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Cisticola

January 01, 1970

Cisticolas (pronounced sis-TIC-olas) are a genus of very small insectivorous birds formerly classified in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae, but now usually considered to be in the separate family Cisticolidae, along with other southern warbler genera. They are believed to be quite closely related to the swallows and martins, the bulbuls and the white-eyes. The genus contains about 50 species, of which only two are not found in Africa: one in Madagascar and the other from Asia to Australasia. They are also sometimes called fantail-warblers due to their habit of conspicuously flicking their tails, or tailor-birds because of their nests.

Cisticola
Zitting cisticola (Cisticola juncidis)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cisticolidae
Genus: Cisticola
Kaup, 1829
Type species
Sylvia cisticola[1]
Temminck, 1820
Species

see text

Taxonomy edit

The genus was erected by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup in 1829. The type species, by tautonymy, is Sylvia cisticola Temminck, 1820, now considered as a subspecies of Sylvia juncidis Rafinesque 1810, the zitting cisticola.[2][3] The name Cisticola is from Ancient Greek kisthos, "rock-rose", and Latin colere, "to dwell".[4]

Range and habitat edit

Cisticolas are widespread through the Old World's tropical and sub-tropical regions. Africa, which is home to almost all species, is the most likely ancestral home of the group. Cisticolas are usually non-migratory with most species attached to and often distinguishable by their habitats.

A variety of open habitats are occupied. These include wetlands, moist or drier grasslands, open or rocky mountain slopes, and human-modified habitats such as road verges, cultivation, weedy areas or pasture. The species preferring wetlands can be found at the edges of mangrove, or in papyrus, common reed, or typha swamps. Cisticolas are generally quite common within what remains of their preferred habitats.

The zitting cisticola (or fan-tailed warbler) is widespread throughout the tropics and even breeds in southern Europe. It has occurred on a few occasions as a vagrant to England.

Description edit

 
Male golden-headed cisticola and nest

Because of their small size (about 10 cm) and brown plumage, they are more easily heard than seen. The similar plumage of many species can make them hard to identify, particularly in winter when they seldom emerge from their grasses. Many African species, in particular, are difficult to distinguish other than by their calls. Thirteen species are named for their calls, from "singing" and "chirping" to "bubbling" and "siffling".

Behaviour edit

Male cisticolas are polygamous. The female builds a discreet nest deep in the grasses, often binding living leaves into the soft fabric of felted plant down, cobweb, and grass: a cup shape for the zitting cisticola with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage, a full dome for the golden-headed cisticola. The average clutch is about 4 eggs, which take about 2 weeks to hatch. The parasitic weaver is a specialist parasite of cisticolas and prinias.

In summer, male cisticolas of smaller species make spectacular display flights while larger species perch in prominent places to sing lustily. Despite his size and well-camouflaged, brown-streaked plumage, the male golden-headed cisticola of Australia and southern Asia produces a small, brilliant splash of golden-yellow colour in the dappled sunlight of a reed bed.

List of species edit

The genus contains 53 species:[5]

References edit

  1. ^ "Cisticolidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  2. ^ Kaup, Johann Jakob (1829). Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt (in German). Darmstadt: Carl Wilhelm Leske. p. 119.
  3. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 84.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Olsson, U.; Irestedt, M.; Sangster, G.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Alström, P. (2013). "Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (3): 790–799. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.004. PMID 23159891.
  6. ^ a b Fjeldså, Jon; Dinesen, Lars; Davies, Owen R.; Irestedt, Martin; Krabbe, Niels K.; Hansen, Louis A.; Bowie, Rauri C. K. (2021). "Description of two new Cisticola species endemic to the marshes of the Kilombero floodplain of southwestern Tanzania". Ibis. 163 (4): 1330–1354. doi:10.1111/ibi.12971. ISSN 1474-919X. S2CID 236584599.
  7. ^ Ryan, P.; Dean, R. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Wailing Cisticola (Cisticola lais)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.waicis1.01. S2CID 216324448. Retrieved 27 August 2017.

Further reading edit

  • Nguembock B.; Fjeldsa J.; Tillier A.; Pasquet E. (2007): A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of a unique nest-building specialization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 272–286.
  • Ryan, Peter (2006). Family Cisticolidae (Cisticolas and allies). Pp. 378–492 in del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Christie D.A. (2006) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 978-84-96553-06-4

