Leader:

"Considering the tremendous merits in establishing a solid foundation for a democratic and secular state with rule of law, all-around development and strengthening the international prestige of independent neutral Turkmenistan, strengthening the unity of society, harmony and cohesion of the people during long years of state and social work, recognition as a prominent statesman and politician, who has received great honor, great respect, and esteem of the Turkmen people, high organizational skills in wise management demonstrating an outstanding example of competence, decisiveness, and leadership, successfully implementing the humane policy of "The state is for the man!" in the era of the Renaissance of the new era of the powerful state..."[66]

Honours

 
A specially handcrafted horse saddle given to him as a gift from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2015.

Domestic awards

  • 1994 – Star of President Order[citation needed]
  • 2016 – Medal «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 ýyllygyna» (25 Years of Turkmenistan's Independence)[109]
  • 2019 – «Hormatly il ýaşulusy» (Honorary Elder of the State)[110]
  • 2021 – «Türkmenistanyň ussat halypa seýsi» (Master Equestrian of Turkmenistan)[111]
  • 2022 – Skillful Diplomat of Turkmenistan[112]

Foreign awards

Supranational

Personal life

Family

According to a cable from the U.S. embassy in Ashgabat, Berdimuhamedow is married and has three daughters and one son. One of his sons-in-law, Yhlasgeldi Amanov, headed the Turkmen State Agency for Management and Use of Hydrocarbon Resources in London, was later assigned to the Turkmenistan Embassies in Berlin and London, and as of 23 November 2019 was Turkmenistan's consul general in Dubai.[134] The other son-in-law is also a diplomat, with a prior posting in Paris, but later assigned to Brussels.[26]

According to the same leaked cables, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow has a mistress, Marina, a Russian nurse, whom he supposedly met earlier in his dentist career. They have a daughter together. Berdimuhamedow's wife has been living in London since 2007.[26] His son, Serdar Berdimuhamedow, served as a colonel in the Armed Forces and held a series of high government posts, culminating in appointment as a deputy chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers.[135][136][137][138] At least three of Berdimuhamedow's grandchildren study in Switzerland: Kerimguly, Ogulbäbek, and Aýgül.[139] According to a biography of Berdimuhamedow's father, Malikguly, published in 2012, Berdimuhamedow has five sisters: Durdynabat (born 1960), Gulnabat (born 1962), Mähri (born 1964), Guljamal (born 1969), and Oguljamal (born 1974).[25]

On 18 April 2021, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow's father, Malikguly Berdimuhamedow, reportedly died at the age of 89.[140][141]

Hobbies

During his spare time from being President, from his dentistry career and from his political career, he writes books that are popular in Turkmenistan according to Turkmen propaganda.[142][143][144][145] Aside from writing books, he is known for writing songs, DJing and engaging in health activities.[146][147]

In 2019, Berdimuhamedow was awarded the highest award of the International Cycling Union (UCI) for his country’s commitment to the sport.[148]

Health

On 20 July 2019, the YouTube channel of a Turkmen opposition media outlet announced that Berdimuhamedow had reportedly died while on holiday at the age of 61. He was said to have been on leave since 15 July. These reports were published by multiple Russian media outlets on the next day.[149][150] The Turkmen Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan, Shadurdy Mereov, and the Kyrgyz Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied these claims on 21 July. According to Chronicle of Turkmenistan, Berdimuhamedow went to Germany because his mother was receiving medical treatment there, and her condition was critical.[151]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Turkmen Cyrillic: Гурбангулы Мәликгулиевич Бердимухамедов, Turkmen pronunciation: [ɢʊɾbɑnʁʊˈlɯ mælɪk'ɢʊlɯjɛβɪtʃ bɛɾdɯmʊxɑmɛˈdoβ]; Russian: Гурбангулы Мяликгулыевич Бердымухамедов, tr. Gurbanguly Malikgulyyevich Berdymukhamedov
  2. ^ Gurbanguly Berdymuhamedov, Berdymukhammedov; Although Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow is the only Turkmen form, and Turkmen, written with Latin alphabet, is the only official language of Turkmenistan, Western sources generally use the Russian form "Гурбангулы" or "Курбанкулы Мяликгулыевич Бердымухам(м)едов", using various transcriptions.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
  3. ^ The English version of the website of the presidency uses the spelling Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov.[11]

