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Catnip

February 16, 2024

For other uses, see Catnip (disambiguation).

Nepeta cataria, commonly known as catnip, catswort, catwort, and catmint, is a species of the genus Nepeta in the family Lamiaceae, native to southern and eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of China. It is widely naturalized in northern Europe, New Zealand, and North America.[1][2][3][4][5] The common name catmint can also refer to the genus as a whole.

Catnip
Catnip flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Nepeta
Species:
N. cataria
Binomial name
Nepeta cataria

The names catnip and catmint are derived from the intense attraction about two-thirds of cats have toward it (alternatives exist, such as valerian root and leaves).[6][7] Catnip is also an ingredient in some herbal teas (or tisanes), and is valued for its sedative and relaxant properties.[8]

Description edit

Nepeta cataria is a short-lived perennial, herbaceous plant that grows to be 50–100 cm (20–40 in) tall and wide, and that blooms from late spring to autumn. In appearance, N. cataria resembles a typical member of the mint family of plants, featuring brown-green foliage with the characteristic square stem of the plant family Lamiaceae.[9] The coarse-toothed leaves are triangular to elliptical in shape.[10] The small, bilabiate flowers of N. cataria are fragrant and are either pink in colour or white with fine spots of pale purple.[10]

Taxonomy edit

Nepeta cataria was one of the many species described by Linnaeus in 1753 in his landmark work Species Plantarum.[11] He had previously described it in 1738 as Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatis pedunculatis (meaning 'Nepeta with flowers in a stalked, interrupted spike'), before the commencement of Linnaean taxonomy.[12]

Uses edit

 
 

The plant terpenoid nepetalactone is the main chemical constituent of the essential oil of Nepeta cataria. Nepetalactone can be extracted from catnip by steam distillation.[13]

Cultivation edit

Nepeta cataria is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in gardens. It is also grown for its attractant qualities to house cats and butterflies.[10]

The plant is drought-tolerant and deer-resistant. It can be a repellent for certain insects, including aphids and squash bugs.[10] Catnip is best grown in full sunlight and grows as a loosely branching, low perennial.[14]

Varieties include Nepeta cataria var. citriodora (or N. cataria subsp. citriodora), or "lemon catnip",[15] named after its lemon-scented leaves.[16]

Biological control edit

The iridoid that is deposited on cats who have rubbed themselves against the plants and scratched the surfaces of catnip and silver vine (Actinidia polygama) leaves repels mosquitoes.[17] The compound iridodial, an iridoid extracted from catnip oil, has been found to attract lacewings that eat aphids and mites.[18]

As an insect repellent edit

Nepetalactone is a mosquito and fly repellent.[19][20] Oil isolated from catnip by steam distillation is a repellent against insects, in particular mosquitoes, cockroaches, and termites.[21][22] Research suggests that, while a more effective spatial repellant than DEET,[23] when compared with SS220 or DEET, it is not so effective as a repellent as it is when used on the skin of humans.[24]

Effect of ingestion on humans edit

Catnip has a history of use in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments such as stomach cramps, indigestion, fevers, hives, and nervous conditions.[25] The plant has been consumed as a tisane, juice, tincture, infusion, or poultice, and has also been smoked.[25] However, its medicinal use has fallen out of favor with the development of modern medicine.[25]

Effect on felines edit

See also: Cat pheromone § Cat attractants
 
Effects of catnip on most domestic cats include rolling, pawing, and frisking. For cats not biologically affected by catnip, other plants which may trigger a response include valerian root and leaves, silver vine, and Tatarian honeysuckle wood.

