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The Force

April 27, 2024

This article is about the metaphysical power in the Star Wars universe. For other uses, see The Force (disambiguation).
"May the Force be with you" redirects here. For other uses, see May the Force be with you (disambiguation).
"Jedi mind trick" redirects here. For the band, see Jedi Mind Tricks.

The Force is a metaphysical and ubiquitous power in the Star Wars fictional universe. "Force-sensitive" characters use the Force throughout the franchise. Heroes like the Jedi seek to "become one with the Force", matching their personal wills with the will of the Force, while the Sith and other villains exploit the Force and try to bend it toward their own selfish and destructive desires. The Force has been compared to aspects of several world religions, and the phrase "May the Force be with you" has become part of pop culture vernacular.

Concept and development edit

 
George Lucas created the concept of "the Force" both to advance the plot of Star Wars (1977) and to try to awaken a sense of spirituality in young audience members.

Creation for the original films edit

George Lucas created the concept of the Force to address character and plot developments in Star Wars (1977).[1] He also wanted to "awaken a certain kind of spirituality" in young audiences, suggesting a belief in God without endorsing any specific religion.[2] He developed the Force as a nondenominational religious concept, "distill[ed from] the essence of all religions", premised on the existence of God and distinct ideas of good and evil.[1] Lucas said there is a conscious choice between good and bad, and "the world works better if you're on the good side".[3] In 1970s San Francisco, where Lucas lived when he wrote the drafts that became Star Wars, New Age ideas that incorporated the concept of qi and other notions of a mystical life-force were "in the air" and widely embraced.[4]

Lucas used the term the Force to "echo" its use by Canadian cinematographer Roman Kroitor in Arthur Lipsett's 21-87 (1963), a National Film Board production, in which Kroitor says, "Many people feel that in the contemplation of nature and in communication with other living things, they become aware of some kind of force, or something, behind this apparent mask which we see in front of us, and they call it God".[2] Although Lucas had Kroitor's line in mind specifically, Lucas said the underlying sentiment is universal and that "similar phrases have been used extensively by many different people for the last 13,000 years".[5]

The first draft of Star Wars makes two references to "the Force of Others" and does not explain the concept: King Kayos utters the blessing "May the Force of Others be with you all", and he later says "I feel the Force also".[6] The power of the Force of Others is kept secret by the Jedi Bendu of the Ashla, an "aristocratic cult" in the second draft.[7][8] The second draft offers a lengthy explanation of the Force of Others and introduces its Ashla light side and Bogan dark side.[8] The Ashla and Bogan are mentioned 10 and 31 times, respectively, and the Force of Others plays a more prominent role in the story.[9] In this draft, Luke Starkiller's mission is to retrieve the Kyber Crystal, which can intensify either the Ashla or Bogan powers.[7] The film's shorter third draft has no references to the Ashla, but it mentions the Bogan eight times and Luke is still driven to recover the Kyber Crystal.[10][11]

Lucas finished the fourth and near-final draft on January 1, 1976.[12] This version trims "the Force of Others" to "the Force", makes a single reference to the Force's seductive "dark side", distills an explanation of the Force to 28 words, and eliminates the Kyber Crystal.[13] Producer Gary Kurtz, who studied comparative religion in college, had long discussions with Lucas about religion and philosophy throughout the writing process.[14] Kurtz told Lucas he was unhappy with drafts in which the Force was connected with the Kyber Crystal, and he was also dissatisfied with the early Ashla and Bogan concepts.[14]

"The act of living generates a force field, an energy. That energy surrounds us; when we die, that energy joins with all the other energy. There is a giant mass of energy in the universe that has a good side and a bad side. We are part of the Force because we generate the power that makes the Force live. When we die, we become part of that Force, so we never really die; we continue as part of the Force."

—George Lucas during a production meeting for The Empire Strikes Back[15]

Lucas and screenwriter Leigh Brackett decided that the Force and the Emperor would be the main concerns in The Empire Strikes Back (1980).[16] The focus on the Emperor was later shifted to Return of the Jedi (1983),[16] and the dark side of the Force was treated as The Empire Strikes Back's main villain.[17]

Prequel films and midi-chlorians edit

See also: Jedi § Prequel trilogy
"Midichlorians" redirects here. For the bacteria, see Midichloria.

The Phantom Menace (1999) introduces midi-chlorians (or midichlorians), microscopic creatures that connect characters to the Force. Lucas later requested a passage about midi-chlorians be retroactively added to notes written in August 1977 expanding on the nature of the Force.[18][19] Lucas based the concept on symbiogenesis,[20] calling midi-chlorians a "loose depiction" of mitochondria.[21] He further said:

[Mitochondria] probably had something ... to do with the beginnings of life and how one cell decided to become two cells with a little help from this other little creature who came in, without whom life couldn't exist. And it's really a way of saying we have hundreds of little creatures who live on us, and without them, we all would die. There wouldn't be any life. They are necessary for us; we are necessary for them. Using them in the metaphor, saying society is the same way, says we all must get along with each other.[21]

In a rough draft of Revenge of the Sith (2005), Palpatine says he "used the power of the Force to will the midichlorians to start the cell divisions that created" Anakin Skywalker.[22] This line was removed as the script progressed.

