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Wikipedia

Baykar Bayraktar TB2

January 07, 2023

The Bayraktar TB2 is a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations. It is manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., primarily for the Turkish Armed Forces.[3] The aircraft are monitored and controlled by an aircrew in a ground control station, including weapons employment. The development of the UAV has been largely credited to Selçuk Bayraktar, a former MIT graduate student.[4]

Bayraktar TB2
Bayraktar TB2 of the Turkish Air Force
Role Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
National origin Turkey
Manufacturer Baykar
First flight August 2014; 8 years ago (2014-08)
Status In service
Primary users Turkey
See Operators
Number built 300+[1][2]
Developed from Baykar Bayraktar TB1
Developed into Baykar Bayraktar TB3

By November 2021, the TB2 drone had completed 400,000 flight-hours globally.[5][2] The largest operator of TB2 drones is the Turkish military, but an export model has been sold to the militaries of a number of other countries.[6][7] Turkey has used the drone extensively in strikes on Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and People's Protection Units (YPG) targets in Iraq and Syria.[8][9][10][11] Bayraktar drones were later deployed by a number of other nations around the world in various wars, such as by Azerbaijan in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, by the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,[12][13] as well as by the Ethiopian National Defense Force during the Tigray War.[14][15][16]

Development

 
Bayraktar TB2 technical specifications in Turkish

The development of the Bayraktar TB2 had been spurred by a U.S. ban on exports of armed unmanned aircraft to Turkey due to concerns they would be used against PKK groups inside and outside Turkey.[11]

Baykar started developing a new combat tactical aerial vehicle system at the request of the Presidency of Defense Industries, after the experiences of its first tactical UAV, the Bayraktar Çaldıran or Bayraktar TB1, delivered to the Turkish army in 2011.[17] The Bayraktar TB2 made its maiden flight in August 2014.[18] On 18 December 2015, a video was published of a test firing of a missile from the Bayraktar TB2, a result of a collaboration with Roketsan. Roketsan's MAM and TUBITAK-SAGE's BOZOK laser-guided bombs were tested for the first time.[19][20][21][22][excessive citations]

Components and technologies

The aircraft previously relied on imported and regulated components and technologies such as Rotax 912 engines[23] (manufactured in Austria) and optoelectronics (FLIR sensors imported from Wescam in Canada or Hensoldt from Germany). Bombardier Recreational Products, owner of Rotax, suspended delivery of their engines to certain countries in October 2020, after becoming aware of their military use despite being certified for civil use only.[23][24]

According to British newspaper The Guardian, the arming of the Bayraktar TB2 would not have been possible without the help of the UK Hornet micro-munitions bomb rack by EDO MBM Technology Ltd. The bomb rack was provided to Turkey in 2015, and a variant of it was integrated into the aircraft by EDO MBM and Roketsan.[25] In response to The Guardian newspaper article, Baykar Chief Technical Officer Selçuk Bayraktar denied that the bomb rack came from the UK. "We are not buying it from you, we never did. It not only does not work under any circumstances but is also very expensive", Bayraktar said on Twitter. "We have designed and manufactured a more advanced and cost-effective one ourselves."[26]

On 19 August 2020 the UK Department for International Trade (DIT) disclosed details of a six-year history of exports of the Hornet bomb rack to Turkey between 2014 and 2020, suggesting that supply of the critical technology to Turkey had continued well beyond the development stage of the Bayraktar TB2 and right up to the publication of the Guardian story in November 2019. 18 Standard Individual Export Licence (SIEL) applications were submitted by EDO MBM Technology between 2014 and 2020 for exports of goods 'related to Hornet Bomb Racks / Hornet Missile Launchers' for end-users in Turkey. Of these; 16 of the licences were granted.[27]

In October 2020 the use of the Canadian Wescam MX-15D system in the drone was disclosed after Armenian officials claimed that remains of a MX-15D system had been recovered from a downed TB2 drone during the nation's conflict with Azerbaijan. That triggered the stopping of MX-15D exports to Turkey while an investigation by Global Affairs Canada evaluates the use of Canadian technology in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.[28][29][30] Turkish industry responded to foreign sales boycotts by announcing provision of domestically manufactured alternatives including TEI PD170 engine (manufactured by TEI),[31][32] fuel valves and the CATS FLIR system (manufactured by Aselsan).[33] Integration tests with that system started on 6 November 2020.[34] Turkish defense industry researcher Kadir Doğan tweeted that cancellation of sales of components to Baykar by foreign companies did not pose a major problem, and that as of January 2021, all of those components have been replaced by locally manufactured alternatives.[35]

However, the majority of Baykar's customers, including Ukraine, Poland, Morocco, and Kuwait, declined to purchase the Aselsan CATS electro-optical turret and opted to order the Wescam MX-15D through an authorized distributor.[36] Reasons include a weight increase from 45 to 61 kg (99 to 134 lb), general performance, and compatibility with existing fleet.[36]

Characteristics

Design

 
Bayraktar TB2 first trial flights

The Bayraktar TB2 platform has a blended wing body design with an inverted V-tail structure. Thrust is generated by a variable pitch two-blade propeller in pusher configuration. The propeller is mounted between the tail booms and driven by an internal combustion engine located in the body. The monocoque platform is modular with detachable main items such as wing, tail boom, and V-tails. Fuselage pieces are made mostly of carbon fiber composite with machined aluminum parts at joints. Fuel is stored within bladder tanks and fuel consumption is balanced with solenoid valves.

The ground control station (GCS) is based on a NATO spec shelter unit which is equipped with cross redundant command and control systems. The mobile unit supports three personnel: pilot, payload operator and mission commander. The GCS is equipped with redundant air conditioners and nuclear, biological and chemical filtration (NBC) filtering unit. All hardware inside the shelter is placed inside racked cabinets. Each operator has dual screens in front along with the operator interface software used for real-time command, control and monitoring.[37]

While the Turkish Armed Forces describes Bayraktar TB2 as "Tactical UAV Class" to prevent it from being a competitor to the TAI Anka UAV, international standards would classify it as a medium-altitude long-endurance UAV.[38][39]

Configuration

 
Bayraktar TB2 Ground Control Station System
 
Bayraktar ground control station on a mobile platform

Each TB2 is configured with six aerial vehicle platforms,[clarification needed] two ground control stations, three ground data terminals (GDT), two remote video terminals (RVT) and ground support equipment.[citation needed] Each aerial platform is equipped with a triply redundant avionics system. Its ground control system's cross redundant architecture allows for pilot, payload operator and mission commander to command, control and monitor the platform.[40]

Digital flight control system

The TB2 has a triple-redundant flight control system with autonomous taxi, takeoff, cruise, landing and parking capability. The computerized flight control system is the primary component, conducting sensor fusion algorithms with the real-time sensor data. Mission-specific controls are handled through the mission control computer system. The aerial platform is guided through various redundant rotary and linear servo actuators. All of the main airborne avionics equipment, software and hardware are under constant development.[41]

The electronic power supply that powers the onboard systems is supported with triple alternators and balanced, smart lithium-ion battery units. A ruggedized heated camera unit is placed in the tail section of the platform to monitor flight and all payload and telemetry data are recorded to the airborne data recorder. The redundancy architecture of the avionics supports autonomous emergency landings on different airfields if necessary. Sensor fusion algorithms, including an inertial navigation system, allow navigation and auto landing even with loss of global positioning signals.[41]

Price

The price for a single TB2 unit has been estimated at 5 million US dollars, around one-sixth of the US-built Reaper UAV.[42] Baykar has not stated a price, but has republished on its website several news reports about crowdfunding campaigns launched in 2022 in Europe to buy Bayraktar UAVs for Ukraine, all of them fixing a goal of around US$5–5.5 million for the unit.[43][44]

Operational history

Turkey's counterterrorism operations

 
Bayraktar TB2 loaded with MAM-L

The Turkish military's use of the TB2 gained prominence in counterinsurgency operations against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and People's Protection Units (YPG) militants positions across the border in Iraq and Syria.[8][9][10][11]

On 30 June 2018, one Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB2 crashed due to technical problems in Hatay province, Turkey.[45][46]

On 15 August 2018, Turkish Land Forces successfully used Bayraktar TB2 in a joint cross-border operation of the Turkish Armed Forces and the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey to kill the senior (PKK) leader and board member of the Kurdistan Communities Union İsmail Özden in Sinjar District, northwestern Iraq.[47]

Turkish military used combined UAV and artillery tactics in Syria against the PKK-linked YPG. According to Turkey the number of militant killed or wounded rose to 449 by use of armed TB2 and 680 were indirectly in operations assisted by air support from the UAV.[8]

On 16 May 2021, one Bayraktar TB2 crashed in Zebari, Northern Iraq, Kurdish militants claimed they shot down the drone.[48]

Libya

In June 2019, international news media reported that Libya's UN-recognized[49] Government of National Accord (GNA) used Bayraktar TB2s to strike an airbase held by General Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA). Despite the UN embargo on Libya's ongoing civil war, it is suspected that at least 3 Bayraktar TB2 UCAV were being used over Tripoli by the GNA government forces. On 6 June 2019, two GNA TB2 drones are destroyed along an operation room by LNA attacks on Mitiga Airport.[50][51] Video evidence showed at least one TB2 flying over Tripoli[52] about to land at Mitiga's Military section, under control of GNA-allied forces.

