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Wikipedia

Chrysler

January 18, 2023

This article is about the automobile manufacturer owned by Stellantis. For other uses, see Chrysler (disambiguation).

Stellantis North America (officially FCA US and formerly Chrysler (/ˈkraɪslər/))[2][3] is one of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers in the United States, headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. It is the American subsidiary of the multinational automotive company Stellantis. In addition to the Chrysler brand, Stellantis North America sells vehicles worldwide under the Dodge, Jeep, and Ram nameplates. It also includes Mopar, its automotive parts and accessories division, and SRT, its performance automobile division.

FCA US
The Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center in Auburn Hills, Michigan, headquarters of Stellantis North America
Stellantis North America
Formerly
  • Chrysler Corporation (1925–1998)
  • DaimlerChrysler (1998–2007)
  • Chrysler LLC (2007–2009)
  • Chrysler Group LLC (2009–2014)
  • Fiat Chrysler Automobiles US (2014–2021)
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryAutomotive
Predecessor
FoundedJune 6, 1925; 97 years ago (1925-06-06)
FounderWalter P. Chrysler
Headquarters1000 Chrysler Drive,
Auburn Hills, Metro Detroit, Michigan
,
United States
Number of locations
See List of Stellantis North America factories
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Mark Stewart (COO)
Products
Brands
Number of employees
c. 90,000 (2019)
ParentStellantis
Websitestellantisnorthamerica.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

The original Chrysler Corporation was founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler from the remains of the Maxwell Motor Company. It was acquired by Daimler-Benz, which in 1998 renamed itself DaimlerChrysler. After Daimler divested Chrysler in 2007, the company operated as Chrysler LLC (2007–2009) and Chrysler Group LLC (2009–2014) before being acquired by Fiat S.p.A. and becoming a subsidiary of the newly formed Fiat Chrysler Automobiles ("FCA") in 2014. Chrysler in 2021 is a subsidiary of Stellantis, the company formed from the merger between FCA and PSA Group (Peugeot Société Anonyme) in 2021.

After founding the company, Walter Chrysler used the General Motors brand diversification and hierarchy strategy that he had become familiar with when he worked in the Buick division at General Motors. He then acquired Fargo Trucks and the Dodge Brothers Company, and created the Plymouth and DeSoto brands in 1928. Facing postwar declines in market share, productivity, and profitability, as GM and Ford were growing, Chrysler borrowed $250 million in 1954 from Prudential Insurance to pay for expansion and updated car designs.[4][5][6]

Chrysler expanded into Europe by taking control of French, British, and Spanish auto companies in the 1960s; Chrysler Europe was sold in 1978 to PSA Peugeot Citroën for $1 billion. The company struggled to adapt to changing markets, increased U.S. import competition, and safety and environmental regulation in the 1970s. It began an engineering partnership with Mitsubishi Motors, and began selling Mitsubishi vehicles branded as Dodge and Plymouth in North America. On the verge of bankruptcy in the late 1970s, it was saved by $1.5 billion in loan guarantees from the U.S. government. New CEO Lee Iacocca was credited with returning the company to profitability in the 1980s. In 1985, Diamond-Star Motors was created, further expanding the Chrysler-Mitsubishi relationship. In 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation (AMC), which brought the profitable Jeep brand under the Chrysler umbrella. In 1998, Chrysler merged with German automaker Daimler-Benz to form DaimlerChrysler AG; the merger proved contentious with investors. As a result, Chrysler was sold to Cerberus Capital Management and renamed Chrysler LLC in 2007.

Like the other Big Three automobile manufacturers, Chrysler was impacted by the automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010. The company remained in business through a combination of negotiations with creditors, filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on April 30, 2009, and participating in a bailout from the U.S. government through the Troubled Asset Relief Program. On June 10, 2009, Chrysler emerged from the bankruptcy proceedings with the United Auto Workers pension fund, Fiat S.p.A., and the U.S. and Canadian governments as principal owners. The bankruptcy resulted in Chrysler defaulting on over $4 billion in debts. In May 2011, Chrysler finished repaying its obligations to the U.S. government five years early, although the cost to the American taxpayer was $1.3 billion.

Over the next few years, Fiat S.p.A. gradually acquired the other parties shares. In January 2014, Fiat acquired the rest of Chrysler from the United Auto Workers retiree health trust, making Chrysler Group a subsidiary of Fiat S.p.A.[7] In May 2014, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles was established by merging Fiat S.p.A. into the company. Chrysler Group LLC remained a subsidiary until December 15, 2014, when it was renamed FCA US LLC, to reflect the Fiat-Chrysler merger.[8]

History

Main article: History of Chrysler

1925–1998: Chrysler Corporation

The Chrysler company was founded by Walter Chrysler on June 6, 1925,[9][10] when the Maxwell Motor Company (est. 1904) was re-organized into the Chrysler Corporation.[11][12] The company was headquartered in the Detroit enclave of Highland Park,[13][14][15] where it remained until completing the move to its present Auburn Hills location in 1996.[16]

Chrysler had arrived at the ailing Maxwell-Chalmers company in the early 1920s, hired to overhaul the company's troubled operations (after a similar rescue job at the Willys-Overland car company).[17] In late 1923 production of the Chalmers automobile was ended.[17]

 
The Art Deco Chrysler Building in New York City was the company headquarters[citation needed] from 1930 until the mid-1950s

In January 1924, Walter Chrysler launched the well-received Chrysler automobile. The Chrysler Six was designed to provide customers with an advanced, well-engineered car, at an affordable price. Elements of this car are traceable to a prototype which had been under development at Willys during Chrysler's tenure[18] The original 1924 Chrysler included a carburetor air filter, high compression engine, full pressure lubrication, and an oil filter, features absent from most autos at the time.[19][20] Among the innovations in its early years were the first practical mass-produced four-wheel hydraulic brakes, a system nearly completely engineered by Chrysler with patents assigned to Lockheed, and rubber engine mounts, called "Floating Power" to reduce vibration. Chrysler also developed a wheel with a ridged rim, designed to keep a deflated tire from flying off the wheel. This wheel was eventually adopted by the auto industry worldwide.

The Maxwell brand was dropped after the 1925 model year, with the new, lower-priced four-cylinder Chryslers introduced for the 1926 year being badge-engineered Maxwells.[18] The advanced engineering and testing that went into Chrysler Corporation cars helped to push the company to the second-place position in U.S. sales by 1936, which it held until 1949.

In 1928, the Chrysler Corporation began dividing its vehicle offerings by price class and function. The Plymouth brand was introduced at the low-priced end of the market (created essentially by once again reworking and rebadging the Chrysler Series 50 four-cylinder model).[18] At the same time, the DeSoto brand was introduced in the medium-price field. Also in 1928, Chrysler bought the Dodge Brothers[21] automobile and truck company and continued the successful Dodge line of automobiles and Fargo range of trucks. By the mid-1930s, the DeSoto and Dodge divisions would trade places in the corporate hierarchy.

 
1955 Imperial car model, in its first year as a separate make, apart from Chrysler, shown on display at January 1955 Chicago Auto Show

The Imperial name had been used since 1926 but was never a separate make, just the top-of-the-line Chrysler. However, in 1955, the company decided to offer it as its own make/brand and division to better compete with its rivals, Lincoln and Cadillac. This addition changed the company's traditional four-make lineup to five (in order of price from bottom to top): Plymouth, Dodge, DeSoto, Chrysler, and the now-separate Imperial.[22][23]

In 1954, Chrysler was the exclusive provider of its Hemi engine in the Facel Vega, a Paris, France coachbuilder that offered their own line of hand-built luxury performance cars, with the PowerFlite and TorqueFlite transmissions offered. The Facel Vega Excellence was a four-door hardtop with rear-hinged coach doors that listed for US$12,800 ($120,220 in 2021 dollars [24]).[25]

1955 Chrysler – Philco all-transistor car radio – "Breaking News" radio broadcast announcement

On April 28, 1955, Chrysler and Philco announced the development and production of the World's First All-Transistor car radio.[26] The all-transistor car radio, Mopar model 914HR, developed and produced by Chrysler and Philco, was a $150 option on the 1956 Imperial automobile models. Philco began manufacturing this radio in the fall of 1955 at its Sandusky Ohio plant.[27][28][29]

On September 28, 1957, Chrysler announced the first production electronic fuel injection (EFI), as an option on some of its new 1958 car models (Chrysler 300D, Dodge D500, DeSoto Adventurer, Plymouth Fury). The first attempt to use this system was by American Motors on the 1957 Rambler Rebel.[30][31] Bendix Corporation's Electrojector used a transistor computer brain modulator box, but teething problems on pre-production cars meant very few cars were made.[32] The EFI system in the Rambler ran fine in warm weather, but suffered hard starting in cooler temperatures and AMC decided not to use this EFI system, on its 1957 Rambler Rebel production cars that were sold to the public.[31] Chrysler also used the Bendix "Electrojector" fuel injection system and only around 35 vehicles were built with this option, on its 1958 production-built car models.[33][34] Owners of EFI Chryslers were so dissatisfied that all but one were retrofitted with carburetors (while that one has been completely restored, with original EFI electronic problems resolved).[34]

The Valiant was also introduced for the 1960 model year as a distinct brand. In the U.S. market, Valiant was made a model in the Plymouth line for 1961 and the DeSoto make was discontinued in 1961. With those exceptions per applicable year and market, Chrysler's range from lowest to highest price from the 1940s through the 1970s was Valiant, Plymouth, Dodge, DeSoto, Chrysler, and Imperial.[35]

From 1963 through 1969, Chrysler increased its existing stakes to take full control of the French Simca, British Rootes, and Spanish Barreiros companies, merging them into Chrysler Europe in 1967. In the 1970s, an engineering partnership was established with Mitsubishi Motors, and Chrysler began selling Mitsubishi vehicles branded as Dodge and Plymouth in North America.

Chrysler struggled to adapt to the changing environment of the 1970s. When consumer tastes shifted to smaller cars in the early 1970s, particularly after the 1973 oil crisis, Chrysler could not meet the demand, although their compact models on the "A" body platform, the Dodge Dart and Plymouth Valiant, had proven economy and reliability and sold very well. Additional burdens came from increased US import competition, and tougher government regulation of car safety, fuel economy, and emissions. As the smallest of the Big 3 US automakers, Chrysler lacked the financial resources to meet all of these challenges. In 1976, with the demise of the reliable Dart/Valiant, quality control declined. Their replacements, the Dodge Aspen and Plymouth Volare, were comfortable and had good roadability, but owners soon experienced major reliability problems which crept into other models as well. Engines failed and/or did not run well, and premature rust plagued bodies. In 1978, Lee Iacocca was brought in to turn the company around, and in 1979 Iacocca sought US government help. Congress later passed the Loan Guarantee Act providing $1.5 billion in loan guarantees.[36] The Loan Guarantee Act required that Chrysler also obtain $2 billion in concessions or aid from sources outside the federal government, which included interest rate reductions for $650 million of the savings, asset sales of $300 million, local and state tax concessions of $250 million, and wage reductions of about $590 million along with a $50 million stock offering. $180 million was to come from concessions from dealers and suppliers.[37]

After a period of plant closures and salary cuts agreed to by both management and the auto unions, the loans were repaid with interest in 1983. In November 1983, the Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager was introduced, establishing the minivan as a major category, and initiating Chrysler's return to stability.[37][38]

In 1985, Diamond-Star Motors was created, further expanding the Chrysler-Mitsubishi relationship. In 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation (AMC), which brought the profitable Jeep brand under the Chrysler umbrella.

 
Aerial view of the Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center in Auburn Hills, Michigan, completed in 1996. Photo was taken in 2002

In 1985, Chrysler entered an agreement with AMC to produce Chrysler M platform rear-drive, as well as Dodge Omnis front wheel drive cars, in AMC's Kenosha, Wisconsin plant. In 1987, Chrysler acquired the 47% ownership of AMC that was held by Renault. The remaining outstanding shares of AMC were bought on the NYSE by August 5, 1987, making the deal valued somewhere between US$1.7 billion and US$2 billion, depending on how costs were counted.[39] Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca wanted the Jeep brand, particularly the Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ) that was under development, the new world-class manufacturing plant in Bramalea, Ontario, and AMC's engineering and management talent that became critical for Chrysler's future success.[40] Chrysler established the Jeep/Eagle division as a "specialty" arm to market products distinctly different from the K-car-based products with the Eagle cars targeting import buyers.[41] Former AMC dealers sold Jeep vehicles and various new Eagle models, as well as Chrysler products, strengthening the automaker's retail distribution system.

Eurostar, a joint venture between Chrysler and Steyr-Daimler-Puch, began producing the Chrysler Voyager in Austria for European markets in 1992.

1998–2007: DaimlerChrysler

In 1998, Chrysler and its subsidiaries entered into a partnership dubbed a "merger of equals" with German-based Daimler-Benz AG, creating the combined entity DaimlerChrysler AG.[42] To the surprise of many stockholders, Daimler acquired Chrysler in a stock swap[43] before Chrysler CEO Bob Eaton retired. Under DaimlerChrysler, the company was named DaimlerChrysler Motors Company LLC, with its U.S. operations generally called "DCX". The Eagle brand was retired soon after Chrysler's merger with Daimler-Benz in 1998[44] Jeep became a stand-alone division, and efforts were made to merge the Chrysler and Jeep brands as one sales unit.[45] In 2001, the Plymouth brand was also discontinued.

Eurostar also built the Chrysler PT Cruiser in 2001 and 2002. The Austrian venture was sold to Magna International in 2002 and became Magna Steyr. The Voyager continued in production until 2007, whereas the Chrysler 300C, Jeep Grand Cherokee, and Jeep Commander were also built at the plant from 2005 until 2010.[citation needed]

On May 14, 2007, DaimlerChrysler announced the sale of 80.1% of Chrysler Group to American private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management, L.P., thereafter known as Chrysler LLC, although Daimler (renamed as Daimler AG) continued to hold a 19.9% stake.[46]

2007–2014: Effects of Great Recession

The economic collapse during the Financial crisis of 2007–2008 pushed the company to the brink. On April 30, 2009, the automaker filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection to be able to operate as a going concern, while renegotiating its debt structure and other obligations,[47] which resulted in the corporation defaulting on over $4 billion in secured debts.[47] The U.S. government described the company's action as a "prepackaged surgical bankruptcy".[47]

On June 10, 2009, substantially all of Chrysler's assets were sold to "New Chrysler", organized as Chrysler Group LLC. The federal government provided support for the deal with US$8 billion in financing at nearly 21%. Under CEO Sergio Marchionne, "World Class Manufacturing" or WCM, a system of thorough manufacturing quality, was introduced and several products were re-launched with quality and luxury.[citation needed] The Ram, Jeep, Dodge, SRT, and Chrysler divisions were separated to focus on their own identity and brand, and 11 major model refreshes occurred in 21 months. The PT Cruiser, Nitro, Liberty and Caliber models (created during DCX) were discontinued. On May 24, 2011, Chrysler repaid its $7.6 billion loans to the United States and Canadian governments.[48][49] The US Treasury, through the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), invested $12.5 billion in Chrysler and recovered $11.2 billion when the company shares were sold in May 2011, resulting in a $1.3 billion loss.[50][51][52][53] On July 21, 2011, Fiat bought the Chrysler shares held by the US Treasury.[54] The purchase made Chrysler foreign-owned again, this time as the luxury division. The Chrysler 300 was badged Lancia Thema in some European markets (with additional engine options), giving Lancia a much-needed replacement for its flagship.