Sequel films and other productions edit

Lucas' story treatments for a potential sequel trilogy involved "a microbiotic world" and creatures known as the Whills, beings that "control the universe" and "feed off the Force." He elaborated that individuals function as "vehicles for the Whills to travel around in", and that midi-chlorians "communicate with the Whills [who] in a general sense ... are the Force."[23] After selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, Lucas said his biggest concern about the franchise's future was the Force being "muddled into a bunch of gobbledegook".[24]

When writing The Force Awakens (2015) with Lawrence Kasdan, J. J. Abrams respected that Lucas had established midi-chlorians' effect on some characters' ability to use the Force.[25] However, as a child, he interpreted Obi-Wan Kenobi's explanation of the Force in Star Wars to mean that any character could use its power, and that the Force was more grounded in spirituality than science.[25] Abrams retained the idea of the Force having a light and a dark side, and some characters' seduction by the dark side helps create conflict for the story.[26] Pablo Hidalgo of the Lucasfilm Story Group gave his "blessing" for writer-director Rian Johnson to introduce a new Force power in The Last Jedi (2017) "if the story required it and if it felt like it stretches into new territory but doesn't break the idea of what the Force can do."[27] Johnson observed that every Star Wars movie introduces new Force powers to meet that film's story needs.[27]

Star Wars Rebels producer Dave Filoni cites several influences on how the Force is used in the show. The character Bendu—named in homage to the term Lucas originally associated with the Jedi—does not align with the franchise's normal dark-or-light duality, and this role is an extension of Filoni's conversations with Lucas about the nature of the Force.[28][29] Filoni credits the prequel films for better developing the concept of the Force, particularly the idea of a balance between the light and dark sides.[30]

Depiction edit

 
This concept art by Greg Knight of a stormtrooper being "Force pushed" was an early visualization of how the Force would be depicted in LucasArts' The Force Unleashed (2008).[31]

Obi-Wan Kenobi describes the Force as "an energy field created by all living things" in Star Wars. In The Phantom Menace, Qui-Gon says microscopic lifeforms called midi-chlorians, which exist inside all living cells, allow some characters to be Force-sensitive; characters must have a high enough midi-chlorian count to feel and use the Force. Midi-chlorians are sentient,[1] and arguably were the first species to emerge in the Star Wars universe.[32] The species was a foundation of all life, as some deemed life impossible without midi-chlorians,[33] and ultimately resided in all living beings, connecting two aspects of the Force.[32] The Living Force (also known as a spirit or life essence)[34] is the energy generated by all living things.[35] Through midi-chlorians, it is fed into the Cosmic Force, which bounds all things and communicates with living sentient beings.[36]

In 1981, Lucas compared using the Force to yoga, saying any character can use its power.[37] Dave Filoni said in 2015 that all Star Wars characters are "Force intuitive": some characters, like Luke Skywalker, are aware of their connection to the Force, while characters such as Han Solo draw upon the Force unconsciously.[38] Filoni said the most potent Force users are characters whose midi-chlorian count provides a natural affinity for using the Force and who undertake intense training and discipline.[39] Rogue One (2016) portrays the Force more as a religion "than simply a way to manipulate objects and people".[40] In the years following the Great Jedi Purge depicted in the prequel trilogy, some characters have lost faith in the Force,[41] and the Galactic Empire hunts down surviving Jedi and other Force-sensitive characters. By the time of the events in The Force Awakens, some characters think the Jedi and the Force are myths.[42]

Some Force-sensitive characters derive special, psychic abilities from it, such as telekinesis, mind control, and extrasensory perception. The Force is sometimes referred to in terms of "dark" and "light" sides, with villains like the Sith drawing on the dark side to act aggressively while the Jedi use the light side for defense and peace.[43] According to Filoni, Lucas believed a character's intentions when using the Force—their "will to be selfless or selfish"—is what distinguishes light and dark sides.[30] The Force is also used by characters who are neither Jedi nor Sith, such as Leia Organa and Kylo Ren.[44][45] Characters throughout the franchise use their Force powers in myriad ways, including Obi-Wan using a "mind trick" to undermine a stormtrooper's will,[46][47] Darth Vader choking subordinates without touching them,[48] Qui-Gon Jinn repelling several battle droids at once, Rey lifting a large pile of rocks, and Kylo Ren stopping blaster fire in mid-air.[49][50] Film and television use of the Force is sometimes accompanied by a sound effect, such as a deep rumble associated with aggressive use or a more high-pitched sound associated with benevolent use.[51]

 
From left: Anakin Skywalker (Sebastian Shaw), Yoda (Frank Oz), and Obi-Wan Kenobi (Alec Guinness) appear as spirits at the end of the original version of Return of the Jedi.

Jedi with special training can continue to exist after death, and some interact with the living as "being[s] of light"[52] referred to as "Force ghosts."[53][54] Obi-Wan's spirit provides Luke with guidance at key moments in the original trilogy,[54][55] and Yoda appears as a spirit to guide Luke in The Last Jedi.[56] Voices of past Jedi help Rey at the climax of The Rise of Skywalker, and Luke's and Leia's spirits watch over her at the film's conclusion.[57] In an early draft of Return of the Jedi, Lucas planned to resurrect Obi-Wan and Yoda at the climax,[58] and some drafts included scenes of the two helping Luke stop the Emperor.[59] The final arc of The Clone Wars' sixth season reveals that Qui-Gon Jinn learned how to transition into the "cosmic Force" from entities who represent various emotions;[54] Yoda hears the deceased Qui-Gon's voice in Attack of the Clones (2002), and he reveals in Revenge of the Sith that he has contact with Qui-Gon.[54] A short story by Claudia Gray depicts Obi-Wan learning this technique from Qui-Gon in the years leading up to Star Wars.[60]

The Force plays an important role in several Star Wars plot lines. Anakin Skywalker's rise as a Jedi, descent into the Sith Lord Darth Vader, and redemption back to the light side of the Force is the main story arc for the first six Star Wars films.[61] Yoda's arc in the sixth season of The Clone Wars depicts him exploring "bigger questions" about the Force and taking various inspirations from the franchise's expanded universe.[62] In The Force Awakens, Finn's exposure to the Force helps make him question his training.[63] Writer Rian Johnson used the Force to allow Rey and Kylo Ren to communicate in The Last Jedi, developing the characters' relationship.[27]

