This article lists living orders and families of birds. The links below should then lead to family accounts and hence to individual species.
PenguinsOstriches
The passerines (perching birds) alone account for well over 5,000 species. In total there are about 10,000 species of birds described worldwide, though one estimate of the real number places it at almost twice that.[1]
Taxonomy is very fluid in the age of DNA analysis, so comments are made where appropriate, and all numbers are approximate. In particular see Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for a very different classification.
The Palaeognathae or "old jaws" is one of the two superorders recognized within the taxonomic class Aves and consist of the ratites and tinamous. The ratites are mostly large and long-legged, flightless birds, lacking a keeled sternum. Traditionally, all the ratites were place in the order Struthioniformes. However, recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic, as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous, so the ostriches are classified as the only members of the order Struthioniformes and other ratites placed in other orders.[6][7]
Nearly all living birds belong to the subclass Neognathae or "new jaws". With their keeled sternum (breastbone), unlike the ratites, they are known as carinatae.
^Barrowclough, GF; Cracraft, J; Klicka, J; Zink, RM (2016). "How Many Kinds of Birds Are There and Why Does It Matter?". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): e0166307. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1166307B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166307. PMC5120813. PMID 27880775.
^Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC4405904. PMID 25504713.
^Yuri, T.; et al. (2013). "Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC4009869. PMID 24832669.
^Boyd, John (2007). "NEORNITHES: 46 Orders" (PDF). John Boyd's website. Retrieved 30 December 2017.[unreliable source?]
^Worthy, T.H.; Degrange, F.J.; Handley, W.D.; Lee, M.S.Y. (2017). "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (10): 170975. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470975W. doi:10.1098/rsos.170975. PMC5666277. PMID 29134094.
^Hackett, S.J.; et al. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.
^Yuri, T (2013). "Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–44. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC4009869. PMID 24832669.
January 01, 1970
list, birds, also, common, name, lists, birds, region, list, bird, genera, this, article, lists, living, orders, families, birds, links, below, should, then, lead, family, accounts, hence, individual, species, penguins, ostriches, passerines, perching, birds, . See also List of birds by common name Lists of birds by region and List of bird genera This article lists living orders and families of birds The links below should then lead to family accounts and hence to individual species Penguins Ostriches The passerines perching birds alone account for well over 5 000 species In total there are about 10 000 species of birds described worldwide though one estimate of the real number places it at almost twice that 1 Taxonomy is very fluid in the age of DNA analysis so comments are made where appropriate and all numbers are approximate In particular see Sibley Ahlquist taxonomy for a very different classification Contents 1 Phylogeny 2 Subclass Palaeognathae 2 1 Order Struthioniformes 2 2 Infraclass Notopalaeognathae 2 2 1 Order Rheiformes 2 2 2 Order Casuariiformes 2 2 3 Order Apterygiformes 2 2 4 Order Aepyornithiformes 2 2 5 Order Dinornithiformes 2 2 6 Order Tinamiformes 3 Subclass Neognathae 3 1 Infraclass Galloanserae 3 1 1 Order Galliformes 3 1 2 Order Gastornithiformes 3 1 3 Order Anseriformes 3 2 Superorder Mirandornithes 3 2 1 Order Podicipediformes 3 2 2 Order Phoenicopteriformes 3 3 Superorder Columbimorphae 3 3 1 Order Columbiformes 3 3 2 Order Pterocliformes 3 3 3 