Fiat Chrysler Australia
Fiat Chrysler Australia, officially FCA Australia, is the official Stellantis subsidiary in that country, operating as distributor of Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, Abarth, Alfa Romeo and Fiat vehicles. However, there had previously been a "Chrysler Australia Ltd" which had operated as a vehicle manufacturer in Australia from 1951 until 1980, and was subsequently taken over by Mitsubishi Motors Australia.
| Type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Automotive |
| Predecessor | Chrysler Australia Ltd |
| Founded | 1951 |
| Headquarters | Port Melbourne, |
| Products | Automobiles |
| Parent | Stellantis |
| Website | fiatchrysler.com.au |
Establishment Edit
Chrysler Australia Ltd was established in June 1951[1] when the Chrysler Corporation acquired Chrysler Dodge Distributors (Holdings) Pty Ltd,[2] a company which had been formed in 1935 by 18 independent distributors.[1]
During the 1950s and 1960s, Chrysler made a substantial investment in Australian manufacturing facilities. It consolidated assembly from other state capitals to its expanding operations in Adelaide. Vehicle production for Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales was in Adelaide from 1953 and Perth and Brisbane assembly ceased in 1954.[3] The company had several facilities at Finsbury in Adelaide's northwest. The trim shop (car seats and interiors) and steel pressings (chassis components) produced components which were sent to Keswick for assembly. Chrysler also had an aircraft division which manufactured components for Canberra bombers, Jindivik drones and Winjeel trainers.[4] Chrysler recruited both local men and young single men from interstate to staff the growth.[5]
Initially, Chrysler Australia assembled North American Chrysler passenger cars and trucks. Its most popular car in the 1950s was the US sourced badge engineered trio: Plymouth Cranbrook, Dodge Kingsway and De Soto Diplomat, each based on the 1954 US Plymouth.[6] A coupe utility variant was also developed by Chrysler Australia and this was marketed in nine different versions; the Plymouth Cranbrook, Savoy & Belvedere, the Dodge Kingsway Custom, Kingsway Crusader & Kingsway Coronet and the De Soto Diplomat Custom, Diplomat Regent & Diplomat Plaza.[7] The Plymouth sedan was a popular choice for taxicab usage however the rise in popularity of the Holden during this decade led to the decline of this range of cars.
In 1957, Chrysler Australia consolidated each of the badge-engineered marques in one car—the Chrysler Royal. This was a facelifted version of the 1954 Plymouth that continued in production until 1963.[6] The Royal was an automotive curiosity. Starting life as a side-valve 6-cylinder manual, with 3-speed manual column gearchange, it was progressively modified, with the addition of US sourced engineering features such as power steering, the push button "Powerflite" automatic transmission and an OHV V8. On the styling front US "Forward Look" style tailfins were grafted on the rear of the car, while the front end gained dual (vertically stacked) headlights. These changes failed to arrest the slide in sales, as General Motors-Holden came to dominate the Australian market, and the Royal was viewed as being outmoded and expensive. Production ceased in 1963.
The saving grace for Chrysler at this time was the French Simca Aronde—a popular 4-cylinder compact car which Chrysler Australia assembled from CKD kits at their Forestville factory. Local engineers developed an Aronde station wagon unique to Australia, with a then-novel wind-down rear window and tailgate. (Chrysler USA had acquired an interest in Simca in 1958, the basis for sourcing of this car). The assembly and marketing of Simca Aronde and Vedette models by Chrysler Australia was announced on 1 July 1959.[8]
In both 1958[9] and 1959 Chrysler Australia released Plymouth Belvedere, Dodge Custom Royal and DeSoto Firesweep models which were imported from the US in CKD form and assembled at Chrysler's Adelaide facilities.[10] The Plymouth was fitted with a 318-cubic-inch V8 engine and the Dodge and de Soto models featured a 361-cubic-inch V8.[10] Assembly of the three models was discontinued in 1960 and they were replaced by a single model, the Dodge Phoenix,[11] which was produced by Chrysler Australia through to 1973.[12]
In 1964[13] Chrysler opened its Tonsley Park assembly plant[14] located in the Adelaide suburb of Clovelly Park. An engine manufacturing plant was opened at Lonsdale in November 1967.[15] These new factories replaced facilities at Keswick, Mile End and Finsbury.[16] During this time, Chrysler Australia established its position as the third of the "Big 3" Australian motor manufacturers behind General Motors-Holden and Ford Australia.