References

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External links

  •   Media related to Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Quotations related to Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow at Wikiquote
  • Presidency's official website 19 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  • Berdimuhamedow's Instagram Page

January 23, 2023
gurbanguly, berdimuhamedow, this, name, that, follows, eastern, slavic, naming, conventions, patronymic, mälikgulyýewiç, family, name, berdimuhamedow, gurbanguly, mälikgulyýewiç, berdimuhamedow, born, june, 1957, also, known, arkadag, cyrillic, Аркадаг, protec. In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions the patronymic is Malikgulyyewic and the family name is Berdimuhamedow Gurbanguly Malikgulyyewic Berdimuhamedow a b c 12 born 29 June 1957 also known as Arkadag Cyrillic Arkadag protector is a Turkmen politician who served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022 National Leader of the Turkmen PeopleArkadagGurbanguly BerdimuhamedowBerdimuhamedow in 2017Chairman of the People s Council of TurkmenistanIncumbentAssumed office 14 April 2021Preceded byPosition reestablished2nd President of TurkmenistanIn office 14 February 2007 19 March 2022Acting 21 December 2006 14 February 2007Vice PresidentRasit MeredowPreceded bySaparmurat NiyazovSucceeded bySerdar BerdimuhamedowLeader of the Democratic PartyIn office 4 August 2007 18 August 2013Acting 21 December 2006 4 August 2007Preceded bySaparmurat NiyazovSucceeded byKasymguly Babaev3rd Vice President of TurkmenistanIn office 1 March 2001 14 February 2007PresidentSaparmurat NiyazovHimself acting Preceded byOrazgeldi AydogdiyevSucceeded byRasit MeredowPersonal detailsBorn 1957 06 29 29 June 1957 age 65 Babarap Turkmen SSR Soviet UnionNationalityTurkmenPolitical partyIndependent 2013 present Other politicalaffiliationsTDP before 2013 SpouseOgulgerek BerdimuhamedovaChildren4 including SerdarParent s Malikguly BerdimuhamedovOgulabat KurrayevaAlma materTurkmen State Medical InstituteProfessionDentistMilitary serviceAllegiance TurkmenistanBranch service Turkmen Ground ForcesRankGeneral of the Army since 2007 1 A dentist by profession Berdimuhamedow served in the government of president Saparmurat Niyazov as the minister of health in 1997 and as the vice president in 2001 He became acting president following Niyazov s death on 21 December 2006 and subsequently won the 2007 presidential election He faced no meaningful opposition and won by an overwhelming margin with 89 of the vote 13 In 2012 he was re elected for a second term with 97 of the vote and he was re elected again in 2017 with 97 7 of the vote 14 15 He was among the candidates elected to the People s Council of Turkmenistan Turkmen Halk Maslahaty on 28 March 2021 as a member from Ahal Region 16 He reportedly received 100 of votes from the electors 17 On 14 April 2021 he was unanimously elected chairman of the People s Council the upper chamber of the Turkmen parliament 18 19 Like his predecessor Berdimuhamedow headed an authoritarian regime in which he was the subject of a cult of personality Rights groups have described Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow as one of the most repressive countries in the world 20 accusing Berdimuhamedow his relatives and his associates of possessing and exercising unlimited power over all aspects of public life 21 22 Berdimuhamedow stepped down as president on 19 March 2022 being succeeded by his son Serdar who won a snap election deemed as neither free nor fair 23 Contents 1 Early years 1 1 Professional career 2 Political rise 3 President of Turkmenistan 2006 2022 4 Post presidency and chair of the upper house 5 Criticism 5 1 Accusations of totalitarianism 5 2 Violation of individual rights 5 3 Corruption 5 4 Cult of personality 6 Honours 6 1 Domestic awards 6 2 Foreign awards 6 2 1 Supranational 7 Personal life 7 1 Family 7 2 Hobbies 7 3 Health 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksEarly years EditBerdimuhamedow was born on 29 June 1957 in Babarap in what is now Gokdepe District Ahal Province to Malikguly Berdimuhamedovich Berdimuhamedov 1932 2021 24 and Ogulabat Atayevna Kurrayeva 25 He is the only son in a family of six children Berdimuhamedow s father worked as a senior Interior Ministry officer in a prison guard detachment He retired as a colonel of police 26 His grandfather Berdimuhamet Annayev was a local teacher who served in the Red Army during World War II as part of the 748th Rifle Regiment of the 206th Rifle Division of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 27 In September 1943 his unit was one of the first to cross the Dnieper River 28 He was later killed in the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake 29 Professional career Edit Berdimuhamedow graduated