Russian cruiser Moskva
Coordinates: 45°17′42″N 30°52′44″E / 45.2951°N 30.8789°E
Moskva (Russian: Москва, lit. 'Moscow', [mɐskˈva]), formerly Slava (Слава, 'Glory') was a guided missile cruiser of the Russian Navy. Commissioned in 1983, she was the lead ship of the Project 1164 Atlant class, named after the city of Moscow. With a crew of 510, Moskva was the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet and the most powerful warship in the region.
Moskva seen from the air in 2012 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| → Soviet Union → Russia | |
| Name | Slava (in Soviet service), Moskva (from 1995) |
| Namesake | Glory (1979–1995), Moscow (1995–2022) |
| Builder | 61 Kommunara Shipbuilding Plant (SY 445), Nikolayev, Ukrainian SSR |
| Laid down | 1976 |
| Launched | 27 July 1979[1] |
| Commissioned | 30 January 1983 |
| Decommissioned | September 1990 |
| Reinstated | April 2000 |
| Identification | 121 |
| Fate | Sunk by two Ukrainian R-360 Neptune anti-ship missiles on 14 April 2022[2][a] |
| Notes | Flagship of the Black Sea Fleet |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Slava-class cruiser |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 186.4 m (611 ft 7 in)[3] |
| Beam | 20.8 m (68 ft 3 in)[3] |
| Draught | 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)[3] |
| Propulsion | 4 COGOG gas turbines, 2 shafts 121,000 shp (90,000 kW) |
| Speed | 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)[3] |
| Range | 10,000 nmi (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
| Complement | 419 enlisted men and 66 officers[4] |
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Electronic warfare & decoys |
|
| Armament |
|
| Armour | Splinter plating |
| Aircraft carried | 1 Ka-25 or Ka-27 helicopter |
The cruiser was deployed during conflicts in Georgia (2008), Crimea (2014), and Syria (2015). She led the naval assault during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, from February 2022 until her sinking on 14 April 2022.
History
As Slava
Slava was laid down in 1976 in Shipyard 445 of the 61 Kommunara Shipbuilding Plant in Mykolaiv, Ukrainian SSR, launched in 1979, and commissioned into the Soviet Navy on 30 January 1983. Between 18 and 22 November 1986, the ship visited the Greek port of Piraeus.
Slava played a role in the Malta Summit (2–3 December 1989) between Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George H. W. Bush.[5] She was used by the Soviet delegation, while the US delegation had their sleeping quarters aboard USS Belknap.[6][7][8] The ships were anchored in a roadstead off the coast of Marsaxlokk. Stormy weather and choppy seas resulted in some meetings being cancelled or rescheduled, and gave rise to the moniker the "Seasick Summit" among international media. In the end, the meetings took place aboard Maxim Gorkiy, a Soviet cruise ship anchored in Marsaxlokk Bay.[9]
Slava returned to Mykolaiv in December 1990 for a refit that lasted until late 1998.[10] On 15 May 1995, the ship was formally renamed Moskva.[11]
As Moskva
Recommissioned into the Russian Navy in April 2000, Moskva replaced the Kynda-class cruiser Admiral Golovko as the flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.[12]
In early April 2003, Moskva, along with the frigate Pytlivyy, Smetlivy, and a landing ship departed Sevastopol for exercises in the Indian Ocean with a Pacific Fleet task group (Marshal Shaposhnikov and Admiral Panteleyev) and the Indian Navy.[13] The force was supported by the Project 1559V tanker Ivan Bubnov and the Project 712 ocean-going tug Shakhter.
