Qatar Armed Forces
The Qatar Armed Forces (Arabic: القوات المسلحة القطرية, romanized: Al-Quwwat Al-Musallahah Al-Qatariyyah) are the military forces of the State of Qatar. Since 2015, Qatar has implemented mandatory military conscription with an average of 2,000 graduates per year.[3] As of 2010, Qatar's defence expenditures added up to a total of $1.913 billion, about 1.5% of the national GDP, according to the SIPRI.[4] Qatar has recently signed defence pacts with the United States in 2002[5] & 2013,[6] with the United Kingdom in 2020 , and with France in 1994.
| Qatar Armed Forces | |
|---|---|
| القوات المسلحة القطرية | |
| Founded | 1971 |
| Service branches | Qatari Emiri Land Force Qatari Emiri Navy Qatar Emiri Air Force Qatar Amiri Guard |
| Headquarters | Doha |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-chief | Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani |
| Prime minister | Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani |
| Minister of State for Defence Affairs | Dr. Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah |
| Chief of Staff | Lieutenant General Salem bin Hamad bin Mohammed bin Aqeel Al Nabit |
| Personnel | |
| Military age | 18 years of age |
| Available for military service | 389,487 males, age 15–49 (2010 est.), 210,00 females, age 15–49 (2010 est.) |
| Fit for military service | 321,974 males, age 15–49 (2010 est.), 140,176 females, age 15–49 (2010 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually | 96,429 males (2010 est.), 75,162 females (2010 est.) |
| Active personnel | 66,550[1]
|
| Reserve personnel | 15,000 |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | US$1.913 billion (2010, no data afterwards)[2] |
| Percent of GDP | 2.5% (2016) |
| Industry | |
| Domestic suppliers | Barzan Holdings |
| Foreign suppliers | Australia Brazil Canada China France Germany Italy Japan South Korea Netherlands Taiwan Turkey United Kingdom United States |
| Related articles | |
| History | Gulf War Libyan Civil War Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Syrian Civil War |
| Ranks | Military ranks of Qatar |
Qatar plays an active role in the collective defense efforts of the Gulf Cooperation Council; the other five members are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the UAE, and Oman. Qatar also hosts the largest American military base in the Middle East and in 2017 inaugurated a military attache office in Washington.[7]
SIPRI states that Qatar's plans to transform and significantly enlarge its armed forces have accelerated in 2014, and in 2010-14 Qatar was the 46th largest arms importer in the world. Orders in 2013 for 562 tanks and 75 self-propelled guns from Germany were followed in 2014 by a number of other contracts, including 34 combat helicopters and 3 AEW aircraft from the US, and 6 tanker aircraft from Spain.[8] As of 2016, Qatar maintains advanced anti air and anti ship capabilities with deliveries of Patriot PAC-3 MSE Batteries,[9] Exocet MM40 Block 3 and Marte ER anti-ship missiles.[10]
History
The armed forces were founded in 1971 after the country gained independence from the United Kingdom.
With a personnel strength of 11,800, Qatar's armed forces are the second-smallest in the Middle East. France has provided approximately 80% of Qatar's arms inventory. Qatar took part in the Gulf War of 1991, with a battalion at the Battle of Khafji.[11] It also hosted the U.S. 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron[12] and the Canadian Air Task Group with 26 CF-18s both at Doha.
Since the Gulf War, Qatar has pursued a limited program of force modernization. Qatar has spent $12 billion to buy MIM-104 Patriot surface to air missiles. In July 2008, the US Defence Security Cooperation Agency announced Qatar's official request for logistics support, training, and associated equipment and services. The total value of the support arrangements could be as high as $400 million.