from the Turkmen State Medical Institute in 1979 and entered a career in dentistry 30 He also received a PhD in medical sciences in Moscow 30 By 1992 he had become part of the dentistry faculty at the Medical Institute In 1995 during the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov he became head of the dentistry center of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry 31 Political rise Edit Berdimuhamedow with Russian President Vladimir Putin at Ashgabat Airport April 2002He was appointed to the government as Minister of Health in 1997 and he was additionally appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers also referred to as Deputy Prime Minister despite the lack of a Prime Ministerial post in Turkmenistan a post akin to that of a Vice President in 2001 32 33 In April 2004 Niyazov suspended Berdimuhamedow s salary for three months because healthcare workers were not being paid 31 The Health Ministry was responsible for carrying out Niyazov s order to close all hospitals outside of the national and provincial capitals in 2005 34 President of Turkmenistan 2006 2022 EditFollowing Niyazov s death in December 2006 the State Security Council of Turkmenistan appointed Berdimuhamedow acting president 35 The Council stated in its announcement that Owezgeldi Atayew who as the Chairman of the Assembly of Turkmenistan was to have become the acting president was not appointed in view of the fact that the prosecutor general had instituted criminal proceedings against him 36 Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow and Vladimir Putin in Tehran 2007 Article 60 of the Turkmen Constitution stipulated that the acting president may not stand for election to the Presidency 37 which would have barred Berdimuhamedow from running in the 2007 presidential elections However on 24 December 2006 the People s Council voted to remove this provision making him eligible for the election as one of the six chosen candidates all members of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan 38 Berdimuhamedov was supported by the political elite 39 and the official results showed him as winning 89 of the vote 13 40 Berdimuhamedow s appointment as interim president and subsequent run for president however violated the constitution 41 In his first presidential trip abroad Berdimuhamedov visited Saudi Arabia in mid April 2007 There he performed the Umrah pilgrimage and met with King Abdullah 42 He then visited Russia and President Vladimir Putin at the end of the same month After taking office Berdimuhamedow reversed several of Niyazov s more eccentric policies Internet cafes offering free and uncensored web access opened in Ashgabat 43 compulsory education was extended from nine to ten years and classes in sports and foreign languages were re introduced into the curriculum and the government announced plans to open several specialised schools for the arts 44 He called for reform of education health care and pension systems and government officials of non Turkmen ethnic origin who had been sacked by Niyazov were allowed to return to work 45 He also restored the pensions of 100 000 elderly people whose pensions Niyazov had slashed in the face of an unspecified budget crisis 46 Later on he reopened the Turkmen Academy of Sciences which had been closed by Niyazov 47 With President Dmitry Medvedev and President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev September 2009 In 2015 work on TAPI began under his government 48 49 In February 2017 he was reelected to a third term as President of Turkmenistan seven year term with nearly 98 of the votes in his favor and with an eligible voter turnout of 97 50 51 In October 2017 he offered a top Turkmen bred variety of the Central Asian shepherd dog to Vladimir Putin 52 He is president of the National Olympic Committee of Turkmenistan 53 In 2020 Berdimuhamedow presided over the COVID 19 pandemic in Turkmenistan He was among eight world leaders to have received the Ig Nobel Prize in Medical Education for using the COVID 19 viral pandemic to teach the world that politicians can have a more immediate effect on life and death than scientists and doctors can 54 On November 10 of that same year he unveiled a golden statue of his favourite dog breed the Central Asian shepherd 55 Informal meeting of the CIS heads of state in May 2012 Berdimuhamedow replaced the Interior Minister Mammetkhan Chakiyev with his deputy Ovezdurdy Khojaniyazov on 1 July 2021 Khojaniyazov has little public profile to speak of but one of his most recent positions as of May at least was as deputy head of the Awaza tourist recreation zone 56 The previous Interior Minister Iskender Mulikov was arrested sentenced to a lengthy prison term on corruption charges and shown on state television handcuffed in a prison robe with his head shaved 57 In