Catnip contains the feline attractant nepetalactone. N. cataria (and some other species within the genus Nepeta) are known for their behavioral effects on the cat family, not only on domestic cats, but also other species.[25] Several tests showed that leopards, cougars, servals, and lynxes often reacted strongly to catnip in a manner similar to domestic cats. Lions and tigers may react strongly as well, but they do not react consistently in the same fashion.[26][27][28][29]

With domestic cats, N. cataria is used as a recreational substance for the enjoyment of pet cats, and catnip and catnip-laced products designed for use with domesticated cats are available to consumers. Common behaviors cats display when they sense the bruised leaves or stems of catnip are rubbing on the plant, rolling on the ground, pawing at it, licking it, and chewing it. Consuming much of the plant is followed by drooling, sleepiness, anxiety, leaping about, and purring.[30] Some growl, meow, scratch, or bite at the hand holding it.[31][32] The main response period after exposure is generally between 5 and 15 minutes, after which olfactory fatigue usually sets in;[33]: p.107  However, about one-third of cats are not affected by catnip.[6][7][25][34] The behavior is hereditary.[35]

Cats detect nepetalactone through their olfactory epithelium, not through their vomeronasal organ.[36] At the olfactory epithelium, the nepetalactone binds to one or more olfactory receptors.

A 1962 pedigree analysis of 26 cats in a Siamese breeding colony suggested that the catnip response was caused by a Mendelian-dominant gene. A 2011 pedigree analysis of 210 cats in two breeding colonies (taking into account measurement error by repeated testing) showed no evidence for Mendelian patterns of inheritance but demonstrated heritabilities of h2 = 0.51–0.89 for catnip response behavior, indicating a polygenic liability threshold model.[25][37][38]

A study published in January 2021 suggests that felines are specifically attracted to the iridoids nepetalactone and nepetalactol, present in catnip and silver vine, respectively.[39]