2014–2022: Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

On January 21, 2014, Fiat bought the remaining shares of Chrysler owned by the VEBA worth $3.65 billion.[55][7] Several days later, the intended reorganization of Fiat and Chrysler under a new holding company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, together with a new FCA logo were announced.[56] The most challenging launch for this new company came immediately in January 2014 with a completely redesigned Chrysler 200. The vehicle's creation is from the completely integrated company, FCA, executing from a global compact-wide platform.[57][verification needed]

On December 16, 2014, Chrysler Group LLC announced a name change to FCA US LLC.[58][59]

On January 12, 2017, FCA shares traded at the New York Stock Exchange lost value after the EPA accused FCA US of using emissions cheating software to evade diesel-emissions tests,[60][61][62][63] however the company countered the accusations,[64] and the chairman and CEO Sergio Marchionne sternly rejected them.[65] The following day, shares rose as investors played down the effect of the accusations. Analysts gave estimates of potential fines from several hundred million dollars to $4 billion, although the likelihood of a hefty fine was low.[66] Senior United States Senator Bill Nelson urged the FTC to look into possible deceptive marketing of the company's diesel-powered SUVs. Shares dropped 2.2% after the announcement.[67][68] FCA US would in 2022 plead guilty to a criminal charge of conspiring to defraud the US, to wire fraud, and to violate the Clean Air Act.[69][70]

On July 21, 2018, Sergio Marchionne stepped down as chairman and CEO for health reasons, and was replaced by John Elkann and Michael Manley, respectively.[71]

As a result of ending domestic production of more fuel-efficient passenger automobiles such as the Dodge Dart and Chrysler 200 sedans, FCA US elected to pay $77 million in fines for violating the anti-backsliding provision of fuel economy standards set under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 for its model year 2016 fleet.[72][73] It was again fined for the 2017 model year for not meeting the minimum domestic passenger car standard. FCA described the $79 million civil penalty as "not expected to have a material impact on its business."[74]

As part of a January 2019 settlement, Fiat Chrysler was to recall and repair approximately 100,000 automobiles equipped with a 3.0-liter V6 EcoDiesel engine having a prohibited defeat device, pay $311 million in total civil penalties to US regulators and CARB, pay $72.5 million for state civil penalties, implement corporate governance reforms, and pay $33.5 million to mitigate excess pollution. The company was also to pay affected consumers up to $280 million and offer extended warranties on such vehicles worth $105 million. The total value of the settlement was about $800 million, though FCA did not admit liability, and it did not resolve an ongoing criminal investigation.[75]

Logo evolution

Emblems used by the Chrysler Corporation through the years:[76]

Further information: History_of_Chrysler § Logos
  •  

    1925–1955

  •  

    1955–1962

  •  

    1962–1998

  •  

    1998–2007 [n1 1]

  •  

    2007–2014

  •  

    2014–2021 [n1 2]

  •  

    2021–present [n1 3]

Notes
  1. ^ DaimlerChrysler logo.
  2. ^ Fiat Chrysler Automobiles logo.
  3. ^ Stellantis logo.

Corporate governance

 
Chrysler House landmark executive offices in the Detroit Financial District

As of 2022, management positions of Stellantis North America include:[77]

Board of directors

  • Mark Stewart, COO
  • Michael J. Keegan, Chief Audit, Sustainability, and Compliance Officer
  • Richard Palmer, CFO

Management team

  • Jeffrey Kommor: head of US sales
  • Lottie Holland: head of diversity, inclusion, and engagement, FCA - North America
  • Bruno Cattori: president and CEO, FCA Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
  • Mark Champine: head of quality, FCA - North America
  • Mark Chernoby: chief technical compliance officer, Stellantis N.V.
  • Martin Horneck: head of purchasing and supply chain management, FCA - North America
  • Mamatha Chamarthi: chief information officer, FCA - North America and Asia Pacific
  • Marissa Hunter: head of marketing
  • Philip Langley: head of network development, FCA - North America
  • Ralph Gilles: head of design
  • Michael Resha: head of manufacturing, FCA - North America
  • Roger "Shane" Karr: head of external affairs, FCA - North America
  • Michael J. Keegan: chief audit; sustainability and compliance officer
  • Michael Koval Jr.: brand chief executive officer, Ram Trucks
  • Timothy Kuniskis: brand chief executive officer, Chrysler (interim), Dodge
  • Jim Morisson: head of Jeep brand, FCA - North America
  • João Laranjo: chief financial officer, FCA - North America
  • Michael Bly: head of global propulsion systems, Stellantis N.V.
  • Jeffrey P. Lux: head of transmission powertrain, FCA - North America
  • Chris Pardi: general counsel and corporate secretary, FCA - North America
  • Barbara J. Pilarski: head of business development, FCA - North America
  • Mark Stewart: chief operating officer
  • Scott Thiele: head of portfolio planning, FCA - North America; head of global long-range plan coordination
  • Joseph Veltri: head of investor relations
  • Rob Wichman: ad interim head of product development, FCA - North America
  • Larry Dominique: senior vice president, Alfa Romeo - North America
  • Christopher G. Fields: vice president, U.S. employee relations

Sales and marketing

United States sales

Chrysler is the smallest of the "Big Three" U.S. automakers (Stellantis North America, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors). In 2020, FCA US sold just over 1.8 million vehicles.[citation needed]

Global sales

Chrysler was the world's 11th largest vehicle manufacturer as ranked by OICA in 2012.[78] Total Chrysler vehicle production was about 2.37 million that year.

Marketing

Lifetime powertrain warranty

In 2007, Chrysler began to offer vehicle lifetime powertrain warranty for the first registered owner or retail lessee.[79] The deal covered owner or lessee in U.S., Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, for 2009 model year vehicles, and 2006, 2007, and 2008 model year vehicles purchased on or after July 26, 2007. Covered vehicles excluded SRT models, Diesel vehicles, Sprinter models, Ram Chassis Cab, Hybrid System components (including transmission), and certain fleet vehicles. The warranty is non-transferable.[80] After Chrysler's restructuring, the warranty program was replaced by five-year/100,000 mile transferable warranty for 2010 or later vehicles.[81]

"Let's Refuel America"

In 2008, as a response to customer feedback citing the prospect of rising gas prices as a top concern, Chrysler launched the "Let's Refuel America" incentive campaign, which guaranteed new-car buyers a gasoline price of $2.99 for three years.[82] With the U.S. purchase of eligible Chrysler, Jeep, and Dodge vehicles, customers could enroll in the program and receive a gas card that immediately lowers their gas price to $2.99 a gallon, and keeps it there for the three years.

Lancia co-branding

Chrysler plans for Lancia to codevelop products, with some vehicles being shared. Olivier Francois, Lancia's CEO, was appointed to the Chrysler division in October 2009. Francois plans to reestablish the Chrysler brand as an upscale brand.[83]

Ram trucks

In October 2009, Dodge's car and truck lines were separated, with the name "Dodge" being used for cars, minivans, and crossovers and "Ram" for light- and medium-duty trucks and other commercial-use vehicles.[84]

Calendar year U.S. Chrysler sales %Chg/yr.
1999[85] 2,638,561
2000 2,522,695  4.4%
2001[86] 2,273,208  9.9%
2002[87] 2,205,446  3%
2003 2,127,451  3.5%
2004[88] 2,206,024  3.7%
2005[88] 2,304,833  4.5%
2006[89] 2,142,505  7%
2007[89] 2,076,650  3.1%
2008[90] 1,453,122  30%
2009[91] 931,402  36%
2010[92] 1,085,211  17%
2011[93] 1,369,114  26%
2012[94] 1,651,787  21%
2013[95] 1,800,368  9%
2014[96] 2,090,639  16%
2015[97] 2,243,907  7%
2016[98] 2,244,315   0.0%
2017[99] 2,059,376   0.8%
2018[100] 2,235,204   8.5%
2019[101] 2,203,663   1.4%
2020[102] 1,820,636   17.4%
2021[103] 1,777,394   2.4%
2022[104] 1,547,076   13.0%

"Imported From Detroit"

In 2011, Chrysler unveiled their "Imported From Detroit" campaign with ads featuring Detroit rapper Eminem, one of which aired during the Super Bowl. The campaign highlighted the rejuvenation of the entire product lineup, which included the new, redesigned, and repackaged 2011 model year 200 sedans and 200 convertibles, the Chrysler 300 sedan, and the Chrysler Town & Country minivan.[105][106] As part of the campaign, Chrysler sold a line of clothing items featuring the Monument to Joe Louis, with proceeds being funneled to Detroit-area charities, including the Boys and Girls Clubs of Southeast Michigan, Habitat for Humanity Detroit and the Marshall Mathers Foundation.[107]

In March 2011, Chrysler Group LLC filed a lawsuit against Moda Group LLC (owner of Pure Detroit clothing retailer) for copying and selling merchandise with the "Imported from Detroit" slogan.[108] Chrysler claimed it had notified defendant of its pending trademark application February 14, but the defendant argued Chrysler had not secured a trademark for the "Imported From Detroit" phrase. On June 18, 2011, U.S. District Judge Arthur Tarnow ruled that Chrysler's request did not show that it would suffer irreparable harm or that it had a strong likelihood of winning its case. Therefore, Pure Detroit's owner, Detroit retailer Moda Group LLC, can continue selling its "Imported from Detroit" products. Tarnow also noted that Chrysler does not have a trademark on "Imported from Detroit" and rejected the automaker's argument that trademark law is not applicable to the case.[109][110] In March 2012, Chrysler Group LLC and Pure Detroit agreed to a March 27 mediation to try to settle the lawsuit over the clothing company's use of "Imported from Detroit" slogan.[111] Pure Detroit stated that Chrysler has made false claims about the origins of three vehicles - Chrysler 200, Chrysler 300 and Chrysler Town & Country - none of which are built in Detroit. Pure Detroit also said that Chrysler's Imported From Detroit merchandise is not being made in Detroit.[citation needed] In 2012 Chrysler and Pure Detroit came to an undisclosed settlement.[112]

Chrysler's Jefferson North Assembly, which makes the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango, is the only car manufacturing plant of any company remaining entirely in Detroit (General Motors operates a plant that is partly in Detroit and partly in Hamtramck).[113]

In 2011, Eminem settled a lawsuit against Audi alleging the defendant had ripped off the Chrysler 300 Super Bowl commercial in the Audi A6 Avant ad.[114]

"Halftime in America"

Main article: Halftime in America

Again in 2012, Chrysler advertised during the Super Bowl. Its two-minute February 5, 2012 Super Bowl XLVI advertisement was titled "Halftime in America". The ad drew criticism from several leading U.S. conservatives, who suggested that its messaging implied that President Barack Obama deserved a second term and, as such, was political payback for Obama's support for the federal bailout of the company.[115] Asked about the criticism in a 60 Minutes interview with Steve Kroft, Sergio Marchionne responded "just to rectify the record I paid back the loans at 19.7% Interest. I don't think I committed to do to a commercial on top of that" and characterized the Republican reaction as "unnecessary and out of place".[116]

America's Import

In 2014, Chrysler started using a new slogan, "America's Import" in ads introducing their all-new 2015 Chrysler 200,[117] targeting foreign automakers from Germany to Japan with such ads (German performance and Japanese quality), and at the ending of selected ads, the advertisement will say, "We Built This", indicating being built in America, instead of overseas.

Slogans

  • Engineered to the Power of Cars (1998–2001)
  • Drive = Love (2002–2004)
  • Inspiration comes standard (2004–2007)
  • Engineered Beautifully (2007–mid 2010)[118]
  • Imported From Detroit (2011–2014)[119][120]
  • America's Import (2014–2016)[117]

Product line

Chrysler Uconnect

First introduced as MyGig, Chrysler Uconnect is a system that brings interactive ability to the in-car radio and telemetric-like controls to car settings.[121] As of mid-2015, it was installed in hundreds of thousands of Fiat Chrysler vehicles.[122] It connects to the Internet via the mobile network of AT&T, providing the car with its own IP address.[122] Internet connectivity using any Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep or Ram vehicle, via a Wi-Fi "hot-spot", is also available via Uconnect Web. According to Chrysler LLC, the hotspot range extends approximately 100 feet (30 m) from the vehicle in all directions, and combines both Wi-Fi and Sprint's 3G cellular connectivity.[citation needed] Uconnect is available on several current[when?] and was available on several discontinued Chrysler models including the current Dodge Dart, Chrysler 300, Aspen, Sebring, Town and Country, Dodge Avenger, Caliber, Grand Caravan, Challenger, Charger, Journey, Nitro, and Ram.[123]

In July 2015, IT security researchers announced a severe security flaw assumed to affect every Chrysler vehicle with Uconnect produced from late 2013 to early 2015.[122] It allows hackers to gain access to the car over the Internet, and in the case of a Jeep Cherokee was demonstrated to enable an attacker to take control not just of the radio, A/C, and windshield wipers, but also of the car's steering, brakes and transmission.[122] Chrysler published a patch that car owners can download and install via a USB stick, or have a car dealer install for them.[122]

Brands

Current and former brands of Stellantis North America:

Current

Origin Brand Estab. Added Notes
  USA Chrysler 1925 1925
  USA Jeep 1943 1987 Acquired from American Motors
  USA Dodge 1900 1928
  USA Mopar [n 1] 1937 1937
  USA Ram Trucks 2010 2010 Previously, Dodge Ram pickup
  USA SRT 1989 1989 Currently part of Dodge
  ITA Alfa Romeo 1910 2009
  ITA Fiat 1899 2014
  ITA Fiat Professional 2007 2014

Former

Origin Brand Estab. Chrysler
Years 		Fate
  USA American Motors 1954 1987–1988 Defunct, succeeded by the Eagle brand [124]
  USA Chrysler Amplex [n 2] 1932 1932–1988 Sold to ICM Industries
  USA Graham Brothers 1916 1928-1929 discontinued and trucks continued under Dodge and Fargo- Passenger car division continued independently as Graham-Paige
  USA Chrysler Europe 1971 1971–1978 Sold to Peugeot
  USA Chrysler Marine [n 3] 1927 1927–1980 Discontinued
  USA DeSoto [n 4] 1928 1928–1961 Models consolidated and replaced by Chrysler Newport.
  USA Eagle [n 5] 1988 1988–1998 Discontinued
  USA Fargo 1913 1913–1972 Discontinued [n 6]
  USA Global Electric Motorcars 1992 1998–2011 Sold to Polaris Industries
  USA Imperial 1955 1955–1983 Discontinued
  USA Plymouth 1928 1928–2001 Discontinued, all unique/incoming models integrated into Chrysler Line up.
  USA Valiant 1959 1959–1976 Discontinued [n 7]
  ITA Lamborghini 1963 1987–1994 Sold to Mycom / V'Power Corp.[127]
  UK Rootes Motors Ltd. 1913 1964–1971 Discontinued, became Chrysler Europe
Notes
  1. ^ Replacement parts for Chrysler-built vehicles, as well as a brand for dealer service and customer service operations. It includes "Mopar Performance", a subdivision providing performance aftermarket parts for Chrysler-built vehicles.
  2. ^ Division that manufactured bearings and gears.
  3. ^ Division that built inboard, outboard engines, and various types of boats.[125]
  4. ^ Desoto trucks were built and sold by Chrysler in Turkey until 1978, after which Askam took over the Turkish rights to the marque.
  5. ^ Name derived from the AMC Eagle model after Chrysler took over American Motors in 1987.
  6. ^ Replaced by Plymouth Trucks in the US in 1937 and folded into the Dodge Division after 1972 in Canada.[126]
  7. ^ The Valiant was introduced in 1960 as a separate Chrysler brand, then was incorporated into the Plymouth line in the US starting in 1961.

Brand predecessors

Maxwell-Chalmers

  • Maxwell (1904–1926), US: New Models renamed Chrysler and Plymouth.
  • Chalmers (1908–1923):US High-end Luxury Cars, Merged with Maxwell 1922.

United States Motor Company

(1908–1913): Reorganized and folded into Maxwell.[128]

The Chrysler Corporation

  • Graham Brothers (1916–1929), Trucks- (acquired by The Dodge Brothers Company in 1925 with the passenger car division split to form Graham-Paige): folded into Dodge brand after Chrysler's ownership.
  • Fargo (1913-1935) US, (1920–1972) Canada-Trucks and Vans, Replaced by Plymouth Trucks in the US in 1937 and folded into the Dodge Division after 1972 in Canada.[131]

Rootes Group

(1913-1971), UK: Minority interest purchased by Chrysler in 1964, progressively taking controlling interest in 1967, renamed Chrysler Europe in 1971.

American Motors Corporation

(1954–1988), US: Purchased by Chrysler and renamed Jeep-Eagle Division.

  • AMC (Brand), (1967-1987) US: rebranded Eagle.
  • Hudson (1909–1957), US
    • Aerocar (1905-1908) US, Brand discontinued and Reorganized into Hudson Motors.
    • Essex (1918–1933), US: Folded into the main Hudson line.
    • Terraplane (1932–1938), US
  • Nash (1917–1957), US
    • Jeffery (1903-1917), US: Line Dissolved and Renamed Nash in 1915.
    • LaFayette (1919–1940) US: Folded into Nash
    • Ajax (1925–1926), US
    • Mitchell (1903-1923), US purchased and renamed Ajax.
  • Rambler (1900–1914 ; 1950–1969), US
  • Metropolitan (1959–1962), US[132]
  • AM General US 1970–1983. The former contract division of AMC

Kaiser Motors Corporation

  • Kaiser (1946–1955)Entry level[133][134][135](Renamed Willys-Kaiser Motors, then to Kaiser-Jeep Corporation) Purchased by AMC in 1970.
  • Frazer (1946–1951)US- Entry level Luxury, Discontinued models incorporated in Kaiser Line.