  • On 14 May 2019, a GNA TB2 is destroyed by LNA defenses in Al -Jufra area.[53][54]
  • On 6 June 2019, two GNA TB2s are destroyed along an operation room by LNA attacks on Mitiga Airport.[50][51]
  • On 30 June 2019, a TB2 is destroyed by LNA defenses.[55][50]
  • On 25 July 2019, two LNA Ilyushin Il-76TD cargo planes are destroyed on the ground in al-Jufra Air base by an attack made by TB2 drones.[56] A GNA TB2 is shot down near al-Jufra airbase during the same attack.[57]
  • On 14 December 2019, a GNA TB2 is shot down in Ain Zara, Tripoli.[58][59]
  • On 2 January 2020, a GNA TB2 is shot down south of Mitiga Airport, Tripoli.[60][59]
  • On 22 January 2020, a TB2 drone, T92 with GNA markings is shot down by LNA forces after taking off from Mitiga International Airport.[61][59]
  • On 25 February 2020, the LNA shoot down a GNA TB2, providing a video of the wreck.[62][63]
  • On 26 February 2020, the LNA shoot down another GNA TB2, providing video of the wreck.[63][64]
  • On 31 March 2020, the LNA shot down two GNA TB2 drones near Tripoli;[65] one in Misrata Air College and another in Al-Tawaisha.[66]
  • On 5 April 2020, a GNA TB2 is shot down by LNA forces in Alwashka, Libya.[59]
  • On 11 April 2020, a GNA TB2 is shot down in Tarhuna.[67][59]
  • On 13 April 2020, a GNA TB2 serial number T94 is shot down near Mitiga airport by LNA forces.[68]
  • On 16 April 2020, a GNA TB2 was shot down near Tarhuna.[69]
  • On 17 April 2020, two GNA TB2 drones are shot down; one with tail number T95 near Bani Walid[70][71] and another in the South near Wadi dinar.[72]
  • On 18 April 2020, a GNA TB2 is shot down by LNA forces south of Tripoli.[73][74]
  • On 2 May 2020, a GNA TB2 is destroyed at Arada, near Mitiga Airport, downed by LNA forces.[75][59]
  • On 12 May 2020, a GNA TB2 is shot down near Ash Shwayrif, Tripoli.[76][59]
  • On 21 May 2020, Libyan National Army's Pantsir missile system shot down two GNA drones; one TAI Anka drone near Tarhuna city[77] and one TB2 near Jebel Sherif.[78]
  • On 7 June 2020, a GNA TB2 was shot down by LNA forces near Sirte.[59]
  • 8 June 2020, a GNA TB2 was shot down by LNA forces as it attempted to bomb LNA forces in Sirte.[79][59]
  • By 1 July 2020, at least 16 TB2 drones were reported shot down or lost on Libya during six months of fighting[80] and 23 were reported lost since LNA offensive in Western Libya that began in April 2019.[65]

Syria

See also: Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War and List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Syrian Civil War

In March 2020 Bayraktar TB2s, Anka-S UAVs, and an array of Koral electronic jammers were deployed and extensively used in coordinated action to strike Syrian Army targets on the ground during the Operation Spring Shield launched by Turkey following losses the Turkish forces incurred at the hands of the Russian forces in northwestern Syria at the end of February 2020.[81][82][83] The deployment was assessed by experts to be a success and a tactical game-changer.[84][85][86]

During the week of fighting, Turkish drones took out 73 Syrian armed vehicles.[87] Russian sources said that the Russian-backed Syrian air defences claimed the destruction of seven Bayraktar TB2 UAVs by 5 March 2020.[88] However, there is only visual evidence for three Bayraktar drones being shot down.[89][90][91][92]

On 23 August 2020, another Bayraktar TB2 drone was shot down by Syrian Air Defenses near Kafr Nabl, Idlib after being detected spotting targets for Syrian rebels.[93][94]

On 22 October 2021, Turkey launched a surprise attack using Bayraktar TB2s on the Syrian town of Ayn al-Arab, destroying several vehicles and killing a passenger of a car, a suspected member of a Kurdish rebel group.[95]

In 2022, Turkish drone strikes killed 50 fighters and 10 civilians.[96]

Azerbaijan and 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war

 
Bayraktar TB2 at 2020 Victory Parade in Baku, Azerbaijan

In June 2020, the Defence Minister of Azerbaijan, Zakir Hasanov, announced that Azerbaijan had decided to purchase Bayraktar drones from Turkey.[97] During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Bayraktar TB2s were used against Armed Forces of Armenia with great success.[98] Azerbaijan used TB2s to destroy Armenian artillery, infantry positions and military vehicles, including BM-30 Smerch MLRS, T-72 tanks, BMP-1 and BMP-2 IFVs.[99][100] Nine Osa and Strela-10 air defense systems were also destroyed by Azerbaijani drones, likely TB2s.[99] On 19 October 2020, a Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defenses of the Armenian Army over Nagorno-Karabakh.[101][102] On 8 November 2020, another Azerbaijani Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defense, in southeastern Nagorno-Karabakh.[103]

Ukraine and 2022 Russian invasion

 
A Bayraktar TB2 of the Ukrainian Air Force armed with MAM-L; two ground control stations are in the background

As a part of its military modernization program the Armed Forces of Ukraine purchased 12 Bayraktar TB2s in 2019.[104][105] In January 2019, Baykar signed an agreement with Ukrspetsproject, part of Ukroboronprom, on the purchase of six TB2 and 3 ground control stations worth US$69 million for the Ukrainian army.[106][107] Ukraine received the first batch of the UAVs in March 2019.[108] After successful testing of the aircraft, the Ukrainian Navy placed a separate order for six TB2s, to be delivered in 2021, according to navy officials.[109] Meanwhile, Turkish and Ukrainian officials announced the establishment of a joint venture to produce 48 additional Bayraktar TB2s in Ukraine.[110] The first batch of the Bayraktar TB2 complex was delivered to the Navy in July 2021.[111]

During a Russian military buildup in Crimea and near Ukraine's borders, a TB2 conducted a reconnaissance flight over the Donbas region on 9 April 2021. This was the first operational use of the aircraft by Ukrainian forces within an active conflict zone.[112][113] In October 2021, a TB2 drone was used for the first time in combat during the war, targeting a Russian separatist artillery position, destroying a D-30 howitzer, and halting the bombardment of Ukrainian troops near Hranitne.[114]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, TB2 drones have been used by Ukraine's armed forces against Russian forces and equipment.[115] In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ihnat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones, but we will not stop there".[116] On 2 March, Ukrainian defense minister Oleksii Reznikov announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.[117]

According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones have successfully destroyed on different occasions a Russian command post, military vehicles including tanks, IFVs, different types of trucks, surface-to-air missile systems (including Buk and Tor), self-propelled artillery, multiple rocket launcher (MLRS), howitzers and an electronic warfare system.[115][118][119][120][121] The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains, patrol boats and helicopter.[122][123][124]

On 24 February, the day of invasion, the People's Militia of the Luhansk People's Republic claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.[125] On 27 February, Ukraine's air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the Kherson and Zhytomyr regions.[118]

The chief of Ukraine's air force Lieutenant General Mykola Oleschuk called the UAV system "life-giving".[126] The popularity of the drone in Ukraine led to a song, "Bayraktar" being written about the drone while throwing insults at the Russian army and the invasion.[127][128][129]

Ukrainian drones appear to be equipped with anti-jamming antenna. They appear to use MAM-C glide bombs and MAM-L. Traditional search radars appear to struggle against the TB2 because of its slow speed and size, which give it a low radar cross section. One radar that was destroyed on 7 May appeared to be actively scanning just prior to being supposedly hit. Although this may be helped by reports of Russian units turning off their own radars to reduce their own detection. It also can be deployed within minutes and launched from a normal road.[130]

On 26 February 2022, two TB2 drones were claimed shot down near Schastia.[131] On 17 March 2022, a Bayraktar TB2 was shot down over Kyiv; Russia published images of the drone wreckage.[132] A second TB2 drone was shot down on 29 March 2022, in eastern Ukraine[133][134] On 2 April a third TB-2 drone was shot down.[135][136]

On 12 April 2022, one Bayraktar TB2 was claimed to be shot down by Russian frigate Admiral Essen off the coast of Crimea.[137][138]

On 13 April 2022, Ukrainian sources claimed at least two R-360 Neptune missiles were responsible for the sinking of the Russian cruiser Moskva – causing an explosion on one of the ship's exposed deckside missile tubes. Drones, likely TB2s, were alleged to have helped decoy the cruiser's defences.[139][140]

On 26 and 27 April, three additional TB2 drones were destroyed, two in Kursk Oblast[141][142] and the third in Belgorod Oblast, Russia by a Pantsir-S1.[143][144]

On 1 May, a TB2 drone with registration S51T was shot down in Kursk region, Russia.[145] TB2 losses amounted to seven units confirmed visually.[123]

On 2 May, Bayraktar drones operated by Ukraine attacked and destroyed two Russian Raptor-class patrol boats near Snake Island.[123]

On 7 May, a TB2 drone attacked and destroyed a Russian Mil Mi-8 transport helicopter as it was unloading passengers on Snake Island.[124] In the same deployment, a TB2 drone destroyed a Tor missile launcher on the island, while a second launcher was destroyed as it was being unloaded from a landing craft. This cleared the way for a bombing run by Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27 'Flanker' aircraft against buildings on the island.[121]

On 23 May 2022, the remains of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2, tail number 75 were found in Romanian territorial waters by Romanian authorities. The drone was likely shot down during the Snake Island attacks made by Ukraine in May 2022.[146][147]