Analysis edit

Chris Taylor called the Force "largely a mystery" in Star Wars.[3] Taylor ascribes the "more poetic, more spiritual ... and more demonstrative" descriptions of the Force in The Empire Strikes Back to Lawrence Kasdan, who co-wrote the film, but says the film does little to expand audiences' understanding of it.[3] In 1997, Lucas said that the more detail he articulated about the Force and how it works, the more it took away from its core meaning.[64] Kotaku suggests Rian Johnson depicted more nuance in the Force in The Last Jedi than Lucas did in his films.[65] According to Rob Weinert-Kendt, the "Force theme" in John Williams' score represents the power and responsibility of wielding the Force.[66]

Comparison to magic edit

Paranormal abilities like the Force are a common device in science fiction,[67] and the Force has been compared to the role magic plays in the fantasy genre.[68] The Star Wars films illustrate that characters not familiar with the particulars of the Force associate it with mysticism and magic, such as when an Imperial officer alludes to the "sorcerer's ways" of Darth Vader.[68] The depiction of the Force in Star Wars has been compared to that of magic in Harry Potter, with the former being described as more of a "spiritual force".[69] According to The A.V. Club, The Last Jedi depicts the Force "closer to the sorcery of fairy tales and medieval romance than it's ever been."[70]

Eric Charles points out that the television films The Ewok Adventure (1984) and Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985), intended for children, are "fairy tales in a science fiction setting" which feature magic and other fairy tale motifs rather than the Force and science-fiction tropes.[71] These Ewok films have been described as depicting "sorcery" that is distinct from the Force powers depicted in the first six Star Wars films.[72] Drawing from the Star Wars roleplaying game sourcebook he co-authored in 1987, Bill Slavicsek says that "The Ewoks' mystical beliefs contain many references to the Force, though it is never named as such."[73]

Religion and spirituality edit

In his 1977 review of Star Wars, Vincent Canby of The New York Times called the Force "a mixture of what appears to be ESP and early Christian faith."[74] It has been studied in a religious context from an academic perspective.[75] The Magic of Myth compares the sharp distinction between the good "light side" and evil "dark side" of the Force to Zoroastrianism, which posits that "good and evil, like light and darkness, are contrary realities".[43] The connectedness between the light and dark sides has been compared to the relationship between yin and yang in Taoism,[76] although the balance between yin and yang lacks the element of evil associated with the dark side.[77] Taylor identifies other similarities between the Force and a Navajo prayer, prana, and qi.[19] It is a common plot device in jidaigeki films like The Hidden Fortress (1958), which inspired Star Wars, for samurai who master qi to achieve astonishing feats of swordsmanship.[78] Taylor added that the lack of detail about the Force makes it "a religion for the secular age".[3] According to Jennifer Porter, professor of religious studies at the Memorial University of Newfoundland, "the Force is a metaphor for godhood that resonates and inspires within [people] a deeper commitment to the godhood identified within their traditional faith".[79] According to Christian Pastor Clayton Keenan, "the spirituality of 'Star Wars' has to do with the Force. It's depicted as ... something supernatural within this universe, but it's not the same thing as a personal god that Christians or Jews or Muslims might believe in. It's this impersonal force that is in some ways this neutral, impersonal energy that is out there to be used for good or for evil."[80]

At one point, Francis Ford Coppola suggested to George Lucas that they use their combined fortunes to start a religion based on the Force.[81] Practitioners of Jediism pray to and express gratitude to the Force.[82]

Scientific analysis edit

Scientists are mostly skeptical about a "real world" explanation for the Force.[83] Astrophysicist Jeanne Cavelos says in The Science of Star Wars that explaining the Force is particularly difficult because "it does so many different things".[84] Force powers like precognition imply the time travel of information.[85] Cavelos explores the possibility of brain implants or sensors being used to detect users' intent and manipulate energy fields, and compares such discipline to contemporary patients learning to control prosthetics.[86]

A scientific explanation of the Force would require new discoveries in physics, such as unknown fields or particles[87] or a fifth force beyond the four fundamental interactions.[88] Flavio Fenton of the Georgia Institute of Technology School of Physics suggests a fifth force would carry two types of charge—one for the light side and one for the dark—and that each would be carried by its own particle.[89] Nepomuk Otte, also from Georgia Tech, cautions that Newton's third law of motion says telekinesis would apply a force back on the Force-wielding character.[89] Fabien Paillusson from the University of Lincoln argues that the Force of the Star Wars universe reflects our own quest for understanding the forces of the world we live in.[90]

Cultural impact edit

 
A Feynman diagram of one way the Higgs boson might be produced. National Geographic compared the boson's role in "carrying" the Higgs field to the way Jedi are "carriers" of the Force.[91]
See also: Cultural impact of Star Wars

National Geographic compared the Higgs boson's role as "carrier" of the Higgs field to the way Jedi are "carriers" of the Force.[91] A previsualization video highlighting the idea of "kicking someone's ass with the Force" steered LucasArts game designers toward producing The Force Unleashed (2008),[92][93] which sold six million copies as of July 2009.[94] In 2009, Uncle Milton Industries released a toy, called the Force Trainer, which uses EEG to read users' beta waves to lift a training droid-themed ball with a shaft of air.[95][96]

The New Republic, Townhall, The Atlantic, and others have compared various political machinations to the "Jedi mind trick", a Force power used to undermine opponents' perceptions and willpower.[97][47][98][99]