Graham-Paige

(1927–1947), Mid-priced cars - Purchased by Henry Kaiser and reorganized into Kaiser-Frazer Motors.

Willys-Overland Motors

(1912-1963) US. Acquired by Kaiser Motors, later Kaiser Jeep, then by AMC in 1970

Chrysler brand

See also: List of Chrysler vehicles
Chrysler
 
Product typeLuxury cars
OwnerStellantis
Produced byStellantis North America
CountryUnited States
IntroducedJune 6, 1925; 97 years ago (1925-06-06)
Previous owners
Websitechrysler.com

The Chrysler brand has mostly been Chrysler's premium brand competing with brands such as Cadillac, Packard, Cord and Lincoln. After the corporation decided to spin Imperial off as a separate brand in 1955 to better compete with Cadillac and Lincoln, Chrysler became the corporation's number two brand, but still offered luxury and near-luxury products. After the Imperial brand was dropped in 1983, Chrysler once again became the top brand.

Early history

The first Chrysler cars were introduced on January 5, 1924, at the New York Automobile Show — one year before Chrysler Corporation itself was created. These cars, launched by Maxwell Motors, had a new high-compression six-cylinder, a seven-bearing crankshaft, carburetor air cleaner, replaceable oil filter, and four-wheel hydraulic brakes. Features like this had never been offered in a medium-priced car before, and the 32,000 first-year record sales proved the popularity of this model.[citation needed]

In 1926, Chrysler Introduces the Chrysler 70 named for its ability to hit 70 MPH. In 1927, Chrysler had four models the Chrysler 50, 60, 70, and Imperial 80. Chrysler was in fourth place in sales with 192,082 units delivered. In 1928 Chrysler invested $23 million to expand its plants.

1930s

In 1930, Chrysler began wiring the Chrysler Model 70 and 77 for radios. Chrysler also became the first car to offer the downdraft carburetor on its models. With the new carburetor, Chrysler also received a new cam-driven fuel pump. For the 1931 model, Chrysler received new radiator grilles, a new inline 8 engine, and automatic spark control. The 1932 Chryslers introduced the Floating Power rubber engine mounts which eliminated further vibrations from the chassis. A vacuum-controlled automatic clutch, Oilite bearings and the first universal joints with roller bearings were also added. In 1933 Chrysler models received a host of new improvements including a new three-speed manual transmission that used helical gears- for silent use. Chrysler engines received new alloy valve seats for better reliability, along with new spring shackles which improved lubrication. In 1934 the Chrysler 6 introduced an independent front coil spring suspension and received vent windows that rolled down with the side glass. Chrysler also introduced its revolutionary Chrysler Airflow, which included a welded Unibody, a wind-tunnel-designed aerodynamic body for a better power to power ratio, and better handling. In 1935 Chrysler introduced the Plymouth-based Chrysler Airstream Six which gave customers an economical modern alternative to the radically styled Airflows. The Airflow received an updated front hood and grille for 1935. For 1936, the Chrysler Airflow received an enlarged luggage compartment, a new roof, and a new adjustable front seat. The Airstream Six and Eight of the previous year were renamed the Chrysler Six and Deluxe Eight. The Automatic overdrive was optional to both cars. For 1937 the Airflow cars were mostly discontinued besides the C-17 Airflow, which received a final facelift. Only 4600 C-17 Airflows were built for 1937. The Chrysler Six and Chrysler Eight were respectively renamed the Royal and Imperial and gained isolated rubber body mounts to remove road vibrations. In 1938 the Chrysler Royal received the new 95 HP Gold Seal Inline 6. In 1939 Chrysler unveiled Superfinish a process in which all major chassis components subject to wear were finished to a mirror-like surface. Other features new to Chrysler were push-button door locks and rotary-type door latches.[136]

1940s

For 1940 Chrysler introduced sealed beam headlights on its cars which in turn improved night visibility by 50%. Mid-year in 1940 Chrysler introduced the Highlander as a special edition featuring popular features and Scottish plaid interior. The luxury sport model, called the Saratoga was also added to the New Yorker range as the Imperial became the exclusive limousine model. In 1941 Chrysler introduces the Fluid Drive semi-automatic transmission. 1942 Chryslers were redesigned with a wrap-a-round chrome grille and concealed running boards for this abbreviated model year, civilian production stopped by February 1942. For 1946 Chrysler redesigned the 1942 cars and reintroduced the Town & Country. In 1949, Chrysler came out with the first all-new redesign in almost a decade. In 1949 Chrysler moved the ignition to key only instead of having a key and push-button, they also reintroduced the nine-passenger station wagon body style to the line.[137]

1950s

For 1950 Chrysler updated the overly conservative 1949 models by lowering cars slightly, updating the grille to appear more simple, replacing the chrome fin tail lamps with flush units, and removing the third brake light from the trunk lid. Also in 1950, Chrysler introduced disc brakes on the Imperial, the new Chrysler Newport hardtop, power windows, and the padded safety dash. Chrysler introduced their first overhead-valve, high-compression V8 engine in 1951, Displacing 331 cubic inches, it was rated at 180 bhp, 20 more horsepower than the new-for-1949 Cadillac V8. It was unique as the only American V8 engine designed with hemispherical combustion chambers. After successfully winning Mexican Road Races, the engine was upgraded to 250 bhp by 1955. Although Chrysler didn't build a small sporty car (such as the Chevrolet Corvette and the Ford Thunderbird), they decided to build a unique sporting car based on the New Yorker hardtop coupe, that featured a 300-bhp "Hemi" V8. To add to the car's uniqueness, the car was given a grille from the Imperial, and side trim from the less-adorned Windsor. A PowerFlite 2-speed automatic transmission was the only available gearbox. It was marketed as the Chrysler 300, emphasizing the engine's horsepower, continuing a luxury sport approach introduced earlier with the Chrysler Saratoga.

A 1955 restyle by newly hired Virgil Exner saw a dramatic rise in Chrysler sales, which rose even more in 1957, when the entire line was dramatically restyled a second time with a sloping front end and high-flying tailfins at the rear. Although well received at first, it soon became apparent that quality control was compromised to get the new cars to market on an accelerated schedule. In 1957 all Chrysler products were installed with Torsion-Aire front suspension, which was a Torsion bar suspension only for the front wheels that followed two years after Packard installed Torsion-Level suspension on both the front and rear wheels.[138]

Sales of all Chrysler models plummeted in 1958 and 1959 despite improvements in quality. Throughout the mid-and late-1950s, Chryslers were available in top-line New Yorker, mid-line Saratoga, and base Windsor series. Exner's designs for the Chrysler brand in the early 1960s were overblown versions of the late 1950s, which were unhelpful in sales. Exner left his post by 1962, leaving Elwood Engel, a recent transfer from Ford Motor Co, in charge of Chrysler styling.

1960s

Although early 1960s Chrysler cars reflected Virgil Exner's exaggerated styling, Elwood Engel's influence was evident as early as 1963, when a restyled, trimmer, boxier Chrysler was introduced. The Desoto lines along with the Windsor and Saratoga series were replaced with the Newport, while New Yorker continued as the luxury model, while Imperial continued to be the top-of-the-line brand. The Chrysler 300, officially part of the New Yorker product line, continued in production as a high-performance coupe through 1965, adding a different letter of the alphabet for each year of production, starting with the 300-B of 1956, through the 300-L of 1965. 1962 saw a "non-letter" 300 which was lower in price but was equipped with downgraded standard equipment. The '65 Chryslers were again dramatically restyled, with a thoroughly modern unit body and larger engines up to 440 cubic inches. They were squared off and slab-sided, with optional glass-covered headlamps that retracted when the headlights were turned on and a swept-back roofline for 2-door hardtop models. Chryslers through the 1960s were well-built, quality cars with innovative features such as unit bodies and front torsion bar suspension, and in 1963 Bob Hope was a spokesperson of The Chrysler Theatre, the same year the Chrysler Turbine Car was introduced.

1970s

The Cordoba was introduced by Chrysler for the 1975 model year as an upscale personal luxury car that replaced the 300, competing with the Oldsmobile Cutlass, Buick Regal, and Mercury Cougar. The Cordoba was originally intended to be a Plymouth—the names Mirada, Premier, Sebring, and Grand Era were associated with the project; all except Grand Era would be used on later Chrysler, Dodge, and Eagle vehicles, though only the Dodge Mirada would be related to the Cordoba. However, losses from the newly introduced full-size C-body models due to the 1973 oil crisis, along with the investment in the Turbine Car that didn't produce a product to sell encouraged Chrysler executives to seek higher profits by marketing the model under the more upscale Chrysler brand.

The car was a success, with over 150,000 examples sold in 1975, a sales year that was otherwise dismal for the company. For the 1976 model year, sales increased slightly to 165,000. The mildly revised 1977 version also sold well, with just under 140,000 cars. The success of using the Chrysler nameplate strategy is contrasted to sales of its similar and somewhat cheaper corporate cousin, the Dodge Charger SE.[citation needed][139] Interiors were more luxurious than the Dodge Charger SE and much more than the top-line standard intermediates (Plymouth Fury, Dodge Coronet) with a velour cloth notchback bench seat and folding armrest standard. Optionally available were bucket seats upholstered in Corinthian leather with a center armrest and cushion, or at extra cost, a center console with floor shifter and storage compartment.

In 1977, Chrysler brought out a new mid-size line of cars called LeBaron (a name previously used for an Imperial model) which included a coupe, sedan, and station wagon.

1980s

For 1982, the LeBaron moved to the front-wheel drive Chrysler K platform, where it was the upscale brand's lowest-priced offering. It was initially available in just sedan and coupe versions. In early 1982, it was released in a convertible version, bringing to the market the first factory-built open-topped domestic vehicle since the 1976 Cadillac Eldorado. A station wagon version called the Town and Country was added as well. A special Town and Country convertible was also made from 1983 until 1986 in limited quantities (1,105 total), which like the wagon featured simulated wood paneling that made it resemble the original 1940s Town and Country. This model was part of the well-equipped Mark Cross option package for the latter years.

In 1982 the R-body line was discontinued and the New Yorker nameplate transferred to the smaller M-body line. Up to this point, the Chrysler M-body entry had been sold as LeBaron, but that name was moved to a new K-car-based FWD line (refer to the Chrysler LeBaron article for information on the 1977-81 M-bodies). Following the nameplate swap, the M-body line was consolidated and simplified. 360 V8 engines were gone, as were coupes and station wagons (the K-car LeBaron's coupe and wagon replaced them). The Fifth Avenue option was still available as a $1,244 option package. It was adapted from the earlier LeBaron's package, with a distinctive vinyl roof, electroluminescent opera lamps, and a rear fascia adapted from the Dodge Diplomat. Interiors featured button-tufted, pillow-soft seats covered in either "Kimberley velvet" or "Corinthian leather", choices that would continue unchanged throughout the car's run. In addition, the carpet was thicker than that offered in the base New Yorker, Diplomat and Gran Fury/Caravelle Salon, and the interior had more chrome trim.

1983 was the last year for Chrysler's Cordoba coupe. Also in 1983, Chrysler introduced a new front-wheel-drive New Yorker model based on a stretched K-Car platform. Additionally, a less expensive, less equipped version of the new New Yorker was sold as the Chrysler E-Class in 1983 and 1984. More upscale stretched K-Car models were also sold as Chrysler Executive sedans and limousines.

For 1984, the New Yorker Fifth Avenue was now simply called Fifth Avenue, setting the name that would continue for six successful years. All Fifth Avenues from 1984 until 1989 were powered by a 318 cu in (5.2 L) V8 engine, with either a two-barrel carburetor making 140 hp (104 kW) (in all states except California) or a four-barrel rated at 170 hp (127 kW) (in California), mated to Chrysler's well-known Torqueflite three-speed automatic transmission. Fifth Avenue production was moved from Windsor, Ontario to St. Louis, Missouri. Beginning in late 1986 through the 1989 model year, they were manufactured at the American Motors plant in Kenosha, Wisconsin (purchased by Chrysler in 1987). The Fifth Avenue also far outsold its Dodge Diplomat and Plymouth Gran Fury siblings, with a much greater proportion of sales going to private customers, despite its higher price tag.[140] Production peaked at 118,000 cars for 1986 and the Fifth Avenue stood out in a by-now K-car dominated lineup as Chrysler's lone concession to traditional RWD American sedans.

Chrysler introduced a new mid-size four-door hatchback model for 1985 under the LeBaron GTS nameplate. It was sold alongside the mid-size LeBaron sedan, coupe, convertible, and station wagon. The LeBaron coupe and convertible were redesigned for 1987. Unlike previous LeBarons, this new coupe and convertible had unique styling instead of being just two-door versions of the sedan. The new design featured hidden headlamps (through 1992) and full-width taillights.

The New Yorker was redesigned for the 1988 model year and now included a standard V6 engine. This generation New Yorker also saw the return of hidden headlamps which had not been available on the New Yorker since the 1981 R-body version. In 1989, Chrysler brought out the TC by Maserati luxury roadster as a more affordable alternative to Cadillac's Allante. It was a joint venture model between Chrysler and Maserati.

1990s

 
1992–1993 Chrysler New Yorker Fifth Avenue

Chrysler re-introduced the Town & Country nameplate in the calendar year 1989 as a luxury rebadged variant of the Dodge Grand Caravan/Plymouth Grand Voyager minivan for the 1990 model year and continued to sell this incarnation of the Chrysler Town & Country until the end of the 2016 model year when Chrysler reintroduced the Pacifica nameplate for their minivan in the calendar year 2016 for the 2017 model year run. 1990 saw the previous relationship between New Yorker and Fifth Avenue return, as the Fifth Avenue became a model of the New Yorker. There was some substantive difference, however, as the New Yorker Fifth Avenue used a slightly longer chassis than the standard car. The new New Yorker Fifth Avenue's larger interior volume classified it as a full-size model this time; despite having smaller exterior dimensions than the first generation. For 1990, Chrysler's new 3.3L V6 engine was the standard and only choice, teamed with the company's A-604 four-speed electronic automatic transaxle. Beginning in 1991, a larger 3.8L V6 became optional. It delivered the same 147 horsepower as the 3.3, but had more torque.

The New Yorker Fifth Avenue's famous seats, long noted for their button-tufted appearance and sofa-like comfort, continued to be offered with the customer's choice of velour or leather, with the former "Corinthian leather" replaced by that of the Mark Cross company. Leather-equipped cars bore the Mark Cross logo on the seats and, externally, on an emblem attached to the brushed aluminum band ahead of the rear door opera windows. In this form, the New Yorker Fifth Avenue resembled the newly revived Chrysler Imperial, although some much-needed distinction was provided between the cars when the New Yorker Fifth Avenue (along with its New Yorker Salon linemate) received restyled, rounded-off front and rear ends for the 1992 model year, while the Imperial continued in its original crisply-lined form.

 
1992 Chrysler Imperial
 
The 1990s Chrysler Imperial featured full-width taillights.

The early 1990s saw a revival of the Imperial as a high-end sedan in Chrysler's lineup.[141] Unlike the 1955–1983 Imperial, this car was a model of Chrysler, not its own marque. Based on the Y platform, it represented the top full-size model in Chrysler's lineup; below it was the similar New Yorker Fifth Avenue, and below that was the shorter wheelbase New Yorker. The reintroduction of the Imperial was two years after the Lincoln Continental was changed to a front-wheel-drive sedan with a V6 engine. Other domestic competitors in this segment included the Cadillac Sedan de Ville/Fleetwood, Oldsmobile 98, and Buick Electra/Park Avenue. Though closely related, the Imperial differed from the New Yorker Fifth Avenue in many ways. The Imperial's nose was more wedge-shaped, while the New Yorker Fifth Avenue's had a sharper, more angular profile (the New Yorker Fifth Avenue was later restyled with a more rounded front end). The rears of the two cars also differed. Like the front, the New Yorker Fifth Avenue's rear came to stiffer angles while the Imperial's rear-end came to more rounded edges. Also found on the Imperial were full-width taillights which were similar to those of the Chrysler TC, as well as the early 1980s Imperial coupe, while the New Yorker Fifth Avenue came with smaller vertical taillights.

Initially, the 1990 Imperial was powered by the 147 hp (110 kW) 3.3L EGA V6 engine, which was rated at 185 lb⋅ft (251 N⋅m) of torque. For 1991, the 3.3L V6 was replaced by the larger 3.8L EGH V6.[142] Although horsepower only increased to 150 hp (112 kW), with the new larger 3.8L V6 torque increased to 215 lb⋅ft (292 N⋅m) at 2750 rpm. A four-speed automatic transmission was standard with both engines.