On 28 May 2022 Lithuanian citizens fundraised $3.2 million, out of the $5.37 million, to buy a single Bayraktar TB2 drone for Ukraine.[148] On 2 June, Baykar said: "The people of Lithuania have honorably raised funds to buy a Bayraktar TB2 for Ukraine. Upon learning this, Baykar will gift a Bayraktar TB2 to Lithuania free of charge and asks those funds go to Ukraine for humanitarian aid."[149]

From the beginning of the invasion to late June, Ukraine received over 50 TB2s. On 28 June, Defence Minister Oleksii Reznikov announced that Baykar would be devoting all of its capacities to meet the needs of the Ukrainian armed forces, fulfilling its requirement for "dozens more" of the aircraft.[150]

Although at the start of the invasion Ukrainian drones, including the TB2, were able to be used to harass Russian forces, by summer 2022 they had become less effective in this role. The disorganized Russians were initially slow to set up proper air defenses, but once they did Ukrainian UAVs were downed with increasing frequency. In addition to being shot down, electronic warfare is used to jam and disrupt communication links. This may have caused the Ukrainians to scale back TB2 use.[151] On 25 July, a military expert said to the BBC, that the slow speed and medium altitudes of Bayraktar drones made them easy targets for Russian air defenses, and that many were shot down.[152]

In July 2022 Haluk Bayraktar, CEO of Baykar, stated in an interview that his company would never supply Russia with its drones as he supports Ukraine's sovereignty and independence.[153] By late July a TB2 with tail number U139 was reported shot down in Belgorod Oblast, Russia.[154] On 2 August another drone with call sign 409 was shot down in Ukraine.[155] On 2 September 2022, the remains of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 drone were discovered in Kherson.[156] Bayraktar TB2 losses reached 14 units, confirmed visually.[157]

Ethiopia and Tigray

Ethiopian forces have reportedly been using the TB2 against the TPLF in the Tigray War. Satellite images have shown TB2 drones in Harar Meda airbase, and debris of MAM-L guided munition have been found in Tigray.[158][159][160] On 7 January 2022, a drone strike killed nearly 60 civilians and injured dozens more in a camp of internally displaced people in Dedebit in Tigray; the missile used was a MAM-L exclusively used with the TB2 drone.[161]

African insurgencies

Some parts of Africa face attacks by highly mobile bands of Islamist militants, moving through scrubby terrain by motorbike to attack isolated military and civilian targets. This had largely been in the Sahel, but by 2019 had been spreading. Drones provide countries with aerial surveillance capacity to seek and potentially attack insurgents. Buying from Turkey reduces the dependence of Niger and Togo on former colonial power France.[162]

Variants

Bayraktar TB2S

In October 2020, Baykar CTO Selçuk Bayraktar showed the new, improved version of TB2, named TB2S. In Selçuk Bayraktar's Twitter post, the TB2S has a protrusion on its body and an antenna on its nose for satellite communication (SATCOM).[163][164] In the basic model of TB2, communication between the aircraft and the control station was via ground-based antenna. Communication via the TÜRKSAT satellite provides a much bigger control range than the 150–300 km range of the basic model. The satellite communication will also make the TB2S more resistant to the jamming of communication by the enemy.[165] The SATCOM-integrated TB2S made its maiden flight on 4 December 2020.[166]

Operators

 
Map of Bayraktar TB2 operators in blue, potential operators in purple. *Somalia has received a TB2 drone from Turkey

Current operators

Future operators

Specifications (TB2)

 
5-view drawing of Bayraktar TB2 tactical drone in flight configuration. The craft is armed with a MAM-L bomb on an inner and a MAM-C bomb on an outer stb. hardpoint.
 
UMTAS missile used with TB2[213]

Specifications for the Bayraktar TB2 (not TB2S) from Baykar Defence.[214]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 0 on board, 3 per ground control station
  • Length: 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)
  • Wing span: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
  • Max. take-off mass: 700 kg (1,500 lb)
  • Payload: 150 kg (330 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912-iS internal combustion engine with injection
  • Propeller: 2-bladed variable-pitch
  • Fuel capacity: 300 litres (79 US gal)
  • Fuel type: gasoline (petrol)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 120 knots (220 km/h)
  • Cruise speed: 70 knots (130 km/h)
  • Range: up to 4,000 km (2,200 nmi)[215]
  • Communication range: line-of-sight propagation, < 300 kilometres (190 mi)
  • Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,600 m)
  • Operational altitude: 18,000 ft (5,500 m)
  • Endurance: 27 hours[215]

Armaments

 
The Smart Micro Munition (MAM-L) and behind it MAM-C high explosive variant

Avionics

  • Interchangeable EO/IR/LD imaging and targeting sensor systems or Multi Mode AESA Radar:
  • Garmin GNC 255A navigation/communication transceiver[229]

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bayraktar TB2.
  • Turkey breaks national record for longest drone flight
  • Baykar Aerospace Industries 17 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  • Baykar Research Activities Documentary Video
  • Bayraktar Block B Preliminary Design Review Documentary / May 2012
  • Bayraktar Block B Maiden Flight / 29 April 2014
  • Bayraktar Block B Endurance Record Flight / 5–6 August 2014
  • Bayraktar Block B Altitude Record Flight / 14 June 2014