Felines not affected by catnip edit

Cats younger than six months might not exhibit behavioral change to catnip.[40] Up to a third of cats are genetically immune to catnip effects but may respond to and enjoy catnip alternatives such as valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root and leaves; silver vine or matatabi (Actinidia polygama), popular in Asia; and Tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) wood.[6][7]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Nepeta cataria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  2. ^ World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
  3. ^ Flora of China Vol. 17 p. 107 荆芥属 jing jie shu Nepeta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 570. 1753.
  4. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Nepeta includes photos plus range maps for Europe and North America
  5. ^ Wilson, Julia. . Cat-World.com.au. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Bol, Sebastiaan (16 March 2017). "Responsiveness of cats (Felidae) to silver vine (Actinidia polygama), Tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and catnip (Nepeta cataria)". BMC Veterinary Research. 13 (1): 70. doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0987-6. PMC 5356310. PMID 28302120.
  7. ^ a b c . Cat-World.com.au. Cat World. 2014. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  8. ^ Grognet, Jeff (1990). "Catnip: Its uses and effects, past and present". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 31 (6): 455–456. PMC 1480656. PMID 17423611.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d Missouri Botanical Garden: Nepeta cataria (Catmint) . Retrieved 1 October 2013
  11. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1753). "Tomus II". Species Plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 2. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 570.
  12. ^ Spencer, Roger; Cross, Rob; Lumley, Peter (2007). "Latin names, the binomial system and plant classification". Plant Names: a Guide to Botanical Nomenclature (3rd ed.). CSIRO Publishing. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9780643099456.
  13. ^ . Instructables. 3 June 2007. Archived from the original on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  15. ^ Keville, Kathi (2016). The Aromatherapy Garden: Growing Fragrant Plants for Happiness and Well-Being (illustrated ed.). Timber Press. p. 133. ISBN 9781604695496.
  16. ^ "Nepeta cataria var. citriodora | lemon catmint Herbaceous Perennial". RHS Gardening.
  17. ^ Uenoyama, Reiko; Miyazaki, Tamako; Adachi, Masaatsu; Nishikawa, Toshio; Hurst, Jane L.; Miyazaki, Masao (14 June 2022). "Domestic cat damage to plant leaves containing iridoids enhances chemical repellency to pests". iScience. 25 (7). Bibcode:2022iSci...25j4455U. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104455. PMC 9308154. PMID 35880027.
  18. ^ Bliss, Rosalie Marion (May–June 2007). "A Natural Insect Attractant from Catnip". Agricultural Research. US Government Printing Office. 55 (5): 7. ISSN 0002-161X – via EBSCO.
  19. ^ Kingsley, Danny (3 September 2001). "Catnip sends mozzies flying". ABC Science Online. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
  20. ^ Junwei J. Zhu, Christopher A. Dunlap, Robert W. Behle, Dennis R. Berkebile, Brian Wienhold. (2010). Repellency of a wax-based catnip-oil formulation against stable flies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58 (23): 12320–12326 (8 Nov 2010, doi:10.1021/jf102811k).
  21. ^ Schultz, Gretchen; Peterson, Chris; Coats, Joel (2006). "Natural Insect Repellents: Activity against Mosquitoes and Cockroaches" (PDF). In Rimando, Agnes M.; Duke, Stephen O. (eds.). Natural Products for Pest Management. ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society.
  22. ^ "Termites Repelled by Catnip Oil". Southern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service. 26 March 2003.
  23. ^ "Catnip Repels Mosquitoes More Effectively Than DEE". ScienceDaily.com. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  24. ^ Chauhan, K. R.; Klun, Jerome A.; Debboun, Mustapha; Kramer, Matthew (2005). . Journal of Medical Entomology. 42 (4): 643–646. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0643:FDEOCO]2.0.CO;2. PMID 16119554. S2CID 13711455. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  25. ^ a b c d e f Grognet, J. (June 1990). "Catnip: Its uses and effects, past and present". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 31 (6): 455–456. PMC 1480656. PMID 17423611.
  26. ^ Reader's Digest: Does Catnip "Work" On Big Cats Like Lions And Tigers? Accessed 22 May 2015
  27. ^ Poole, Chris (2 August 2010). Q: Do Tigers Like Catnip?. Big Cat Rescue. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2015 – via YouTube.
  28. ^ Poole, Chris (19 March 2013). Q: Do Tigers Like Catnip? Part 2. Big Cat Rescue. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2015 – via YouTube.
  29. ^ Durand, Marcella (4 March 2003). . CatsPlay.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  30. ^ "Catnip Overdose or Something More Serious? - TheCatSpace". 27 February 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  31. ^ Becker, Marty; Spadafori, Gina (2006). Why Do Cats Always Land on Their Feet? 101 of the Most Perplexing Questions Answered About Feline Unfathomables, Medical Mysteries and Befuddling Behaviors. Deerfield Beach, Florida: Health Communications. ISBN 0757305733.
  32. ^ Spadafori, Gina (2006). "Here, Boy!". Universal Press Syndicate. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  33. ^ Moore, Arden (2007). The Cat Behavior Answer Book: Solutions to Every Problem You'll Ever Face; Answers to Every Question You'll Ever Ask. Storey. ISBN 9781603421799. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  34. ^ Turner, Ramona (29 May 2007). "How does catnip work its magic on cats?". Scientific American. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
  35. ^ Stromberg, Joseph (12 September 2014). "How catnip gets your cat high". Vox. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  36. ^ Hart, Benjamin L.; Leedy, Mitzi G. (July 1985). "Analysis of the catnip reaction: mediation by olfactory system, not vomeronasal organ". Behavioral and Neural Biology. 44 (1): 38–46. doi:10.1016/S0163-1047(85)91151-3. PMID 3834921.
  37. ^ Todd 1962, "Inheritance of the catnip response in domestic cats"
  38. ^ Villani 2011, "Heritability and Characteristics of Catnip Response in Two Domestic Cat Populations"
  39. ^ Moutinho, Sofia (20 January 2021). "Why cats are crazy for catnip". Science. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  40. ^ "Crazy for catnip". HumaneSociety.org. Humane Society of the United States. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

Further reading edit

  • Khan, M. A.; Cameron, Mary M.; Loza-Reyes, E. (May 2012). "Interference in foraging behaviour of European and American house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) by catmint, Nepeta cataria (Lamiaceae)". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 57 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1007/s10493-012-9532-2. PMID 22382713. S2CID 17494631.

External links edit

 
Wikispecies has information related to Catnip.
 
