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Elevated railway

February 15, 2024

"Elevated" redirects here. For the film, see Elevated (film).

An elevated railway or elevated train (also known as an el train or el for short) is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be broad-gauge, standard-gauge or narrow-gauge railway, light rail, monorail, or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas where there would otherwise be multiple level crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.

Liverpool Overhead Railway, May 1951
NS 93 train on an elevated portion of the line 5 of the Santiago Metro
Two Wuppertal Schwebebahn trains meet above the street

History edit

 
Chicago "L" elevated tracks

The earliest elevated railway was the London and Greenwich Railway on a brick viaduct of 878 arches, built between 1836 and 1838. The first 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of the London and Blackwall Railway (1840) was also built on a viaduct. During the 1840s there were other plans for elevated railways in London that never came to fruition.[1]

From the late 1860s onward, elevated railways became popular in US cities. New York's West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway opened in 1868 as a cable-hauled elevated railway[2] and was operated using locomotives after 1871, when it was renamed the New York Elevated Railroad.[3][4] This was followed in 1875 by the Manhattan Railway Company, which took over the New York Elevated Railroad.[5] Other early elevated systems in the US included the Chicago "L", which was built by multiple competing companies beginning in 1892,[6] as well as the Boston Elevated Railway in 1901 and the Market–Frankford Line in Philadelphia in 1907.[7] Globally, the Berlin Stadtbahn (1882) and the Vienna Stadtbahn (1898) are also mainly elevated.

The first electric elevated railway was the Liverpool Overhead Railway, which operated through Liverpool docks from 1893 until 1956.

In London, the Docklands Light Railway is a modern elevated railway that opened in 1987[8] and, since, has expanded.[9] The trains are driverless and automatic.[10] Another modern elevated railway is Tokyo's driverless Yurikamome line, opened in 1995.[11]

Systems edit

Monorail systems edit

Most monorails are elevated railways, such as the Disneyland Monorail System (1959), the Tokyo Monorail (1964), the Sydney Monorail (1988–2013), the KL Monorail, the Las Vegas Monorail, the Seattle Center Monorail and the São Paulo Monorail. Many maglev railways are also elevated.

Suspension railways edit

 
H-Bahn Dortmund, a monorail suspension people mover

During the 1890s there was some interest in suspension railways, particularly in Germany, with the Schwebebahn Dresden, (1891–) and the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (1901). H-Bahn suspension railways were built in Dortmund and Düsseldorf airport, 1975. The Memphis Suspension Railway opened in 1982.

Suspension railways are usually monorail; Shonan Monorail and Chiba Urban Monorail in Japan, despite their names, are suspension railways.

People mover systems edit

People mover or automated people mover (APM) is a type of driverless grade-separated, mass-transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems that serve as loops or feeder systems, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems. Similar to monorails, Bombardier Innovia APM technology uses only one rail to guide the vehicle along the guideway. APMs are common at airports and effective at helping passengers quickly reach their gates. Several elevated APM systems at airports including the PHX Sky Train at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport; AeroTrain at Kuala Lumpur International Airport; and the Tracked Shuttle System at London Gatwick Airport, United Kingdom.

Modern systems edit

Metro or commuter rail systems edit

Africa edit

 
Traffic on Roosevelt Avenue in Jackson Heights, New York City, under the elevated IRT Flushing Line (used by the 7 and <7>​ trains) in the 1980s
 
Chinatown station in Los Angeles, California
 
Line 15 monorail, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Americas edit

Asia edit

Europe edit

 
Frankfurt:U1 on elevated part near Ginnheim

Oceania edit

Disused edit

 
Forest Hills station on Boston's Washington Street Elevated in 1910. The rail line was rebuilt in a cutting by 1987.

People mover edit

Proposed designs edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Jack Simmons and Gordon Biddle, The Oxford Companion to British Railway History, Oxford University Press, (1997), p.360.
  2. ^ Brimner, L.D.; Waldman, N. (2004). Subway: The Story of Tunnels, Tubes, and Tracks. Boyds Mills Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-59078-176-0.
  3. ^ Harvey, Charles (8 April 2006). "New York Elevated". Mid-Continent Railway Museum. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  4. ^ Court of Appeals: New York: No.426. 1891. pp. 61–62.
  5. ^ Sansone, G. (2004). New York Subways: An Illustrated History of New York City's Transit Cars. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8018-7922-7.
  6. ^ Sadowski, David (2021). Chicago's Lost "L"s. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4671-0602-3.
  7. ^ Cheney, F.; Sammarco, A.M. (2000). When Boston Rode the EL. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-4396-2741-9.
  8. ^ American Public Transit Association (1995). Seventh National Conference on Light Rail Transit: Baltimore, Maryland, November 12-15, 1995. Conference proceedings (National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board)). National Academy Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-309-06152-0.
  9. ^ "DLR History Timeline". 22 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine Transport for London.
  10. ^ "Where are the drivers?" Transport for London.
  11. ^ The Japan Architect. Shinkenchiku-Sha. 1996. p. 106. ISBN 978-4-7869-0129-4.
  12. ^ Whitelaw, Anna; Choahan, Neelima (7 February 2016). "$1.6 billion elevated rail project to replace level crossings on Dandenong line". The Age. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Victoria Park-Canning Level Crossing Removal". Building for Tomorrow. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

