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Agricultural Research Service

February 15, 2024

The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).[3] ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day.[3] The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland.[4] For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion.[5]

Agricultural Research Service
Former logo of the Agricultural Research Service
Agency overview
FormedNovember 2, 1953 (1953-11-02)
JurisdictionUnited States federal government
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
Employees7,379 employees (September 2017)[1]
Annual budget$1.1 billion (FY14)
Agency executive
  • Simon Liu, Administrator
Parent agencyUnited States Department of Agriculture
Websitears.usda.gov
Footnotes
[2]

Mission edit

ARS conducts scientific research for the American public. Their main focus is on research to develop solutions to agricultural problems and provide information access and dissemination to:

  • ensure high quality, safe food and other agricultural products,
  • assess the nutritional needs of Americans,
  • sustain a competitive agricultural economy.
  • enhance the natural resource base and the environment, and
  • provide economic opportunities to rural citizens, communities, and society as a whole.[3]

ARS research complements the work of state colleges and universities, agricultural experiment stations, other federal and state agencies, and the private sector. ARS research may often focus on regional issues that have national implications, and where there is a clear federal role. ARS also provides information on its research results to USDA action and regulatory agencies and to several other federal regulatory agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.[6][3]

ARS disseminates much of its research results through scientific journals, technical publications, Agricultural Research magazine,[7] and other forums. Information is also distributed through ARS's National Agricultural Library (NAL).[3] ARS has more than 150 librarians and other information specialists who work at two NAL locations—the Abraham Lincoln Building in Beltsville, Maryland; and the DC Reference Center in Washington, D.C. NAL provides reference and information services, document delivery, interlibrary loan and interlibrary borrowing services to a variety of audiences.[8]

History edit

Prior to the inception of ARS, agricultural research was first conducted under the umbrella of the Agricultural Department in the U.S. Patent Office in 1839. It was created to collect statistics, distribute seeds and compile and distribute pertinent information. In 1862 the USDA was created and agricultural research was moved to its department. That same year, the department issued its first research bulletin on the sugar content of grape varietals and their suitability for wine. Six years later the USDA would begin its first research on animal diseases, specifically hog cholera, which was causing devastating losses at the time. In the early 1900s the USDA began analyzing food composition and the first studies of nutrition and the effects of cooking and processing foods were conducted. Finally, in 1953 the Agricultural Research Service was created to be the USDA's primary scientific research agency.[9][10]

Research centers edit

 
ARS Geographic Regions

ARS supports more than 2,000 scientists and post docs working on approximately 690 research projects within 15 National Programs at more than 90 research locations.[3] The ARS is divided into 5 geographic areas: Midwest Area, Northeast Area, Pacific West Area, Plains Area, and Southeast Area.[11] ARS has five major regional research centers:

The research centers focus on innovation in agricultural practices, pest control, health, and nutrition among other things. Work at these facilities has given life to numerous products, processes, and technologies.[12][13][14][15]

ARS' Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) in Beltsville, Maryland, is the world's largest agricultural research complex.[16] Other D.C. area locations include the United States National Agricultural Library and the United States National Arboretum.

ARS also has six major human nutrition research centers that focus on solving a wide spectrum of human nutrition questions by providing authoritative, peer-reviewed, science-based evidence.[17] The centers are located in Arkansas, Maryland, Texas, North Dakota, Massachusetts (the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging), and California. ARS scientists at these centers study the role of food and dietary components in human health from conception to advanced age.[17]

The ARS also offers the Culture Collection, which is the largest public collection of microorganisms in the world, containing approximately 93,000 strains of bacteria and fungi. The ARS Culture Collection is housed at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR)[18] ARS operates the U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory in Fort Pierce, Florida,[19] and the U.S. National Poultry Research Center in Athens, Georgia.[20] Other notable ARS facilities include Northern Great Basin Experimental Range in Oregon, and formerly the Plum Island Animal Disease Center off Long Island.