Look up catnip in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nepeta cataria.
  • USDA Plant Profile: Nepeta cataria (catmint)

February 16, 2024
catnip, other, uses, disambiguation, nepeta, cataria, commonly, known, catnip, catswort, catwort, catmint, species, genus, nepeta, family, lamiaceae, native, southern, eastern, europe, middle, east, central, asia, parts, china, widely, naturalized, northern, e. For other uses see Catnip disambiguation Nepeta cataria commonly known as catnip catswort catwort and catmint is a species of the genus Nepeta in the family Lamiaceae native to southern and eastern Europe the Middle East Central Asia and parts of China It is widely naturalized in northern Europe New Zealand and North America 1 2 3 4 5 The common name catmint can also refer to the genus as a whole CatnipCatnip flowersScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder LamialesFamily LamiaceaeGenus NepetaSpecies N catariaBinomial nameNepeta catariaL 1 The names catnip and catmint are derived from the intense attraction about two thirds of cats have toward it alternatives exist such as valerian root and leaves 6 7 Catnip is also an ingredient in some herbal teas or tisanes and is valued for its sedative and relaxant properties 8 Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Uses 3 1 Cultivation 3 2 Biological control 3 3 As an insect repellent 3 4 Effect of ingestion on humans 3 5 Effect on felines 3 5 1 Felines not affected by catnip 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDescription editNepeta cataria is a short lived perennial herbaceous plant that grows to be 50 100 cm 20 40 in tall and wide and that blooms from late spring to autumn In appearance N cataria resembles a typical member of the mint family of plants featuring brown green foliage with the characteristic square stem of the plant family Lamiaceae 9 The coarse toothed leaves are triangular to elliptical in shape 10 The small bilabiate flowers of N cataria are fragrant and are either pink in colour or white with fine spots of pale purple 10 Taxonomy editNepeta cataria was one of the many species described by Linnaeus in 1753 in his landmark work Species Plantarum 11 He had previously described it in 1738 as Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatis pedunculatis meaning Nepeta with flowers in a stalked interrupted spike before the commencement of Linnaean taxonomy 12 Uses edit nbsp nbsp The plant terpenoid nepetalactone is the main chemical constituent of the essential oil of Nepeta cataria Nepetalactone can be extracted from catnip by steam distillation 13 Cultivation edit Nepeta cataria is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in gardens It is also grown for its attractant qualities to house cats and butterflies 10 The plant is drought tolerant and deer resistant It can be a repellent for certain insects including aphids and squash bugs 10 Catnip is best grown in full sunlight and grows as a loosely branching low perennial 14 Varieties include Nepeta cataria var citriodora or N cataria subsp citriodora or lemon catnip 15 named after its lemon scented leaves 16 Biological control edit The iridoid that is deposited on cats who have rubbed themselves against the plants and scratched the surfaces of catnip and silver vine Actinidia polygama leaves repels mosquitoes 17 The compound iridodial an iridoid extracted from catnip oil has been found to attract lacewings that eat aphids and mites 18 As an insect repellent edit Nepetalactone is a mosquito and fly repellent 19 20 Oil isolated from catnip by steam distillation is a repellent against insects in particular mosquitoes cockroaches and termites 21 22 Research suggests that while a more effective spatial repellant than DEET 23 when compared with SS220 or DEET it is not so effective as a repellent as it is when used on the skin of humans 24 Effect of ingestion on humans edit Catnip has a history of use in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments such as stomach cramps indigestion fevers hives and nervous conditions 25 The plant has been consumed as a tisane juice tincture infusion or poultice and has also been smoked 25 However its medicinal use has fallen out of favor with the development of modern medicine 25 Effect on felines edit See also Cat pheromone Cat attractants nbsp Effects of catnip on most domestic cats include rolling pawing and frisking For cats not biologically affected by catnip other plants which may trigger a response include valerian root and leaves silver