January 07, 2023
baykar, bayraktar, bayraktar, medium, altitude, long, endurance, male, unmanned, combat, aerial, vehicle, ucav, capable, remotely, controlled, autonomous, flight, operations, manufactured, turkish, company, baykar, makina, sanayi, ticaret, primarily, turkish, . The Bayraktar TB2 is a medium altitude long endurance MALE unmanned combat aerial vehicle UCAV capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations It is manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret A S primarily for the Turkish Armed Forces 3 The aircraft are monitored and controlled by an aircrew in a ground control station including weapons employment The development of the UAV has been largely credited to Selcuk Bayraktar a former MIT graduate student 4 Bayraktar TB2Bayraktar TB2 of the Turkish Air ForceRole Unmanned combat aerial vehicleNational origin TurkeyManufacturer BaykarFirst flight August 2014 8 years ago 2014 08 Status In servicePrimary users TurkeySee OperatorsNumber built 300 1 2 Developed from Baykar Bayraktar TB1Developed into Baykar Bayraktar TB3By November 2021 the TB2 drone had completed 400 000 flight hours globally 5 2 The largest operator of TB2 drones is the Turkish military but an export model has been sold to the militaries of a number of other countries 6 7 Turkey has used the drone extensively in strikes on Kurdistan Workers Party PKK and People s Protection Units YPG targets in Iraq and Syria 8 9 10 11 Bayraktar drones were later deployed by a number of other nations around the world in various wars such as by Azerbaijan in the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war by the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 12 13 as well as by the Ethiopian National Defense Force during the Tigray War 14 15 16 Contents 1 Development 1 1 Components and technologies 2 Characteristics 2 1 Design 2 2 Configuration 2 3 Digital flight control system 2 4 Price 3 Operational history 3 1 Turkey s counterterrorism operations 3 2 Libya 3 3 Syria 3 4 Azerbaijan and 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war 3 5 Ukraine and 2022 Russian invasion 3 6 Ethiopia and Tigray 3 7 African insurgencies 4 Variants 4 1 Bayraktar TB2S 5 Operators 5 1 Current operators 5 2 Future operators 6 Specifications TB2 6 1 General characteristics 6 2 Performance 6 3 Armaments 6 4 Avionics 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksDevelopment Bayraktar TB2 technical specifications in Turkish The development of the Bayraktar TB2 had been spurred by a U S ban on exports of armed unmanned aircraft to Turkey due to concerns they would be used against PKK groups inside and outside Turkey 11 Baykar started developing a new combat tactical aerial vehicle system at the request of the Presidency of Defense Industries after the experiences of its first tactical UAV the Bayraktar Caldiran or Bayraktar TB1 delivered to the Turkish army in 2011 17 The Bayraktar TB2 made its maiden flight in August 2014 18 On 18 December 2015 a video was published of a test firing of a missile from the Bayraktar TB2 a result of a collaboration with Roketsan Roketsan s MAM and TUBITAK SAGE s BOZOK laser guided bombs were tested for the first time 19 20 21 22 excessive citations Components and technologies The aircraft previously relied on imported and regulated components and technologies such as Rotax 912 engines 23 manufactured in Austria and optoelectronics FLIR sensors imported from Wescam in Canada or Hensoldt from Germany Bombardier Recreational Products owner of Rotax suspended delivery of their engines to certain countries in October 2020 after becoming aware of their military use despite being certified for civil use only 23 24 According to British newspaper The Guardian the arming of the Bayraktar TB2 would not have been possible without the help of the UK Hornet micro munitions bomb rack by EDO MBM Technology Ltd The bomb rack was provided to Turkey in 2015 and a variant of it was integrated into the aircraft by EDO MBM and Roketsan 25 In response to The Guardian newspaper article Baykar Chief Technical Officer Selcuk Bayraktar denied that the bomb rack came from the UK We are not buying it from you we never did It not only does not work under any circumstances but is also very expensive Bayraktar said on Twitter We have designed and manufactured a more advanced and cost effective one ourselves 26 On 19 August 2020 the UK Department for International Trade DIT disclosed details of a six year history of exports of the Hornet bomb rack to Turkey between 2014 and 2020 suggesting that supply of the critical technology to Turkey had continued well beyond the development stage of the Bayraktar TB2 and right up to the publication of the Guardian story in November 2019 18 Standard Individual Export Licence SIEL applications were submitted by EDO MBM Technology between 2014 and 2020 for exports of goods related to Hornet Bomb Racks Hornet Missile Launchers for end users in Turkey Of these 16 of the licences were granted 27 In October 2020 the use of the Canadian Wescam MX 15D system in the drone was disclosed after Armenian officials claimed that remains of a MX 15D system had been recovered from a downed TB2 drone during the nation s conflict with Azerbaijan That triggered the stopping of MX 15D exports to Turkey while an investigation by Global Affairs Canada evaluates the use of Canadian technology in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict 28 29 30 Turkish industry responded to foreign sales boycotts by announcing provision of domestically manufactured alternatives including TEI PD170 engine manufactured by TEI 31 32 fuel valves and the CATS FLIR system manufactured by Aselsan 33 Integration tests with that system started on 6 November 2020 34 Turkish defense industry researcher Kadir Dogan tweeted that cancellation of sales of components to Baykar by foreign companies did not pose a major problem and that as of January 2021 all of those components have been replaced by locally manufactured alternatives 35 However the majority of Baykar s customers including Ukraine Poland Morocco and Kuwait declined to purchase the Aselsan CATS electro optical turret and opted to order the Wescam MX 15D through an authorized distributor 36 Reasons include a weight increase from 45 to 61 kg 99 to 134 lb general performance and compatibility with existing fleet 36 CharacteristicsThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Baykar Bayraktar TB2 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Design Bayraktar TB2 first trial flights The Bayraktar TB2 platform has a blended wing body design with an inverted V tail structure Thrust is generated by a variable pitch two blade propeller in pusher configuration The propeller is mounted between the tail booms and driven by an internal combustion engine located in the body The monocoque platform is modular with detachable main items such as wing tail boom and V tails Fuselage pieces are made mostly of carbon fiber composite with machined aluminum parts at joints Fuel is stored within bladder tanks and fuel consumption is balanced with solenoid valves The ground control station GCS is based on a NATO spec shelter unit which is equipped with cross redundant command and control systems The mobile unit supports three personnel pilot payload operator and mission commander The GCS is equipped with redundant air conditioners and nuclear biological and chemical filtration NBC filtering unit All hardware inside the shelter is placed inside racked cabinets Each operator has dual screens in front along with the operator interface software used for real time command control and monitoring 37 While the Turkish Armed Forces describes Bayraktar TB2 as Tactical UAV Class to prevent it from being a competitor to the TAI Anka UAV international standards would classify it as a medium altitude long endurance UAV 38 39 Configuration Bayraktar TB2 Ground Control Station System Bayraktar ground control station on a mobile platform Each TB2 is configured with six aerial vehicle platforms clarification needed two ground control stations three ground data terminals GDT two remote video terminals RVT and ground support equipment citation needed Each aerial platform is equipped with a triply redundant avionics system Its ground control system s cross redundant architecture allows for pilot payload operator and mission commander to command control and monitor the platform 40 Digital flight control system The TB2 has a triple redundant flight control system with autonomous taxi takeoff cruise landing and parking capability The computerized flight control system is the primary component conducting sensor fusion algorithms with the real time sensor data Mission specific controls are handled through the mission control computer system The aerial platform is guided through various redundant rotary and linear servo actuators All of the main airborne avionics equipment software and hardware are under constant development 41 The electronic power supply that powers the onboard systems is supported with triple alternators and balanced smart lithium ion battery units A ruggedized heated camera unit is placed in the tail section of the platform to monitor flight and all payload and telemetry data are recorded to the airborne data recorder The redundancy architecture of the avionics supports autonomous emergency landings on different airfields if necessary Sensor fusion algorithms including an inertial navigation system allow navigation and auto landing even with loss of global positioning signals 41 Price The price for a single TB2 unit has been estimated at 5 million US dollars around one sixth of the US built Reaper UAV 42 Baykar has not stated a price but has republished on its website several news reports about crowdfunding campaigns launched in 2022 in Europe to buy Bayraktar UAVs for Ukraine all of them fixing a goal of around US 5 5 5 million for the unit 43 44 Operational historyTurkey s counterterrorism operations Bayraktar TB2 loaded with MAM L The Turkish military s use of the TB2 gained prominence in counterinsurgency operations against the Kurdistan Workers Party PKK and People s Protection Units YPG militants positions across the border in Iraq and Syria 8 9 10 11 On 30 June 2018 one Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB2 crashed due to technical problems in Hatay province Turkey 45 46 On 15 August 2018 Turkish Land Forces successfully used Bayraktar TB2 in a joint cross border operation of the Turkish Armed Forces and