Several ARS research units focus on pests, diseases, and management practices of horticultural crops. The Cereal Disease Laboratory is located on the campus of the University of Minnesota in Saint Paul.[21][22][23] It primarily hosts research into rusts and Fusaria of cereals.[21][22][23] The San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center in Parlier, California conducts research on specialty crops including grapes, citrus, almonds, alfalfa, peaches, pomegranates, and many others. Several research locations throughout the US also house germplasm collections of plant species important for agricultural and industrial uses as part of the National Genetic Resources Program.[24]

Research impacts edit

From the very beginning the Department of Agriculture and in turn the Agricultural Research Service has been focused on improving not only the farming industry but also the quality of food and the health of Americans. In 1985, technology to produce lactose-free milk, yogurt, and ice cream was developed through the Agricultural Research Service.[25] The grape breeding program, currently located in Parlier, CA which began in 1923, developed seedless grapes and continues to release new grapevine varieties with improved traits.[26] The ARS Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory in Winter Haven, Florida, actively works to improve the taste of orange juice concentrate.[27]

The Agricultural Research Service had a Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) research program, which experimented on cats infected with the parasite, from 1982 until 2018. The prevalence of T. gondii parasite has been reduced by 50% in the U.S. As of September 2018, which the ARS claims is a result of their research. The USDA has since discontinued the use of cats in their research amid acute accusations of animal abuse, and a lack of meaningful contribution to the field in recent years (only three of thirteen papers published about T. gondii by the ARS were published after the year 2000).[28][29][30]

More recently, the ARS has focused research on genetics and plant and animal DNA. Their research has developed pest-resistant corn, faster growing plants and fish, and a focus on plant and animal genome research and mapping. Outside of scientific research, the ARS has worked to release databases on food components in order to assist consumers with making informed decisions about food choices.[3][9]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Data, Analysis & Documentation:Raw Datasets". U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  2. ^ "Agricultural Research Service". US Department of Agriculture.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "About ARS : USDA ARS". www.ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  4. ^ "Headquarters Information: USDA ARS". US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  5. ^ Servick, Kelly (2018-03-23). "Advocates celebrate funding bump for USDA-funded research". Science. AAAS. doi:10.1126/science.aat6839 (inactive 31 January 2024). Retrieved 2018-04-13.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  6. ^ "Business : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  7. ^ "USDA ARS Online Magazine". agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  8. ^ . nal.usda.gov. Archived from the original on 2018-04-13. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  9. ^ a b "AllGov –Departments". allgov.com. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  10. ^ "comp : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  11. ^ "Find A Location : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  12. ^ "Eastern Regional Research Center : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  13. ^ "Regional Biomass Research Centers : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  14. ^ "USDA ARS Online Magazine Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana". agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  15. ^ "Children's Nutrition Research Center". Baylor College of Medicine. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  16. ^ "Beltsville Agricultural Research Center: USDA ARS Online Magazine Vol. 49, No. 10". agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  17. ^ a b "Human Nutrition Research : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-02-05. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  19. ^ "U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  20. ^ "U.S. National Poultry Research Center : USDA ARS". ars.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  21. ^ a b "Cereal Disease Lab". Experts@Minnesota University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  22. ^ a b "Cereal Disease Lab". Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  23. ^ a b "Cereal Disease Laboratory". MBBNet University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  24. ^ "GRIN". ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
  25. ^ Porch, Kaitlyn (2018-04-12). "Lactose-Free Milk, Low-Fat Cheese, and More Dairy Breakthroughs". federallabs.org. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  26. ^ Porch, Kaitlyn (2018-04-12). "Grapes! Our Never-Ending Crush". federallabs.org. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  27. ^ Porch, Kaitlyn (2018-03-16). "ARS Makes Condensed Orange Juice Taste More Like Fresh". federallabs.org. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  28. ^ May, Ashley (2019-04-03). "After thousands of cats died in experiments, USDA says it will stop controversial research program". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
  29. ^ Rosenberg, Eli (2019-03-20). "USDA is turning lab cats into cannibals by forcing them to eat feline meat, watchdog says". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-04-04. The organization alleges that the lab cats, which the U.S. Department of Agriculture houses at a facility in Beltsville, Md., were fed tongues, brains and hearts of cats purchased in at a meat market in China. Dogs purchased from shelters in Colombia and Brazil were killed, the report claims; then their brains, tongues and hearts were fed to the research cats. The goal was to study the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, a flu-like disease that can infect humans for weeks or months. ... Goodman called the practice "kitten cannibalism."
  30. ^ "White Coat Waste Project" (PDF). White Coat Waste Project. Retrieved 2024-01-22.