Order Mesitornithiformes 3 4 Grandorder Cypselomorphae 3 4 1 Order Caprimulgiformes 3 4 2 Order Steatornithiformes 3 4 3 Order Nyctibiiformes 3 4 4 Order Podargiformes 3 4 5 Order Aegotheliformes 3 4 6 Order Apodiformes 3 5 Grandorder Otidimorphae 3 5 1 Order Cuculiformes 3 5 2 Order Musophagiformes 3 5 3 Order Otidiformes 3 6 Superorder Gruae 3 6 1 Order Opisthocomiformes 3 6 2 Order Gruiformes 3 6 3 Order Charadriiformes 3 7 Grandorder Phaethontimorphae 3 7 1 Order Eurypygiformes 3 7 2 Order Phaethontiformes 3 8 Grandorder Aequornithes 3 8 1 Order Gaviiformes 3 8 2 Order Sphenisciformes 3 8 3 Order Procellariiformes 3 8 4 Order Ciconiiformes 3 8 5 Order Suliformes 3 8 6 Order Pelecaniformes 3 9 Grandorder Afroaves 3 9 1 Order Accipitriformes 3 9 2 Order Strigiformes 3 9 3 Order Coliiformes 3 9 4 Order Leptosomiformes 3 9 5 Order Trogoniformes 3 9 6 Order Bucerotiformes 3 9 7 Order Coraciiformes 3 9 8 Order Piciformes 3 10 Grandorder Australaves 3 10 1 Order Cariamiformes 3 10 2 Order Falconiformes 3 10 3 Order Psittaciformes 3 10 4 Order Passeriformes 4 See also 5 ReferencesPhylogeny editCladogram of modern bird relationships based on Jarvis E D et al 2014 2 with some clade names after Yuri T et al 2013 3 Aves Palaeognathae Struthionimorphae Struthioniformes ostriches 4 Notopalaeognathae Rheimorphae Rheiformes rheas Novaeratitae Casuariiformes cassowaries amp emus Apterygiformes kiwi Aepyornithiformes elephant birds Tinamimorphae Dinornithiformes moas Lithornithiformes false tinamous Tinamiformes tinamous Neognathae Galloanserae Gallomorphae Galliformes landfowl Odontoanserae Odontopterygiformes Anserimorphae Vegaviiformes 5 Gastornithiformes Anseriformes waterfowl Neoaves Columbea Mirandornithes Phoenicopteriformes flamingoes Podicipediformes grebes Columbimorphae Mesitornithiformes mesites Pterocliformes sandgrouse Columbiformes pigeons Passerea Otidae Otidimorphae Cuculiformes cuckoos Otidiformes bustards Musophagiformes turacos Cypselomorphae Caprimulgiformes nightjars Nyctibiiformes oilbirds amp potoos Podargiformes frogmouths Aegotheliformes owlet nightjars Apodiformes hummingbirds amp swifts Gruae Opisthocomiformes hoatzin Cursorimorphae Gruiformes rails and cranes Charadriiformes shorebirds Phaethoquornithes Phaethontimorphae Eurypygiformes sunbittern kagu Phaethontiformes tropicbirds Aequornithes Gaviiformes loons Austrodyptornithes Procellariiformes albatross and petrels Sphenisciformes penguins Ciconiiformes storks Suliformes boobies cormorants etc Pelecaniformes pelicans herons amp egrets Telluraves Afroaves Accipitrimorphae Cathartiformes condors and New World vultures Accipitriformes hawks eagles vultures etc Strigiformes owls Coraciimorphae Coliiformes mousebirds Leptosomiformes cuckoo roller Trogoniformes trogons Bucerotiformes hornbills hoopoe and wood hoopoes Coraciiformes kingfishers etc Piciformes woodpeckers etc Picodynastornithes Picocoraciae Eucavitaves Cavitaves Australaves Cariamiformes seriemas Eufalconimorphae Falconiformes falcons Psittacopasserae Psittaciformes parrots Passeriformes songbirds and kin Subclass Palaeognathae editThe Palaeognathae or old jaws is one of the two superorders recognized within the taxonomic class Aves and consist of the ratites and tinamous The ratites are mostly large and long legged flightless birds lacking a keeled sternum Traditionally all the ratites were place in the order Struthioniformes However recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous so the ostriches are classified as the only members of the order Struthioniformes and other ratites placed in other orders 6 7 Order Struthioniformes edit nbsp Greater rhea pair nbsp Eudromia elegans nbsp Casuarius casuarius Africa 2 species Family Struthionidae ostrich Infraclass Notopalaeognathae edit Order Rheiformes edit South America 2 species Family Opisthodactylidae Family Rheidae rheas Order Casuariiformes edit Australasia 4 species Family Casuariidae cassowaries and emu