Also new for 1990 was a redesigned LeBaron sedan which offered a standard V6 engine. Later models would also be available with 4 cylinder engines.

The Town & Country minivan was restyled for 1991 in conjunction with the restyling of the Dodge and Plymouth minivan models. 1991 would also be the last year for the TC by Maserati, leaving the LeBaron as the brand's sole coupe and convertible options.

 
First generation featured full-width taillamp design.

The first generation of the Chrysler Concorde debuted at the 1992 North American International Auto Show in Detroit as a 1993 model. It debuted as a single, well-equipped model with a base price of US$18,341.[143] Out of all the LH sedans, the first generation Concorde was most closely related to the Eagle Vision. The Concorde was given a more traditional image than the Vision. The two shared nearly all sheet metal in common with the main differences limited to their grilles, rear fascias, bodyside moldings, and wheel choices. The Concorde featured a modern take on Chrysler's signature waterfall grille. It was split into six sections divided by body-colored strips with the Chrysler Pentastar logo on the center strip. The Concorde's rear fascia was highlighted by a full-width and full-height lightbar between the taillights, giving the appearance that the taillights stretched across the entire trunk. In keeping with its upscale position, Concorde's body side moldings incorporated bright chrome (later golden colored) work not found on its Dodge or Eagle siblings. On Concordes with gray lower body paint color, the gray came all the way up to the chrome beltline; on Visions, the gray lower body paint area was smaller and much more subtle. Wheel styles, which included available aluminum wheels with a Spiralcast design, were also unique to the Chrysler LH sedans (Concorde, LHS, New Yorker); Dodge and Eagle had their own different wheel styles.

Introduced in May 1993 for the 1994 model year, the Chrysler LHS was the top-of-the-line model for the division, as well as the most expensive of the Chrysler LH platform cars.[144] All the LH-series models shared a 113.0-inch (2,870 mm) wheelbase and were developed using Chrysler's new computer drafting system.[145] The car was differentiated from the division's New Yorker sedan by its bucket leather seats (the New Yorker had a bench seat) and standard features such as alloy wheels that were options on the New Yorker.[146] Further differences between the Chrysler LHS and its New Yorker counterpart were a floor console and shifter, five-passenger seating, lack of chrome trim, an upgraded interior and a sportier image. The New Yorker was dropped after the 1996 model year in favor of a six-passenger option on the LHS. The LHS received a minor face change in 1995 when the corporate-wide Pentastar emblem was replaced with the revived Chrysler brand emblem. Standard features of the LHS included a 3.5L EGE 24-valve 214 hp (160 kW; 217 PS) V6 engine, body-colored grille, side mirrors and trim, traction control, aluminum wheels, integrated fog lights, 8-way power-adjustable front seats, premium sound systems with amplifiers, and automatic temperature control. Unlike the New Yorker, leather seats were standard.

 
1994–1996 Chrysler New Yorker

The final generation of the New Yorker continued with front-wheel drive on an elongated version of the new Chrysler LH platform and was released in May 1993 along with the nearly identical Chrysler LHS as an early 1994 model, eight months after the original LH cars: the Chrysler Concorde, Dodge Intrepid, and Eagle Vision, were introduced. The New Yorker came standard with the 3.5L EGE which produced 214 hp (160 kW). Chrysler gave the New Yorker a more "traditional American" luxury image, and the LHS a more European performance image (as was done with the Eagle Vision). Little separated New Yorker from LHS in appearance, with New Yorker's chrome hood trim, body-color cladding, standard chrome wheel covers, and 15-inch wheels, column shifter, and front bench seat, being the only noticeable differences. An option provided for 16-inch wheels and a firmer suspension type ("touring suspension"). This option eliminated the technical differences between New Yorker and LHS. LHS came with almost all of New Yorker's optional features as standard equipment and featured the firmer tuned suspension, to go with its more European image.

During the 1994 model run, various changes were made to the New Yorker. On the outside, New Yorker was switched to new accent-color body cladding, whereas LHS received body-color cladding. This change aligned New Yorker with the Chrysler Concorde which also had accent-color cladding. Instead of standard 15-inch and optional 16-inch wheels, for the sake of enhanced stability 16-inch wheels became standard and the 15-inch versions were dropped. Likewise, the touring suspension option available on early 1994 New Yorker models was discontinued, leaving only "ride-tuned" suspension.

In 1995, the Chrysler Sebring was introduced as a coupe, replacing the LeBaron coupe, and the new JA platform Chrysler Cirrus replaced the outgoing LeBaron sedan. A year later, a convertible version of the Sebring went on the market and replaced the LeBaron convertible. In 1999, Chrysler introduced the new LH platform 300M sedan alongside a redesigned LHS. The 300M was originally designed to be the next-generation Eagle Vision but since the Eagle brand had been discontinued in 1998, it instead became a Chrysler sedan.

2000s

In 2000, the Voyager and Grand Voyager minivans were repositioned as Chrysler models due to the phasing out of the Plymouth brand. In 2001, a sedan was added to the Sebring model line and served as a replacement for the discontinued Cirrus. That same year, the Chrysler brand added a retro-styled PT Cruiser as well as the Prowler roadster which had previously been a Plymouth model. By 2004, all Chrysler brand minivans were now sold under the Town & Country nameplate.

The 2000s also saw the Chrysler brand move into the fast-growing crossover/SUV segment with the introduction of the Chrysler Pacifica crossover in 2004, and the Chrysler Aspen SUV in 2007. The Pacifica would be discontinued in 2008 (the nameplate would return on a new minivan model in 2017) and the Aspen would be discontinued in 2009.

Between 2004 and 2008, Chrysler offered a two-seat coupe and convertible model called Crossfire. This was in addition to Chrysler's five-seat Sebring coupe (through 2005) and four-seat convertible being sold at the time.

In 2005, Chrysler introduced the LX platform Chrysler 300 sedan which replaced both the 300M and Concorde. It was the brand's first rear-wheel-drive sedan since the discontinuation of the Chrysler Fifth Avenue in 1989. It was also the first time a Chrysler sedan was available with a V8 engine since 1989.

2010s

Following FCA's acquisition of Chrysler, FCA set a long-term goal of reviving the Chrysler brand as a full luxury brand to compete again with Cadillac and other luxury brands.[147] The company announced in October 2009 that future plans for Chrysler brand vehicles include closer cooperation and shared development between Chrysler and Lancia, an upscale Italian automaker within the Fiat Group.[148] In 2011, the brand's winged emblem was modified, eliminating the historic blue ribbon center which dated from the 1930s, replacing it with a blue-backed "Chrysler" nameplate. Also that year, the Chrysler 300 was restyled and the Sebring was rebranded as the Chrysler 200. In May 2014, FCA announced it would make the brand a mainstream brand with premium features.[149] A redesigned Chrysler 200 was introduced for 2015 as a sedan only, but would be discontinued in 2017 as FCA shifted focus more towards SUVs and minivans. For 2017, the Chrysler Pacifica nameplate returned on a new minivan, replacing the long-running Town & Country.

In 2010, Fiat Auto was planning to sell seven of its vehicles in the U.S. by 2014, while Fiat-controlled Chrysler Group was to supply nine models to sell under Fiat brands in the European market, according to a five-year plan rolled out on April 21, 2010, in Turin, Italy, by Fiat and Chrysler CEO Sergio Marchionne. At least five of the Fiat Auto models were expected to be marketed in the U.S. under its Alfa Romeo brand. Showing the level of integration envisioned, a product introduction timeline envisaged Chrysler-built compact and full-size SUVs going on sale in 2012 and 2014, respectively, in both European and North American markets.[150]

During this time, Chrysler's quality and customer satisfaction ratings had been below average according to Consumer Reports and J.D. Power since the late 1990s.[151] Chrysler did have a few quality successes during this period. Strategic Vision named Chrysler an overall winner in 2015, for strong customer appeal, and with the rise in quality of all cars the difference between high and low "problem-counting" ratings are relatively small.[152]

2020s

The low-end L and LX models were separated from the Pacifica line and sold under the Voyager nameplate starting with the 2020 model year. Additionally, a fleet-only Voyager LXi version was added.

The brand's current lineup consists of the Chrysler 300, Chrysler Pacifica and Chrysler Voyager.[153]

Environmental initiatives

Chrysler produced an experimental electric vehicle in 1979, the company developed Chrysler ETV-1 electric prototype in cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy.

In 1992, Chrysler developed the Dodge EPIC concept minivan. In 1993, Chrysler began to sell a limited-production electric minivan called the TEVan; however, only 56 were produced. In 1997, a second generation, called the EPIC, was released. It was discontinued after 1999.[154]

Chrysler once owned the Global Electric Motorcars company, building low-speed neighborhood electric vehicles, but sold GEM to Polaris Industries in 2011.

In September 2007, Chrysler established ENVI, an in-house organization focused on electric-drive vehicles and related technologies which was disbanded by late 2009.[155] In August 2009, Chrysler took US$70 million in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy to develop a test fleet of 220 hybrid pickup trucks and minivans.

The first hybrid models, the Chrysler Aspen hybrid and the Dodge Durango hybrid, were discontinued a few months after production in 2008,[156] sharing their GM-designed hybrid technology with GM, Daimler and BMW.[157]

Chrysler is on the Advisory Council of the PHEV Research Center, and undertook a government sponsored demonstration project with Ram and minivan vehicles.[158]

In 2012, FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne said that Chrysler and Fiat both plan to focus primarily on alternative fuels, such as CNG and Diesel, instead of hybrid and electric drivetrains for their consumer products.[159]

Fiat Chrysler bought a total of 8.2 million megagrams of U.S. greenhouse gas emission credits from competitors including Toyota, Honda, Tesla and Nissan for the 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2014 model years. [160] It had the worst fleet average fuel economy among major manufacturers selling in the US from model years 2012–2021.[161]

Chrysler Defense

See also: General Dynamics Land Systems

The dedicated tank building division of Chrysler, this division was founded as the Chrysler Tank division in 1940, originally with the intention of providing another production line for the M2 Medium Tank, so that the U.S. Army could more rapidly build up its inventory of the type. Its first plant was the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant. When the M2A1 was unexpectedly declared obsolete in August of the same year, plans were altered (though not without considerable difficulty) to produce the M3 Grant instead, primarily for the British as part of the United States under the counter support for Great Britain against Nazi Germany (the U.S. not yet being formally in the war), with the balance of the revised order going to the U.S. Army as the Lee. After December 1941 and the United States' entry into the war against the Axis powers, the Tank division rapidly expanded, with new facilities such as the Tank Arsenal Proving Ground at (then) Utica, Michigan. It also quickly widened the range of products it was developing and producing, including the M4 Sherman tank and the Chrysler A57 multibank tank engine.

Special programs

During World War II, essentially all of Chrysler's facilities were devoted to building military vehicles (the Jeep brand came later, after Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation).[162] They were also designing V12 and V16 hemi-engines producing 2,500 hp (1,864 kW; 2,535 PS) for airplanes, but they did not make it into production as jets were developed and were seen as the future for air travel.[163] During the 1950s Cold War period, Chrysler made air raid sirens powered by its Hemi V-8 engines.

Radar antennas

When the Radiation Laboratory at MIT was established in 1941 to develop microwave radars, one of the first projects resulted in the SCR-584, the most widely recognized radar system of the war era. This system included a parabolic antenna six feet in diameter that was mechanically aimed in a helical pattern (round and round as well as up and down).

One of Chrysler's most significant contributions to the war effort was in radar technology. For the final production design of this antenna and its highly complex drive mechanism, the Army's Signal Corps Laboratories turned to Chrysler's Central Engineering Office. There, the parabola was changed from aluminum to steel, allowing production to form using standard automotive presses. To keep weight down, 6,000 equally spaced holes were drilled in the face (this had no effect on the radiation pattern). The drive mechanism was completely redesigned, using technology derived from Chrysler's research in automotive gears and differentials. The changes resulted in improved performance, reduced weight, and easier maintenance. A large portion of the Dodge plant was used in building 1,500 of the SCR-584 antennas as well as the vans used in the systems.[164][165]

Aircraft

Missiles

In April 1950, the U.S. Army established the Ordnance Guided Missile Center (OGMC) at Redstone Arsenal, adjacent to Huntsville, Alabama. To form OGMC, over 1,000 civilian and military personnel were transferred from Fort Bliss, Texas. Included was a group of German scientists and engineers led by Wernher von Braun; this group had been brought to America under Project Paperclip. OGMC designed the Army's first short-range ballistic missile, the PGM-11 Redstone, based on the WWII German V-2 missile. Chrysler established the Missile Division to serve as the Redstone prime contractor, setting up an engineering operation in Huntsville and for production obtaining use from the U.S. Navy of a large plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan. The Redstone was in active service from 1958 until 1964; it was also the first missile to test-launch a live nuclear weapon, first detonated in a 1958 test in the South Pacific.[166]

Working together, the Missile Division and von Braun's team greatly increased the capability of the Redstone, resulting in the PGM-19 Jupiter, a medium-range ballistic missile. In May 1959, a Jupiter missile launched two small monkeys into space in a nose cone; this was America's first successful flight and recovery of live space payloads. Responsibility for deploying Jupiter missiles was transferred from the Army to the Air Force; armed with nuclear warheads, they were first deployed in Italy and Turkey during the early 1960s.[167]

Space boosters

In July 1959, NASA chose the Redstone missile as the basis for the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle to be used for suborbital test flights of the Project Mercury spacecraft. Three uncrewed MRLV launch attempts were made between November 1960 and March 1961, two of which were successful. The MRLV successfully launched the chimpanzee Ham, and astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom on three suborbital flights in January, May, and July 1961, respectively.

America's more ambitious crewed space travel plans included the design of the Saturn series of heavy-lift launch vehicles by a team headed by Wernher von Braun. Chrysler's Huntsville operation, then designated the Space Division, became Marshall Space Flight Center's prime contractor for the first stage of the Saturn I and Saturn IB versions. The design was based on a cluster of Redstone and Jupiter fuel tanks and Chrysler built it for the Apollo program in the Michoud Assembly Facility in East New Orleans, one of the largest manufacturing plants in the world. Between October 1961 and July 1975, NASA used ten Saturn Is and nine Saturn IBs for suborbital and orbital flights, all of which were successful;[168] Chrysler missiles and boosters never suffered a launch failure.[citation needed] The division was also a subcontractor which modified one of the mobile launcher platforms for use with the Saturn IB rockets using Saturn V infrastructure.