Critical response edit

Critic Tim Robley compared the Force to the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz (1939), with both being entities that send the protagonist on a quest.[100] In her 1980 Washington Post review of The Empire Strikes Back, Judith Martin described the Force as "a mishmash of current cultic fashions without any base in ideas. It doesn't seem to be connected with ethics or a code of decent behavior, either."[101] John Simon wrote in his 1977 review of Star Wars for New York magazine:

And then there is that distressing thing called the Force, which is ... Lucas's tribute to something beyond science: imagination, the soul, God in man ... It appears in various contradictory and finally nonsensical guises, a facile and perfunctory bow to metaphysics. I wish that Lucas had had the courage of his materialistic convictions, instead dragging in a sop to a spiritual force the main thrust of the movie so cheerfully ignores.[102][103]

The introduction of midi-chlorians in The Phantom Menace was controversial, with Evan Narcisse of Time writing that the concept ruined Star Wars for him and a generation of fans because "the mechanisms of the Force became less spiritual and more scientific".[21] Film historian Daniel Dinello called midi-chlorians "anathema to Star Wars fanatics who thought they reduced the Force to a kind of viral infection."[104] Referring to "midi-chlorians" became a screenwriting shorthand for over-explaining a concept.[105] Although Chris Taylor suggested fans want less detail, not more, in explaining the Force,[3][106] Chris Bell argues that the introduction of midi-chlorians provided depth to the franchise and fomented engagement among fans and franchise writers.[105] Religion expert John D. Caputo writes, "In the 'Gospel according to Lucas' a world is conjured up in which the intractable oppositions that have tormented religious thinkers for centuries are reconciled ... The gifts that the Jedi masters enjoy have a perfectly plausible scientific basis, even if its ways are mysterious".[107]

Characters' faith in the Force reinforces Rogue One's message of hope.[41] The A.V. Club said Rian Johnson's depiction of the Force in The Last Jedi goes "beyond George Lucas' original transcendental concept".[70] Polygon said Johnson's film "democratize[s] the Force", depicting Force sensitivity in characters from outside a "Force-sensitive lineage" and suggesting that the Force can be used by anyone.[108]

"May the Force be with you" edit

"May the Force be with you" redirects here. For other uses, see May the Force be with you (disambiguation).

Several Star Wars characters say "May the Force be with you" (or derivatives of it) and the expression has become a popular catchphrase.[109] In 2005, "May the Force be with you" was chosen as number 8 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes list.[110] May 4 is Star Wars Day, taken from the pun "May the Fourth be with you".[111] The expression was intentionally similar to the Christian dominus vobiscum, "the Lord be with you".[112]

President Ronald Reagan in 1985 said "the Force is with us", referring to the United States, to create the Strategic Defense Initiative (itself often nicknamed Star Wars) to protect against Soviet ballistic missiles.[113] Some weeks earlier, Reagan had compared the Soviet Union to the Galactic Empire.[114] The Gospel According to Star Wars says that Reagan's invocation of the Force was actually perverting Star Wars' "self-dispossessing" (or other-focused) ethos:

[The] blessing "May the Force be with you" is the expression of a hope for others ("May the Force be with you"), not for ourselves as with Reagan ("The Force is with us"). Moreover, the [Star Wars] blessing is precisely a request for hope for others ("May the Force be with you"), whereas Reagan's claim sounds like a possessive assertion ("The Force is with us").[115]

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

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Sources edit

Further reading edit

  • Allain, Rhett (May 4, 2017). "In which we literally calculate the power of the Force". Wired.
  • Asher-Perrin, Emmet (September 12, 2012). "The "True Nature of the Force" is Way More Complicated Than You Think". Tor Books. from the original on June 6, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  • Bortolin, Matthew (2005). The Dharma of Star Wars. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-497-0.
  • Decker, Kevin S.; Eberl, Jason T.; Irwin, William (2009). Star Wars and Philosophy: More Powerful than You Can Possibly Imagine. Open Court Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4351-1946-8.
  • Panchin, Alexander Y.; Tuzhikov, Alexander I.; Panchin, Yuri V. (2014). "Midichlorians - the biomeme hypothesis: is there a microbial component to religious rituals?". Biology Direct. 9: 14. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-9-14. PMC 4094439. PMID 24990702. S2CID 6109536.
  • Porter, John M. (2003). The Tao of Star Wars. Humanics Trade Group. ISBN 0-89334-385-4.
  • Whitbrook, James (September 18, 2019). So, What Can a Force Ghost Do?. G/O Media. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to The Force.