Order Apterygiformes edit Australasia 5 species Family Apterygidae kiwis Order Aepyornithiformes edit Madagascar Family Aepyornithidae elephant birds Order Dinornithiformes edit New Zealand Family Megalapteryidae upland moas Family Dinornithidae great moas Family Emeidae lesser moas Order Tinamiformes edit South America 45 species Family Tinamidae tinamousSubclass Neognathae editNearly all living birds belong to the subclass Neognathae or new jaws With their keeled sternum breastbone unlike the ratites they are known as carinatae Infraclass Galloanserae edit Order Galliformes edit nbsp Australian brush turkey Worldwide 250 species Family Sylviornithidae Suborder Megapodii Family Megapodidae megapodes Suborder Craci Family Cracidae chachalacas curassows and guans Suborder Phasiani Superfamily Numidioidea Family Numididae guineafowl Superfamily Phasianoidea pheasants and allies Family Odontophoridae New World quail Family Phasianidae pheasants and relatives Order Gastornithiformes edit Family Gastornithidae see Gastornis Family Dromornithidae mihirungs Order Anseriformes edit Worldwide 150 species Family Anhimidae screamers Family Anseranatidae magpie goose Family Anatidae ducks geese and swans Superorder Mirandornithes edit Order Podicipediformes edit Worldwide 19 species Family Podicipedidae grebes Order Phoenicopteriformes edit Worldwide 6 species Family Palaelodidae swimming flamingos Family Phoenicopteridae flamingos Superorder Columbimorphae edit Order Columbiformes edit Worldwide 300 species Family Columbidae pigeons and doves Order Pterocliformes edit Africa Europe Asia 16 species Family Pteroclidae sandgrouse Order Mesitornithiformes edit Madagascar 3 species Family Mesitornithidae mesites Grandorder Cypselomorphae edit Order Caprimulgiformes edit Worldwide 97 species Caprimulgidae nightjars Order Steatornithiformes edit South America 1 species Family Steatornithidae oilbird Order Nyctibiiformes edit Americas 7 species Family Nyctibiidae potoos Order Podargiformes edit nbsp Tawny frogmouthAsia and Australasia 14 speciesFamily Podargidae frogmouths Order Aegotheliformes edit Australasia 10 species Family Aegothelidae owlet nightjars Order Apodiformes edit Worldwide 478 species Family Hemiprocnidae treeswifts Family Apodidae swifts Family Trochilidae hummingbirds Grandorder Otidimorphae edit Order Cuculiformes edit Worldwide 150 species Family Cuculidae cuckoos and relatives Order Musophagiformes edit Africa 23 species Family Musophagidae turacos and relatives Order Otidiformes edit Africa and Eurasia 27 species Family Otididae bustards Superorder Gruae edit Order Opisthocomiformes edit South America 1 species Family Opisthocomidae hoatzin Order Gruiformes edit Worldwide 164 species Suborder Grui cranes and allies Family Gruidae cranes Family Aramidae limpkin Family Psophiidae trumpeters Suborder Ralli rails and allies Family Aptornithidae adzebills Family Heliornithidae finfoots Family Sarothruridae flufftails Family Rallidae rails and relatives Order Charadriiformes edit Worldwide 350 species Suborder Charadrii Infraorder Chionida thick knees and allies Family Burhinidae thick knees and relatives Family Chionididae sheathbills Family Pluvianellidae Magellanic plover Infraorder Charadriida plover like waders Family Pluvialidae golden plovers Family Ibidorhynchidae ibisbill Family Haematopodidae oystercatchers Family Recurvirostridae avocets and stilts Family Charadriidae plovers and lapwings Suborder Scolopaci Infraorder Jacanida jacana like waders nbsp Greater painted snipeFamily Rostratulidae painted snipes nbsp Egyptian ploverFamily Pluvianidae Egyptian plover Family Jacanidae jacanas Family Thinocoridae seedsnipes nbsp Plains wandererFamily Pedionomidae plains wanderer Infraorder Scolopacida Family Scolopacidae sandpipers and relatives Suborder Lari Infraorder Turnicida Family Turnicidae buttonquail Infraorder Larida gulls and allies Family Glareolidae coursers and pratincoles Family