See also

Countries

References

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Further reading

  • Adler, Dennis (2000). Chrysler. MBI Publishers. ISBN 0-7603-0695-8. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  • Breer, Carl; Anthony J Yanik (1994). The birth of Chrysler Corporation and its engineering legacy. Society of Automotive Engineers. ISBN 1560915242. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  • Curcio, Vincent (2001). Chrysler: The Life and Times of an Automotive Genius. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507896-9. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  • Goolsbee, Austan D., and Alan B. Krueger. "A retrospective look at rescuing and restructuring General Motors and Chrysler." Journal of Economic Perspectives 29.2 (2015): 3-24. online
  • Yanik, Anthony J. (2009). Maxwell Motor and the Making of the Chrysler Corporation. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-3423-2. Retrieved June 3, 2014.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chrysler.
  • Official website  
  • Chrysler Scientific Labs and Test Services
  • Chrysler SEC Filings May 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  • Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation, filed under 12200 East Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Wayne County, MI:
    • HAER No. MI-24, "Chrysler Corporation", 17 data pages
    • HAER No. MI-24-A, "Chrysler Corporation, Manufacturing Plant", 24 data pages
    • HAER No. MI-24-B, "Chrysler Corporation, Office & Display Building", 12 data pages

January 18, 2023
chrysler, this, article, about, automobile, manufacturer, owned, stellantis, other, uses, disambiguation, stellantis, north, america, officially, formerly, three, automobile, manufacturers, united, states, headquartered, auburn, hills, michigan, american, subs. This article is about the automobile manufacturer owned by Stellantis For other uses see Chrysler disambiguation Stellantis North America officially FCA US and formerly Chrysler ˈ k r aɪ s l er 2 3 is one of the Big Three automobile manufacturers in the United States headquartered in Auburn Hills Michigan It is the American subsidiary of the multinational automotive company Stellantis In addition to the Chrysler brand Stellantis North America sells vehicles worldwide under the Dodge Jeep and Ram nameplates It also includes Mopar its automotive parts and accessories division and SRT its performance automobile division FCA USThe Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center in Auburn Hills Michigan headquarters of Stellantis North AmericaTrade nameStellantis North AmericaFormerlyChrysler Corporation 1925 1998 DaimlerChrysler 1998 2007 Chrysler LLC 2007 2009 Chrysler Group LLC 2009 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles US 2014 2021 TypeSubsidiaryIndustryAutomotivePredecessorUnited States Motor Company 1910 1913 Maxwell Chalmers 1913 1925 FoundedJune 6 1925 97 years ago 1925 06 06 FounderWalter P ChryslerHeadquarters1000 Chrysler Drive Auburn Hills Metro Detroit Michigan United StatesNumber of locationsSee List of Stellantis North America factoriesArea servedWorldwideKey peopleMark Stewart COO ProductsAutomobiles commercial vehicles automotive partsBrandsChrysler Dodge Jeep Mopar RamNumber of employeesc 90 000 2019 ParentStellantisWebsitestellantisnorthamerica comFootnotes references 1 The original Chrysler Corporation was founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler from the remains of the Maxwell Motor Company It was acquired by Daimler Benz which in 1998 renamed itself DaimlerChrysler After Daimler divested Chrysler in 2007 the company operated as Chrysler LLC 2007 2009 and Chrysler Group LLC 2009 2014 before being acquired by Fiat S p A and becoming a subsidiary of the newly formed Fiat Chrysler Automobiles FCA in 2014 Chrysler in 2021 is a subsidiary of Stellantis the company formed from the merger between FCA and PSA Group Peugeot Societe Anonyme in 2021 After founding the company Walter Chrysler used the General Motors brand diversification and hierarchy strategy that he had become familiar with when he worked in the Buick division at General Motors He then acquired Fargo Trucks and the Dodge Brothers Company and created the Plymouth and DeSoto brands in 1928 Facing postwar declines in market share productivity and profitability as GM and Ford were growing Chrysler borrowed 250 million in 1954 from Prudential Insurance to pay for expansion and updated car designs 4 5 6 Chrysler expanded into Europe by taking control of French British and Spanish auto companies in the 1960s Chrysler Europe was sold in 1978 to PSA Peugeot Citroen for 1 billion The company struggled to adapt to changing markets increased U S import competition and safety and environmental regulation in the 1970s It began an engineering partnership with Mitsubishi Motors and began selling Mitsubishi vehicles branded as Dodge and Plymouth in North America On the verge of bankruptcy in the late 1970s it was saved by 1 5 billion in loan guarantees from the U S government New CEO Lee Iacocca was credited with returning the company to profitability in the 1980s In 1985 Diamond Star Motors was created further expanding the Chrysler Mitsubishi relationship In 1987 Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation AMC which brought the profitable Jeep brand under the Chrysler umbrella In 1998 Chrysler merged with German automaker Daimler Benz to form DaimlerChrysler AG the merger proved contentious with investors As a result Chrysler was sold to Cerberus Capital Management and renamed Chrysler LLC in 2007 Like the other Big Three automobile manufacturers Chrysler was impacted by the automotive industry crisis of 2008 2010 The company remained in business through a combination of negotiations with creditors filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on April 30 2009 and participating in a bailout from the U S government through the Troubled Asset Relief Program On June 10 2009 Chrysler emerged from the bankruptcy proceedings with the United Auto Workers pension fund Fiat S p A and the U S and Canadian governments as principal owners The bankruptcy resulted in Chrysler defaulting on over 4 billion in debts In May 2011 Chrysler finished repaying its obligations to the U S government five years early although the cost to the American taxpayer was 1 3 billion Over the next few years Fiat S p A gradually acquired the other parties shares In January 2014 Fiat acquired the rest of Chrysler from the United Auto Workers retiree health trust making Chrysler Group a subsidiary of Fiat S p A 7 In May 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles was established by merging Fiat S p A into the company Chrysler Group LLC remained a subsidiary until December 15 2014 when it was renamed FCA US LLC to reflect the Fiat Chrysler merger 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 1925 1998 Chrysler Corporation 1 2 1998 2007 DaimlerChrysler 1 3 2007 2014 Effects of Great Recession 1 4 2014 2022 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles 1 5 Logo evolution 2 Corporate governance 2 1 Board of directors 2 2 Management team 3 Sales and marketing 3 1 United States sales 3 2 Global sales 3 3 Marketing 3 3 1 Lifetime powertrain warranty 3 3 2 Let s Refuel America 3 3 3 Lancia co branding 3 3 4 Ram trucks 3 3 5 Imported From Detroit 3 3 6 Halftime in America 3 3 7 America s Import 3 3 8 Slogans 4 Product line 4 1 Chrysler Uconnect 5 Brands 5 1 Current 5 2 Former 5 3 Brand predecessors 5 3 1 Maxwell Chalmers 5 3 2 United States Motor Company 5 3 3 The Chrysler Corporation 5 3 4 Rootes Group 5 3 5 American Motors Corporation 5 3 6 Kaiser Motors Corporation 5 3 7 Graham Paige 5 3 8 Willys Overland Motors 6 Chrysler brand 6 1 Early history 6 2 1930s 6 3 1940s 6 4 1950s 6 5 1960s 6 6 1970s 6 7 1980s 6 8 1990s 6 9 2000s 6 10 2010s 6 11 2020s 7 Environmental initiatives 8 Chrysler Defense 9 Special programs 9 1 Radar antennas 9 2 Aircraft 9 3 Missiles 9 4 Space boosters 10 See also 10 1 Countries 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Chrysler 1925 1998 Chrysler Corporation Edit The Chrysler company was founded by Walter Chrysler on June 6 1925 9 10 when the Maxwell Motor Company est 1904 was re organized into the Chrysler Corporation 11 12 The company was headquartered in the Detroit enclave of Highland Park 13 14 15 where it remained until completing the move to its present Auburn Hills location in 1996 16 Chrysler had arrived at the ailing Maxwell Chalmers company in the early 1920s hired to overhaul the company s troubled operations after a similar rescue job at the Willys Overland car company 17 In late 1923 production of the Chalmers automobile was ended 17 The Art Deco Chrysler Building in New York City was the company headquarters citation needed from 1930 until the mid 1950s In January 1924 Walter Chrysler launched the well received Chrysler automobile The Chrysler Six was designed to provide customers with an advanced well engineered car at an affordable price Elements of this car are traceable to a prototype which had been under development at Willys during Chrysler s tenure 18 The original 1924 Chrysler included a carburetor air filter high compression engine full pressure lubrication and an oil filter features absent from most autos at the time 19 20 Among the innovations in its early years were the first practical mass produced four wheel hydraulic brakes a system nearly completely engineered by Chrysler with patents assigned to Lockheed and rubber engine mounts called Floating Power to reduce vibration Chrysler also developed a wheel with a ridged rim designed to keep a deflated tire from flying off the wheel This wheel was eventually adopted by the auto industry worldwide The Maxwell brand was dropped after the 1925 model year with the new lower priced four cylinder Chryslers introduced for the 1926 year being badge engineered Maxwells 18 The advanced engineering and testing that went into Chrysler Corporation cars helped to push the company to the second place position in U S sales by 1936 which it held until 1949 In 1928 the Chrysler Corporation began dividing its vehicle offerings by price class and function The Plymouth brand was introduced at the low priced end of the market created essentially by once again reworking and rebadging the Chrysler Series 50 four cylinder model 18 At the same time the DeSoto brand was introduced in the medium price field Also in 1928 Chrysler bought the Dodge Brothers 21 automobile and truck company and continued the successful Dodge line of automobiles and Fargo range of trucks By the mid 1930s the DeSoto and Dodge divisions would trade places in the corporate hierarchy 1955 Imperial car model in its first year as a separate make apart from Chrysler shown on display at January 1955 Chicago Auto Show The Imperial name had been used since 1926 but was never a separate make just the top of the line Chrysler However in 1955 the company decided to offer it as its own make brand and division to better compete with its rivals Lincoln and Cadillac This addition changed the company s traditional four make lineup to five in order of price from bottom to top Plymouth Dodge DeSoto Chrysler and the now separate Imperial 22 23 In 1954 Chrysler was the exclusive provider of its Hemi engine in the Facel Vega a Paris France coachbuilder that offered their own line of hand built luxury performance cars with the PowerFlite and TorqueFlite transmissions offered The Facel Vega Excellence was a four door hardtop with rear hinged coach doors that listed for US 12 800 120 220 in 2021 dollars 24 25 source source track 1955 Chrysler Philco all transistor car radio Breaking News radio broadcast announcement On April 28 1955 Chrysler and Philco announced the development and production of the World s First All Transistor car radio 26 The all transistor car radio Mopar model 914HR developed and produced by Chrysler and Philco was a 150 option on the 1956 Imperial automobile models Philco began manufacturing this radio in the fall of 1955 at its Sandusky Ohio plant 27 28 29 On September 28 1957 Chrysler announced the first production electronic fuel injection EFI as an option on some of its new 1958 car models Chrysler 300D Dodge D500 DeSoto Adventurer Plymouth Fury The first attempt to use this system was by American Motors on the 1957 Rambler Rebel 30 31 Bendix Corporation s Electrojector used a transistor computer brain modulator box but teething problems on pre production cars meant very few cars were made 32 The EFI system in the Rambler ran fine in warm weather but suffered hard starting in cooler temperatures and AMC decided not to use this EFI system on its 1957 Rambler Rebel production cars that were sold to the public 31 Chrysler also used the Bendix Electrojector fuel injection system and only around 35 vehicles were built with this option on its 1958 production built car models 33 34 Owners of EFI Chryslers were so dissatisfied that all but one were retrofitted with carburetors while that one has been completely restored with original EFI electronic problems resolved 34 The Valiant was also introduced for the 1960 model year as a distinct brand In the U S market Valiant was made a model in the Plymouth line for 1961 and the DeSoto make was discontinued in 1961 With those exceptions per applicable year and market Chrysler s range from lowest to highest price from the 1940s through the 1970s was Valiant Plymouth Dodge DeSoto Chrysler and Imperial 35 From 1963 through 1969 Chrysler increased its existing stakes to take full control of the French Simca British Rootes and Spanish Barreiros companies merging them into Chrysler Europe in 1967 In the 1970s an engineering partnership was established with Mitsubishi Motors and Chrysler began selling Mitsubishi vehicles branded as Dodge and Plymouth in North America Chrysler struggled to adapt to the changing environment of the 1970s When consumer tastes shifted to smaller cars in the early 1970s particularly after the 1973 oil crisis Chrysler could not meet the demand although their compact models on the A body platform the Dodge Dart and Plymouth Valiant had proven economy and reliability and sold very well Additional burdens came from increased US import competition and tougher government regulation of car safety fuel economy and emissions As the smallest of the Big 3 US automakers Chrysler lacked the financial resources to meet all of these challenges In 1976 with the demise of the reliable Dart Valiant quality control declined Their replacements the Dodge Aspen and Plymouth Volare were comfortable and had good roadability but owners soon experienced major reliability problems which crept into other models as well Engines failed and or did not run well and premature rust plagued bodies In 1978 Lee Iacocca was brought in to turn the company around and in 1979 Iacocca sought US government help Congress later passed the Loan Guarantee Act providing 1 5 billion in loan guarantees 36 The Loan Guarantee Act required that Chrysler also obtain 2 billion in concessions or aid from sources outside the federal government which included interest rate reductions for 650 million of the savings asset sales of 300 million local and state tax concessions of 250 million and wage reductions of about 590 million along with a 50 million stock offering 180 million was to come from concessions from dealers and suppliers 37 After a period of plant closures and salary cuts agreed to by both management and the auto unions the loans were repaid with interest in 1983 In November 1983 the Dodge Caravan Plymouth Voyager was introduced establishing the minivan as a major category and initiating Chrysler s return to stability 37 38 In 1985 Diamond Star Motors was created further expanding the Chrysler Mitsubishi relationship In 1987 Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation AMC which brought the profitable Jeep brand under the Chrysler umbrella Aerial view of the Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center in Auburn Hills Michigan completed in 1996 Photo was taken in 2002 In 1985 Chrysler entered an agreement with AMC to produce Chrysler M platform rear drive as well as Dodge Omnis front wheel drive cars in AMC s Kenosha Wisconsin plant In 1987 Chrysler acquired the 47 ownership of AMC that was held by Renault The remaining outstanding shares of AMC were bought on the NYSE by August 5 1987 making the deal valued somewhere between US 1 7 billion and US 2 billion depending on how costs were counted 39 Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca wanted the Jeep brand particularly the Jeep Grand Cherokee ZJ that was under development the new world class manufacturing plant in Bramalea Ontario and AMC s engineering and management talent that became critical for Chrysler s future success 40 Chrysler established the Jeep Eagle division as a specialty arm to market products distinctly different from the K car based products with the Eagle cars targeting import buyers 41 Former AMC dealers sold Jeep vehicles and various new Eagle models as well as Chrysler products strengthening the automaker s retail distribution system Eurostar a joint venture between Chrysler and Steyr Daimler Puch began producing the Chrysler Voyager in Austria for European markets in 1992 1998 2007 DaimlerChrysler Edit In 1998 Chrysler and its subsidiaries entered into a partnership dubbed a merger of equals with German based Daimler Benz AG creating the combined entity DaimlerChrysler AG 42 To the surprise of many stockholders Daimler acquired Chrysler in a stock swap 43 before Chrysler CEO Bob Eaton retired Under DaimlerChrysler the company was named DaimlerChrysler Motors Company LLC with its U S operations generally called DCX The Eagle brand was retired soon after Chrysler s merger with Daimler Benz in 1998 44 Jeep became a stand alone division and efforts were made to merge the Chrysler and Jeep brands as one sales unit 45 In 2001 the Plymouth brand was also discontinued Eurostar also built the Chrysler PT Cruiser in 2001 and 2002 The Austrian venture was sold to Magna International in 2002 and became Magna Steyr The Voyager continued in production until 2007 whereas the Chrysler 300C Jeep Grand Cherokee and Jeep Commander were also built at the plant from 2005 until 2010 citation needed On May 14 2007 DaimlerChrysler announced the sale of 80 1 of Chrysler Group to American private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management L P thereafter known as Chrysler LLC although Daimler renamed as Daimler AG continued to hold a 19 9 stake 46 2007 2014 Effects of Great Recession Edit The economic collapse during the Financial crisis of 2007 2008 pushed the company to the brink On April 30 2009 the automaker filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection to be able to operate as a going concern while renegotiating its debt structure and other obligations 47 which resulted in the corporation defaulting on over 4 billion in secured debts 47 The U S government described the company s action as a prepackaged surgical bankruptcy 47 On June 10 2009 substantially all of Chrysler s assets were sold to New Chrysler organized as Chrysler Group LLC The federal government provided support for the deal with US 8 billion in financing at nearly 21 Under CEO Sergio Marchionne World