July 2021 Berdimuhamedow ordered the deployment of troops and heavy weapons and armour on the Afghanistan Turkmenistan border in order to avoid a spillover of the Afghan conflict into Turkmenistan 58 59 In February 2022 it was reported from Reuters that Berdimuhamedow was planning to resign after an early presidential election on 12 March 60 fuelling speculation that he would be preparing for his son Serdar to succeed him as the next President 61 Berdimuhamedow did not contest the election which was subsequently won by Serdar 62 establishing Turkmenistan as the first Central Asian country to transfer power dynastically from father to son 63 Serdar was inaugurated as the next President on 19 March 64 Post presidency and chair of the upper house EditBerdimuhamedow visited Moscow on November 1 at the invitation of the speaker of the Russian upper house Valentina Matvienko 65 On 21 January 2023 Berdimuhamedow s son as president reappointed Berdimuhamedow to the chairmanship of the reorganized People s Council of Turkmenistan 66 Via a separate constitutional law signed into effect 21 January 2023 President Serdar Berdimuhamedow also appointed his father national leader Turkmen Milli Lider of Turkmenistan This appointment accords the elder Berdimuhamedow the right to speak out on any matter of public interest as well as immunity from prosecution which immunity extends also to members of his family personal protection by national security agencies and financial support from the government 67 Criticism EditAccusations of totalitarianism Edit Further information Human rights in Turkmenistan External video Turkmenistan s president announces end of free gas electricity water and salt Turkmen president visits local village Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei receives Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in his house 2015 Upon taking office Berdimuhamedow eased travel restrictions and reopened libraries in rural areas He also took steps to curb Niyazov s extensive personality cult He called for an end to the elaborate pageants of music and dancing that formerly greeted the president on his arrival anywhere and said that the Turkmen sacred oath part of which states that the speaker s tongue should shrivel if he ever speaks ill of Turkmenistan or its president should not be recited multiple times a day but reserved for special occasions 68 He also gave up his right to rename any landmarks institutions or cities 69 restored the traditional names of the months of the year and days of the week Niyazov had renamed them after himself and his mother among other things 70 and announced plans to move the gold rotating statue of Niyazov from Ashgabat s central square 71 Vladimir Putin and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in 2017 Despite these changes Berdimuhamedow s regime remained rigidly authoritarian indeed in 2007 he ruled out any move toward Western style democracy 72 Freedom House rated Berdimuhamedow s Turkmenistan as one of the most repressive and closed regimes in the world It has ranked Turkmenistan near the bottom of its Freedom in the World rankings since the country s independence a state of affairs that has continued since Berdimuhamedow took office In 2017 the country was one of 11 with the lowest aggregate scores for political and civil rights 73 Human Rights Watch noted that Berdimuhamedow not only has complete control over public life and the media but presides over a regime that does not tolerate alternative political or religious expression 74 Reporters Without Borders RSF has ranked Turkmenistan near the bottom of its Press Freedom Index for most of Berdimuhamedow s tenure as it did under Niyazov In 2017 RWB ranked Turkmenistan 178th out of 180 countries surveyed ahead of Eritrea and North Korea RSF noted that internet access is heavily censored in Turkmenistan and that satellite dishes have been removed by government officials 75 In 2008 he dismissed Akmyrat Rejepow the longtime chief of the presidential security detail and one of the main proponents of Niyazov s personality cult 76 In 2011 he sang a song on a video posted to YouTube 77 In May 2013 he fell off his horse during a race The fall was censored on TV but leaked online 78 and mocked on an episode of HBO s Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in 2019 79 Journalists leaving the country following the accident reported that their electronic devices were searched for traces of footage of the incident 80 In July 2013 Jennifer Lopez publicly apologized for singing Happy birthday to Berdimuhamedow during a sponsored concert stating she was not aware of the human rights issues in Turkmenistan prior to the show 81 In August 2013 Berdimuhamedow suspended his Democratic Party of Turkmenistan membership for the duration of his presidency ostensibly to