Dromadidae crab plover Family Stercorariidae skuas and jaegers Family Alcidae auks and puffins Family Laridae gulls skimmers and terns Grandorder Phaethontimorphae edit Order Eurypygiformes edit Neotropics and New Caledonia 2 species Family Rhynochetidae kagu nbsp SunbitternFamily Eurypygidae sunbittern Order Phaethontiformes edit Oceanic 3 species Family Phaethontidae tropicbirds Grandorder Aequornithes edit Order Gaviiformes edit North America Eurasia 5 species Family Gaviidae loons Order Sphenisciformes edit Antarctic and southern waters 17 species Family Spheniscidae penguins Order Procellariiformes edit Pan oceanic 120 species Family Diomedeidae albatrosses Family Oceanitidae austral storm petrels Family Hydrobatidae northern storm petrels Family Procellariidae petrels and relatives Order Ciconiiformes edit Worldwide 19 species nbsp White stork Family Ciconiidae storks Order Suliformes edit Worldwide 59 species Suborder Fregatae Family Fregatidae frigatebirds Suborder Sulae Family Sulidae boobies and gannets Family Anhingidae darters Family Phalacrocoracidae cormorants and shags Order Pelecaniformes edit nbsp Hamerkop Worldwide 108 species Suborder Threskiornithes Family Threskiornithidae ibises and spoonbills Suborder Pelecani Family Scopidae hamerkop Family Balaenicipitidae shoebill Family Pelecanidae pelicans Suborder Ardeae Family Ardeidae herons and relatives Grandorder Afroaves edit Order Accipitriformes edit nbsp Osprey Worldwide 260 species Suborder Cathartae Family Cathartidae New World vultures Suborder Accipitres Family Sagittariidae secretarybird Family Pandionidae osprey Family Accipitridae hawks eagles buzzards harriers kites and Old World vultures Order Strigiformes edit Worldwide 250 species Family Tytonidae barn owls Family Strigidae true owls Order Coliiformes edit nbsp Blue naped mousebird Sub Saharan Africa 6 species Family Coliidae mousebirds Order Leptosomiformes edit Madagascar 1 species Family Leptosomidae cuckoo roller Order Trogoniformes edit Sub Saharan Africa Americas Asia 35 species Family Trogonidae trogons and quetzals Order Bucerotiformes edit Old World New Guinea 64 species Superfamily Buceroidea Family Bucerotidae hornbills Superfamily Upupoidea Family Upupidae hoopoe Family Phoeniculidae woodhoopoes Order Coraciiformes edit Worldwide 144 species Suborder Meropi Family Meropidae bee eaters Suborder Coracii Family Coraciidae rollers Family Brachypteraciidae ground rollers Suborder Alcedines Family Todidae todies Family Momotidae motmots Family Alcedinidae kingfishers nbsp Kingfisher Order Piciformes edit Worldwide except Australasia 400 species Suborder Galbuli Family Galbulidae jacamars Family Bucconidae puffbirds Suborder Pici Family Lybiidae African barbets Family Megalaimidae Asian barbets Family Ramphastidae toucans Family Semnornithidae toucan barbets Family Capitonidae American barbets Family Picidae woodpeckers Family Indicatoridae honeyguides Grandorder Australaves edit Order Cariamiformes edit South America 2 species Family Cariamidae seriemas Order Falconiformes edit Worldwide 60 species Family Falconidae falcons and relatives Order Psittaciformes edit Pan tropical southern temperate zones 330 species Superfamily Strigopoidea Family Strigopidae kakapo Family Nestoridae kea and kakas Superfamily Cacatuoidea Family Cacatuidae cockatoos and cockatiel Superfamily Psittacoidea Family Psittacidae African and American parrots Family Psittaculidae Australasian parrots Family Psittrichasiidae Pesquet s parrot vasa parrots Order Passeriformes edit nbsp Rock wren nbsp Eurylaimus javanicus nbsp Pitta cyanea nbsp Pachyramphus castaneus nbsp Lyrebird Worldwide 6 500 species Suborder Acanthisitti Family Acanthisittidae New Zealand wrens Suborder Tyranni suboscines Infraorder Eurylaimides Old World suboscines Family Sapayoidae sapayoa Family Calyptomenidae Calyptomenid broadbills Family Pittidae pittas Family Eurylaimidae broadbills Family Philepittidae asities