April 27, 2024
force, this, article, about, metaphysical, power, star, wars, universe, other, uses, disambiguation, force, with, redirects, here, other, uses, force, with, disambiguation, jedi, mind, trick, redirects, here, band, jedi, mind, tricks, metaphysical, ubiquitous,. This article is about the metaphysical power in the Star Wars universe For other uses see The Force disambiguation May the Force be with you redirects here For other uses see May the Force be with you disambiguation Jedi mind trick redirects here For the band see Jedi Mind Tricks The Force is a metaphysical and ubiquitous power in the Star Wars fictional universe Force sensitive characters use the Force throughout the franchise Heroes like the Jedi seek to become one with the Force matching their personal wills with the will of the Force while the Sith and other villains exploit the Force and try to bend it toward their own selfish and destructive desires The Force has been compared to aspects of several world religions and the phrase May the Force be with you has become part of pop culture vernacular Contents 1 Concept and development 1 1 Creation for the original films 1 2 Prequel films and midi chlorians 1 3 Sequel films and other productions 2 Depiction 3 Analysis 3 1 Comparison to magic 3 2 Religion and spirituality 3 3 Scientific analysis 4 Cultural impact 4 1 Critical response 4 2 May the Force be with you 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 Sources 7 Further reading 8 External linksConcept and development edit nbsp George Lucas created the concept of the Force both to advance the plot of Star Wars 1977 and to try to awaken a sense of spirituality in young audience members Creation for the original films edit George Lucas created the concept of the Force to address character and plot developments in Star Wars 1977 1 He also wanted to awaken a certain kind of spirituality in young audiences suggesting a belief in God without endorsing any specific religion 2 He developed the Force as a nondenominational religious concept distill ed from the essence of all religions premised on the existence of God and distinct ideas of good and evil 1 Lucas said there is a conscious choice between good and bad and the world works better if you re on the good side 3 In 1970s San Francisco where Lucas lived when he wrote the drafts that became Star Wars New Age ideas that incorporated the concept of qi and other notions of a mystical life force were in the air and widely embraced 4 Lucas used the term the Force to echo its use by Canadian cinematographer Roman Kroitor in Arthur Lipsett s 21 87 1963 a National Film Board production in which Kroitor says Many people feel that in the contemplation of nature and in communication with other living things they become aware of some kind of force or something behind this apparent mask which we see in front of us and they call it God 2 Although Lucas had Kroitor s line in mind specifically Lucas said the underlying sentiment is universal and that similar phrases have been used extensively by many different people for the last 13 000 years 5 The first draft of Star Wars makes two references to the Force of Others and does not explain the concept King Kayos utters the blessing May the Force of Others be with you all and he later says I feel the Force also 6 The power of the Force of Others is kept secret by the Jedi Bendu of the Ashla an aristocratic cult in the second draft 7 8 The second draft offers a lengthy explanation of the Force of Others and introduces its Ashla light side and Bogan dark side 8 The Ashla and Bogan are mentioned 10 and 31 times respectively and the Force of Others plays a more prominent role in the story 9 In this draft Luke Starkiller s mission is to retrieve the Kyber Crystal which can intensify either the Ashla or Bogan powers 7 The film s shorter third draft has no references to the Ashla but it mentions the Bogan eight times and Luke is still driven to recover the Kyber Crystal 10 11 Lucas finished the fourth and near final draft on January 1 1976 12 This version trims the Force of Others to the Force makes a single reference to the Force s seductive dark side distills an explanation of the Force to 28 words and eliminates the Kyber Crystal 13 Producer Gary Kurtz who studied comparative religion in college had long discussions with Lucas about religion and philosophy throughout the writing process 14 Kurtz told Lucas he was unhappy with drafts in which the Force was connected with the Kyber Crystal and he was also dissatisfied with the early Ashla and Bogan concepts 14 The act of living generates a force field an energy That energy surrounds us when we die that energy joins with all the other energy There is a giant mass of energy in the universe that has a good side and a bad side We are part of the Force because we generate the power that makes the Force live When we die we become part of that Force so we never really die we continue as part of the Force George Lucas during a production meeting for The Empire Strikes Back 15 Lucas and screenwriter Leigh Brackett decided that the Force and the Emperor would be the main concerns in The Empire Strikes Back 1980 16 The focus on the Emperor was later shifted to Return of the Jedi 1983 16 and the dark side of the Force was treated as The Empire Strikes Back s main villain 17 Prequel films and midi chlorians edit See also Jedi Prequel trilogy Midichlorians redirects here For the bacteria see Midichloria The Phantom Menace 1999 introduces midi chlorians or midichlorians microscopic creatures that connect characters to the Force Lucas later requested a passage about midi chlorians be retroactively added to notes written in August 1977 expanding on the nature of the Force 18 19 Lucas based the concept on symbiogenesis 20 calling midi chlorians a loose depiction of mitochondria 21 He further said Mitochondria probably had something to do with the beginnings of life and how one cell decided to become two cells with a little help from this other little creature who came in without whom life couldn t exist And it s really a way of saying we have hundreds of little creatures who live on us and without them we all would die There wouldn t be any life They are necessary for us we are necessary for them Using them in the metaphor saying society is the same way says we all must get along with each other 21 In a rough draft of Revenge of the Sith 2005 Palpatine says he used the power of the Force to will the midichlorians to start the cell divisions that created Anakin Skywalker 22 This line was removed as the script progressed Sequel films and other productions edit Lucas story treatments for a potential sequel trilogy involved a microbiotic world and creatures known as the Whills beings that control the universe and feed off the Force He elaborated that