the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey to kill the senior PKK leader and board member of the Kurdistan Communities Union Ismail Ozden in Sinjar District northwestern Iraq 47 Turkish military used combined UAV and artillery tactics in Syria against the PKK linked YPG According to Turkey the number of militant killed or wounded rose to 449 by use of armed TB2 and 680 were indirectly in operations assisted by air support from the UAV 8 On 16 May 2021 one Bayraktar TB2 crashed in Zebari Northern Iraq Kurdish militants claimed they shot down the drone 48 Libya In June 2019 international news media reported that Libya s UN recognized 49 Government of National Accord GNA used Bayraktar TB2s to strike an airbase held by General Haftar s Libyan National Army LNA Despite the UN embargo on Libya s ongoing civil war it is suspected that at least 3 Bayraktar TB2 UCAV were being used over Tripoli by the GNA government forces On 6 June 2019 two GNA TB2 drones are destroyed along an operation room by LNA attacks on Mitiga Airport 50 51 Video evidence showed at least one TB2 flying over Tripoli 52 about to land at Mitiga s Military section under control of GNA allied forces On 14 May 2019 a GNA TB2 is destroyed by LNA defenses in Al Jufra area 53 54 On 6 June 2019 two GNA TB2s are destroyed along an operation room by LNA attacks on Mitiga Airport 50 51 On 30 June 2019 a TB2 is destroyed by LNA defenses 55 50 On 25 July 2019 two LNA Ilyushin Il 76TD cargo planes are destroyed on the ground in al Jufra Air base by an attack made by TB2 drones 56 A GNA TB2 is shot down near al Jufra airbase during the same attack 57 On 14 December 2019 a GNA TB2 is shot down in Ain Zara Tripoli 58 59 On 2 January 2020 a GNA TB2 is shot down south of Mitiga Airport Tripoli 60 59 On 22 January 2020 a TB2 drone T92 with GNA markings is shot down by LNA forces after taking off from Mitiga International Airport 61 59 On 25 February 2020 the LNA shoot down a GNA TB2 providing a video of the wreck 62 63 On 26 February 2020 the LNA shoot down another GNA TB2 providing video of the wreck 63 64 On 31 March 2020 the LNA shot down two GNA TB2 drones near Tripoli 65 one in Misrata Air College and another in Al Tawaisha 66 On 5 April 2020 a GNA TB2 is shot down by LNA forces in Alwashka Libya 59 On 11 April 2020 a GNA TB2 is shot down in Tarhuna 67 59 On 13 April 2020 a GNA TB2 serial number T94 is shot down near Mitiga airport by LNA forces 68 On 16 April 2020 a GNA TB2 was shot down near Tarhuna 69 On 17 April 2020 two GNA TB2 drones are shot down one with tail number T95 near Bani Walid 70 71 and another in the South near Wadi dinar 72 On 18 April 2020 a GNA TB2 is shot down by LNA forces south of Tripoli 73 74 On 2 May 2020 a GNA TB2 is destroyed at Arada near Mitiga Airport downed by LNA forces 75 59 On 12 May 2020 a GNA TB2 is shot down near Ash Shwayrif Tripoli 76 59 On 21 May 2020 Libyan National Army s Pantsir missile system shot down two GNA drones one TAI Anka drone near Tarhuna city 77 and one TB2 near Jebel Sherif 78 On 7 June 2020 a GNA TB2 was shot down by LNA forces near Sirte 59 8 June 2020 a GNA TB2 was shot down by LNA forces as it attempted to bomb LNA forces in Sirte 79 59 By 1 July 2020 at least 16 TB2 drones were reported shot down or lost on Libya during six months of fighting 80 and 23 were reported lost since LNA offensive in Western Libya that began in April 2019 65 Syria See also Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War and List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Syrian Civil War In March 2020 Bayraktar TB2s Anka S UAVs and an array of Koral electronic jammers were deployed and extensively used in coordinated action to strike Syrian Army targets on the ground during the Operation Spring Shield launched by Turkey following losses the Turkish forces incurred at the hands of the Russian forces in northwestern Syria at the end of February 2020 81 82 83 The deployment was assessed by experts to be a success and a tactical game changer 84 85 86 During the week of fighting Turkish drones took out 73 Syrian armed vehicles 87 Russian sources said that the Russian backed Syrian air defences claimed the destruction of seven Bayraktar TB2 UAVs by 5 March 2020 88 However there is only visual evidence for three Bayraktar drones being shot down 89 90 91 92 On 23 August 2020 another Bayraktar TB2 drone was shot down by Syrian Air Defenses near Kafr Nabl Idlib after being detected spotting targets for Syrian rebels 93 94 On 22 October 2021 Turkey launched a surprise attack using Bayraktar TB2s on the Syrian town of Ayn al Arab destroying several vehicles and killing a passenger of a car a suspected member of a Kurdish rebel group 95 In 2022 Turkish drone strikes killed 50 fighters and 10 civilians 96 Azerbaijan and 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war Bayraktar TB2 at 2020 Victory Parade in Baku Azerbaijan In June 2020 the Defence Minister of Azerbaijan Zakir Hasanov announced that Azerbaijan had decided to purchase Bayraktar drones from Turkey 97 During the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war Bayraktar TB2s were used against Armed Forces of Armenia with great success 98 Azerbaijan used TB2s to destroy Armenian artillery infantry positions and military vehicles including BM 30 Smerch MLRS T 72 tanks BMP 1 and BMP 2 IFVs 99 100 Nine Osa and Strela 10 air defense systems were also destroyed by Azerbaijani drones likely TB2s 99 On 19 October 2020 a Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defenses of the Armenian Army over Nagorno Karabakh 101 102 On 8 November 2020 another Azerbaijani Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defense in southeastern Nagorno Karabakh 103 Ukraine and 2022 Russian invasion A Bayraktar TB2 of the Ukrainian Air Force armed with MAM L two ground control stations are in the background As a part of its military modernization program the Armed Forces of Ukraine purchased 12 Bayraktar TB2s in 2019 104 105 In January 2019 Baykar signed an agreement with Ukrspetsproject part of Ukroboronprom on the purchase of six TB2 and 3 ground control stations worth US 69 million for the Ukrainian army 106 107 Ukraine received the first batch of the UAVs in March 2019 108 After successful testing of the aircraft the Ukrainian Navy placed a separate order for six TB2s to be delivered in 2021 according to navy officials 109 Meanwhile Turkish and Ukrainian officials announced the establishment of a joint venture to produce 48 additional Bayraktar TB2s in Ukraine 110 The first batch of the Bayraktar TB2 complex was delivered to the Navy in July 2021 111 During a Russian military buildup in Crimea and near Ukraine s borders a TB2 conducted a reconnaissance flight over the Donbas region on 9 April 2021 This was the first operational use of the aircraft by Ukrainian forces within an active conflict zone 112 113 In October 2021 a TB2 drone was used for the first time in combat during the war targeting a Russian separatist artillery position destroying a D 30 howitzer and halting the bombardment of Ukrainian troops near Hranitne 114 During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine TB2 drones have been used by Ukraine s armed forces against Russian forces and equipment 115 In January prior to the invasion the spokesperson for the air force command Lt Col Yuri Ihnat confirmed that Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones but we will not stop there 116 On 2 March Ukrainian defense minister Oleksii Reznikov announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones 117 According to video footage released by the armed forces TB2 drones have successfully destroyed on different occasions a Russian command post military vehicles including tanks IFVs different types of trucks surface to air missile systems including Buk and Tor self propelled artillery multiple rocket launcher MLRS howitzers and an electronic warfare system 115 118 119 120 121 The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains patrol boats and helicopter 122 123 124 On 24 February the day of invasion the People s Militia of the Luhansk People s Republic claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk 125 On 27 February Ukraine s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the Kherson and Zhytomyr regions 118 The chief of Ukraine s air force Lieutenant General Mykola Oleschuk called the UAV system life giving 126 The popularity of the drone in Ukraine led to a song Bayraktar being written about the drone while throwing insults at the Russian army and the invasion 127 128 129 Ukrainian drones appear to be equipped with anti jamming antenna They appear to use MAM C glide bombs and MAM L Traditional search radars appear to struggle against the TB2 because of its slow speed and size which give it a low radar cross section One radar that was destroyed on 7 May appeared to be actively scanning just prior to being supposedly hit Although this may be helped by reports of Russian units turning off their own radars to reduce their own detection It also can be deployed within minutes and launched from a normal road 130 On 26 February 2022 two TB2 drones were claimed shot down near Schastia 131 On 17 March 2022 a Bayraktar TB2 was shot down over Kyiv Russia published images of the drone wreckage 132 A second TB2 drone was shot down on 29 March 2022 in eastern Ukraine 133 134 On 2 April a third TB 2 drone was shot down 135 136 On 12 April 2022 one Bayraktar TB2 was claimed to be shot down by Russian frigate Admiral Essen off the coast of Crimea 137 138 On 13 April 2022 Ukrainian sources claimed at least two R 360 Neptune missiles were responsible for the sinking of the Russian cruiser Moskva causing an explosion on one of the ship s exposed deckside missile tubes Drones likely TB2s were alleged to have helped decoy the cruiser s defences 139 140 On 26 and 27 April three additional TB2 drones were destroyed two in Kursk Oblast 141 142 and the third in Belgorod Oblast Russia by a Pantsir S1 143 144 On 1 May a TB2 drone with registration S51T was shot down in Kursk region Russia 145 TB2 losses amounted to seven units confirmed visually 123 On 2 May Bayraktar drones operated by Ukraine attacked and destroyed two Russian Raptor class patrol boats near Snake Island 123 On 7 May a TB2 drone attacked and destroyed a Russian Mil Mi 8 transport helicopter as it was unloading passengers on Snake Island 124 In the same deployment a TB2 drone destroyed a Tor missile launcher on the island while a second launcher was destroyed as it was being