remain above partisan politics and promote a multiparty system 82 Berdimuhamedow with Ilham Aliyev at the 18th Summit of Non Aligned Movement in Baku 2019 In 2015 a golden statue of Berdimuhamedow riding a horse atop a white marble cliff was erected in Ashgabat 83 84 The Turkmenistan Parliament abolished term limits for the presidency in September 2016 which allowed Berdimuhamedow to run for a third term 85 In January 2018 Berdimuhamedow ordered the impounding of black cars in the capital because he considered the color white to be lucky Police seized dark colored vehicles in Ashgabat and their owners were told they must pay to have them repainted silver or white The capital known as the City of White Marble holds the world record for the highest concentration of white marble buildings Berdimuhamedow is a known lover of the color white living in a white palace and travelling in white limousines 86 It was later reported that the ban extended to vehicles of all colors except white 87 In July 2018 he appeared in a rap video with his grandson He had previously lifted weights on camera and also acted as DJ 88 By decree of Berdimuhamedow in January 2019 the government will gradually end state funding of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan it will be phased out in three years 89 Violation of individual rights Edit In 2010 the Obozrevatel magazine named Berdimuhamedow the fifth worst dictator in the world out of 23 highlighted In the Press Freedom Index Reporters Without Borders Turkmenistan ranks 176 out of 178 90 Turkmenistan has more political prisoners than any of the other former countries of the former Soviet Union 91 Corruption Edit Presidents of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan at the reception ceremony at the airport named after Islam Karimov 2021 The country s economy is under total state control Numerous attempts to attract foreign investors into the country often end in lawsuits in international courts citation needed In 2018 the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes arbitration part of the World Bank group of organizations received claims against Turkmenistan from Sece Insaat Turkey and investment company Unionmatex Industrieanlagen GmbH Germany citation needed In 2019 the Belarusian construction company Belgorkhimprom also filed a similar claim with the court to which Turkmenistan should pay about 200 million 92 93 Investors talk about discrimination by the Turkmen authorities politicized bureaucracy and a high level of corruption 94 In the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index Turkmenistan ranked 161 among 180 countries in 2018 This is the lowest rating among countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 95 96 In 2019 Turkmenistan ranked 164th among 180 countries in the ranking of economic freedom 97 Cult of personality Edit Berdimuhamedow and Putin in 2022 He uses the honorific title Arkadag translating to protector in the Turkmen language 98 Berdimuhamedow s grandfather and father both serve as part of his cult of personality His grandfather Berdimuhamed Annayev has since 2018 been a posthumous recipient of the Russian Order of Honour being one of two awards he holds the other being the Soviet Order of the Badge of Honour 99 The Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School of the Ministry of Defence is named in his honour A museum in the defence ministry is also named after him In May 2020 a special delegation from Russia led by Deputy Minister of Defence Alexander Fomin 100 brought the banner of Annayev s unit to Ashgabat 101 102 being trooped through the square in front of the Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex during the inaugural Victory Day Parade in the capital On 1 September 2009 Secondary School No 27 was renamed after Berdimuhamed Annayev and was opened with his son at the opening ceremony 103 In October 2012 the Main Drama Theater of Turkmenistan staged a play based on Berdimuhamedov s book about his grandfather called Good Name Imperishable 104 Military Unit 1001 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is named in honor of Berdimuhamedow s father 105 Malikguly Berdimuhamedow In addition in the town of Yzgant the Palace of Culture is named after Berdimuhamedow s father and a bust of him stands in front of it 106 On 20 December 2022 the Turkmen National Council of Turkmenistan passed a decree naming the new capital of Ahal Province Arkadag in honor of Berdimuhamedow 107 Additionally three buildings were named in honor of Berdimuhamedov or members of his family a health and rehabilitation center in his honor the horse breeding academy after his great uncle and a pedagogical school after his grandfather 108 The 21 January 2023 presidential decree appointing Berdimuhamedow chair of the People s Council contains