individuals function as vehicles for the Whills to travel around in and that midi chlorians communicate with the Whills who in a general sense are the Force 23 After selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012 Lucas said his biggest concern about the franchise s future was the Force being muddled into a bunch of gobbledegook 24 When writing The Force Awakens 2015 with Lawrence Kasdan J J Abrams respected that Lucas had established midi chlorians effect on some characters ability to use the Force 25 However as a child he interpreted Obi Wan Kenobi s explanation of the Force in Star Wars to mean that any character could use its power and that the Force was more grounded in spirituality than science 25 Abrams retained the idea of the Force having a light and a dark side and some characters seduction by the dark side helps create conflict for the story 26 Pablo Hidalgo of the Lucasfilm Story Group gave his blessing for writer director Rian Johnson to introduce a new Force power in The Last Jedi 2017 if the story required it and if it felt like it stretches into new territory but doesn t break the idea of what the Force can do 27 Johnson observed that every Star Wars movie introduces new Force powers to meet that film s story needs 27 Star Wars Rebels producer Dave Filoni cites several influences on how the Force is used in the show The character Bendu named in homage to the term Lucas originally associated with the Jedi does not align with the franchise s normal dark or light duality and this role is an extension of Filoni s conversations with Lucas about the nature of the Force 28 29 Filoni credits the prequel films for better developing the concept of the Force particularly the idea of a balance between the light and dark sides 30 Depiction edit nbsp This concept art by Greg Knight of a stormtrooper being Force pushed was an early visualization of how the Force would be depicted in LucasArts The Force Unleashed 2008 31 Obi Wan Kenobi describes the Force as an energy field created by all living things in Star Wars In The Phantom Menace Qui Gon says microscopic lifeforms called midi chlorians which exist inside all living cells allow some characters to be Force sensitive characters must have a high enough midi chlorian count to feel and use the Force Midi chlorians are sentient 1 and arguably were the first species to emerge in the Star Wars universe 32 The species was a foundation of all life as some deemed life impossible without midi chlorians 33 and ultimately resided in all living beings connecting two aspects of the Force 32 The Living Force also known as a spirit or life essence 34 is the energy generated by all living things 35 Through midi chlorians it is fed into the Cosmic Force which bounds all things and communicates with living sentient beings 36 In 1981 Lucas compared using the Force to yoga saying any character can use its power 37 Dave Filoni said in 2015 that all Star Wars characters are Force intuitive some characters like Luke Skywalker are aware of their connection to the Force while characters such as Han Solo draw upon the Force unconsciously 38 Filoni said the most potent Force users are characters whose midi chlorian count provides a natural affinity for using the Force and who undertake intense training and discipline 39 Rogue One 2016 portrays the Force more as a religion than simply a way to manipulate objects and people 40 In the years following the Great Jedi Purge depicted in the prequel trilogy some characters have lost faith in the Force 41 and the Galactic Empire hunts down surviving Jedi and other Force sensitive characters By the time of the events in The Force Awakens some characters think the Jedi and the Force are myths 42 Some Force sensitive characters derive special psychic abilities from it such as telekinesis mind control and extrasensory perception The Force is sometimes referred to in terms of dark and light sides with villains like the Sith drawing on the dark side to act aggressively while the Jedi use the light side for defense and peace 43 According to Filoni Lucas believed a character s intentions when using the Force their will to be selfless or selfish is what distinguishes light and dark sides 30 The Force is also used by characters who are neither Jedi nor Sith such as Leia Organa and Kylo Ren 44 45 Characters throughout the franchise use their Force powers in myriad ways including Obi Wan using a mind trick to undermine a stormtrooper s will 46 47 Darth Vader choking subordinates without touching them 48 Qui Gon Jinn repelling several battle droids at once Rey lifting a large pile of rocks and Kylo Ren stopping blaster fire in mid air 49 50 Film and television use of the Force is sometimes accompanied by a sound effect such as a deep rumble associated with aggressive use or a more high pitched sound associated with benevolent use 51 nbsp From left Anakin Skywalker Sebastian Shaw Yoda Frank Oz and Obi Wan Kenobi Alec Guinness appear as spirits at the end of the original version of Return of the Jedi Jedi with special training can continue to exist after death and some interact with the living as being s of light 52 referred to as Force ghosts 53 54 Obi Wan s spirit provides Luke with guidance at key moments in the original trilogy 54 55 and Yoda appears as a spirit to guide Luke in The Last Jedi 56 Voices of past Jedi help Rey at the climax of The Rise of Skywalker and Luke s and Leia s spirits watch over her at the film s conclusion 57 In an early draft of Return of the Jedi Lucas planned to resurrect Obi Wan and Yoda at the climax 58 and some drafts included scenes of the two helping Luke stop the Emperor 59 The final arc of The Clone Wars sixth season reveals that Qui Gon Jinn learned how to transition into the cosmic Force from entities who represent various emotions 54 Yoda hears the deceased Qui Gon s voice in Attack of the Clones 2002 and he reveals in Revenge of the Sith that he has contact with Qui Gon 54 A short story by Claudia Gray depicts Obi Wan learning this technique from Qui Gon in the years leading up to Star Wars 60 The Force plays an important role in several Star Wars plot lines Anakin Skywalker s rise as a Jedi descent into the Sith Lord Darth Vader and redemption back to the light side of the Force is the main story arc for the first six Star Wars films 61 Yoda s arc in the sixth season of The Clone Wars depicts him exploring bigger questions about the Force and taking various inspirations from the franchise s expanded universe 62 In The Force Awakens Finn s exposure to the Force helps make him question his training 63 Writer Rian Johnson used the Force to allow Rey and Kylo Ren to communicate in The Last Jedi developing the characters relationship 27 Analysis editChris Taylor called the Force largely a mystery in Star Wars 3 Taylor ascribes the