unloaded from a landing craft This cleared the way for a bombing run by Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su 27 Flanker aircraft against buildings on the island 121 On 23 May 2022 the remains of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 tail number 75 were found in Romanian territorial waters by Romanian authorities The drone was likely shot down during the Snake Island attacks made by Ukraine in May 2022 146 147 On 28 May 2022 Lithuanian citizens fundraised 3 2 million out of the 5 37 million to buy a single Bayraktar TB2 drone for Ukraine 148 On 2 June Baykar said The people of Lithuania have honorably raised funds to buy a Bayraktar TB2 for Ukraine Upon learning this Baykar will gift a Bayraktar TB2 to Lithuania free of charge and asks those funds go to Ukraine for humanitarian aid 149 From the beginning of the invasion to late June Ukraine received over 50 TB2s On 28 June Defence Minister Oleksii Reznikov announced that Baykar would be devoting all of its capacities to meet the needs of the Ukrainian armed forces fulfilling its requirement for dozens more of the aircraft 150 Although at the start of the invasion Ukrainian drones including the TB2 were able to be used to harass Russian forces by summer 2022 they had become less effective in this role The disorganized Russians were initially slow to set up proper air defenses but once they did Ukrainian UAVs were downed with increasing frequency In addition to being shot down electronic warfare is used to jam and disrupt communication links This may have caused the Ukrainians to scale back TB2 use 151 On 25 July a military expert said to the BBC that the slow speed and medium altitudes of Bayraktar drones made them easy targets for Russian air defenses and that many were shot down 152 In July 2022 Haluk Bayraktar CEO of Baykar stated in an interview that his company would never supply Russia with its drones as he supports Ukraine s sovereignty and independence 153 By late July a TB2 with tail number U139 was reported shot down in Belgorod Oblast Russia 154 On 2 August another drone with call sign 409 was shot down in Ukraine 155 On 2 September 2022 the remains of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 drone were discovered in Kherson 156 Bayraktar TB2 losses reached 14 units confirmed visually 157 Ethiopia and Tigray Ethiopian forces have reportedly been using the TB2 against the TPLF in the Tigray War Satellite images have shown TB2 drones in Harar Meda airbase and debris of MAM L guided munition have been found in Tigray 158 159 160 On 7 January 2022 a drone strike killed nearly 60 civilians and injured dozens more in a camp of internally displaced people in Dedebit in Tigray the missile used was a MAM L exclusively used with the TB2 drone 161 African insurgencies Some parts of Africa face attacks by highly mobile bands of Islamist militants moving through scrubby terrain by motorbike to attack isolated military and civilian targets This had largely been in the Sahel but by 2019 had been spreading Drones provide countries with aerial surveillance capacity to seek and potentially attack insurgents Buying from Turkey reduces the dependence of Niger and Togo on former colonial power France 162 VariantsBayraktar TB2S In October 2020 Baykar CTO Selcuk Bayraktar showed the new improved version of TB2 named TB2S In Selcuk Bayraktar s Twitter post the TB2S has a protrusion on its body and an antenna on its nose for satellite communication SATCOM 163 164 In the basic model of TB2 communication between the aircraft and the control station was via ground based antenna Communication via the TURKSAT satellite provides a much bigger control range than the 150 300 km range of the basic model The satellite communication will also make the TB2S more resistant to the jamming of communication by the enemy 165 The SATCOM integrated TB2S made its maiden flight on 4 December 2020 166 Operators Map of Bayraktar TB2 operators in blue potential operators in purple Somalia has received a TB2 drone from Turkey Current operators Turkey 2014 167 Turkish Land Forces 200 operational 168 Turkish Naval Forces 10 TB2s 169 170 Gendarmerie General Command 18 units used by Elazig Gendarmerie UAV command 171 172 Coast Guard Command 6 TB2s 173 General Directorate of Security Police Under Aviation Department 6 TB 2s entered the inventory in 2019 another 3 TB2s entered in 2020 and 3 more in 2022 174 175 176 177 Turkish National Intelligence Organization 178 179 Qatar 2019 167 Reconnaissance and Surveillance Center 6 operational 180 Libya 2019 167 Libyan Air Force 181 Ukraine 2019 167 Ukrainian Air Force 6 operational and 48 more have been ordered as of 2020 182 108 107 It is unknown how many systems are still in operation Ukrainian Navy 6 have been ordered the first drone arrived in July 2021 111 183 184 Four more are intended to be purchased by the end of 2022 185 It is unknown how many systems are still in operation Azerbaijan 2020 167 Azerbaijani Air Force had confirmed its use 99 Turkmenistan 2021 167 Turkmen Air Force 186 Morocco 2021 167 Moroccan Air Force 19 drones have been ordered 187 188 189 Received first TB2 on 21 September 2021 190 Ethiopia 2021 167 Ethiopian Air Force 4 ordered in August 2021 delivered in November 2021 191 192 193 194 Kyrgyzstan 2021 167 State Border Guard Service Ordered 3 units Deliveries started 195 196 197 Somalia 2021 198 Somali Air Force 199 Pakistan 2022 167 Pakistan Air Force Unknown number in service Evaluated in mid 2021 with operations starting in early 2022 200 201 Djibouti 2022 167 Djibouti Air Force 202 Burkina Faso 2022 167 Air Force 167 Rwanda 2022 167 Air Force 167 Togo 2022 167 Air Force 162 Niger 2022 167 Niger Air Force 6 units delivered as of May 2022 203 204 Nigeria 2022 167 Air Force 167 Poland 2022 167 Polish Air Force 24 drones were ordered in 2021 making Poland the first NATO and EU country to buy the drones 205 The first batch of aircraft has delivered in 2022 206 Mali 2022 Malian Air Force at least three delivered 207 Future operators Romania Unknown 167 Romanian Land Forces The Romanian Ministry of National Defence requested the purchase approval of 3 Bayraktar TB2 systems consisting of 6 drones each 18 in total The purchased drones are intended to serve with the Land Forces The total cost is estimated to be around 300 million including the support package 208 Iraq 167 Iraqi Armed Forces In an Iraqi TV broadcast the Iraqi defense minister announced that Iraq will soon acquire TB2 drones and T129 ATAK helicopters 8 drones have been ordered 209 210 211 Albania 167 Albanian Armed Forces In December 2022 Baykar s CEO Haluk Bayraktar signed a contract with the Albanian prime minister Edi Rama to deliver 3 Bayraktar TB2s to the armed forces of Albania in the first stage with options to expand the fleet in future 212 Specifications TB2 5 view drawing of Bayraktar TB2 tactical drone in flight configuration The craft is armed with a MAM L bomb on an inner and a MAM C bomb on an outer stb hardpoint UMTAS missile used with TB2 213 Specifications for the Bayraktar TB2 not TB2S from Baykar Defence 214 General characteristics Crew 0 on board 3 per ground control station Length 6 5 m 21 ft 4 in Wing span 12 m 39 ft 4 in Max take off mass 700 kg 1 500 lb Payload 150 kg 330 lb Powerplant 1 100 hp 75 kW Rotax 912 iS internal combustion engine with injection Propeller 2 bladed variable pitch Fuel capacity 300 litres 79 US gal Fuel type gasoline petrol Performance Maximum speed 120 knots 220 km h Cruise speed 70 knots 130 km h Range up to 4 000 km 2 200 nmi 215 Communication range line of sight propagation lt 300 kilometres 190 mi Service ceiling 25 000 ft 7 600 m Operational altitude 18 000 ft 5 500 m Endurance 27 hours 215 Armaments The Smart Micro Munition MAM L and behind it MAM C high explosive variant Hardpoints four hardpoints with provisions to carry combinations of MAM MAM C and MAM L laser guided smart bombs 216 217 218 L UMTAS Long Range Anti tank Missile System 219 Roketsan Cirit 70 mm Missile System 220 TUBITAK SAGE BOZOK Laser Guided Rockets 221 TUBITAK SAGE TOGAN 222 quad rack of GPS INS guided 81 mm mortars 223 Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System 70mm laser guided rocket proposed 224 Avionics Interchangeable EO IR LD imaging and targeting sensor systems or Multi Mode AESA Radar Aselsan CATS EO IR LD imaging and targeting sensor Option 1 225 226 227 228 Hensoldt ARGOS II HDT Option 2 Wescam MX 15D EO IR LD imaging and targeting sensor Option 3 all production until October 2020 29 Garmin GNC 255A navigation communication transceiver 229 See also Aviation portalList of unmanned aerial vehicles Measurement and signature intelligenceRelated development Bayraktar Akinci Bayraktar Kizilelma Bayraktar Mini UAV Bayraktar UAVAircraft of comparable role configuration and era CAIG Wing Loong General Atomics MQ 1 Predator TAI AnkaRelated lists List of active Turkish military aircraftReferences 300 uncu Bayraktar TB2 goklerde Savunma Sanayi Turkish Defence Industry in Turkish 5 March 2022 a b Bayraktar TB2 SIHA dan 400 bin ucus saati TRT Haber in Turkish 26 November 2021 Bayraktar TB2 Military Factory Retrieved 5 January 2020 Baykar Insansiz Hava Araci Sistemleri Selcuk Bayraktar Baykarsavunma com Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 8 June 2020 BAYKAR BaykarTech 26 November 2021 BayraktarTB2 UAV has successfully completed 400 000 flight hours Tweet Retrieved 26 November 2021 via Twitter How drones are changing the game Israel National News 11 January 2022 Retrieved 11 January 2022 Droning On in the Middle East American Purpose 5 April 2021 Retrieved 26 April 2021 a b c Turkey s Bayraktar TB2 drones enable swift precise victory against YPG PKK in Syria s Afrin Daily Sabah 19 April 2018 Retrieved 28 October 2020 a b Gatopoulos Alex 2 March 2020 Syria s War News Battle for Idlib Turkey s drones and a new way of war Al Jazeera Retrieved 25 August 2022 a b Crino Scott Dreby Andy 16 April 2020 Turkey s Drone War in Syria A Red Team View Small Wars Journal a b c Revealed how UK technology fuelled Turkey s rise to global drone power The Guardian 27 November 2019 Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict Business Insider 28 February 2022 Gatopoulos Alex The Nagorno Karabakh conflict is ushering in a new age of warfare aljazeera com Retrieved 3 March 2022 Turkish Drones Join Ethiopia s war Satellite Imagery Confirms Peace Organization PAX paxforpeace nl Retrieved 3 September 2022 Bearak Max Kelly Meg Lee Joyce Sohyun How Ethiopia used a Turkish drone