the following paragraph as justification for his appointment as National Leader Considering the tremendous merits in establishing a solid foundation for a democratic and secular state with rule of law all around development and strengthening the international prestige of independent neutral Turkmenistan strengthening the unity of society harmony and cohesion of the people during long years of state and social work recognition as a prominent statesman and politician who has received great honor great respect and esteem of the Turkmen people high organizational skills in wise management demonstrating an outstanding example of competence decisiveness and leadership successfully implementing the humane policy of The state is for the man in the era of the Renaissance of the new era of the powerful state 66 Honours EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message A specially handcrafted horse saddle given to him as a gift from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2015 Domestic awards Edit 1994 Star of President Order citation needed 2016 Medal Turkmenistanyn Garassyzlygynyn 25 yyllygyna 25 Years of Turkmenistan s Independence 109 2019 Hormatly il yasulusy Honorary Elder of the State 110 2021 Turkmenistanyn ussat halypa seysi Master Equestrian of Turkmenistan 111 2022 Skillful Diplomat of Turkmenistan 112 Foreign awards Edit 2007 Saudi Arabia Order of King Abdulaziz 113 2007 United Arab Emirates Order of Zayed 114 2007 Uzbekistan Order of Distinguished Service citation needed 2008 Kazakhstan Medal 10 years of Astana citation needed 2010 Tajikistan Order of Ismoili Somoni 115 2011 Bahrain Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa 116 2012 Turkey First Class of the Order of the State of Republic of Turkey 117 2013 Serbia Order of the Republic of Serbia 118 2014 China Honorary Professor Beijing Medical University 119 2014 Azerbaijan Order of Sheikh ul Islam 120 2015 South Korea Honorary Doctorate Sungkyunkwan University 121 2015 Japan Honorary Doctorate University of Tsukuba 122 2016 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Gazy Mohammad Akbar Khan Medal 123 2016 Pakistan Honorary Doctor of Political Science Quaid i Azam University 124 2016 2017 Moldova Order of the Republic 125 2017 Gagauzia Order of Gagauz Yeri 126 2017 Kazakhstan Order of Dostyk 127 2017 Russia Order of Alexander Nevsky 128 2017 Russia Order of Dyslyk 129 2018 Malaysia Certificate of Award for development of mass media Asia Pacific Broadcasters Association 130 2022 Kazakhstan Order of the Golden Eagle 131 2022 Russia Order For Merit to the Fatherland 132 Supranational Edit 2022 Organization of Turkic States 2022 Supreme Order of Turkic World 133 Personal life EditFamily Edit According to a cable from the U S embassy in Ashgabat Berdimuhamedow is married and has three daughters and one son One of his sons in law Yhlasgeldi Amanov headed the Turkmen State Agency for Management and Use of Hydrocarbon Resources in London was later assigned to the Turkmenistan Embassies in Berlin and London and as of 23 November 2019 was Turkmenistan s consul general in Dubai 134 The other son in law is also a diplomat with a prior posting in Paris but later assigned to Brussels 26 According to the same leaked cables Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow has a mistress Marina a Russian nurse whom he supposedly met earlier in his dentist career They have a daughter together Berdimuhamedow s wife has been living in London since 2007 26 His son Serdar Berdimuhamedow served as a colonel in the Armed Forces and held a series of high government posts culminating in appointment as a deputy chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers 135 136 137 138 At least three of Berdimuhamedow s grandchildren study in Switzerland Kerimguly Ogulbabek and Aygul 139 According to a biography of Berdimuhamedow s father Malikguly published in 2012 Berdimuhamedow has five sisters Durdynabat born 1960 Gulnabat born 1962 Mahri born 1964 Guljamal born 1969 and Oguljamal born 1974 25 On 18 April 2021 Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow s father Malikguly Berdimuhamedow reportedly died at the age of 89 140 141 Hobbies Edit During his spare time from being President from his dentistry career and from his political career he writes books that are popular in Turkmenistan according to Turkmen propaganda 142 143 144 145 Aside from writing books he is known for writing songs DJing and engaging in health activities 146 147 In 2019 Berdimuhamedow was awarded the highest award of the International Cycling Union UCI for his country s commitment to the sport 148 Health Edit On 20 July 2019 the YouTube channel of a Turkmen opposition media outlet announced that Berdimuhamedow had reportedly died while on holiday at the age of 61 He was said to have been on leave since 