Sources edit

  • "Agricultural Research Service". from the original on October 14, 2004. Retrieved 7 October 2005.
  • . Agricultural Research Service. Archived from the original on 6 October 2005. Retrieved 7 October 2005. – An online catalog from the Agricultural Research Service Information Staff.
  • "Western Regional Research Center". from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  • "Southern Regional Research Center". from the original on 26 August 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  • "National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research". from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  • "Eastern Regional Research Center". from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  • "ARS Human Nutrition Research". from the original on 2 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  • "National Agricultural Library". from the original on 16 November 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
  • "White Coat Waste Project" (PDF). White Coat Waste Project. Retrieved 2024-01-22.</ref>

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to USDA Agricultural Research Service.

February 15, 2024
agricultural, research, service, principal, house, research, agency, united, states, department, agriculture, usda, four, agencies, usda, research, education, economics, mission, area, charged, with, extending, nation, scientific, knowledge, solving, agricultu. The Agricultural Research Service ARS is the principal in house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture USDA 3 ARS is one of four agencies in USDA s Research Education and Economics mission area ARS is charged with extending the nation s scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas nutrition food safety and quality animal production and protection natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems and crop production and protection ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day 3 The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington D C and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center GWCC in Beltsville Maryland 4 For 2018 its budget was 1 2 billion 5 Agricultural Research ServiceFormer logo of the Agricultural Research ServiceAgency overviewFormedNovember 2 1953 1953 11 02 JurisdictionUnited States federal governmentHeadquartersWashington D C Employees7 379 employees September 2017 1 Annual budget 1 1 billion FY14 Agency executiveSimon Liu AdministratorParent agencyUnited States Department of AgricultureWebsitears usda govFootnotes 2 Contents 1 Mission 2 History 3 Research centers 4 Research impacts 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksMission editARS conducts scientific research for the American public Their main focus is on research to develop solutions to agricultural problems and provide information access and dissemination to ensure high quality safe food and other agricultural products assess the nutritional needs of Americans sustain a competitive agricultural economy enhance the natural resource base and the environment and provide economic opportunities to rural citizens communities and society as a whole 3 ARS research complements the work of state colleges and universities agricultural experiment stations other federal and state agencies and the private sector ARS research may often focus on regional issues that have national implications and where there is a clear federal role ARS also provides information on its research results to USDA action and regulatory agencies and to several other federal regulatory agencies including the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Environmental Protection Agency 6 3 ARS disseminates much of its research results through scientific journals technical publications Agricultural Research magazine 7 and other forums Information is also distributed through ARS s National Agricultural Library NAL 3 ARS has more than 150 librarians and other information specialists who work at two NAL locations the Abraham Lincoln Building in Beltsville Maryland and the DC Reference Center in Washington D C NAL provides reference and information services document delivery interlibrary loan and interlibrary borrowing services to a variety of audiences 8 History editPrior to the inception of ARS agricultural research was first conducted under the umbrella of the Agricultural Department in the U S Patent Office in 1839 It was created to collect statistics distribute seeds and compile and distribute pertinent information In 1862 the USDA was created and agricultural research was moved to its department That same year the department issued its first research bulletin on the sugar content of grape varietals and their suitability for wine Six years later the USDA would begin its first research on animal diseases specifically hog cholera which was causing devastating losses at the time In the early 1900s the USDA began analyzing food composition and the first studies of nutrition and the effects