in a strike that killed nearly 60 civilians Washington Post Retrieved 3 September 2022 Ethiopia Shows Off Combat Drones at Military Ceremony The Defense Post 27 June 2022 Retrieved 3 September 2022 Bayraktar Caldiran UAV PDF E dergi tubitak gov tr Retrieved 12 January 2022 Milli IHA ya yerli fuze takildi Haber7 Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 Youtube Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine May I present to you eventually 100 Turkish manufactured armed UAV Bayraktar TB2 Official video footage of Turkish UCAV tests YouTube Archived from the original on 1 June 2017 Retrieved 18 December 2015 Yerli IHA ilk harekatinda 5 teroristi vurdu 8 September 2016 Archived from the original on 9 September 2016 Bayraktar ilk silahli operasyonunu PKK ya yapti Kokpit Aero 12 September 2016 Archived from the original on 10 September 2016 a b Albert L 28 October 2020 Bombardier Recreational Products suspends aircraft engine exports over UCAV use concerns OVD Overt Defense Retrieved 2 March 2022 Levon Sevunts 25 October 2020 Bombardier Recreational Products suspends delivery of aircraft engines used on military drones CBC Sabbagh Dan McKernan Bethan 27 November 2019 Revealed how UK technology fuelled Turkey s rise to global drone power Theguardian com Turkish drone maker slams Guardian report it used British technology Ahval 28 November 2019 EDO MBM Technology Ltd Export licence end users a Freedom of Information request to Department for International Trade WhatDoTheyKnow 29 June 2020 Sevunts Levon 20 October 2020 Armenia claims it found Canadian tech on downed Turkish drone cbc ca a b Levon Sevunts 5 October 2020 Canada suspends exports of military drone technology to Turkey CBC News Cevheri Guven 17 October 2020 Canadian decision to halt tech exports exposes key weakness in Turkish drone industry Turkish Minute British Andair company stopped supplying parts to Bayraktar TB2 UAVs defenceturk net in Turkish 16 January 2021 Retrieved 3 March 2022 Aksan Sertac 30 October 2020 The new actor of the skies will come with a domestic engine TRT Haber in Turkish Retrieved 3 March 2022 Bayraktar TB2 completed shooting tests with ASELSAN CATS domestic optical camera component defenceturk net in Turkish 6 November 2020 Retrieved 3 March 2022 Bayraktar TB2 test fires local ammo using Turkey made electro optical system Daily Sabah 6 November 2020 Replacements for Bayraktar TB2 s halted components can be easily produced defenceturk net in Turkish 15 January 2021 Retrieved 3 March 2022 a b CANADA POLAND TURKEY Aselsan s new sensor ball fails to convince the foreign market 23 02 2022 Intelligence Online 23 February 2022 Retrieved 18 April 2022 Bayraktar s Tactical UAV Demonstrates Outstanding Performance Beyond Its Class Military Science Intelligence Magazine Turkey 1 June 2014 permanent dead link Turkey Steadily Builds UAV Capabilities 13 May 2014 Archived from the original on 18 May 2014 Turkey s unmanned ambitions shift up gear 6 March 2014 Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 Turkey s unmanned ambitions shift up gear 6 March 2014 Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 a b Bayraktar Taktik IHA 8 June 2014 Archived from the original on 12 August 2014 The Turkish Bayraktar TB2 Ankara s Renewed Prominence in the Drone Market FINABEL European Army Interoperability Centre Retrieved 14 August 2021 Norway Canada start fundraising to buy Bayraktar TB2s for Ukraine Baykar Retrieved 18 August 2022 Baykar 3 adet Bayraktar TB2 SIHA yi Ukrayna ya hibe ettigini acikladi Baykar Retrieved 18 August 2022 Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB 2S armed drone crashed in Hatay province 2 July 2018 Hatay da Bayraktar IHA si dustu in Turkish 30 June 2018 3 gun adim adim izlendi son darbeyi SIHA indirdi Gazetevatan in Turkish Retrieved 28 October 2020 Guerrillas shoot down Turkish killer drone Bayraktar TB2 ANFNews As Libya marks 64th independence anniversary UN envoy urges unity behind new Government United Nations 24 December 2015 Archived from the original on 27 January 2016 a b c Letter dated 29 November 2019 from the Panel of Experts on Libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 2011 addressed to the President of the Security Council PDF United Nations Security Council 9 December 2019 p 32 The Panel is aware that two Bayraktar TB2 UCAVs were destroyed by HAF air strikes against the Misrata air academy on 6 and 7 June 2019 with a third shot down by HAF on 30 June 2019 but combat losses have reportedly been much higher a b Libya Drone test laboratory for a new type of air warfare Air amp Cosmos International 15 November 2019 Retrieved 18 March 2021 Libya Turkish made Bayraktar TB2 UAV seen at the GNA held airbase Military Africa Military Africa 11 June 2019 Retrieved 11 June 2019 Letter dated 29 November 2019 from the Panel of Experts onLibya established pursuant to resolution 1973 2011 addressed to the President of the Security Council PDF United Nations Security Council 9 December 2019 p 297 Summary of HAF Bayraktar TB2 UCAV destroyed 14 May 2019 to date 14 May 2019 Confirmed by Imagery VIDEO LNA shoots down a drone of GNA s militias 14 May 2019 Archived from the original on 16 May 2019 Retrieved 18 March 2021 ASN Wikibase Occurrence 226717 The military drone was apparently shot down by LNA aviation safety net 1 July 2019 Libya s deadly game of drones Arabian Aerospace 19 March 2020 Archived from the original on 5 August 2021 On July 25 several Bayraktars were used to attack and subsequently destroy two Ilyushin Il 76 military transport aircraft operated by Ukraine s Air Europe airfreight company at Al Jufra Air Base A hangar was also destroyed at the base which was being used as a key staging post for supporters of General Haftar s LNA Letter dated 29 November 2019 from the Panel of Experts onLibya established pursuant to resolution 1973 2011 addressed to the President of the Security Council PDF United Nations Security Council 9 December 2019 p 297 Summary of HAF Bayraktar TB2 UCAV destroyed 14 May 2019 to date 25 July 2019 Confirmed by Imagery What we know about the drone shot down in Tripoli Italian Military Radar 14 December 2019 Archived from the original on 5 August 2021 a b c d e f g h i Drone Crash Database Dronewars net 25 November 2010 ASN Wikibase Occurrence 231892 Aviation Safety Network 4 January 2020 GNA drone shot down in Tripoli Italian Military Radar 22 January 2020 Libyan Army shoots down Turkish aircraft in southern Tripoli Al Masdar News Archived from the original on 6 October 2021 Retrieved 28 September 2021 a b VIDEO Two GNA drones shot down in Tripoli Italian Military Radar 26 February 2020 New drone shot down south of Tripoli Asharq Al Awsat 27 February 2020 a b LNA Downs Another Turkish Bayraktar Drone Loaded at Mitiga Airbase Almarsad co 31 March 2020 New drone shot down south of Tripoli Italian Military Radar 31 March 2020 Latest Updates on Libya 12 April 2020 Islamic World news 12 April 2020 Aviation Occurrence 235058 Aviation Safety Network 14 April 2020 More Turkish UAVs shot down in Libya ANF News 18 April 2020 Aviation Occurrence 235131 Aviation Safety Network 16 April 2020 Drone Losses Impact Turkey s Fighting in Libya Small Wars Journal smallwarsjournal com Retrieved 28 May 2020 A Turkish drone shot down in Libya Islamic World News Libya the drones nightmare Italian Military Radar 20 April 2020 الجيش الليبي يسقط طائرة تركية مسيرة جنوب طرابلس Sky News Arabia in Arabic 18 April 2020 ASN Wikibase Occurrence 235730 Aviation Safety Network 5 May 2020 ASN Wikibase Occurrence 236038 Aviation Safety Network 15 May 2020 Hot market for UAV destruction in Libya Islamic World News 23 May 2020 Haftar s Pantsir System Shoots Down Libyan Army s Bayraktar TB2 Drone Defenseworld net Retrieved 28 May 2020 Libyan Army shoots down Turkish attack drone near Sirte video Al Masdar News 8 June 2020 Libyan War Claimed 25 Large military Drones in 2020 Defenseworld net 2 July 2020 Damage caused to Assad regime assets demonstrates Turkey s high UAV capabilities dailysabah com 1 March 2020 Turkey s Killer Drone Swarm Poses Syria Air Challenge to Putin Bloomberg News 1 March 2020 Karnozov Vladimir 2 March 2020 Fighter bombers and Anka UAVs Downed as Turkey and Syria Exchange Blows Aviation International News Retrieved 9 March 2020 Ten Hezbollah Syrian Army Commanders Killed in Turkish Drone Strikes defenseworld net 3 March 2020 Gatopoulos Alex 3 March 2020 Battle for Idlib Turkey s drones and a new way of war Al Jazeera Retrieved 9 March 2020 Petkova Mariya 2 March 2020 Turkish drones a game changer in Idlib Al Jazeera Retrieved 9 March 2020 The Syrian Regime s Combat Losses in Spring 2020 and What Lies Ahead Middle East Institute Retrieved 18 October 2020 Tureckaya armiya poteryala desyat dronov nad Idlibom za 3 dnya eadaily com 5 March 2020 Drone Crash Database 1 July 2020 Retrieved 3 November 2020 Two Turkish Air Force Drone Reportedly Shot Down By Syrian Air Defense Over Idlib 3 March 2020 Images of one of the Turkish drones shot down by Syrian Arab Army units in Idleb Syrian Arab News Agency 4 March 2020 Archived from the original on 26 May 2020 Retrieved 4 March 2020 Wreckage Of Turkish Combat Drone Uncovered In Southeast Idlib Photos Archived from the original on 18 March 2020 Retrieved 18 March 2020 SROChNO V Sirii sbit udarnyj bespilotnik koordinirovavshij vrazheskie udary FOTO URGENT An attack drone coordinating enemy strikes was shot down in Syria PHOTOS Rusvezna ru in Russian 23 August 2020 Syrian air defenses shot down a Turkish attack UAV Bayraktar TB2 Avia pro net 24 August 2020 GDC 21 October 2021 Turkish TB2 Drone Strike Killed Kurdish Leader in Syria Global Defense Corp Retrieved 22 October 2021 Death toll update Five people killed in Turkish drone attack and SDF reacts by shelling Turkish positions in Al Raqqa the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 16 September 2022 Anadolu Ajansi Azerbaijan to purchase combat drones from Turkey Retrieved 29 September 2020 Turkish armed drones used against Armenia Azerbaijan confirms Middle East Eye 5 October 2020 Retrieved 11 October 2020 a b c Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan The Drive 28 September 2020 Retrieved 26 October 2020 Bayraktar TB2 Armed UAVs operated by the Azerbaijan Air Force have destroyed 2 more Armenian Smerch MLRS platform Cybershafarat 30 October 2020 Retrieved 1 November 2020 Karabakh displays wreckage of Turkish Bayraktar drone Video Panarmenian 19 October 2020 Տեսնես ինչքա ն Բայրաքթար ունեն ՀՐԱՊԱՐԱԿ 20 October 2020 Karabakh