Valiant years Edit
1960s Edit
Beginning in 1962, Chrysler Australia assembled the American Plymouth Valiant, marketed as the Valiant by Chrysler.[17] By 1963, they had developed a local version, the AP5 Valiant, with distinctive styling giving the car a separate identity from the US Plymouth and Dodge variants. The reason for developing different styling was concern that the local manufacturer could not afford to make substantial styling changes as quickly as in the US. Hence, a modified appearance would minimise the risk of accusations that Australia was selling "last year's model".
Through the 1960s, Chrysler expanded the Valiant range, with 2-door hardtop, long wheelbase (VIP) and sporty (Pacer) variants.
Also, in 1966, with the Chrysler USA acquisition of the British Rootes Group, Chrysler Australia took over the Rootes Australia as well as the operation of their Port Melbourne factory. The principal Rootes model sold in Australia was the Hillman Hunter and this car became a steady seller for Chrysler until 1973.
1970s Edit
In 1970, they introduced the unique-to-Australia "Hemi" 6-cylinder engine—launched with an endorsement from Stirling Moss. Billed as being "Right—for all the right reasons", this engine went on to become the most powerful 6-cylinder engine produced in Australia (equipped with triple Weber carburettors). Though this engine was based on a US engine design for trucks, it was never produced in North America.
The Valiant was a good seller, but never quite gained the level of market acceptance as its major competitors—the Holden and the Falcon.
In 1971, Chrysler Australia released the Valiant VH model (still based on the US A-Body platform), it was significantly wider than earlier Valiants, with the lineup including the memorable Valiant Charger. This was a short-wheelbase (105-inch) two-door hardtop version of the standard Valiant. The car had distinctive sporty styling, including an integrated rear spoiler.
The base model Charger was A$2750, and the range extended upwards with high-performance and luxury models.
Charger won the "Wheels" magazine Car of the Year award in 1971. It was also a winner in the sales stakes, capturing the imagination of the Australian public in the same way as the Ford Mustang did in the US and the Ford Capri did in the UK.
By the mid-1970s, sales of the Valiant range stalled, as a combination of factors worked against Chrysler Australia:
- The Oil Crisis led to the rise of smaller economical 4-cylinder cars;
- Japanese competitors made significant inroads into the Australian marketplace, and 4-cylinder cars were their forte;
- Valiant was increasingly perceived as being outmoded—notwithstanding a major facelift in 1971 (billed as an "all-new" model) with a new body surrounding the existing mechanicals—the styling rapidly dated compared with other new cars, and the body was only lightly facelifted in 1973 and 1975. A significant facelift in 1976 arrested the slide in sales, and the Valiant continued to sell steadily until 1981.
In 1975, Chrysler introduced the Centura with a choice of a 2-litre (4-cylinder) and 3.5-litre or 4-litre (6-cylinder) engines, and two equipment levels, XL and GL. This was a medium-sized competitor for the Holden Torana and the Ford Cortina.
The 'KB' Centura was based on the European Chrysler 180 (which had been introduced in Europe in 1970), with facelifted front and rear styling (reputedly based on the intended design for a Sunbeam version of this car, which never reached production).
The launch of the Centura was delayed by several years as a result of embargoes placed on French imports, due to France conducting Pacific nuclear bomb tests, which impeded the supply of parts.
By the time the car arrived in Australia, its appearance was dated and, as a result, the Centura did not generate significant market interest. A mild 'KC' Centura update in GL and GLX variants combined with a simplified choice of two versions of the 4-litre engine arrived in 1977, but the car then quietly disappeared from the market by the end of 1978.
Relationship with Mitsubishi Motors Australia Edit
Chrysler Australia's parent company began working closely with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation after they acquired a 15 percent interest in the company in 1971, with the result that Chrysler Australia began building the Mitsubishi-designed Chrysler Valiant Galant. The association with Mitsubishi also gave Chrysler Australia another winner—the 1977 Chrysler Sigma. With a range of 4-cylinder "Silent Shaft" engines, competitive pricing, "Japanese" style and the availability of a luxurious "SE" version, with optional leather trim (an innovative sales approach in its era), the Sigma marked Chrysler's sales comeback. Sigma soon became market leader in its class.