In March 2011, Qatar announced the participation of its Air Force in the enforcement of the Libyan no-fly zone.[13]
Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
According to Aljazeera news, in December 2016, Qatar deployed 1,000 ground troops in Yemen to fight on behalf of the ousted president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Qatari soldiers, backed by 200 armoured vehicles and 30 Apache helicopters, headed to Yemen's Marib province.[14]
The Armed Forces of Qatar have suffered 4 killed and 2 wounded during their deployment in Yemen.[15]
Military branches
Qatari Emiri Land Force
The Qatar Emiri Land Force is the largest land service branch of the Qatar Armed Forces. Initially outfitted with British weaponry, Qatar shifted much of its procurement to France during the 1980s in response to French efforts to develop closer relations. The tank battalion was equipped with French-built AMX-30 main battle tanks, before later being replaced by German Leopard 2A7's.[16] Other armored vehicles include French AMX-10P APCs and the French VAB, adopted as the standard wheeled combat vehicle. The artillery unit has a few French 155mm self-propelled howitzers. The principal antitank weapons are French MILAN and HOT wire-guided missiles.
Qatar had also illicitly acquired a few Stinger shoulder-fired SAMs, possibly from Afghan rebel groups, at a time when the United States was trying to maintain tight controls on Stingers in the Middle East. When Qatar refused to turn over the missiles, the United States Senate in 1988 imposed a ban on the sale of all weapons to Qatar. The ban was repealed in late 1990 when Qatar satisfactorily accounted for its disposition of the Stingers.
Qatari tank battalion fought in the Gulf war in 1991, their AMX-30s took part in the battle of Khafji. Qatari contingent, composed mostly of Pakistani recruits, acquitted itself well during the war.[17]
Qatar signed a contract with the German defence company Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) for the delivery of 24 artillery systems PzH 2000 and 62 LEOPARD 2 main battle tanks.[18]
The US DSCA announces that Qatar wants to join its neighbor the UAE, and field 2 medium-range THAAD batteries of its own.
Their request is worth up to $6.5 billion, and includes up to 12 THAAD Launchers, 150 THAAD missiles, 2 THAAD Fire Control and Communications units, 2 AN/TPY-2 THAAD Radars, and 1 Early Warning Radar (EWR). The USA would also sell them the required trucks, generators, electrical power units, trailers, communications equipment, fire unit test & maintenance equipment, system integration and checkout, repair and return, training, and other support.[19]
Major Army Units examples
- Royal Guard Brigade
- 1st Infantry Battalion
- 2nd Infantry Battalion
- 3rd Infantry Battalion
- Qatari Army
- Special Forces Support Group Company
- 1st Mechanized Infantry Battalion
- 2nd Mechanized Infantry Battalion
- 3d Mechanized Infantry Battalion
- 4th Mechanized Infantry Battalion (Reserve)
- Artillery Battalion
- Artillery Battery
- Artillery Battery
- Artillery Battery
- Artillery Battery
- Anti-aircraft Battery
- Armored Brigade
- Mortar Company
- Tank Battalion
- Mechanized Infantry Battalion
- Anti-tank Battalion
The Qatari Emiri Navy (QEN), also called the Qatari Emiri Naval Forces (QENF), is the naval branch of the armed forces of the State of Qatar.
Qatari Emiri Air Force
The Qatari Emiri Air Force was formed in 1974, three years after achieving independence from Great Britain in 1971. Initially equipped with ex-RAF Hawker Hunters, the air force soon began expansion with six Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jets in 1979. Fourteen Dassault Mirage F1 were delivered between 1980 and 1984. After the Gulf War, Qatar's air force infrastructure was upgraded by France for $200 million, leading to the order of nine single seat Mirage 2000-5DEA multi-role combat aircraft and three two seat Mirage 2000-5DDA combat trainers in August 1994. Deliveries started in December 1997, and involved the buy back of the remaining 11 Mirage F1s by France that were later sold on to Spain.[21] The current commander of the Qatar Emiri Air Force is Brigadier General Mubarak Mohammed Al Kumait Al Khayarin.
British pilots in Oman remain on duty with the air force, and French specialists are employed in a maintenance capacity. Nevertheless, an increasing number of young Qataris have been trained as pilots and technicians.