more poetic more spiritual and more demonstrative descriptions of the Force in The Empire Strikes Back to Lawrence Kasdan who co wrote the film but says the film does little to expand audiences understanding of it 3 In 1997 Lucas said that the more detail he articulated about the Force and how it works the more it took away from its core meaning 64 Kotaku suggests Rian Johnson depicted more nuance in the Force in The Last Jedi than Lucas did in his films 65 According to Rob Weinert Kendt the Force theme in John Williams score represents the power and responsibility of wielding the Force 66 Comparison to magic edit Paranormal abilities like the Force are a common device in science fiction 67 and the Force has been compared to the role magic plays in the fantasy genre 68 The Star Wars films illustrate that characters not familiar with the particulars of the Force associate it with mysticism and magic such as when an Imperial officer alludes to the sorcerer s ways of Darth Vader 68 The depiction of the Force in Star Wars has been compared to that of magic in Harry Potter with the former being described as more of a spiritual force 69 According to The A V Club The Last Jedi depicts the Force closer to the sorcery of fairy tales and medieval romance than it s ever been 70 Eric Charles points out that the television films The Ewok Adventure 1984 and Ewoks The Battle for Endor 1985 intended for children are fairy tales in a science fiction setting which feature magic and other fairy tale motifs rather than the Force and science fiction tropes 71 These Ewok films have been described as depicting sorcery that is distinct from the Force powers depicted in the first six Star Wars films 72 Drawing from the Star Wars roleplaying game sourcebook he co authored in 1987 Bill Slavicsek says that The Ewoks mystical beliefs contain many references to the Force though it is never named as such 73 Religion and spirituality edit In his 1977 review of Star Wars Vincent Canby of The New York Times called the Force a mixture of what appears to be ESP and early Christian faith 74 It has been studied in a religious context from an academic perspective 75 The Magic of Myth compares the sharp distinction between the good light side and evil dark side of the Force to Zoroastrianism which posits that good and evil like light and darkness are contrary realities 43 The connectedness between the light and dark sides has been compared to the relationship between yin and yang in Taoism 76 although the balance between yin and yang lacks the element of evil associated with the dark side 77 Taylor identifies other similarities between the Force and a Navajo prayer prana and qi 19 It is a common plot device in jidaigeki films like The Hidden Fortress 1958 which inspired Star Wars for samurai who master qi to achieve astonishing feats of swordsmanship 78 Taylor added that the lack of detail about the Force makes it a religion for the secular age 3 According to Jennifer Porter professor of religious studies at the Memorial University of Newfoundland the Force is a metaphor for godhood that resonates and inspires within people a deeper commitment to the godhood identified within their traditional faith 79 According to Christian Pastor Clayton Keenan the spirituality of Star Wars has to do with the Force It s depicted as something supernatural within this universe but it s not the same thing as a personal god that Christians or Jews or Muslims might believe in It s this impersonal force that is in some ways this neutral impersonal energy that is out there to be used for good or for evil 80 At one point Francis Ford Coppola suggested to George Lucas that they use their combined fortunes to start a religion based on the Force 81 Practitioners of Jediism pray to and express gratitude to the Force 82 Scientific analysis edit Scientists are mostly skeptical about a real world explanation for the Force 83 Astrophysicist Jeanne Cavelos says in The Science of Star Wars that explaining the Force is particularly difficult because it does so many different things 84 Force powers like precognition imply the time travel of information 85 Cavelos explores the possibility of brain implants or sensors being used to detect users intent and manipulate energy fields and compares such discipline to contemporary patients learning to control prosthetics 86 A scientific explanation of the Force would require new discoveries in physics such as unknown fields or particles 87 or a fifth force beyond the four fundamental interactions 88 Flavio Fenton of the Georgia Institute of Technology School of Physics suggests a fifth force would carry two types of charge one for the light side and one for the dark and that each would be carried by its own particle 89 Nepomuk Otte also from Georgia Tech cautions that Newton s third law of motion says telekinesis would apply a force back on the Force wielding character 89 Fabien Paillusson from the University of Lincoln argues that the Force of the Star Wars universe reflects our own quest for understanding the forces of the world we live in 90 Cultural impact edit nbsp A Feynman diagram of one way the Higgs boson might be produced National Geographic compared the boson s role in carrying the Higgs field to the way Jedi are carriers of the Force 91 See also Cultural impact of Star Wars National Geographic compared the Higgs boson s role as carrier of the Higgs field to the way Jedi are carriers of the Force 91 A previsualization video highlighting the idea of kicking someone s ass with the Force steered LucasArts game designers toward producing The Force Unleashed 2008 92 93 which sold six million copies as of July 2009 94 In 2009 Uncle Milton Industries released a toy called the Force Trainer which uses EEG to read users beta waves to lift a training droid themed ball with a shaft of air 95 96 The New Republic Townhall The Atlantic and others have compared various political machinations to the Jedi mind trick a Force power used to undermine opponents perceptions and willpower 97 47 98 99 Critical response editCritic Tim Robley compared the Force to the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz 1939 with both being entities that send the protagonist on a quest 100 In her 1980 Washington Post review of The Empire Strikes Back Judith Martin described the Force as a mishmash of current cultic fashions without any base in ideas It doesn t seem to be connected with ethics or a code of decent behavior either 101 John Simon wrote in his 1977 review of Star Wars for New York magazine And then there is that distressing thing called the Force which is Lucas s tribute to something beyond science imagination the soul God in man It appears in various contradictory and finally nonsensical guises a facile and perfunctory bow to metaphysics I wish that Lucas had had the