of cooking and processing foods were conducted Finally in 1953 the Agricultural Research Service was created to be the USDA s primary scientific research agency 9 10 Research centers edit nbsp ARS Geographic RegionsARS supports more than 2 000 scientists and post docs working on approximately 690 research projects within 15 National Programs at more than 90 research locations 3 The ARS is divided into 5 geographic areas Midwest Area Northeast Area Pacific West Area Plains Area and Southeast Area 11 ARS has five major regional research centers Western Regional Research Center in Albany California Center for Agricultural Resources Research in Fort Collins Colorado Southern Regional Research Center in New Orleans Louisiana National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research in Peoria Illinois Eastern Regional Research Center in Wyndmoor PennsylvaniaThe research centers focus on innovation in agricultural practices pest control health and nutrition among other things Work at these facilities has given life to numerous products processes and technologies 12 13 14 15 ARS Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center BARC in Beltsville Maryland is the world s largest agricultural research complex 16 Other D C area locations include the United States National Agricultural Library and the United States National Arboretum ARS also has six major human nutrition research centers that focus on solving a wide spectrum of human nutrition questions by providing authoritative peer reviewed science based evidence 17 The centers are located in Arkansas Maryland Texas North Dakota Massachusetts the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and California ARS scientists at these centers study the role of food and dietary components in human health from conception to advanced age 17 The ARS also offers the Culture Collection which is the largest public collection of microorganisms in the world containing approximately 93 000 strains of bacteria and fungi The ARS Culture Collection is housed at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research NCAUR 18 ARS operates the U S Horticultural Research Laboratory in Fort Pierce Florida 19 and the U S National Poultry Research Center in Athens Georgia 20 Other notable ARS facilities include Northern Great Basin Experimental Range in Oregon and formerly the Plum Island Animal Disease Center off Long Island Several ARS research units focus on pests diseases and management practices of horticultural crops The Cereal Disease Laboratory is located on the campus of the University of Minnesota in Saint Paul 21 22 23 It primarily hosts research into rusts and Fusaria of cereals 21 22 23 The San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center in Parlier California conducts research on specialty crops including grapes citrus almonds alfalfa peaches pomegranates and many others Several research locations throughout the US also house germplasm collections of plant species important for agricultural and industrial uses as part of the National Genetic Resources Program 24 Research impacts editFrom the very beginning the Department of Agriculture and in turn the Agricultural Research Service has been focused on improving not only the farming industry but also the quality of food and the health of Americans In 1985 technology to produce lactose free milk yogurt and ice cream was developed through the Agricultural Research Service 25 The grape breeding program currently located in Parlier CA which began in 1923 developed seedless grapes and continues to release new grapevine varieties with improved traits 26 The ARS Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory in Winter Haven Florida actively works to improve the taste of orange juice concentrate 27 The Agricultural Research Service had a Toxoplasma gondii T gondii research program which experimented on cats infected with the parasite from 1982 until 2018 The prevalence of T gondii parasite has been reduced by 50 in the U S As of September 2018 update which the ARS claims is a result of their research The USDA has since discontinued the use of cats in their research amid acute accusations of animal abuse and a lack of meaningful contribution to the field in recent years only three of thirteen papers published about T gondii by the ARS were published after the year 2000 28 29 30 More recently the ARS has focused research on genetics and plant and animal DNA Their research has developed pest resistant corn faster growing plants and fish and a focus on plant and animal genome research and mapping Outside of scientific research the ARS has worked to release databases on food components in order to assist consumers with making informed decisions about food choices 3 9 See also editAgricultural Resource Management Survey Germplasm Resources Information Network Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame National Clonal Germplasm Repository National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research