Its units include:
- No. 1 Fighter Wing
- No. 7 Air Superiority Squadron – Dassault Mirage 2000
- 9 single-seat Mirage 2000-5EDA
- 3 2000-5DDA trainers
- No. 11 Close Support Squadron – Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet
- No. 7 Air Superiority Squadron – Dassault Mirage 2000
- No. 2 Rotary Wing
- No. 6 Close Support Squadron – Eurocopter SA342
- No. 8 Anti-Surface Vessel Squadron – Westland Sea King Commando Mk 3
- No. 9 Multi-Role Squadron – Westland Sea King Commando Mk 2
- Qatar Amiri Flight – C-17 Globemaster III
As of January 1993, all the air force's aircraft were based at Doha International Airport.[22]
Rank structure
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
| Rank group | General/flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qatari Emiri Land Force | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| فريق أول Fariq 'awal | فريق Fariq | لواء Liwa | عميد Amid | عقيد Aqid | مقدم Muqaddam | رائد Ra'id | نقيب Naqib | ملازم أول Mulazim awwal | ملازم Mulazim | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qatari Emiri Navy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| فريق أول Fariq 'awal | فريق Fariq | لواء Liwa | عميد Amid | عقيد Aqid | مقدم Muqaddam | رائد Ra'id | نقيب Naqib | ملازم أول Mulazim awwal | ملازم Mulazim | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qatar Emiri Air Force | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| فريق أول Fariq 'awal | فريق Fariq | لواء Liwa | عميد Amid | عقيد Aqid | مقدم Muqaddam | رائد Ra'id | نقيب Naqib | ملازم أول Mulazim awwal | ملازم Mulazim | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | General/flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qatari Emiri Land Force | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| وكيل اول Wakil awwal | وكيل ثاني Wakil thani | رقيب Raqib | نائب Nayib | عريف Earif | وكيل عريف Wakil earif | جندي Jundi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qatari Emiri Navy | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| وكيل اول Wakil awwal | وكيل ثاني Wakil thani | رقيب Raqib | نائب Nayib | عريف Earif | وكيل عريف Wakil earif | جندي Jundi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qatar Emiri Air Force | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| وكيل اول Wakil awwal | وكيل ثاني Wakil thani | رقيب Raqib | نائب Nayib | عريف Earif | وكيل عريف Wakil earif | جندي Jundi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equipment
See also
References
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2020). The Military Balance 2020. Routledge. p. 371.
- ^ Wezeman, Pieter (2019). "MILITARY SPENDING AND ARMS IMPORTS BY IRAN, SAUDI ARABIA, QATAR AND THE UAE" (PDF). SIPRI.
- ^ "Qatar’s national service program puts new emphasis on military training 2017-07-28 at the Wayback Machine", Doha News. Retrieved 25 June 2017
- ^ . Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ U.S. and Qatar Sign Pact to Update Bases, December 12, 2002
- ^ Shanker, Thom (12 December 2013). "Hagel Lifts Veil on Major Military Center in Qatar". The New York Times.
- ^ "Qatar-Gulf crisis: All the latest updates". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
- ^ . sipri.org. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ "6/lockheed-martin-providing-additional-pac-3-mses-to-us-army-and-upgrading-pac-3-missiles-for-fms Lockheed Martin providing additional PAC-3 MSEs to US Army and upgrading PAC-3 missiles for FMS 2017-07-28 at the Wayback Machine", Jane's 360. 29 December 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ "Qatar signs for MBDA coastal missile system 2017-07-28 at the Wayback Machine", Jane's 360. 02 September 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991, University of Nebraska Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8032-3733-2
- ^ The Gulf War with the 401TFW/614TFS Lucky Devils November 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Lucky-devils.net. Retrieved on 2011-03-28.
- ^ Qatar premier defends military participation. gulfnews.com (2011-03-22). Retrieved on 2013-09-26.
- ^ "Qatar deploys 1,000 ground troops to fight in Yemen". aljazeera.com.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
- ^ . janes.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ John Pike. "Qatari Amiri Land Force". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Gulf States Requesting ABM-Capable Systems". Defense Industry Daily. 2 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ^ Pike, John. "Qatari Amiri Land Force". globalsecurity.org.
- ^ Scramble on the Web – Qatar Emiri Air Force. Scramble.nl. Retrieved on 2011-03-28. April 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ United Arab Emirates, Library of Congress Country Study, 1993