Class Manufacturing or WCM a system of thorough manufacturing quality was introduced and several products were re launched with quality and luxury citation needed The Ram Jeep Dodge SRT and Chrysler divisions were separated to focus on their own identity and brand and 11 major model refreshes occurred in 21 months The PT Cruiser Nitro Liberty and Caliber models created during DCX were discontinued On May 24 2011 Chrysler repaid its 7 6 billion loans to the United States and Canadian governments 48 49 The US Treasury through the Troubled Asset Relief Program TARP invested 12 5 billion in Chrysler and recovered 11 2 billion when the company shares were sold in May 2011 resulting in a 1 3 billion loss 50 51 52 53 On July 21 2011 Fiat bought the Chrysler shares held by the US Treasury 54 The purchase made Chrysler foreign owned again this time as the luxury division The Chrysler 300 was badged Lancia Thema in some European markets with additional engine options giving Lancia a much needed replacement for its flagship 2014 2022 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Edit On January 21 2014 Fiat bought the remaining shares of Chrysler owned by the VEBA worth 3 65 billion 55 7 Several days later the intended reorganization of Fiat and Chrysler under a new holding company Fiat Chrysler Automobiles together with a new FCA logo were announced 56 The most challenging launch for this new company came immediately in January 2014 with a completely redesigned Chrysler 200 The vehicle s creation is from the completely integrated company FCA executing from a global compact wide platform 57 verification needed On December 16 2014 Chrysler Group LLC announced a name change to FCA US LLC 58 59 On January 12 2017 FCA shares traded at the New York Stock Exchange lost value after the EPA accused FCA US of using emissions cheating software to evade diesel emissions tests 60 61 62 63 however the company countered the accusations 64 and the chairman and CEO Sergio Marchionne sternly rejected them 65 The following day shares rose as investors played down the effect of the accusations Analysts gave estimates of potential fines from several hundred million dollars to 4 billion although the likelihood of a hefty fine was low 66 Senior United States Senator Bill Nelson urged the FTC to look into possible deceptive marketing of the company s diesel powered SUVs Shares dropped 2 2 after the announcement 67 68 FCA US would in 2022 plead guilty to a criminal charge of conspiring to defraud the US to wire fraud and to violate the Clean Air Act 69 70 On July 21 2018 Sergio Marchionne stepped down as chairman and CEO for health reasons and was replaced by John Elkann and Michael Manley respectively 71 As a result of ending domestic production of more fuel efficient passenger automobiles such as the Dodge Dart and Chrysler 200 sedans FCA US elected to pay 77 million in fines for violating the anti backsliding provision of fuel economy standards set under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 for its model year 2016 fleet 72 73 It was again fined for the 2017 model year for not meeting the minimum domestic passenger car standard FCA described the 79 million civil penalty as not expected to have a material impact on its business 74 As part of a January 2019 settlement Fiat Chrysler was to recall and repair approximately 100 000 automobiles equipped with a 3 0 liter V6 EcoDiesel engine having a prohibited defeat device pay 311 million in total civil penalties to US regulators and CARB pay 72 5 million for state civil penalties implement corporate governance reforms and pay 33 5 million to mitigate excess pollution The company was also to pay affected consumers up to 280 million and offer extended warranties on such vehicles worth 105 million The total value of the settlement was about 800 million though FCA did not admit liability and it did not resolve an ongoing criminal investigation 75 Logo evolution Edit Emblems used by the Chrysler Corporation through the years 76 Further information History of Chrysler Logos 1925 1955 1955 1962 1962 1998 1998 2007 n1 1 2007 2014 2014 2021 n1 2 2021 present n1 3 Notes DaimlerChrysler logo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles logo Stellantis logo Corporate governance Edit Chrysler House landmark executive offices in the Detroit Financial District As of 2022 update management positions of Stellantis North America include 77 Board of directors Edit Mark Stewart COO Michael J Keegan Chief Audit Sustainability and Compliance Officer Richard Palmer CFOManagement team Edit Jeffrey Kommor head of US sales Lottie Holland head of diversity inclusion and engagement FCA North America Bruno Cattori president and CEO FCA Mexico S A de C V Mark Champine head of quality FCA North America Mark Chernoby chief technical compliance officer Stellantis N V Martin Horneck head of purchasing and supply chain management FCA North America Mamatha Chamarthi chief information officer FCA North America and Asia Pacific Marissa Hunter head of marketing Philip Langley head of network development FCA North America Ralph Gilles head of design Michael Resha head of manufacturing FCA North America Roger Shane Karr head of external affairs FCA North America Michael J Keegan chief audit sustainability and compliance officer Michael Koval Jr brand chief executive officer Ram Trucks Timothy Kuniskis brand chief executive officer Chrysler interim Dodge Jim Morisson head of Jeep brand FCA North America Joao Laranjo chief financial officer FCA North America Michael Bly head of global propulsion systems Stellantis N V Jeffrey P Lux head of transmission powertrain FCA North America Chris Pardi general counsel and corporate secretary FCA North America Barbara J Pilarski head of business development FCA North America Mark Stewart chief operating officer Scott Thiele head of portfolio planning FCA North America head of global long range plan coordination Joseph Veltri head of investor relations Rob Wichman ad interim head of product development FCA North America Larry Dominique senior vice president Alfa Romeo North America Christopher G Fields vice president U S employee relationsSales and marketing EditUnited States sales Edit Chrysler is the smallest of the Big Three U S automakers Stellantis North America Ford Motor Company and General Motors In 2020 FCA US sold just over 1 8 million vehicles citation needed Global sales Edit Chrysler was the world s 11th largest vehicle manufacturer as ranked by OICA in 2012 78 Total Chrysler vehicle production was about 2 37 million that year Marketing Edit Lifetime powertrain warranty Edit In 2007 Chrysler began to offer vehicle lifetime powertrain warranty for the first registered owner or retail lessee 79 The deal covered owner or lessee in U S Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands for 2009 model year vehicles and 2006 2007 and 2008 model year vehicles purchased on or after July 26 2007 Covered vehicles excluded SRT models Diesel vehicles Sprinter models Ram Chassis Cab Hybrid System components including transmission and certain fleet vehicles The warranty is non transferable 80 After Chrysler s restructuring the warranty program was replaced by five year 100 000 mile transferable warranty for 2010 or later vehicles 81 Let s Refuel America Edit In 2008 as a response to customer feedback citing the prospect of rising gas prices as a top concern Chrysler launched the Let s Refuel America incentive campaign which guaranteed new car buyers a gasoline price of 2 99 for three years 82 With the U S purchase of eligible Chrysler Jeep and Dodge vehicles customers could enroll in the program and receive a gas card that immediately lowers their gas price to 2 99 a gallon and keeps it there for the three years Lancia co branding Edit Chrysler plans for Lancia to codevelop products with some vehicles being shared Olivier Francois Lancia s CEO was appointed to the Chrysler division in October 2009 Francois plans to reestablish the Chrysler brand as an upscale brand 83 Ram trucks Edit In October 2009 Dodge s car and truck lines were separated with the name Dodge being used for cars minivans and crossovers and Ram for light and medium duty trucks and other commercial use vehicles 84 Calendar year U S Chrysler sales Chg yr 1999 85 2 638 5612000 2 522 695 4 4 2001 86 2 273 208 9 9 2002 87 2 205 446 3 2003 2 127 451 3 5 2004 88 2 206 024 3 7 2005 88 2 304 833 4 5 2006 89 2 142 505 7 2007 89 2 076 650 3 1 2008 90 1 453 122 30 2009 91 931 402 36 2010 92 1 085 211 17 2011 93 1 369 114 26 2012 94 1 651 787 21 2013 95 1 800 368 9 2014 96 2 090 639 16 2015 97 2 243 907 7 2016 98 2 244 315 0 0 2017 99 2 059 376 0 8 2018 100 2 235 204 8 5 2019 101 2 203 663 1 4 2020 102 1 820 636 17 4 2021 103 1 777 394 2 4 2022 104 1 547 076 13 0 Imported From Detroit Edit In 2011 Chrysler unveiled their Imported From Detroit campaign with ads featuring Detroit rapper Eminem one of which aired during the Super Bowl The campaign highlighted the rejuvenation of the entire product lineup which included the new redesigned and repackaged 2011 model year 200 sedans and 200 convertibles the Chrysler 300 sedan and the Chrysler Town amp Country minivan 105 106 As part of the campaign Chrysler sold a line of clothing items featuring the Monument to Joe Louis with proceeds being funneled to Detroit area charities including the Boys and Girls Clubs of Southeast Michigan Habitat for Humanity Detroit and the Marshall Mathers Foundation 107 In March 2011 Chrysler Group LLC filed a lawsuit against Moda Group LLC owner of Pure Detroit clothing retailer for copying and selling merchandise with the Imported from Detroit slogan 108 Chrysler claimed it had notified defendant of its pending trademark application February 14 but the defendant argued Chrysler had not secured a trademark for the Imported From Detroit phrase On June 18 2011 U S District Judge Arthur Tarnow ruled that Chrysler s request did not show that it would suffer irreparable harm or that it had a strong likelihood of winning its case Therefore Pure Detroit s owner Detroit retailer Moda Group LLC can continue selling its Imported from Detroit products Tarnow also noted that Chrysler does not have a trademark on Imported from Detroit and rejected the automaker s argument that trademark law is not applicable to the case 109 110 In March 2012 Chrysler Group LLC and Pure Detroit agreed to a March 27 mediation to try to settle the lawsuit over the clothing company s use of Imported from Detroit slogan 111 Pure Detroit stated that Chrysler has made false claims about the origins of three vehicles Chrysler 200 Chrysler 300 and Chrysler Town amp Country none of which are built in Detroit Pure Detroit also said that Chrysler s Imported From Detroit merchandise is not being made in Detroit citation needed In 2012 Chrysler and Pure Detroit came to an undisclosed settlement 112 Chrysler s Jefferson North Assembly which makes the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango is the only car manufacturing plant of any company remaining entirely in Detroit General Motors operates a plant that is partly in Detroit and partly in Hamtramck 113 In 2011 Eminem settled a lawsuit against Audi alleging the defendant had ripped off the Chrysler 300 Super Bowl commercial in the Audi A6 Avant ad 114 Halftime in America Edit Main article Halftime in America Again in 2012 Chrysler advertised during the Super Bowl Its two minute February 5 2012 Super Bowl XLVI advertisement was titled Halftime in America The ad drew criticism from several leading U S conservatives who suggested that its messaging implied that President Barack Obama deserved a second term and as such was political payback for Obama s support for the federal bailout of the company 115 Asked about the criticism in a 60 Minutes interview with Steve Kroft Sergio Marchionne responded just to rectify the record I paid back the loans at 19 7 Interest I don t think I committed to do to a commercial on top of that and characterized the Republican reaction as unnecessary and out of place 116 America s Import Edit In 2014 Chrysler started using a new slogan America s Import in ads introducing their all new 2015 Chrysler 200 117 targeting foreign automakers from Germany to Japan with such ads German performance and Japanese quality and at the ending of selected ads the advertisement will say We Built This indicating being built in America instead of overseas Slogans Edit Engineered to the Power of Cars 1998 2001 Drive Love 2002 2004 Inspiration comes standard 2004 2007 Engineered Beautifully 2007 mid 2010 118 Imported From Detroit 2011 2014 119 120 America s Import 2014 2016 117 Product line EditChrysler Uconnect Edit First introduced as MyGig Chrysler Uconnect is a system that brings interactive ability to the in car radio and telemetric like controls to car settings 121 As of mid 2015 it was installed in hundreds of thousands of Fiat Chrysler vehicles 122 It connects to the Internet via the mobile network of AT amp T providing the car with its own IP address 122 Internet connectivity using any Chrysler Dodge Jeep or Ram vehicle via a Wi Fi hot spot is also available via Uconnect Web According to Chrysler LLC the hotspot range extends approximately 100 feet 30 m from the vehicle in all directions and combines both Wi Fi and Sprint s 3G cellular connectivity citation needed Uconnect is available on several current when and was available on several discontinued Chrysler models including the current Dodge Dart Chrysler 300 Aspen Sebring Town and Country Dodge Avenger Caliber Grand Caravan Challenger Charger Journey Nitro and Ram 123 In July 2015 IT security researchers announced a severe security flaw assumed to affect every Chrysler vehicle with Uconnect produced from late 2013 to early 2015 122 It allows hackers to gain access to the car over the Internet and in the case of a Jeep Cherokee was demonstrated to enable an attacker to take control not just of the radio A C and windshield wipers but also of the car s steering brakes and transmission 122 Chrysler published a patch that car owners can download and install via a USB stick or have a car dealer install for them 122 Brands EditCurrent and former brands of Stellantis North America Current Edit Origin Brand Estab Added Notes USA Chrysler 1925 1925 USA Jeep 1943 1987 Acquired from American Motors USA Dodge 1900 1928 USA Mopar n 1 1937 1937 USA Ram Trucks 2010 2010 Previously Dodge Ram pickup USA SRT 1989 1989 Currently part of Dodge ITA Alfa Romeo 1910 2009 ITA Fiat 1899 2014 ITA Fiat Professional 2007 2014Former Edit Origin Brand Estab ChryslerYears Fate USA American Motors 1954 1987 1988 Defunct succeeded by the Eagle brand 124 USA Chrysler Amplex n 2 1932 1932 1988 Sold to ICM Industries USA Graham Brothers 1916 1928 1929 discontinued and trucks continued under Dodge and Fargo Passenger car division continued independently as Graham Paige USA Chrysler Europe 1971 1971 1978 Sold to Peugeot USA Chrysler Marine n 3 1927 1927 1980 Discontinued USA DeSoto n 4 1928 1928 1961 Models consolidated and replaced by Chrysler Newport USA Eagle n 5 1988 1988 1998 Discontinued USA Fargo 1913 1913 1972 Discontinued n 6 USA Global Electric Motorcars 1992 1998 2011 Sold to Polaris Industries USA Imperial 1955 1955 1983 Discontinued USA Plymouth 1928 1928 2001 Discontinued all unique incoming models integrated into Chrysler Line up USA Valiant 1959 1959 1976 Discontinued n 7 ITA Lamborghini 1963 1987 1994 Sold to Mycom V Power Corp 127 UK Rootes Motors Ltd 1913 1964 1971 Discontinued became Chrysler EuropeNotes Replacement parts for Chrysler built vehicles as well as a brand for dealer service and customer service operations It includes Mopar Performance a subdivision providing performance aftermarket parts for Chrysler built vehicles Division that manufactured bearings and gears Division that built inboard outboard engines and various types of boats 125 Desoto trucks were built and sold by Chrysler in Turkey until 1978 after which Askam took over the Turkish rights to the marque Name derived from the AMC Eagle model after Chrysler took over American Motors in 1987 Replaced by Plymouth Trucks in the US in 1937 and folded into the Dodge Division after 1972 in Canada 126 The Valiant was introduced in 1960 as a separate Chrysler brand then was incorporated into the Plymouth line in the US starting in 1961 Brand predecessors Edit Maxwell Chalmers Edit Maxwell 1904 1926 US New Models renamed Chrysler and Plymouth Chalmers 1908 1923 US High end Luxury Cars Merged with Maxwell 1922 United States Motor Company Edit 1908 1913 Reorganized and folded into Maxwell 128 Brush 1907 1913 Dayton 1905 1913 Alden Sampson 1910 1913 Columbia 1899 1910 Riker 1897 1907 Electric Vehicle Company 1899 1907 Argo Hackett Lorraine Detroit Thomas 1906 1908 Sampson 129 1903 1913 Stoddard Courier 1909 1913 Providence Gray Marine Motor Company 130 The Chrysler Corporation Edit Graham Brothers 1916 1929 Trucks acquired by The Dodge Brothers Company in 1925 with the passenger car division split to form Graham Paige folded into Dodge brand after Chrysler s ownership Fargo 1913 1935 US 1920 1972 Canada Trucks and Vans Replaced by Plymouth Trucks in the US in 1937 and folded into the Dodge Division after 1972 in Canada 131 Rootes Group Edit 1913 1971 UK Minority interest purchased by Chrysler in 1964 progressively taking controlling interest in 1967 renamed Chrysler Europe in 1971 Sunbeam 1901 1976 UK Humber 1898 1976 UK Singer 1905 1970 UK Commer 1905 1979 UK Hillman 1907 1976 UK Karrier 1908 1977 UK Talbot 1903 1958 1979 1994 UK Simca 1934 1977 France Barreiros 1959 1978 Spain American Motors Corporation Edit 1954 1988 US Purchased by Chrysler and renamed Jeep Eagle Division AMC Brand 1967 1987 US rebranded Eagle Hudson 1909 1957 US Aerocar 1905 1908 US Brand discontinued and Reorganized into Hudson Motors Essex 1918 1933 US Folded into the main Hudson line Terraplane 1932 1938 US Nash 1917 1957 US Jeffery 1903 1917 US Line Dissolved and Renamed Nash in 1915 LaFayette 1919 1940 US Folded into Nash Ajax 1925 1926 US Mitchell 1903 1923 US purchased and renamed Ajax Rambler 1900 1914 1950 1969 US Metropolitan 1959 1962 US 132 AM General US 1970 1983 The former contract division of AMCKaiser Motors Corporation Edit Kaiser 1946 1955 Entry level 133 134 135 Renamed Willys Kaiser Motors then to Kaiser Jeep Corporation Purchased by AMC in 1970 Frazer 1946 1951 US Entry level Luxury Discontinued models incorporated in Kaiser Line Graham Paige Edit 1927 1947 Mid priced cars Purchased by Henry Kaiser and reorganized into Kaiser Frazer Motors Paige Detroit 1908 1928 Jewett 1922 1926 Willys Overland Motors Edit 1912 1963 US Acquired by Kaiser Motors later Kaiser Jeep then by AMC in 1970 Willys 1908 1955 US Withdrawn from the US market in 1955 Used as a Jeep Wrangler trim level Overland 1903 1926 US Acquired by Willys Motors in 1912 Has been used as a Jeep trim level since 2002 Russell 1904 1916 Canada Curtiss 1917 1920 US Sold to Clement M Keys and merged with Wright Aeronautical Stearns Knight 1898 1929 US purchased by Willys in 1925 Chrysler brand EditSee also List of Chrysler vehicles Chrysler Product typeLuxury carsOwnerStellantisProduced byStellantis North AmericaCountryUnited StatesIntroducedJune 6 1925 97 years ago 1925 06 06 Previous ownersChrysler Corporation 1925 1998 DaimlerChrysler 1998 2007 Chrysler LLC 2007 2009 Chrysler