air defense shoots down another Turkey made Bayraktar drone of Azerbaijan photos Armenia News 8 November 2020 Ukraine to buy five more Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones in 2021 Daily Sabah 27 November 2020 Retrieved 19 April 2021 Axe David 9 April 2021 Ukraine Might Field A Drone Strike Force And It Could Knock Out Russian Tanks Forbes Retrieved 19 April 2021 Ukraine signs agreement to procure Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones The Defense Post 12 January 2019 Archived from the original on 15 January 2019 Retrieved 15 January 2019 a b Ukraine Turkey have signed deal for 12 Bayraktar TB2 UAVs Poroshenko says Daily Sabah 12 January 2019 Archived from the original on 13 January 2019 a b Sariibrahimoglu Lale 11 March 2019 Ukraine receives Bayraktar armed UAVs from Turkey Jane s 360 Ankara Archived from the original on 11 March 2019 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Ukrainian Navy to receive Turkey s Bayraktar TB2 UAVs this year Ukrinform net Retrieved 19 April 2021 Ukrainian Navy Will Receive Turkish Bayraktar TB2 Drones This Year Thedefensepost com 28 January 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2021 a b Ukrainian military gets first Turkish Bayraktar UAV complex www ukrinform net Retrieved 27 July 2021 Ukraine flies its first Turkish made armed drone over Donbas Aerotime aero Retrieved 19 April 2021 Ukraine flies first Turkish made strike drone over Donbas Unian info Retrieved 19 April 2021 Ukrainian Military Deploys Turkish made Bayraktar Drone in Donbas Defense World Net 26 October 2021 Retrieved 26 October 2021 a b Ukraine posts videos it says show Bayraktar drones blowing up Russian armor further cementing their heroic status Business Insider 14 March 2022 Archived from the original on 15 March 2022 Retrieved 16 March 2022 Zaman Amberin 27 January 2022 Turkish drones boost Ukrainian spirits amid fears of Russian invasion Al Monitor Retrieved 3 March 2022 Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB 2 drones from Turkey Aero Time Hub 2 March 2022 a b Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict Business Insider 28 February 2022 Ukraine s Secret Weapon Against Russia Turkish Drones Time 1 March 2022 In three days two Bayraktar drones destroy nearly 27 million of Russian hardware Yahoo News 3 September 2022 Archived from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 5 September 2022 a b D Urso Stefano Cenciotti David 10 May 2022 Bayraktar TB2 Videos Show New Wave Of Ukrainian Attacks Against Russian Forces On Snake Island The Aviationist Retrieved 12 May 2022 A cheap drone is giving Ukraine s military an edge against Russia Quartz 3 March 2022 a b c Ukraine Claims TB2 Drones Sunk Russian Patrol Boats Off Snake Island The Drive 2 May 2022 a b Ukrainian TB2 struck Russian Mi 8 just as troops are disembarking bulgarianmilitary com 8 May 2022 Ukraine s Turkish made Bayraktar drones shot down Russia Aero Time Hub 24 February 2022 Ukraine Says It Used Turkish Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets Wall Street Journal 27 February 2022 Kornhaber Spencer 10 March 2022 The Military Weapon That Has Become a Musical Touchstone in Ukraine The Atlantic Retrieved 12 March 2022 Turkish drones have become a symbol of the Ukrainian resistance 11 April 2022 Ukraine Has Written a Folk Song About Its Drone 4 April 2022 Incredible Success Of Ukraine s Bayraktar TB2 The Ghost Of Snake Island 18 May 2022 Tiwari Sakshi 26 February 2022 Zelensky Begs For Peace As Russia Cripples Ukraine Shoots Down Its Most Sophisticated Bayraktar TB2 Drones Reports The EurAsian Times Archived from the original on 9 March 2022 Retrieved 3 April 2022 Russian defense ministry shares photos of downed Ukrainian Bayraktar 17 March 2022 Aviation Safey 276935 Aviation Safety Network 30 March 2022 Russia Has Shot Down A Second TB 2 It s Too Little Too Late To Stop Ukraine s Killer Drones Forbes 31 March 2022 ASN Wikibase Occurrence 277049 Aviation Safety Network 2 April 2022 Axe David 9 April 2022 Russia Just Lost A Killer Drone Over Ukraine It Can t Afford To Lose Many More Forbes At the same time there s photographic evidence that the Ukrainians have shot down at least one of Russia s killer drones Yes the Russians have shot down at least three TB 2s but the Ukrainians can afford to lose more drones Russian frigate Admiral Essen destroys Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 UAV navyrecognition com 12 April 2022 Russia claims its frigate destroyed Ukrainian Bayraktar drone off Crimean coast video navaltoday com 12 April 2022 Henry Holloway and The Sun 15 April 2022 Sneaky way Ukraine distracted Russian warship Moskva news com au Hambling David 14 April 2022 Ukraine s Bayraktar Drone Helped Sink Russian Flagship Moskva forbes com Poyavilis snimki sbityh v Kurskoj oblasti bespilotnikov Bajraktar Vesti in Russian 25 April 2022 V Kurskoj oblasti nashli sbityj Bajraktar s ucelevshej sistemoj upravleniya avia pro in Russian 27 April 2022 V prigranichnom rajone Belgorodskoj oblasti sbili bespilotnik Bajraktar TB2 bel ru in Russian 27 April 2022 The Russians Got Caught Faking A TB 2 Drone Shoot Down Forbes 28 April 2022 ASN Wikibase Occurrence 277801 Aviation Safety Network 1 May 2022 Epava dronei ucrainene din apele Romaniei un Bayraktar TB2 Foarte probabil UAV ul a fost doborat in timpul bătăliei pentru Insula Șerpilor in Romanian 23 May 2022 Imagini cu drona Bayraktar prăbusită la Sulina Ce performanţe are Aderavul in Romanian 23 May 2022 Lithuanians Join Together to Buy Drone for Ukraine 28 May 2022 Turkey s Baykar donates drone for Ukraine after Lithuanian crowdfunder Reuters 2 June 2022 Ukraine conflict Baykar to commit entire Bayraktar production to Ukraine Janes Information Services 30 June 2022 Archived from the original on 16 July 2022 Ukraine s drones are becoming increasingly ineffective as Russia ramps up its electronic warfare and air defenses Business Insider 3 July 2022 Ukrainian Conflict How drones are playing BBC 25 July 2022 We will never supply Russia with drones says Turkish CEO www aljazeera com Retrieved 30 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L munitions released by the weapons manufacturer The MAM L pairs exclusively with the Turkish made TB 2 drone a b Turkey s Bayraktar TB2 drone Why African states are buying them BBC News 25 August 2022 SATCOM lu Bayraktar TB2 ilk kez goruntulendi in Turkish savunmasanayist com 10 November 2020 Archived from the original on 10 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2021 Selcuk Bayraktar Uydu haberlesmesine sahip Bayraktar TB2 S SIHA lar gorevde in Turkish tolgaozbek com 20 February 2021 Archived from the original on 26 February 2021 Retrieved 13 November 2021 Hasan Hiz 11 November 2020 TB2 Bayraktar will be able to fly in every region covered by Turksat Google Translate Yeni Safak Retrieved 1 March 2022 SATCOM entegre edilen Bayraktar TB2S SIHA ucus gerceklestirdi in Turkish defenceturk net 4 December 2020 Archived from the original on 4 December 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Oryx An International Export Success Global Demand For Bayraktar 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com 8 January 2022 PAKISTAN AIR FORCE Officially Deploys TURKISH Bayraktar TB2 Medium Altitude Long Endurance Tactical Combat Drone for Combat Missions PakDefense com 8 January 2022 Niger Djibouti become Africa s latest Bayraktar TB2 operators Key Aero 5 July 2022 Nijer e Bayraktar TB2 SIHA teslimati defenceturk net in Turkish Defence Turk 22 May 2022 Erdogan discusses Turkey Niger relations with Bazoum Daily Sabah 18 November 2021 Poland to become first NATO country to buy Turkish drones Reuters 22 May 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2021 BAL AYSE BETUL 28 October 2022 Poland receives 1st batch of Turkish Bayraktar TB2 combat drones Daily Sabah Retrieved 29 October 2022 Mitzer Stijn Oliemans Joost 16 August 2022 Russia s African Offensive Russia Builds Up Malian Air Force Oryx Blog Retrieved 23 December 2022 Demersuri privind achiziția a trei sisteme de aeronave fără echipaj uman la bord UAS Ministerul Apărării Naționale in Romanian 1 September 2022 Irak tan Bayraktar TB2 T129 ATAK ve EH 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revolutionize Idlib conflict analysis The Jerusalem Post JPost com Retrieved 9 March 2020 Review Asian Military 25 March 2019 Roketsan s Smart Micro Guided Munitions Boost Effectiveness of UAVs Asian Military Review Retrieved 2 March 2020 Eshel Tamir 19 December 2015 Turkish UMTAS Missile Dropped From a Bayraktar Tactical Drone Defense Update defense update com Archived from the original on 13 April 2016 Retrieved 28 April 2016 Cirit 2 75 Laser Guided Missile PDF Roketsan Archived from the original PDF on 18 October 2020 Retrieved 17 October 2020 Bekdil Burak Ege 8 August 2017 Turkey To Outfit Drones with Local Mini Rocket Defense News TURKISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY PRODUCT CATALOGUE Ssb gov tr Archived from the original on 14 April 2021 Retrieved 14 April 2021 Mehmet Fatih 23 January 2020 Asisguard ve Tubitak Sage TOGAN i SONGAR a entegre etti DefenceTurk in Turkish Retrieved 14 April 2021 Hambling David New Weapons From U S Could Rearm Ukraine s Bayraktar Drones Forbes Retrieved 8 April 2022 CATS COMMON APERTURE TARGETING SYSTEM Electro Optical Reconnaissance Surveillance and Targeting System Aselsan com tr Turkish defense industry moving on despite embargoes Anadolu Agency Retrieved 24 October 2020 Wescam satisini durdurdu in Turkish Tolgaozbek 5 October 2020 Retrieved 24 October 2020 SSB Ismail Demir SIHA larimizin CATS kameralari seri uretime geciyor in Turkish Defence Turk 6 October 2020 Retrieved 24 October 2020 Foreign Import of Locally Built Bayraktar TB 2 Turkish Drone Parts www 1lurer am Retrieved 8 April 2022 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bayraktar TB2 Turkey breaks national record for longest drone flight Baykar Aerospace Industries Archived 17 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Baykar Research Activities Documentary Video Bayraktar Block B Technical Brochure Bayraktar Block B Preliminary Design Review Documentary May 2012 Bayraktar Block B Maiden Flight 29 April 2014 Bayraktar Block B Endurance Record Flight 5 6 August 2014 Bayraktar Block B Altitude Record Flight 14 June 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baykar Bayraktar TB2 amp oldid 1129083843, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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