February 15, 2024
elevated, railway, elevated, redirects, here, film, elevated, film, elevated, railway, elevated, train, also, known, train, short, railway, with, tracks, above, street, level, viaduct, other, elevated, structure, usually, constructed, from, steel, cast, iron, . Elevated redirects here For the film see Elevated film An elevated railway or elevated train also known as an el train or el for short is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure usually constructed from steel cast iron concrete or bricks The railway may be broad gauge standard gauge or narrow gauge railway light rail monorail or a suspension railway Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas where there would otherwise be multiple level crossings Usually the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level Liverpool Overhead Railway May 1951NS 93 train on an elevated portion of the line 5 of the Santiago MetroTwo Wuppertal Schwebebahn trains meet above the street Contents 1 History 2 Systems 2 1 Monorail systems 2 2 Suspension railways 2 3 People mover systems 3 Modern systems 3 1 Metro or commuter rail systems 3 1 1 Africa 3 1 2 Americas 3 1 3 Asia 3 1 4 Europe 3 1 5 Oceania 3 1 6 Disused 3 2 People mover 4 Proposed designs 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp Chicago L elevated tracksThe earliest elevated railway was the London and Greenwich Railway on a brick viaduct of 878 arches built between 1836 and 1838 The first 2 5 miles 4 0 km of the London and Blackwall Railway 1840 was also built on a viaduct During the 1840s there were other plans for elevated railways in London that never came to fruition 1 From the late 1860s onward elevated railways became popular in US cities New York s West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway opened in 1868 as a cable hauled elevated railway 2 and was operated using locomotives after 1871 when it was renamed the New York Elevated Railroad 3 4 This was followed in 1875 by the Manhattan Railway Company which took over the New York Elevated Railroad 5 Other early elevated systems in the US included the Chicago L which was built by multiple competing companies beginning in 1892 6 as well as the Boston Elevated Railway in 1901 and the Market Frankford Line in Philadelphia in 1907 7 Globally the Berlin Stadtbahn 1882 and the Vienna Stadtbahn 1898 are also mainly elevated The first electric elevated railway was the Liverpool Overhead Railway which operated through Liverpool docks from 1893 until 1956 In London the Docklands Light Railway is a modern elevated railway that opened in 1987 8 and since has expanded 9 The trains are driverless and automatic 10 Another modern elevated railway is Tokyo s driverless Yurikamome line opened in 1995 11 Systems editMonorail systems edit Most monorails are elevated railways such as the Disneyland Monorail System 1959 the Tokyo Monorail 1964 the Sydney Monorail 1988 2013 the KL Monorail the Las Vegas Monorail the Seattle Center Monorail and the Sao Paulo Monorail Many maglev railways are also elevated Suspension railways edit nbsp H Bahn Dortmund a monorail suspension people moverDuring the 1890s there was some interest in suspension railways particularly in Germany with the Schwebebahn Dresden 1891 and the Wuppertal Schwebebahn 1901 H Bahn suspension railways were built in Dortmund and Dusseldorf airport 1975 The Memphis Suspension Railway opened in 1982 Suspension railways are usually monorail Shonan Monorail and Chiba Urban Monorail in Japan despite their names are suspension railways People mover systems edit People mover or automated people mover APM is a type of driverless grade separated mass transit system The term is generally used only to describe systems that serve as loops or feeder systems but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems Similar to monorails Bombardier Innovia APM technology uses only one rail to guide the vehicle along the guideway APMs are common at airports and effective at helping passengers quickly reach their gates Several elevated APM systems at airports including the PHX Sky Train at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport AeroTrain at Kuala Lumpur International Airport and the Tracked Shuttle System at London Gatwick Airport United Kingdom Modern systems editMetro or commuter rail systems edit Africa edit Addis Ababa Light Rail Cairo Metro Line 3 Lagos Metro nbsp Traffic on Roosevelt Avenue in Jackson Heights New York City under the elevated IRT Flushing Line used by the 7 and lt 7 gt trains in the 1980s nbsp Chinatown station in Los Angeles California nbsp Line 15 monorail Sao Paulo BrazilAmericas edit Baltimore Metro west of Mondawmin BART partial Chicago L except for small parts of the Red Line and Blue Line Cleveland Red Line partial Reseau express metropolitain partial not fully Guadalajara light rail system Line 3 partial under construction MARTA partial Medellin Metro Mexico City Metro partial Miami Metrorail New York City Subway partial 40 of tracks Market Frankford Line underground in downtown Philadelphia and West Philadelphia up to 40th Street Station but elevated elsewhere Medellin Metro Panama City Metro PATCO partial PATH partial Skyline SkyTrain Vancouver British Columbia Canada Partial Tren Urbano Washington Metro partial Santiago Metro partial Lima Metro partial DART Green