Group LLC 2009 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles 2014 2021 Websitechrysler comThe Chrysler brand has mostly been Chrysler s premium brand competing with brands such as Cadillac Packard Cord and Lincoln After the corporation decided to spin Imperial off as a separate brand in 1955 to better compete with Cadillac and Lincoln Chrysler became the corporation s number two brand but still offered luxury and near luxury products After the Imperial brand was dropped in 1983 Chrysler once again became the top brand Early history Edit The first Chrysler cars were introduced on January 5 1924 at the New York Automobile Show one year before Chrysler Corporation itself was created These cars launched by Maxwell Motors had a new high compression six cylinder a seven bearing crankshaft carburetor air cleaner replaceable oil filter and four wheel hydraulic brakes Features like this had never been offered in a medium priced car before and the 32 000 first year record sales proved the popularity of this model citation needed In 1926 Chrysler Introduces the Chrysler 70 named for its ability to hit 70 MPH In 1927 Chrysler had four models the Chrysler 50 60 70 and Imperial 80 Chrysler was in fourth place in sales with 192 082 units delivered In 1928 Chrysler invested 23 million to expand its plants 1930s Edit In 1930 Chrysler began wiring the Chrysler Model 70 and 77 for radios Chrysler also became the first car to offer the downdraft carburetor on its models With the new carburetor Chrysler also received a new cam driven fuel pump For the 1931 model Chrysler received new radiator grilles a new inline 8 engine and automatic spark control The 1932 Chryslers introduced the Floating Power rubber engine mounts which eliminated further vibrations from the chassis A vacuum controlled automatic clutch Oilite bearings and the first universal joints with roller bearings were also added In 1933 Chrysler models received a host of new improvements including a new three speed manual transmission that used helical gears for silent use Chrysler engines received new alloy valve seats for better reliability along with new spring shackles which improved lubrication In 1934 the Chrysler 6 introduced an independent front coil spring suspension and received vent windows that rolled down with the side glass Chrysler also introduced its revolutionary Chrysler Airflow which included a welded Unibody a wind tunnel designed aerodynamic body for a better power to power ratio and better handling In 1935 Chrysler introduced the Plymouth based Chrysler Airstream Six which gave customers an economical modern alternative to the radically styled Airflows The Airflow received an updated front hood and grille for 1935 For 1936 the Chrysler Airflow received an enlarged luggage compartment a new roof and a new adjustable front seat The Airstream Six and Eight of the previous year were renamed the Chrysler Six and Deluxe Eight The Automatic overdrive was optional to both cars For 1937 the Airflow cars were mostly discontinued besides the C 17 Airflow which received a final facelift Only 4600 C 17 Airflows were built for 1937 The Chrysler Six and Chrysler Eight were respectively renamed the Royal and Imperial and gained isolated rubber body mounts to remove road vibrations In 1938 the Chrysler Royal received the new 95 HP Gold Seal Inline 6 In 1939 Chrysler unveiled Superfinish a process in which all major chassis components subject to wear were finished to a mirror like surface Other features new to Chrysler were push button door locks and rotary type door latches 136 1940s Edit For 1940 Chrysler introduced sealed beam headlights on its cars which in turn improved night visibility by 50 Mid year in 1940 Chrysler introduced the Highlander as a special edition featuring popular features and Scottish plaid interior The luxury sport model called the Saratoga was also added to the New Yorker range as the Imperial became the exclusive limousine model In 1941 Chrysler introduces the Fluid Drive semi automatic transmission 1942 Chryslers were redesigned with a wrap a round chrome grille and concealed running boards for this abbreviated model year civilian production stopped by February 1942 For 1946 Chrysler redesigned the 1942 cars and reintroduced the Town amp Country In 1949 Chrysler came out with the first all new redesign in almost a decade In 1949 Chrysler moved the ignition to key only instead of having a key and push button they also reintroduced the nine passenger station wagon body style to the line 137 1950s Edit For 1950 Chrysler updated the overly conservative 1949 models by lowering cars slightly updating the grille to appear more simple replacing the chrome fin tail lamps with flush units and removing the third brake light from the trunk lid Also in 1950 Chrysler introduced disc brakes on the Imperial the new Chrysler Newport hardtop power windows and the padded safety dash Chrysler introduced their first overhead valve high compression V8 engine in 1951 Displacing 331 cubic inches it was rated at 180 bhp 20 more horsepower than the new for 1949 Cadillac V8 It was unique as the only American V8 engine designed with hemispherical combustion chambers After successfully winning Mexican Road Races the engine was upgraded to 250 bhp by 1955 Although Chrysler didn t build a small sporty car such as the Chevrolet Corvette and the Ford Thunderbird they decided to build a unique sporting car based on the New Yorker hardtop coupe that featured a 300 bhp Hemi V8 To add to the car s uniqueness the car was given a grille from the Imperial and side trim from the less adorned Windsor A PowerFlite 2 speed automatic transmission was the only available gearbox It was marketed as the Chrysler 300 emphasizing the engine s horsepower continuing a luxury sport approach introduced earlier with the Chrysler Saratoga A 1955 restyle by newly hired Virgil Exner saw a dramatic rise in Chrysler sales which rose even more in 1957 when the entire line was dramatically restyled a second time with a sloping front end and high flying tailfins at the rear Although well received at first it soon became apparent that quality control was compromised to get the new cars to market on an accelerated schedule In 1957 all Chrysler products were installed with Torsion Aire front suspension which was a Torsion bar suspension only for the front wheels that followed two years after Packard installed Torsion Level suspension on both the front and rear wheels 138 Sales of all Chrysler models plummeted in 1958 and 1959 despite improvements in quality Throughout the mid and late 1950s Chryslers were available in top line New Yorker mid line Saratoga and base Windsor series Exner s designs for the Chrysler brand in the early 1960s were overblown versions of the late 1950s which were unhelpful in sales Exner left his post by 1962 leaving Elwood Engel a recent transfer from Ford Motor Co in charge of Chrysler styling 1960s Edit Although early 1960s Chrysler cars reflected Virgil Exner s exaggerated styling Elwood Engel s influence was evident as early as 1963 when a restyled trimmer boxier Chrysler was introduced The Desoto lines along with the Windsor and Saratoga series were replaced with the Newport while New Yorker continued as the luxury model while Imperial continued to be the top of the line brand The Chrysler 300 officially part of the New Yorker product line continued in production as a high performance coupe through 1965 adding a different letter of the alphabet for each year of production starting with the 300 B of 1956 through the 300 L of 1965 1962 saw a non letter 300 which was lower in price but was equipped with downgraded standard equipment The 65 Chryslers were again dramatically restyled with a thoroughly modern unit body and larger engines up to 440 cubic inches They were squared off and slab sided with optional glass covered headlamps that retracted when the headlights were turned on and a swept back roofline for 2 door hardtop models Chryslers through the 1960s were well built quality cars with innovative features such as unit bodies and front torsion bar suspension and in 1963 Bob Hope was a spokesperson of The Chrysler Theatre the same year the Chrysler Turbine Car was introduced 1970s Edit The Cordoba was introduced by Chrysler for the 1975 model year as an upscale personal luxury car that replaced the 300 competing with the Oldsmobile Cutlass Buick Regal and Mercury Cougar The Cordoba was originally intended to be a Plymouth the names Mirada Premier Sebring and Grand Era were associated with the project all except Grand Era would be used on later Chrysler Dodge and Eagle vehicles though only the Dodge Mirada would be related to the Cordoba However losses from the newly introduced full size C body models due to the 1973 oil crisis along with the investment in the Turbine Car that didn t produce a product to sell encouraged Chrysler executives to seek higher profits by marketing the model under the more upscale Chrysler brand The car was a success with over 150 000 examples sold in 1975 a sales year that was otherwise dismal for the company For the 1976 model year sales increased slightly to 165 000 The mildly revised 1977 version also sold well with just under 140 000 cars The success of using the Chrysler nameplate strategy is contrasted to sales of its similar and somewhat cheaper corporate cousin the Dodge Charger SE citation needed 139 Interiors were more luxurious than the Dodge Charger SE and much more than the top line standard intermediates Plymouth Fury Dodge Coronet with a velour cloth notchback bench seat and folding armrest standard Optionally available were bucket seats upholstered in Corinthian leather with a center armrest and cushion or at extra cost a center console with floor shifter and storage compartment In 1977 Chrysler brought out a new mid size line of cars called LeBaron a name previously used for an Imperial model which included a coupe sedan and station wagon 1980s Edit For 1982 the LeBaron moved to the front wheel drive Chrysler K platform where it was the upscale brand s lowest priced offering It was initially available in just sedan and coupe versions In early 1982 it was released in a convertible version bringing to the market the first factory built open topped domestic vehicle since the 1976 Cadillac Eldorado A station wagon version called the Town and Country was added as well A special Town and Country convertible was also made from 1983 until 1986 in limited quantities 1 105 total which like the wagon featured simulated wood paneling that made it resemble the original 1940s Town and Country This model was part of the well equipped Mark Cross option package for the latter years In 1982 the R body line was discontinued and the New Yorker nameplate transferred to the smaller M body line Up to this point the Chrysler M body entry had been sold as LeBaron but that name was moved to a new K car based FWD line refer to the Chrysler LeBaron article for information on the 1977 81 M bodies Following the nameplate swap the M body line was consolidated and simplified 360 V8 engines were gone as were coupes and station wagons the K car LeBaron s coupe and wagon replaced them The Fifth Avenue option was still available as a 1 244 option package It was adapted from the earlier LeBaron s package with a distinctive vinyl roof electroluminescent opera lamps and a rear fascia adapted from the Dodge Diplomat Interiors featured button tufted pillow soft seats covered in either Kimberley velvet or Corinthian leather choices that would continue unchanged throughout the car s run In addition the carpet was thicker than that offered in the base New Yorker Diplomat and Gran Fury Caravelle Salon and the interior had more chrome trim 1983 was the last year for Chrysler s Cordoba coupe Also in 1983 Chrysler introduced a new front wheel drive New Yorker model based on a stretched K Car platform Additionally a less expensive less equipped version of the new New Yorker was sold as the Chrysler E Class in 1983 and 1984 More upscale stretched K Car models were also sold as Chrysler Executive sedans and limousines For 1984 the New Yorker Fifth Avenue was now simply called Fifth Avenue setting the name that would continue for six successful years All Fifth Avenues from 1984 until 1989 were powered by a 318 cu in 5 2 L V8 engine with either a two barrel carburetor making 140 hp 104 kW in all states except California or a four barrel rated at 170 hp 127 kW in California mated to Chrysler s well known Torqueflite three speed automatic transmission Fifth Avenue production was moved from Windsor Ontario to St Louis Missouri Beginning in late 1986 through the 1989 model year they were manufactured at the American Motors plant in Kenosha Wisconsin purchased by Chrysler in 1987 The Fifth Avenue also far outsold its Dodge Diplomat and Plymouth Gran Fury siblings with a much greater proportion of sales going to private customers despite its higher price tag 140 Production peaked at 118 000 cars for 1986 and the Fifth Avenue stood out in a by now K car dominated lineup as Chrysler s lone concession to traditional RWD American sedans Chrysler introduced a new mid size four door hatchback model for 1985 under the LeBaron GTS nameplate It was sold alongside the mid size LeBaron sedan coupe convertible and station wagon The LeBaron coupe and convertible were redesigned for 1987 Unlike previous LeBarons this new coupe and convertible had unique styling instead of being just two door versions of the sedan The new design featured hidden headlamps through 1992 and full width taillights The New Yorker was redesigned for the 1988 model year and now included a standard V6 engine This generation New Yorker also saw the return of hidden headlamps which had not been available on the New Yorker since the 1981 R body version In 1989 Chrysler brought out the TC by Maserati luxury roadster as a more affordable alternative to Cadillac s Allante It was a joint venture model between Chrysler and Maserati 1990s Edit 1992 1993 Chrysler New Yorker Fifth Avenue Chrysler re introduced the Town amp Country nameplate in the calendar year 1989 as a luxury rebadged variant of the Dodge Grand Caravan Plymouth Grand Voyager minivan for the 1990 model year and continued to sell this incarnation of the Chrysler Town amp Country until the end of the 2016 model year when Chrysler reintroduced the Pacifica nameplate for their minivan in the calendar year 2016 for the 2017 model year run 1990 saw the previous relationship between New Yorker and Fifth Avenue return as the Fifth Avenue became a model of the New Yorker There was some substantive difference however as the New Yorker Fifth Avenue used a slightly longer chassis than the standard car The new New Yorker Fifth Avenue s larger interior volume classified it as a full size model this time despite having smaller exterior dimensions than the first generation For 1990 Chrysler s new 3 3L V6 engine was the standard and only choice teamed with the company s A 604 four speed electronic automatic transaxle Beginning in 1991 a larger 3 8L V6 became optional It delivered the same 147 horsepower as the 3 3 but had more torque The New Yorker Fifth Avenue s famous seats long noted for their button tufted appearance and sofa like comfort continued to be offered with the customer s choice of velour or leather with the former Corinthian leather replaced by that of the Mark Cross company Leather equipped cars bore the Mark Cross logo on the seats and externally on an emblem attached to the brushed aluminum band ahead of the rear door opera windows In this form the New Yorker Fifth Avenue resembled the newly revived Chrysler Imperial although some much needed distinction was provided between the cars when the New Yorker Fifth Avenue along with its New Yorker Salon linemate received restyled rounded off front and rear ends for the 1992 model year while the Imperial continued in its original crisply lined form 1992 Chrysler Imperial The 1990s Chrysler Imperial featured full width taillights The early 1990s saw a revival of the Imperial as a high end sedan in Chrysler s lineup 141 Unlike the 1955 1983 Imperial this car was a model of Chrysler not its own marque Based on the Y platform it represented the top full size model in Chrysler s lineup below it was the similar New Yorker Fifth Avenue and below that was the shorter wheelbase New Yorker The reintroduction of the Imperial was two years after the Lincoln Continental was changed to a front wheel drive sedan with a V6 engine Other domestic competitors in this segment included the Cadillac Sedan de Ville Fleetwood Oldsmobile 98 and Buick Electra Park Avenue Though closely related the Imperial differed from the New Yorker Fifth Avenue in many ways The Imperial s nose was more wedge shaped while the New Yorker Fifth Avenue s had a sharper more angular profile the New Yorker Fifth Avenue was later restyled with a more rounded front end The rears of the two cars also differed Like the front the New Yorker Fifth Avenue s rear came to stiffer angles while the Imperial s rear end came to more rounded edges Also found on the Imperial were full width taillights which were similar to those of the Chrysler TC as well as the early 1980s Imperial coupe while the New Yorker Fifth Avenue came with smaller vertical taillights Initially the 1990 Imperial was powered by the 147 hp 110 kW 3 3L EGA V6 engine which was rated at 185 lb ft 251 N m of torque For 1991 the 3 3L V6 was replaced by the larger 3 8L EGH V6 142 Although horsepower only increased to 150 hp 112 kW with the new larger 3 8L V6 torque increased to 215 lb ft 292 N m at 2750 rpm A four speed automatic transmission was standard with both engines Also new for 1990 was a redesigned LeBaron sedan which offered a standard V6 engine Later models would also be available with 4 cylinder engines The Town amp Country minivan was restyled for 1991 in conjunction with the restyling of the Dodge and Plymouth minivan models 1991 would also be the last year for the TC by Maserati leaving the LeBaron as the brand s sole coupe and convertible options First generation featured full width taillamp design The first generation of the Chrysler Concorde debuted at the 1992 North American International Auto Show in Detroit as a 1993 model It debuted as a single well equipped model with a base price of US 18 341 143 Out of all the LH sedans the first generation Concorde was most closely related to the Eagle Vision The Concorde was given a more traditional image than the Vision The two shared nearly all sheet metal in common with the main differences limited to their grilles rear fascias bodyside moldings and wheel choices The Concorde featured a modern take on Chrysler s signature waterfall grille It was split into six sections divided by body colored strips with the Chrysler Pentastar logo on the center strip The Concorde s rear fascia was highlighted by a full width and full height lightbar between the taillights giving the appearance that the taillights stretched across the entire trunk In keeping with its upscale position Concorde s body side moldings incorporated bright chrome later golden colored work not found on its Dodge or Eagle siblings On Concordes with gray lower body paint color the gray came all the way up to the chrome beltline on Visions the gray lower body paint area was smaller and much more