External links edit

  • Cisticola videos on the Internet Bird Collection

January 01, 1970
cisticola, pronounced, olas, genus, very, small, insectivorous, birds, formerly, classified, world, warbler, family, sylviidae, usually, considered, separate, family, cisticolidae, along, with, other, southern, warbler, genera, they, believed, quite, closely, . Cisticolas pronounced sis TIC olas are a genus of very small insectivorous birds formerly classified in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae but now usually considered to be in the separate family Cisticolidae along with other southern warbler genera They are believed to be quite closely related to the swallows and martins the bulbuls and the white eyes The genus contains about 50 species of which only two are not found in Africa one in Madagascar and the other from Asia to Australasia They are also sometimes called fantail warblers due to their habit of conspicuously flicking their tails or tailor birds because of their nests Cisticola Zitting cisticola Cisticola juncidis Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Cisticolidae Genus CisticolaKaup 1829 Type species Sylvia cisticola 1 Temminck 1820 Species see textTaxonomy editThe genus was erected by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup in 1829 The type species by tautonymy is Sylvia cisticola Temminck 1820 now considered as a subspecies of Sylvia juncidis Rafinesque 1810 the zitting cisticola 2 3 The name Cisticola is from Ancient Greek kisthos rock rose and Latin colere to dwell 4 Range and habitat editCisticolas are widespread through the Old World s tropical and sub tropical regions Africa which is home to almost all species is the most likely ancestral home of the group Cisticolas are usually non migratory with most species attached to and often distinguishable by their habitats A variety of open habitats are occupied These include wetlands moist or drier grasslands open or rocky mountain slopes and human modified habitats such as road verges cultivation weedy areas or pasture The species preferring wetlands can be found at the edges of mangrove or in papyrus common reed or typha swamps Cisticolas are generally quite common within what remains of their preferred habitats The zitting cisticola or fan tailed warbler is widespread throughout the tropics and even breeds in southern Europe It has occurred on a few occasions as a vagrant to England Description edit nbsp Male golden headed cisticola and nest Because of their small size about 10 cm and brown plumage they are more easily heard than seen The similar plumage of many species can make them hard to identify particularly in winter when they seldom emerge from their grasses Many African species in particular are difficult to distinguish other than by their calls Thirteen species are named for their calls from singing and chirping to bubbling and siffling Behaviour editMale cisticolas are polygamous The female builds a discreet nest deep in the grasses often binding living leaves into the soft fabric of felted plant down cobweb and grass a cup shape for the zitting cisticola with a canopy of tied together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage a full dome for the golden headed cisticola The average clutch is about 4 eggs which take about 2 weeks to hatch The parasitic weaver is a specialist parasite of cisticolas and prinias In summer male cisticolas of smaller species make spectacular display flights while larger species perch in prominent places to sing lustily Despite his size and well camouflaged brown streaked plumage the male golden headed cisticola of Australia and southern Asia produces a small brilliant splash of golden yellow colour in the dappled sunlight of a reed bed List of species editThe genus contains 53 species 5 Red faced cisticola Cisticola erythrops Singing cisticola Cisticola cantans Whistling cisticola Cisticola lateralis Trilling cisticola Cisticola woosnami Chattering cisticola Cisticola anonymus Bubbling cisticola Cisticola bulliens Hunter s cisticola Cisticola hunteri Chubb s cisticola Cisticola chubbi Kilombero cisticola Cisticola bakerorum 6 Black lored cisticola Cisticola nigriloris Lazy cisticola Cisticola aberrans Rock loving cisticola Cisticola emini Rattling cisticola Cisticola chiniana Boran cisticola Cisticola bodessa Churring cisticola Cisticola njombe Ashy cisticola Cisticola cinereolus Tana River cisticola Cisticola restrictus Tinkling cisticola Cisticola rufilatus Grey backed cisticola Cisticola subruficapilla Wailing cisticola Cisticola lais Lynes s cisticola Cisticola distinctus sometimes considered as a subspecies of the wailing cisticola 7 Rufous winged cisticola Cisticola galactotes Winding cisticola Cisticola marginatus Coastal cisticola Cisticola haematocephalus White tailed cisticola Cisticola anderseni 6 Ethiopian cisticola Cisticola lugubris Luapula cisticola Cisticola luapula Chirping cisticola Cisticola pipiens Carruthers s cisticola Cisticola carruthersi Levaillant s cisticola Cisticola tinniens Stout cisticola Cisticola robustus Aberdare cisticola Cisticola aberdare Croaking cisticola Cisticola natalensis Red pate cisticola Cisticola ruficeps Dorst s cisticola Cisticola guinea formerly C dorsti or included in C ruficeps Tiny cisticola Cisticola nana Short winged cisticola Cisticola brachypterus Rufous cisticola Cisticola rufus Foxy cisticola Cisticola troglodytes Neddicky Cisticola fulvicapilla Long tailed cisticola Cisticola angusticauda Black tailed cisticola Cisticola melanurus Zitting cisticola Cisticola juncidis Socotra cisticola Cisticola haesitatus Madagascar cisticola Cisticola cherina Desert cisticola Cisticola aridulus Cloud cisticola Cisticola textrix Black backed cisticola Cisticola eximius Dambo cisticola Cisticola dambo Pectoral patch cisticola Cisticola brunnescens Pale crowned cisticola Cisticola cinnamomeus Wing snapping cisticola Cisticola ayresii Golden headed cisticola Cisticola exilisReferences edit Cisticolidae aviansystematics org The Trust for Avian Systematics Retrieved 2023 07 15 Kaup Johann Jakob 1829 Skizzirte Entwickelungs Geschichte und naturliches System der europaischen Thierwelt in German Darmstadt Carl Wilhelm Leske p 119 Mayr Ernst Cottrell G William eds 1986 Check list of Birds of the World Vol 11 Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology p 84 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 109 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Olsson U Irestedt M Sangster G Ericson P G P Alstrom P 2013 Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi locus phylogeny of all genera Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 3 790 799 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2012 11 004 PMID 23159891 a b Fjeldsa Jon Dinesen Lars Davies Owen R Irestedt Martin Krabbe Niels K Hansen Louis A Bowie Rauri C K 2021 Description of two new Cisticola species endemic to the marshes of the Kilombero floodplain of southwestern Tanzania Ibis 163 4 1330 1354 doi 10 1111 ibi 12971 ISSN 1474 919X S2CID 236584599 Ryan P Dean R 2020 del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J Christie D A de Juana E eds Wailing Cisticola Cisticola lais Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions doi 10 2173 bow waicis1 01 S2CID 216324448 Retrieved 27 August 2017 Further reading editNguembock B Fjeldsa J Tillier A Pasquet E 2007 A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae Aves Passeriformes based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data and a re interpretation of a unique nest building specialization Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42 272 286 Ryan Peter 2006 Family Cisticolidae Cisticolas and allies Pp 378 492 in del Hoyo J Elliott A amp Christie D A 2006 Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 11 Old World Flycatchers to Old World WarblersLynx Edicions Barcelona ISBN 978 84 96553 06 4External links editCisticola videos on the Internet Bird Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cisticola amp oldid 1193508258, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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