vine and Tatarian honeysuckle wood Catnip contains the feline attractant nepetalactone N cataria and some other species within the genus Nepeta are known for their behavioral effects on the cat family not only on domestic cats but also other species 25 Several tests showed that leopards cougars servals and lynxes often reacted strongly to catnip in a manner similar to domestic cats Lions and tigers may react strongly as well but they do not react consistently in the same fashion 26 27 28 29 With domestic cats N cataria is used as a recreational substance for the enjoyment of pet cats and catnip and catnip laced products designed for use with domesticated cats are available to consumers Common behaviors cats display when they sense the bruised leaves or stems of catnip are rubbing on the plant rolling on the ground pawing at it licking it and chewing it Consuming much of the plant is followed by drooling sleepiness anxiety leaping about and purring 30 Some growl meow scratch or bite at the hand holding it 31 32 The main response period after exposure is generally between 5 and 15 minutes after which olfactory fatigue usually sets in 33 p 107 However about one third of cats are not affected by catnip 6 7 25 34 The behavior is hereditary 35 Cats detect nepetalactone through their olfactory epithelium not through their vomeronasal organ 36 At the olfactory epithelium the nepetalactone binds to one or more olfactory receptors A 1962 pedigree analysis of 26 cats in a Siamese breeding colony suggested that the catnip response was caused by a Mendelian dominant gene A 2011 pedigree analysis of 210 cats in two breeding colonies taking into account measurement error by repeated testing showed no evidence for Mendelian patterns of inheritance but demonstrated heritabilities of h2 0 51 0 89 for catnip response behavior indicating a polygenic liability threshold model 25 37 38 A study published in January 2021 suggests that felines are specifically attracted to the iridoids nepetalactone and nepetalactol present in catnip and silver vine respectively 39 Felines not affected by catnip edit Cats younger than six months might not exhibit behavioral change to catnip 40 Up to a third of cats are genetically immune to catnip effects but may respond to and enjoy catnip alternatives such as valerian Valeriana officinalis root and leaves silver vine or matatabi Actinidia polygama popular in Asia and Tatarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica wood 6 7 See also edit nbsp Plants portalReferences edit a b Nepeta cataria Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 7 April 2008 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Flora of China Vol 17 p 107 荆芥属 jing jie shu Nepeta Linnaeus Sp Pl 2 570 1753 Altervista Flora Italiana genere Nepeta includes photos plus range maps for Europe and North America Wilson Julia Catnip Nepeta cataria Everything You Need to Know About Catnip Cat World com au Archived from the original on 6 February 2015 Retrieved 6 October 2015 a b c Bol Sebastiaan 16 March 2017 Responsiveness of cats Felidae to silver vine Actinidia polygama Tatarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica valerian Valeriana officinalis and catnip Nepeta cataria BMC Veterinary Research 13 1 70 doi 10 1186 s12917 017 0987 6 PMC 5356310 PMID 28302120 a b c Catnip Nepeta cataria Everything You Need to Know About Catnip Cat World com au Cat World 2014 Archived from the original on 6 February 2015 Retrieved 2 January 2015 Grognet Jeff 1990 Catnip Its uses and effects past and present The Canadian Veterinary Journal 31 6 455 456 PMC 1480656 PMID 17423611 UW Stevens Point Freckmann Herbarium Family Genera Archived from the original on 14 October 2013 Retrieved 11 August 2013 a b c d Missouri Botanical Garden Nepeta cataria Catmint Retrieved 1 October 2013 Linnaeus Carl 1753 Tomus II Species Plantarum in Latin Vol 2 Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 570 Spencer Roger Cross Rob Lumley Peter 2007 Latin names the binomial system and plant classification Plant Names a Guide to Botanical Nomenclature 3rd ed CSIRO Publishing pp 14 15 ISBN 9780643099456 DIY Kitty Crack ultra potent catnip extract Instructables 3 June 2007 Archived from the original on 12 July 2007 Retrieved 14 February 2009 Growing Catnip Bonnie Plants Archived from the original on 8 February 2012 Retrieved 27 August 2016 Keville Kathi 2016 The Aromatherapy Garden Growing Fragrant Plants for Happiness and Well Being illustrated ed Timber Press p 133 ISBN 9781604695496 