Title 7 of the Code of Federal RegulationsReferences edit Data Analysis amp Documentation Raw Datasets U S Office of Personnel Management Retrieved 2018 04 13 Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture a b c d e f g About ARS USDA ARS www ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 Headquarters Information USDA ARS US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Retrieved 2018 04 13 Servick Kelly 2018 03 23 Advocates celebrate funding bump for USDA funded research Science AAAS doi 10 1126 science aat6839 inactive 31 January 2024 Retrieved 2018 04 13 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of January 2024 link Business USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 USDA ARS Online Magazine agresearchmag ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 About National Agricultural Library USDA nal usda gov Archived from the original on 2018 04 13 Retrieved 2018 04 13 a b AllGov Departments allgov com Retrieved 2019 04 17 comp USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2019 04 17 Find A Location USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 Eastern Regional Research Center USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 Regional Biomass Research Centers USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 USDA ARS Online Magazine Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana agresearchmag ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 Children s Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Retrieved 2018 04 13 Beltsville Agricultural Research Center USDA ARS Online Magazine Vol 49 No 10 agresearchmag ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 a b Human Nutrition Research USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 NRRL culture collection Archived from the original on 2015 02 05 Retrieved 2012 02 12 U S Horticultural Research Laboratory USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 U S National Poultry Research Center USDA ARS ars usda gov Retrieved 2018 04 13 a b Cereal Disease Lab Experts Minnesota University of Minnesota Retrieved 2021 02 14 a b Cereal Disease Lab Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture 2021 02 14 Retrieved 2021 02 14 a b Cereal Disease Laboratory MBBNet University of Minnesota Retrieved 2021 02 14 GRIN ars grin gov Retrieved 2022 12 03 Porch Kaitlyn 2018 04 12 Lactose Free Milk Low Fat Cheese and More Dairy Breakthroughs federallabs org Retrieved 2018 10 26 Porch Kaitlyn 2018 04 12 Grapes Our Never Ending Crush federallabs org Retrieved 2018 10 26 Porch Kaitlyn 2018 03 16 ARS Makes Condensed Orange Juice Taste More Like Fresh federallabs org Retrieved 2018 10 26 May Ashley 2019 04 03 After thousands of cats died in experiments USDA says it will stop controversial research program USA TODAY Retrieved 2019 04 04 Rosenberg Eli 2019 03 20 USDA is turning lab cats into cannibals by forcing them to eat feline meat watchdog says The Washington Post Retrieved 2019 04 04 The organization alleges that the lab cats which the U S Department of Agriculture houses at a facility in Beltsville Md were fed tongues brains and hearts of cats purchased in at a meat market in China Dogs purchased from shelters in Colombia and Brazil were killed the report claims then their brains tongues and hearts were fed to the research cats The goal was to study the parasite Toxoplasma gondii which causes toxoplasmosis a flu like disease that can infect humans for weeks or months Goodman called the practice kitten cannibalism White Coat Waste Project PDF White Coat Waste Project Retrieved 2024 01 22 Sources edit Agricultural Research Service Archived from the original on October 14 2004 Retrieved 7 October 2005 Image gallery Agricultural Research Service Archived from the original on 6 October 2005 Retrieved 7 October 2005 An online catalog from the Agricultural Research Service Information Staff Western Regional Research Center Archived from the original on 1 September 2009 Retrieved 1 September 2009 Southern Regional Research Center Archived from the original on 26 August 2009 Retrieved 1 September 2009 National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Archived from the original on 31 August 2009 Retrieved 1 September 2009 Eastern Regional Research Center Archived from the original on 3 September 2009 Retrieved 1 September 2009 ARS Human Nutrition Research Archived from the original on 2 September 2009 Retrieved 1 September 2009 National Agricultural Library Archived from the original on 16 November 2008 Retrieved 19 November 2008 White Coat Waste Project PDF White Coat Waste Project Retrieved 2024 01 22 lt ref gt External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to USDA Agricultural Research Service Official website Agricultural Research Service in the Federal Register Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agricultural Research Service amp oldid 1201736701, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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