subtle Wheel styles which included available aluminum wheels with a Spiralcast design were also unique to the Chrysler LH sedans Concorde LHS New Yorker Dodge and Eagle had their own different wheel styles Introduced in May 1993 for the 1994 model year the Chrysler LHS was the top of the line model for the division as well as the most expensive of the Chrysler LH platform cars 144 All the LH series models shared a 113 0 inch 2 870 mm wheelbase and were developed using Chrysler s new computer drafting system 145 The car was differentiated from the division s New Yorker sedan by its bucket leather seats the New Yorker had a bench seat and standard features such as alloy wheels that were options on the New Yorker 146 Further differences between the Chrysler LHS and its New Yorker counterpart were a floor console and shifter five passenger seating lack of chrome trim an upgraded interior and a sportier image The New Yorker was dropped after the 1996 model year in favor of a six passenger option on the LHS The LHS received a minor face change in 1995 when the corporate wide Pentastar emblem was replaced with the revived Chrysler brand emblem Standard features of the LHS included a 3 5L EGE 24 valve 214 hp 160 kW 217 PS V6 engine body colored grille side mirrors and trim traction control aluminum wheels integrated fog lights 8 way power adjustable front seats premium sound systems with amplifiers and automatic temperature control Unlike the New Yorker leather seats were standard 1994 1996 Chrysler New Yorker The final generation of the New Yorker continued with front wheel drive on an elongated version of the new Chrysler LH platform and was released in May 1993 along with the nearly identical Chrysler LHS as an early 1994 model eight months after the original LH cars the Chrysler Concorde Dodge Intrepid and Eagle Vision were introduced The New Yorker came standard with the 3 5L EGE which produced 214 hp 160 kW Chrysler gave the New Yorker a more traditional American luxury image and the LHS a more European performance image as was done with the Eagle Vision Little separated New Yorker from LHS in appearance with New Yorker s chrome hood trim body color cladding standard chrome wheel covers and 15 inch wheels column shifter and front bench seat being the only noticeable differences An option provided for 16 inch wheels and a firmer suspension type touring suspension This option eliminated the technical differences between New Yorker and LHS LHS came with almost all of New Yorker s optional features as standard equipment and featured the firmer tuned suspension to go with its more European image During the 1994 model run various changes were made to the New Yorker On the outside New Yorker was switched to new accent color body cladding whereas LHS received body color cladding This change aligned New Yorker with the Chrysler Concorde which also had accent color cladding Instead of standard 15 inch and optional 16 inch wheels for the sake of enhanced stability 16 inch wheels became standard and the 15 inch versions were dropped Likewise the touring suspension option available on early 1994 New Yorker models was discontinued leaving only ride tuned suspension In 1995 the Chrysler Sebring was introduced as a coupe replacing the LeBaron coupe and the new JA platform Chrysler Cirrus replaced the outgoing LeBaron sedan A year later a convertible version of the Sebring went on the market and replaced the LeBaron convertible In 1999 Chrysler introduced the new LH platform 300M sedan alongside a redesigned LHS The 300M was originally designed to be the next generation Eagle Vision but since the Eagle brand had been discontinued in 1998 it instead became a Chrysler sedan 2000s Edit In 2000 the Voyager and Grand Voyager minivans were repositioned as Chrysler models due to the phasing out of the Plymouth brand In 2001 a sedan was added to the Sebring model line and served as a replacement for the discontinued Cirrus That same year the Chrysler brand added a retro styled PT Cruiser as well as the Prowler roadster which had previously been a Plymouth model By 2004 all Chrysler brand minivans were now sold under the Town amp Country nameplate The 2000s also saw the Chrysler brand move into the fast growing crossover SUV segment with the introduction of the Chrysler Pacifica crossover in 2004 and the Chrysler Aspen SUV in 2007 The Pacifica would be discontinued in 2008 the nameplate would return on a new minivan model in 2017 and the Aspen would be discontinued in 2009 Between 2004 and 2008 Chrysler offered a two seat coupe and convertible model called Crossfire This was in addition to Chrysler s five seat Sebring coupe through 2005 and four seat convertible being sold at the time In 2005 Chrysler introduced the LX platform Chrysler 300 sedan which replaced both the 300M and Concorde It was the brand s first rear wheel drive sedan since the discontinuation of the Chrysler Fifth Avenue in 1989 It was also the first time a Chrysler sedan was available with a V8 engine since 1989 2010s Edit Following FCA s acquisition of Chrysler FCA set a long term goal of reviving the Chrysler brand as a full luxury brand to compete again with Cadillac and other luxury brands 147 The company announced in October 2009 that future plans for Chrysler brand vehicles include closer cooperation and shared development between Chrysler and Lancia an upscale Italian automaker within the Fiat Group 148 In 2011 the brand s winged emblem was modified eliminating the historic blue ribbon center which dated from the 1930s replacing it with a blue backed Chrysler nameplate Also that year the Chrysler 300 was restyled and the Sebring was rebranded as the Chrysler 200 In May 2014 FCA announced it would make the brand a mainstream brand with premium features 149 A redesigned Chrysler 200 was introduced for 2015 as a sedan only but would be discontinued in 2017 as FCA shifted focus more towards SUVs and minivans For 2017 the Chrysler Pacifica nameplate returned on a new minivan replacing the long running Town amp Country In 2010 Fiat Auto was planning to sell seven of its vehicles in the U S by 2014 while Fiat controlled Chrysler Group was to supply nine models to sell under Fiat brands in the European market according to a five year plan rolled out on April 21 2010 in Turin Italy by Fiat and Chrysler CEO Sergio Marchionne At least five of the Fiat Auto models were expected to be marketed in the U S under its Alfa Romeo brand Showing the level of integration envisioned a product introduction timeline envisaged Chrysler built compact and full size SUVs going on sale in 2012 and 2014 respectively in both European and North American markets 150 During this time Chrysler s quality and customer satisfaction ratings had been below average according to Consumer Reports and J D Power since the late 1990s 151 Chrysler did have a few quality successes during this period Strategic Vision named Chrysler an overall winner in 2015 for strong customer appeal and with the rise in quality of all cars the difference between high and low problem counting ratings are relatively small 152 2020s Edit The low end L and LX models were separated from the Pacifica line and sold under the Voyager nameplate starting with the 2020 model year Additionally a fleet only Voyager LXi version was added The brand s current lineup consists of the Chrysler 300 Chrysler Pacifica and Chrysler Voyager 153 Environmental initiatives EditChrysler produced an experimental electric vehicle in 1979 the company developed Chrysler ETV 1 electric prototype in cooperation with U S Department of Energy In 1992 Chrysler developed the Dodge EPIC concept minivan In 1993 Chrysler began to sell a limited production electric minivan called the TEVan however only 56 were produced In 1997 a second generation called the EPIC was released It was discontinued after 1999 154 Chrysler once owned the Global Electric Motorcars company building low speed neighborhood electric vehicles but sold GEM to Polaris Industries in 2011 In September 2007 Chrysler established ENVI an in house organization focused on electric drive vehicles and related technologies which was disbanded by late 2009 155 In August 2009 Chrysler took US 70 million in grants from the U S Department of Energy to develop a test fleet of 220 hybrid pickup trucks and minivans The first hybrid models the Chrysler Aspen hybrid and the Dodge Durango hybrid were discontinued a few months after production in 2008 156 sharing their GM designed hybrid technology with GM Daimler and BMW 157 Chrysler is on the Advisory Council of the PHEV Research Center and undertook a government sponsored demonstration project with Ram and minivan vehicles 158 In 2012 FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne said that Chrysler and Fiat both plan to focus primarily on alternative fuels such as CNG and Diesel instead of hybrid and electric drivetrains for their consumer products 159 Fiat Chrysler bought a total of 8 2 million megagrams of U S greenhouse gas emission credits from competitors including Toyota Honda Tesla and Nissan for the 2010 2011 2013 and 2014 model years 160 It had the worst fleet average fuel economy among major manufacturers selling in the US from model years 2012 2021 161 Chrysler Defense EditSee also General Dynamics Land Systems The dedicated tank building division of Chrysler this division was founded as the Chrysler Tank division in 1940 originally with the intention of providing another production line for the M2 Medium Tank so that the U S Army could more rapidly build up its inventory of the type Its first plant was the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant When the M2A1 was unexpectedly declared obsolete in August of the same year plans were altered though not without considerable difficulty to produce the M3 Grant instead primarily for the British as part of the United States under the counter support for Great Britain against Nazi Germany the U S not yet being formally in the war with the balance of the revised order going to the U S Army as the Lee After December 1941 and the United States entry into the war against the Axis powers the Tank division rapidly expanded with new facilities such as the Tank Arsenal Proving Ground at then Utica Michigan It also quickly widened the range of products it was developing and producing including the M4 Sherman tank and the Chrysler A57 multibank tank engine Special programs EditDuring World War II essentially all of Chrysler s facilities were devoted to building military vehicles the Jeep brand came later after Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation 162 They were also designing V12 and V16 hemi engines producing 2 500 hp 1 864 kW 2 535 PS for airplanes but they did not make it into production as jets were developed and were seen as the future for air travel 163 During the 1950s Cold War period Chrysler made air raid sirens powered by its Hemi V 8 engines Radar antennas Edit When the Radiation Laboratory at MIT was established in 1941 to develop microwave radars one of the first projects resulted in the SCR 584 the most widely recognized radar system of the war era This system included a parabolic antenna six feet in diameter that was mechanically aimed in a helical pattern round and round as well as up and down One of Chrysler s most significant contributions to the war effort was in radar technology For the final production design of this antenna and its highly complex drive mechanism the Army s Signal Corps Laboratories turned to Chrysler s Central Engineering Office There the parabola was changed from aluminum to steel allowing production to form using standard automotive presses To keep weight down 6 000 equally spaced holes were drilled in the face this had no effect on the radiation pattern The drive mechanism was completely redesigned using technology derived from Chrysler s research in automotive gears and differentials The changes resulted in improved performance reduced weight and easier maintenance A large portion of the Dodge plant was used in building 1 500 of the SCR 584 antennas as well as the vans used in the systems 164 165 Aircraft Edit Chrysler VZ 6Missiles Edit In April 1950 the U S Army established the Ordnance Guided Missile Center OGMC at Redstone Arsenal adjacent to Huntsville Alabama To form OGMC over 1 000 civilian and military personnel were transferred from Fort Bliss Texas Included was a group of German scientists and engineers led by Wernher von Braun this group had been brought to America under Project Paperclip OGMC designed the Army s first short range ballistic missile the PGM 11 Redstone based on the WWII German V 2 missile Chrysler established the Missile Division to serve as the Redstone prime contractor setting up an engineering operation in Huntsville and for production obtaining use from the U S Navy of a large plant in Sterling Heights Michigan The Redstone was in active service from 1958 until 1964 it was also the first missile to test launch a live nuclear weapon first detonated in a 1958 test in the South Pacific 166 Working together the Missile Division and von Braun s team greatly increased the capability of the Redstone resulting in the PGM 19 Jupiter a medium range ballistic missile In May 1959 a Jupiter missile launched two small monkeys into space in a nose cone this was America s first successful flight and recovery of live space payloads Responsibility for deploying Jupiter missiles was transferred from the Army to the Air Force armed with nuclear warheads they were first deployed in Italy and Turkey during the early 1960s 167 Space boosters Edit In July 1959 NASA chose the Redstone missile as the basis for the Mercury Redstone Launch Vehicle to be used for suborbital test flights of the Project Mercury spacecraft Three uncrewed MRLV launch attempts were made between November 1960 and March 1961 two of which were successful The MRLV successfully launched the chimpanzee Ham and astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom on three suborbital flights in January May and July 1961 respectively America s more ambitious crewed space travel plans included the design of the Saturn series of heavy lift launch vehicles by a team headed by Wernher von Braun Chrysler s Huntsville operation then designated the Space Division became Marshall Space Flight Center s prime contractor for the first stage of the Saturn I and Saturn IB versions The design was based on a cluster of Redstone and Jupiter fuel tanks and Chrysler built it for the Apollo program in the Michoud Assembly Facility in East New Orleans one of the largest manufacturing plants in the world Between October 1961 and July 1975 NASA used ten Saturn Is and nine Saturn IBs for suborbital and orbital flights all of which were successful 168 Chrysler missiles and boosters never suffered a launch failure citation needed The division was also a subcontractor which modified one of the mobile launcher platforms for use with the Saturn IB rockets using Saturn V infrastructure See also Edit Michigan portal Companies portal Cars portalCarl Breer Chrysler Building Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center Chrysler Hemi engine Chrysler Proving Grounds Frederick Morrell Zeder History of Chrysler Lee Iacocca List of automobile manufacturers of the United States List of Chrysler engines List of Chrysler factories List of Chrysler platforms List of Chrysler vehicles Mopar Owen Ray Skelton Virginia Sink Seida The Three Musketeers Studebaker engineers Walter P Chrysler Museum Maxwell Chalmers Automobiles United States Motor Company American Motors Corporation Countries Edit Chrysler Australia Chrysler Fevre Argentina sold to Volkswagen in 1980 169 FCA Canada Chrysler Kamyon Turkey sold to the ASKAM in 2003 References Edit 2014 Annual Report Securities and Exchange Commission March 4 2015 Williams Corey August 17 2021 Automaker FCA US admits paying off union leaders fined 30M The Associated Press Retrieved January 25 2022 FCA US Reports Fourth quarter and Full year 2021 Sales Results Press release January 4 2022 FCA US LLC is a North American automaker based in Auburn Hills Michigan FCA US LLC is a subsidiary of Stellantis N V Genat Robert 2004 Mopar Muscle Motorbooks p 18 ISBN 9780760320167 Retrieved March 18 2016 Jefferys Steve 1986 Management and Managed Fifty Years of Crisis at Chrysler Cambridge University Press pp 107 ISBN 0521304415 OCLC 13004251 1955 Prudential Chrysler New York Times 1954 a b Fiat completes Chrysler acquisition in 4 35 billion deal autonews com January 21 2014 Retrieved April 1 2014 Chrysler Group LLC is 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United States Environmental Protection Agency December 12 2022 p 12 Retrieved December 12 2022 Breer Carl Yanik Anthony J 1992 The Birth of Chrysler Corporation and Its Engineering Legacy SAE International p 192 ISBN 978 1 56091 524 9 Retrieved April 28 2012 The Original Chrysler Hemi Engine Allpar com Retrieved April 28 2012 Stout Wesley W 1946 The Great Detective Chrysler Corporation Colton Roger B 1947 Radar in the United States Army vol 33 Proceedings of the I R E pp 740 753 archived from the original on June 25 2012 retrieved April 28 2012 Bullard John W History Of The Redstone Missile System Historical Monograph Project Number AMC 23 M Historical Division Army Missile Command Fact Sheet Chrysler SM 78 PGM 19 Jupiter National Museum of the U S Air Force May 14 2009 Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 1 2014 Bilstein Roger E 1980 Stages to Saturn A Technological History of the Apollo Saturn Launch Vehicles NASA SP 4206 ISBN 0 16 048909 1 Retrieved March 18 2016 Freund Klaus ed August 1980 Auto Katalog 1981 in German Vol 24 Stuttgart Motor Presse p 52 Further reading EditAdler Dennis 2000 Chrysler MBI Publishers ISBN 0 7603 0695 8 Retrieved November 7 2012 Breer Carl Anthony J Yanik 1994 The birth of Chrysler Corporation and its engineering legacy Society of Automotive Engineers ISBN 1560915242 Retrieved November 7 2012 Curcio Vincent 2001 Chrysler The Life and Times of an Automotive Genius Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 507896 9 Retrieved November 7 2012 Goolsbee Austan D and Alan B Krueger A retrospective look at rescuing and restructuring General Motors and Chrysler Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 2 2015 3 24 online Yanik Anthony J 2009 Maxwell Motor and the Making of the Chrysler Corporation Wayne State University Press ISBN 978 0 8143 3423 2 Retrieved June 3 2014 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chrysler Official website Chrysler Scientific Labs and Test Services Chrysler SEC Filings Archived May 16 2013 at the Wayback Machine Historic American Engineering Record HAER documentation filed under 12200 East Jefferson Avenue Detroit Wayne County MI HAER No MI 24 Chrysler Corporation 17 data pages HAER No MI 24 A Chrysler Corporation Manufacturing Plant 24 data pages HAER No MI 24 B Chrysler Corporation Office amp Display Building 12 data pages Chrysler Once Upon A Time and Now Detroit Public Television The Walter J Brown Media Archives amp Peabody Awards Collection at the University of Georgia American Archive of Public Broadcasting Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chrysler amp oldid 1134014771, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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