Infraorder Tyrannides New World suboscines Parvorder Tyrannida bronchophones Family Pipridae manakins Family Cotingidae cotingas Family Oxyruncidae sharpbills Family Onychorhynchidae royal flycatchers and allies Family Tityridae becards and tityras Family Pipritidae pipriteses Family Platyrinchidae spadebills Family Tachurididae many colored rush tyrants Family Rhynchocyclidae mionectine flycatchers Family Tyrannidae tyrant flycatchers Parvorder Furnariida tracheophones Family Melanopareiidae crescent chests Family Conopophagidae gnateaters Family Thamnophilidae antbirds Family Grallariidae antpittas Family Rhinocryptidae tapaculos Family Formicariidae ground antbirds Family Furnariidae ovenbirds Suborder Passeri oscines Infraorder Menurides Family Atrichornithidae scrub birds Family Menuridae lyrebirds Infraorder Climacterides Family Ptilonorhynchidae bowerbirds Family Climacteridae Australasian treecreepers Infraorder Meliphagides Family Maluridae Australasian wrens Family Dasyornithidae bristlebirds Family Pardalotidae pardalotes Family Acanthizidae gerygones thornbills and allies Family Meliphagidae honeyeaters and relatives Infraorder Orthonychides Family Pomatostomidae Australasian babblers Family Orthonychidae logrunners Infraorder Corvides Superfamily Cinclosomatoidea Family Cinclosomatidae quail thrushes and jewel babblers Superfamily Campephagoidea Family Campephagidae cuckoo shrikes Superfamily Mohouoidea Family Mohouidae whitehead and allies Superfamily Neosittoidea Family Neosittidae sittellas Superfamily Orioloidea Family Eulacestomidae wattled ploughbills Family Psophodidae whipbirds and quail thrushes Family Oreoicidae Australo Papuan bellbirds Family Falcunculidae crested shriketits Family Paramythiidae painted berrypeckers Family Pteruthiidae shrike babblers Family Vireonidae vireos and relatives Family Pachycephalidae whistlers and relatives Colluricinclidae Family Oriolidae Old World orioles Superfamily Malaconotoidea Family Machaerirhynchidae boatbills Family Artamidae woodswallows and butcherbirds Family Rhagologidae mottled berryhunter Family Aegithinidae ioras Family Pityriaseidae bristlehead Family Malaconotidae bushshrikes and relatives Family Platysteiridae wattle eyes and batises Family Vangidae vangas Tephrodornithidae Prionopidae Superfamily Corvoidea Family Rhipiduridae fantails Family Lamproliidae silktail drongo fantail Family Dicruridae drongos Family Ifritidae blue capped ifrits Family Melampittidae melampittas Family Corcoracidae Australian mudnesters Family Paradisaeidae birds of paradise Family Monarchidae monarch flycatchers Family Laniidae shrikes Family Corvidae jays and crows Infraorder Passerides Parvorder Melanocharitida Family Melanocharitidae berrypeckers Parvorder Cnemophilida Family Cnemophilidae satinbirds Parvorder Petroicida Family Petroicidae Australasian robins Family Notiomystidae stitchbird Family Callaeidae wattlebirds Parvorder Eupetida Family Picathartidae rockfowl Familt Chaetopidae rock jumpers Family Eupetidae rail babbler Parvorder Sylviida Superfamily Paroidea Family Stenostiridae fairy warblers Family Hyliotidae hyliotas Family Remizidae penduline tits Family Paridae chickadees and true tits Superfamily Alaudoidea Family Nicatoridae nicators Family Panuridae bearded reedling Family Alaudidae larks Family Macrosphenidae African warblers Superfamily Locustelloidea Family Cisticolidae cisticolas and relatives Family Acrocephalidae marsh warblers Family Pnoepygidae pygmy wren babblers Family Locustellidae grass warblers Family Donacobiidae donacobius Family Bernieridae Malagasy warblers Family Hirundinidae swallows and martins Family Pycnonotidae bulbuls Superfamily Aegithaloidea Family Phylloscopidae leaf warblers Family Cettiidae bush warblers Erythrocercidae Scotocercidae Family Hyliidae hylias Family Aegithalidae bushtits Superfamily Sylvioidea Family Sylviidae true warblers Family Paradoxornithidae parrotbills fulvettas Family