courage of his materialistic convictions instead dragging in a sop to a spiritual force the main thrust of the movie so cheerfully ignores 102 103 The introduction of midi chlorians in The Phantom Menace was controversial with Evan Narcisse of Time writing that the concept ruined Star Wars for him and a generation of fans because the mechanisms of the Force became less spiritual and more scientific 21 Film historian Daniel Dinello called midi chlorians anathema to Star Wars fanatics who thought they reduced the Force to a kind of viral infection 104 Referring to midi chlorians became a screenwriting shorthand for over explaining a concept 105 Although Chris Taylor suggested fans want less detail not more in explaining the Force 3 106 Chris Bell argues that the introduction of midi chlorians provided depth to the franchise and fomented engagement among fans and franchise writers 105 Religion expert John D Caputo writes In the Gospel according to Lucas a world is conjured up in which the intractable oppositions that have tormented religious thinkers for centuries are reconciled The gifts that the Jedi masters enjoy have a perfectly plausible scientific basis even if its ways are mysterious 107 Characters faith in the Force reinforces Rogue One s message of hope 41 The A V Club said Rian Johnson s depiction of the Force in The Last Jedi goes beyond George Lucas original transcendental concept 70 Polygon said Johnson s film democratize s the Force depicting Force sensitivity in characters from outside a Force sensitive lineage and suggesting that the Force can be used by anyone 108 May the Force be with you edit May the Force be with you redirects here For other uses see May the Force be with you disambiguation Several Star Wars characters say May the Force be with you or derivatives of it and the expression has become a popular catchphrase 109 In 2005 May the Force be with you was chosen as number 8 on the American Film Institute s 100 Years 100 Movie Quotes list 110 May 4 is Star Wars Day taken from the pun May the Fourth be with you 111 The expression was intentionally similar to the Christian dominus vobiscum the Lord be with you 112 President Ronald Reagan in 1985 said the Force is with us referring to the United States to create the Strategic Defense Initiative itself often nicknamed Star Wars to protect against Soviet ballistic missiles 113 Some weeks earlier Reagan had compared the Soviet Union to the Galactic Empire 114 The Gospel According to Star Wars says that Reagan s invocation of the Force was actually perverting Star Wars self dispossessing or other focused ethos The blessing May the Force be with you is the expression of a hope for others May the Force be with you not for ourselves as with Reagan The Force is with us Moreover the Star Wars blessing is precisely a request for hope for others May the Force be with you whereas Reagan s claim sounds like a possessive assertion The Force is with us 115 See also edit nbsp Speculative fiction portal nbsp Film portal Anima mundi Animism Brahman Force field physics Jediism Manitou Mysticism Mythopoeia Ontology Orenda Prana Psychic Qi Pneuma SithReferences editCitations edit a b c Windham Ryder 1999 Star Wars Episode I The Phantom Menace Movie Scrapbook Random House ISBN 978 0 375 80008 5 a b The Mythology of Star Wars 2000 documentary a b c d e Taylor p 58 Kaminski pp 75 77 Silberman Steve May 1 2005 Life After Darth Wired Archived from the original on November 8 2020 Retrieved May 23 2016 Taylor p 112 a b Bouzereau p 36 a b Taylor p 116 Taylor pp 116 117 Taylor p 122 Bouzereau p 37 Taylor p 126 Taylor p 142 a b Taylor p 144 Bouzereau p 181 a b Bouzereau p 173 Bouzereau p 182 Rinzler J W June 24 2013 SO WHAT THE HECK ARE MIDI CHLORIANS Star Wars Archived from the original on May 11 2020 Retrieved May 16 2020 a b Taylor p 59 Rolling Stone June 2005 a b c Narcisse Evan August 10 2010 20 000 Per Cell Why Midi chlorians Suck Time Archived from the original on May 28 2019 Retrieved May 25 2016 Young Bryan December 28 2018 Does a New Star Wars Comic Book Reveal Darth Vader s Father Film Archived from the original on November 8 2020 Retrieved March 17 2019 Marotta Jenna June 13 2018 Star Wars George Lucas Would Have Set Third Trilogy in Microbiotic World Linked to Midi Chlorians IndieWire Archived from the original on July 22 2020 Retrieved May 15 2020 Child Ben November 19 2015 George Lucas says he would not direct another Star Wars film after criticism The Guardian Archived from the original on December 21 2020 Retrieved May 25 2016 a b Sciretta Peter December 7 2015 JJ Abrams on Midi chlorians And The Inclusiveness Of The Force Film Archived 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original on July 1 2016 Retrieved June 2 2016 Williams Brenna May 4 2018 FBF Ronald Reagan and Star Wars CNN Turner Broadcasting System Archived from the original on May 4 2018 Retrieved May 4 2018 McDowell John C 2007 The Gospel According to Star Wars Faith Hope and the Force Westminster John Knox p 26 ISBN 978 1 61164 425 8 Sources edit Bouzereau Laurent 1997 Star Wars The Annotated Screenplays Ballantine Books ISBN 0 345 40981 7 Cavelos Jeanne May 1999 5 The Force The Science of Star Wars St Martin s Press ISBN 0 312 20958 4 Kaminski Michael November 18 2008 The Secret History of Star Wars Legacy Books Press pp 75 77 ISBN 978 0 9784652 3 0 Taylor Chris 2014 How Star Wars Conquered the Universe The Past Present and Future of a Multibillion Dollar Franchise Basic Books OCLC 889674238 Further reading editAllain Rhett May 4 2017 In which we literally calculate the power of the Force Wired Asher Perrin Emmet September 12 2012 The True Nature of the Force is Way More Complicated Than You Think Tor Books Archived from the original on June 6 2016 Retrieved May 25 2016 Bortolin Matthew 2005 The Dharma of Star Wars Wisdom Publications ISBN 0 86171 497 0 Decker Kevin S Eberl Jason T Irwin William 2009 Star Wars and Philosophy More Powerful than You Can Possibly Imagine Open Court Publishing Company ISBN 978 1 4351 1946 8 Panchin Alexander Y Tuzhikov Alexander I Panchin Yuri V 2014 Midichlorians the biomeme hypothesis is there a microbial component to religious rituals Biology Direct 9 14 doi 10 1186 1745 6150 9 14 PMC 4094439 PMID 24990702 S2CID 6109536 Porter John M 2003 The Tao of Star Wars Humanics Trade Group ISBN 0 89334 385 4 Whitbrook James September 18 2019 So What Can a Force Ghost Do G O Media a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to The Force The Force on Wookieepedia a Star Wars wiki Midichlorians on Wookieepedia a Star Wars wiki May the Force Be With You on Wookieepedia a Star Wars wiki Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Force amp oldid 1218037354 Afterlife, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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