Nepeta cataria var citriodora lemon catmint Herbaceous Perennial RHS Gardening Uenoyama Reiko Miyazaki Tamako Adachi Masaatsu Nishikawa Toshio Hurst Jane L Miyazaki Masao 14 June 2022 Domestic cat damage to plant leaves containing iridoids enhances chemical repellency to pests iScience 25 7 Bibcode 2022iSci 25j4455U doi 10 1016 j isci 2022 104455 PMC 9308154 PMID 35880027 Bliss Rosalie Marion May June 2007 A Natural Insect Attractant from Catnip Agricultural Research US Government Printing Office 55 5 7 ISSN 0002 161X via EBSCO Kingsley Danny 3 September 2001 Catnip sends mozzies flying ABC Science Online Retrieved 14 February 2009 Junwei J Zhu Christopher A Dunlap Robert W Behle Dennis R Berkebile Brian Wienhold 2010 Repellency of a wax based catnip oil formulation against stable flies Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58 23 12320 12326 8 Nov 2010 doi 10 1021 jf102811k Schultz Gretchen Peterson Chris Coats Joel 2006 Natural Insect Repellents Activity against Mosquitoes and Cockroaches PDF In Rimando Agnes M Duke Stephen O eds Natural Products for Pest Management ACS Symposium Series American Chemical Society Termites Repelled by Catnip Oil Southern Research Station United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service 26 March 2003 Catnip Repels Mosquitoes More Effectively Than DEE ScienceDaily com Retrieved 16 July 2016 Chauhan K R Klun Jerome A Debboun Mustapha Kramer Matthew 2005 Feeding Deterrent Effects of Catnip Oil Components Compared with Two Synthetic Amides Against Aedes aegypti Journal of Medical Entomology 42 4 643 646 doi 10 1603 0022 2585 2005 042 0643 FDEOCO 2 0 CO 2 PMID 16119554 S2CID 13711455 Archived from the original on 29 March 2021 Retrieved 29 December 2018 a b c d e f Grognet J June 1990 Catnip Its uses and effects past and present The Canadian Veterinary Journal 31 6 455 456 PMC 1480656 PMID 17423611 Reader s Digest Does Catnip Work On Big Cats Like Lions And Tigers Accessed 22 May 2015 Poole Chris 2 August 2010 Q Do Tigers Like Catnip Big Cat Rescue Archived from the original on 3 November 2021 Retrieved 2 January 2015 via YouTube Poole Chris 19 March 2013 Q Do Tigers Like Catnip Part 2 Big Cat Rescue Archived from the original on 3 November 2021 Retrieved 22 March 2015 via YouTube Durand Marcella 4 March 2003 Heavenly Catnip CatsPlay com Archived from the original on 15 May 2013 Retrieved 2 January 2015 Catnip Overdose or Something More Serious TheCatSpace 27 February 2023 Retrieved 15 July 2023 Becker Marty Spadafori Gina 2006 Why Do Cats Always Land on Their Feet 101 of the Most Perplexing Questions Answered About Feline Unfathomables Medical Mysteries and Befuddling Behaviors Deerfield Beach Florida Health Communications ISBN 0757305733 Spadafori Gina 2006 Here Boy Universal Press Syndicate Retrieved 3 May 2014 Moore Arden 2007 The Cat Behavior Answer Book Solutions to Every Problem You ll Ever Face Answers to Every Question You ll Ever Ask Storey ISBN 9781603421799 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Turner Ramona 29 May 2007 How does catnip work its magic on cats Scientific American Retrieved 14 February 2009 Stromberg Joseph 12 September 2014 How catnip gets your cat high Vox Retrieved 15 February 2021 Hart Benjamin L Leedy Mitzi G July 1985 Analysis of the catnip reaction mediation by olfactory system not vomeronasal organ Behavioral and Neural Biology 44 1 38 46 doi 10 1016 S0163 1047 85 91151 3 PMID 3834921 Todd 1962 Inheritance of the catnip response in domestic cats Villani 2011 Heritability and Characteristics of Catnip Response in Two Domestic Cat Populations Moutinho Sofia 20 January 2021 Why cats are crazy for catnip Science Retrieved 28 January 2021 Crazy for catnip HumaneSociety org Humane Society of the United States Retrieved 11 October 2023 Further reading editKhan M A Cameron Mary M Loza Reyes E May 2012 Interference in foraging behaviour of European and American house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae Acari Pyroglyphidae by catmint Nepeta cataria Lamiaceae Experimental and Applied Acarology 57 1 65 74 doi 10 1007 s10493 012 9532 2 PMID 22382713 S2CID 17494631 External links edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Catnip nbsp Look up catnip in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nepeta cataria USDA Plant Profile Nepeta cataria catmint Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Catnip amp oldid 1194523787, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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