In 1979 Mitsubishi Motors Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation each acquired a one sixth equity in Chrysler Australia and in April 1980 the two companies purchased the remaining shares in the company from the US Chrysler Corporation,[18] which was in bailout negotiations with the US government. The company name was changed to Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited on 1 October 1980.[18] Mitsubishi continued to build the Valiant models with Chrysler badging until August 1981[19] and production of the Sigma range continued under the Mitsubishi name until 1987. Colt, Magna, Verada and 380 models were subsequently produced before production of passenger vehicles was discontinued in March 2008.[20] The company continues to operate today as one of Australia's major importers of road vehicles.
Chrysler return to Australian market Edit
Chrysler returned to Australia in 1994, initially imported the Jeep Cherokee, then expanding the range to include the Chrysler Neon (discontinued in 2002) Grand Cherokee, Jeep Commander, PT Cruiser, Crossfire, 300C, Voyager and Dodge Caliber. Initially, the attraction of the Jeep range was "value for money" although the first cars became known for poor quality of construction.
In the 2000s, a range of vehicles was imported from the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Austria. The Chrysler 300C found a successful niche as an alternative to Australian prestige cars—generally extended-wheelbase versions of traditional Australian family cars—the Holden Statesman/Caprice and Ford Fairlane/LTD.
In 2012, Chrysler Australia took over the distribution responsibilities for Alfa Romeo, Fiat and Fiat Commercial.[21]
In 2013, the RAM brand of trucks was introduced to the Australian market, converted locally by ASV, at the Holden Special Vehicles facility in Clayton, Victoria.
The Chrysler marque was withdrawn from the Australian market on 19 November 2021 as its only model, the Chrysler 300 has been discontinued.[22]
References Edit
- ^ a b The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, page 86
- ^ Max Gregory, King of the Road, TJ Richards, Coachbuilder, Restored Cars Number 202, Sept-Oct 2010, pages 10 to 15
- ^ "Expansion at Keswick Car Plant". The Chronicle. Vol. 96, no. 5, 447. Adelaide. 13 May 1954. p. 12. Retrieved 22 August 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "AUTO AND BOMBER CRAFTSMEN". News. Vol. 62, no. 9, 564. South Australia. 6 April 1954. p. 28. Retrieved 22 August 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "CHRYSLER TAKES ON MORE MEN". The Mail. Vol. 43, no. 2, 183. Adelaide. 10 April 1954. p. 5. Retrieved 22 August 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b The Australian Chrysler Royal, Plainsman, and Wayfarer Retrieved from allpar.com on 18 September 2008
- ^ Plymouth, Dodge & De Soto Coupe Utilities Retrieved from www.roadkillontheweb.com on 18 September 2008
- ^ Now it's Chrysler-Simca, Australian Motor Sports, July 1959, page 271
- ^ Gavin Farmer, Great Ideas in Motion, 2010, page 74
- ^ a b News Review, Three Chryslers, Australian Motor Sports, August 1959, Page 314
- ^ Gavin Farmer, Great Ideas in Motion, 2010, page 77
- ^ The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, pages 120-121
- ^ New Plant Built in Record Time, The Advertiser, Friday, 2 October 1964, page 26
- ^ "Chrysler To Double Plans". The Canberra Times. Vol. 38, no. 10, 814. 6 April 1964. p. 3. Retrieved 22 August 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Gavin Farmer, Great Ideas in Motion, A History of Chrysler in Australia 1946–1981, pages 359 to 361
- ^ "Major strike at Chrysler. plant". Tribune. No. 1347. New South Wales, Australia. 18 March 1964. p. 10. Retrieved 22 August 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ 1962 Valiant by Chrysler sales brochure Retrieved on 5 September 2010
- ^ a b The Macquary Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, page 310
- ^ Tony Davis, Aussie Cars, 1987, page 155
- ^ Mitsubishi Motors Australia Media release announcing closure of factory
- ^ Tim Beissmann, Chrysler Australia takes over Alfa Romeo, Fiat distribution, caradvice.com.au Retrieved on 6 October 2012
- ^ McCowen, David (19 November 2021). "Classic car brand dumped in Australia". News.com.au.
Further reading Edit
- David Brimble; "Chryslers Before The Chrysler Royal, A look at Dodge Plymouth De Soto manufactured in Australia between 1953 and 1957", Restored Cars magazine, No 87, July/August 1991, pp. 14–15
External links Edit
- Official website
- DaimlerChrysler Australia Pacific (in English)
- Historic images of Chrysler Australia's facilities at Finsbury, Mile End, Forestville, Lonsdale & Tonsley Park