Line north branch Metrorrey partial Asia edit Bangalore metro Chennai Metro Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System Daegu Metro Line 3 Danhai Light Rail Delhi Metro Yellow Line Green Line Red Line Dhaka Metro Rail Dubai Metro Hanoi Metro Hong Kong MTR Kwun Tong Line Tsuen Wan Line Tuen Ma Line East Rail Line South Island Line and Tung Chung Line all partial Hyderabad Metro Jabodebek LRT Jakarta LRT Jakarta MRT North South Line partial Kochi Metro Kolkata Metro future line 5 and 6 later is under construction Lahore Metro Orange Line Manila Light Rail Transit System Navi Mumbai Metro Mumbai Metro Mumbai Monorail Nagpur Metro Rapid Metro Gurgaon Rapid Rail the operator of the rapid transit metro system serving Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley area in Malaysia BTS Skytrain two elevated rapid transit lines in Bangkok Thailand Taipei Metro Circular Line north branch of Tamsui Xinyi Line and Wenhu Line Europe edit nbsp Frankfurt U1 on elevated part near GinnheimAmsterdam Metro except Line 52 Berlin U Bahn U1 and U2 lines Charleroi Metro Copenhagen Metro Docklands Light Railway partial Frankfurt U Bahn U1 partial Hamburg U Bahn U3 line Paris Metro Line 1 Line 2 Line 5 Line 6 Line 8 and Line 13 all partial Vienna U Bahn U6 line Wuppertal Suspension Railway Berlin S Bahn Berlin Stadtbahn Vienna S Bahn Vienna Stadtbahn Oceania edit Metro Trains Melbourne mainly built by the Level Crossing Removal Project 12 Sydney Metro Northwest Line in Sydney New South Wales Australia between Bella Vista and Tallawong Disused edit nbsp Forest Hills station on Boston s Washington Street Elevated in 1910 The rail line was rebuilt in a cutting by 1987 Boston Elevated Railways Atlantic Avenue Elevated Charlestown Elevated Washington Street Elevated Causeway Street Elevated Elevated railways operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company in New York City Liverpool Overhead Railway The elevated Airport line of Kolkata Suburban Railway closed in 2016 for reconstruction relating Kolkata Metro line 4 Line 3 Scarborough a medium capacity metro rail line in Toronto Ontario Canada ceased running in July 2023 due to derailment People mover edit Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover a people mover at and around Tomorrowland Magic Kingdom Walt Disney World Resort Orlando Florida United States AirTrain JFK a people mover at and around John F Kennedy International Airport New York City New York United States ATL Skytrain a people mover at Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport Atlanta Georgia United States Changi Airport Skytrain an inter terminal people mover at Changi International Airport in Singapore Detroit People Mover an urban transit people mover in Detroit Michigan United States H Bahn an inter terminal automated people mover in Dortmund and Dusseldorf Germany Jacksonville Skyway an automated people mover in Jacksonville Florida United States Metromover a people mover at Miami Florida United States PHX Sky Train a people mover at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Phoenix Arizona United StatesProposed designs editPhnom Penh SkyTrain Cambodia Ho Chi Minh City Metro Vietnam will be partially elevated Managua Metro Nicaragua San Salvador Metro El Salvador Ljubljana Metro Slovenia Transperth s Armadale line will be partially elevated by the Victoria Park Canning Level Crossing Removal Project 13 See also editBombardier Innovia family of automated rapid transit systems elevated technologies Monorail APM Metro Elevator Embankment transportation Grade separation Monorail Railway Rapid transit People moverReferences edit Jack Simmons and Gordon Biddle The Oxford Companion to British Railway History Oxford University Press 1997 p 360 Brimner L D Waldman N 2004 Subway The Story of Tunnels Tubes and Tracks Boyds Mills Press p 23 ISBN 978 1 59078 176 0 Harvey Charles 8 April 2006 New York Elevated Mid Continent Railway Museum Retrieved 25 October 2015 Court of Appeals New York No 426 1891 pp 61 62 Sansone G 2004 New York Subways An Illustrated History of New York City s Transit Cars Johns Hopkins University Press p 11 ISBN 978 0 8018 7922 7 Sadowski David 2021 Chicago s Lost L s Images of America Arcadia Publishing p 7 ISBN 978 1 4671 0602 3 Cheney F Sammarco A M 2000 When Boston Rode the EL Images of America Arcadia Publishing Incorporated ISBN 978 1 4396 2741 9 American Public Transit Association 1995 Seventh National Conference on Light Rail Transit Baltimore Maryland November 12 15 1995 Conference proceedings National Research Council U S Transportation Research Board National Academy Press p 38 ISBN 978 0 309 06152 0 DLR History Timeline Archived 22 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine Transport for London Where are the drivers Transport for London The Japan Architect Shinkenchiku Sha 1996 p 106 ISBN 978 4 7869 0129 4 Whitelaw Anna Choahan Neelima 7 February 2016 1 6 billion elevated rail project to replace level crossings on Dandenong line The Age Retrieved 27 July 2023 Victoria Park Canning Level Crossing Removal Building for Tomorrow Retrieved 27 July 2023 Portal nbsp Transport Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elevated railway amp oldid 1200668247, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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