Zosteropidae white eyes Family Timaliidae babblers and relatives Family Pellorneidae fulvettas ground babblers Family Leiothrichidae laughing thrushes Parvorder Muscicapida Superorder Reguloidea Family Regulidae kinglets Superfamily Bombycilloidea Family Elachuridae spotted wren babblers Family Mohoidae Hawaiian honeyeaters Family Ptiliogonatidae silky flycatchers Family Bombycillidae waxwings Family Dulidae palmchat Family Hypocoliidae hypocolius Superfamily Certhioidea Family Tichodromidae wallcreeper Family Sittidae nuthatches Family Certhiidae treecreepers Family Troglodytidae wrens Family Polioptilidae gnatcatchers Superfamily Muscicapoidea Family Cinclidae dippers Family Turdidae thrushes and relatives Family Muscicapidae flycatchers and relatives Family Buphagidae oxpeckers Family Mimidae mockingbirds and thrashers Family Sturnidae starlings and mynas Rhabdornithidae Parvorder Passerida Family Promeropidae sugarbirds Family Arcanatoridae dapplethroat and allies Family Dicaeidae flowerpeckers Family Nectariniidae sunbirds Family Irenidae fairy bluebirds Family Chloropseidae leafbirds Family Peucedramidae olive warbler Family Prunellidae accentors Superfamily Ploceoidea Family Urocynchramidae pink tailed bunting Family Ploceidae weavers and relatives Family Viduidae whydahs and indigobirds Family Estrildidae weaver finches Superfamily Passeroidea Family Passeridae Old World sparrows Family Motacillidae wagtails and pipits Family Fringillidae finches and relatives Family Calcariidae longspurs snow buntings Family Rhodinocichlidae rosy thrush tanagers Family Emberizidae Old World buntings Family Passerellidae American sparrows Family Phaenicophilidae palm tanager and allies Family Icteridae New World blackbirds and New World orioles Family Teretistridae Cuban warblers Family Parulidae wood warblers Family Mitrospingidae Family Cardinalidae cardinals grosbeaks and New World buntings Family Thraupidae tanagers and relatives Coerebidae See also editLists of animals List of bird genera List of chicken breeds List of birds by common name List of individual birds Lists by continent List of birds of Africa List of birds of Antarctica List of birds of Asia List of birds of Australia List of birds of Europe List of birds of North America List of birds of South America Lists by smaller geographic unit Lists of birds by region Extinct birds List of recently extinct bird species List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species List of fossil bird genera List of fictional birdsReferences edit Barrowclough GF Cracraft J Klicka J Zink RM 2016 How Many Kinds of Birds Are There and Why Does It Matter PLOS ONE 11 11 e0166307 Bibcode 2016PLoSO 1166307B doi 10 1371 journal pone 0166307 PMC 5120813 PMID 27880775 Jarvis E D et al 2014 Whole genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds Science 346 6215 1320 1331 Bibcode 2014Sci 346 1320J doi 10 1126 science 1253451 PMC 4405904 PMID 25504713 Yuri T et al 2013 Parsimony and Model Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals Biology 2 1 419 444 doi 10 3390 biology2010419 PMC 4009869 PMID 24832669 Boyd John 2007 NEORNITHES 46 Orders PDF John Boyd s website Retrieved 30 December 2017 unreliable source Worthy T H Degrange F J Handley W D Lee M S Y 2017 The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl Aves Galloanseres Royal Society Open Science 11 10 170975 Bibcode 2017RSOS 470975W doi 10 1098 rsos 170975 PMC 5666277 PMID 29134094 Hackett S J et al 2008 A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History Science 320 5884 1763 1768 Bibcode 2008Sci 320 1763H doi 10 1126 science 1157704 PMID 18583609 S2CID 6472805 Yuri T 2013 Parsimony and model based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals Biology 2 1 419 44 doi 10 3390 biology2010419 PMC 4009869 PMID 24832669 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of birds amp oldid 1222730372, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