15 July These reports were published by multiple Russian media outlets on the next day 149 150 The Turkmen Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan Shadurdy Mereov and the Kyrgyz Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied these claims on 21 July According to Chronicle of Turkmenistan Berdimuhamedow went to Germany because his mother was receiving medical treatment there and her condition was critical 151 See also EditPolitics of TurkmenistanNotes Edit Turkmen Cyrillic Gurbanguly Mәlikgulievich Berdimuhamedov Turkmen pronunciation ɢʊɾbɑnʁʊˈlɯ maelɪk ɢʊlɯjɛbɪtʃ bɛɾdɯmʊxɑmɛˈdob Russian Gurbanguly Myalikgulyevich Berdymuhamedov tr 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nagrazhdenii Ego Prevoshoditelstva gospodina Gurbanguly Berdymuhamedova ordenom Ordinul Republicii Archived from the original on 13 November 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2021 TURKMENISTAN PRESIDENT DECORATED WITH GAGAUZIA S ORDER 30 June 2017 Archived from the original on 14 January 2022 Retrieved 14 January 2022 Prezidenta Turkmenistana nagradili kazahskim ordenom Dostyk in Russian Chronicles of Turkmenistan 18 April 2017 Archived from the original on 16 April 2021 Retrieved 16 April 2021 Press statements following Russia Turkmenistan talks President of Russia Archived from the original on 3 October 2017 Retrieved 2 October 2017 AKIpress News Agency m akipress com Archived from the original on 4 March 2020 Retrieved 23 August 2019 Prezident Turkmenistana poluchil nagradu za razvitie SMI v regione in Russian Chronicles of Turkmenistan 5 October 2018 Archived from the original on 16 April 2021 Retrieved 16 April 2021 Tokaev vruchil Berdymuhamedovu orden Altyn Қyran www zakon kz 29 June 2022 Turkmenistan s Ex President Hails Putin s Role in Boosting Ties Between Moscow and Ashgabat Mirziyoyev awards Erdogan and Berdimuhamedov with Highest Order of Turkic World News Turk Kenesi Retrieved 11 November 2022 V Dubae otkrylos turkmenskoe konsulstvo kotoroe vozglavil zyat Berdymuhamedova in Russian Hronika Turkmenistana 24 November 2019 Archived from the original on 27 November 2019 Retrieved 26 November 2019 Berdymuhamedov nagradil svoego syna medalyu imeni svoego otca Archived 10 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Azattyq com 30 October 2017 Ukaz Prezidenta Turkmenistana o Berdimuhamedove S G Nejtralnyj Turkmenistan 12 February 2021 Turkmenistanyn Ministrler Kabinetinin we Dowlet howpsuzlyk genesinin bilelikdaki ginisleyin mejlisi in Turkmen Turkmenistanyn Dowlet Gumruk Gullugy 12 February 2021 Archived from the original on 2 May 2021 Retrieved 15 February 2021 Turkmenistanyn Ministrler Kabinetinin we Dowlet howpsuzlyk genesinin bilelikdaki ginisleyin mejlisi in Turkmen 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from the original on 7 August 2019 Retrieved 23 August 2019 The book dedicated to the 60th anniversary of President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov was published tpetroleum Archived from the original on 31 December 2018 Retrieved 23 August 2019 Turkmenistan president lauds tea drinking in new book Chronicles of Turkmenistan 24 March 2016 Archived from the original on 24 August 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2018 Turkmenistan Source Chronicle of 11 July 2018 Turkmenistan s president performs in rap video with his grandson video The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on 6 April 2020 Retrieved 23 August 2019 INTERVIEW OF THE PRESIDENT OF TURKMENISTAN FOR THE TURKMENISTAN MAGAZINE Turkmenistan ru Archived from the original on 14 February 2021 Retrieved 6 February 2021 The President of Turkmenistan Awarded with UCI Certificate Business com 4 July 2019 Archived from the original on 2 May 2021 Retrieved 19 September 2020 Press sluzhba prezidenta Uzbekistana podtverdila chto lider Turkmenii zhiv govoritmoskva ru in Russian Archived from the original on 2 May 2021 Retrieved 23 August 2019 Umer prezident Turkmenistana Gurbanguly Berdymuhamedov soobshili SMI gazeta ru in Russian 21 July 2019 Archived from the original on 21 July 2019 Retrieved 21 July 2019 Embassy of Turkmenistan refutes media reports about death of Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov Akipress com 21 July 2019 Archived from the original on 21 July 2019 Retrieved 21 July 2019 External links Edit Media related to Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow at Wikimedia Commons Quotations related to Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow at Wikiquote Presidency s official website Archived 19 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Berdimuhamedow s Instagram Page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow amp oldid 1135167213, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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