Moskva visited Malta's Grand Harbour in October 2004, and the Ensemble of the Black Sea Fleet performed at a concert at the Mediterranean Conference Centre in Valletta for the occasion.[14] In 2008 and 2009, she visited the Mediterranean and participated in naval drills with the ships of the Northern Fleet.[15]
In August 2008, in support of the Russian invasion of Georgia, Moskva was deployed to secure the Black Sea.[16][17] During a brief surface engagement, the Georgian Navy scored one missile hit on Moskva before being overwhelmed.[18] After Russia's recognition of Abkhazia's independence, the ship was stationed at the Abkhazian capital, Sukhumi.[19]
On 3 December 2009, Moskva was laid up for a month at floating dry dock PD-30 in Sevastopol for a scheduled interim overhaul which comprised replacement of cooling and other machinery, reclamation work at the bottom and outboard fittings, propulsion shafts and screws, clearing and painting of bottom and above-water parts of the ship's hull.[12][failed verification]
In April 2010 it was reported that Moskva would join other navy units in the Indian Ocean to conduct exercises.[20] In August 2013 the cruiser visited Havana, Cuba.[21]
In late August 2013, Moskva was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea in response to the build-up of US warships along the coast of Syria.[22] During the Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014, Moskva blockaded the Ukrainian fleet in Donuzlav Lake.[23]
On 17 September 2014, Moskva was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea, taking shift from guard ship Pytlivy.[15]
In July 2015, Moskva visited Luanda, to strengthen military cooperation with Angola.[24] From the end of September 2015, while in the eastern Mediterranean, the cruiser was charged with the air defences for the Russian aviation group based near the Syrian town of Latakia that conducted the air campaign in Syria.[25] On 25 November 2015, after the 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown, it was reported that Moskva, armed with the S-300F surface-to-air missile system,[26] would be deployed near the coastal Syria-Turkey border.[27] In 2016, she was replaced by sister ship Varyag in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.[28] On 22 July 2016 Moskva was awarded the Order of Nakhimov.[29]
Upon return from her deployment in January 2016, Moskva was to undergo a refit and upgrade but due to lack of funds her future remained uncertain as of July 2018.[30][31]
In June 2019, Moskva left the port of Sevastopol in the Black Sea to test her combat systems and main propulsion.[32]
In February 2020, Russian Orthodox officials said that a very rare and important Christian relic purported to be a part of the True Cross on which Jesus was crucified was to be placed aboard the ship.[33][34]
On 3 July 2020, Moskva completed two and a half months of repairs and maintenance intended to allow her to remain in service until 2040.[35][36] The first post-repair deployment was scheduled for August 2020; however, in reality, she only began to prepare for the deployment in February 2021.[37][38] She was at sea on exercises in March 2021,[39] and fired the new Vulkan anti-ship missiles in April 2021.[40]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Moskva, the flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, helped lead the naval assault during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine from February until April 2022.[41][42] She was the most powerful surface vessel in the Black Sea region at the time,[43] and Ukraine's only threat against it were a limited number of Neptune missiles.[44]
In February 2022, the cruiser left Sevastopol to participate in the attack on Ukraine.[45] The ship was later used against the Ukrainian armed forces during the attack on Snake Island, together with the Russian patrol boat Vasily Bykov.[46] Moskva hailed the island's garrison over the radio and demanded its surrender, and was told "Russian warship, go fuck yourself". After this, all contact was lost with Snake Island, and the thirteen-member Ukrainian garrison was captured.[47] Slava-class cruisers are built for both air and sea superiority, and have no land-attack missiles. Moskva mainly stayed behind other Russian warships, providing air cover for military demonstrations of amphibious landings with Odesa as the apparent target.[48]
Sinking
| External image | |
|---|---|
| Moskva on fire and listing to port |
In the late hours of 13 April 2022 Ukrainian presidential adviser Oleksiy Arestovych reported Moskva was on fire and Odesa governor Maksym Marchenko said their forces hit Moskva with two R-360 Neptune anti-ship missiles.[49] A radar image showed the ship was about 80 nautical miles (150 km) south of Odesa around 7 p.m. local time (GMT+3), shortly after the damage occurred.[50] Two reports indicated the ship sank before 3 a.m., 14 April.[51]
The Russian Ministry of Defence said a fire caused a munitions explosion, and the ship sank in stormy seas while being towed to port.[52][53] Moskva is the largest warship to be sunk in combat since the ARA General Belgrano in the 1982 Falklands War, and the largest Russian warship to be sunk since World War II.[54][55]
According to the Lithuanian defense minister, there were 485 crew members aboard, including 66 officers. He also said that a Turkish ship responded to a distress call and saved 54 crew members at 2 a.m. local time.[4] Russia stated one sailor from the Moskva was killed and 27 were missing, while 396 crew members were rescued.[56] In November 2022, after families demanded information, a Russian court in Crimea acknowledged the deaths of a further 17 sailors, mostly conscripts. A Russian recruitment office mistakenly sent conscription papers to a missing Moskva sailor in October 2022.[57][58]
Ukraine has officially declared the wreck of the ship to be an underwater cultural heritage site.[59][60]
Notes
- ^ Not acknowledged by Russia.
References
- ^ "Slava (6127466)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ "Russia says flagship missile cruiser has sunk after explosion off coast of Ukraine". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Jane's fighting ships, 2009-2010 (112th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. 2009. p. 666. ISBN 978-0710628886.
- ^ a b "Turkish ship rescues over 50 Russian sailors from naval cruiser Moskva". TRT World. 15 April 2022. from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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- ^ Dowd, Maureen (3 December 1989). "The Malta Summit: Reporter's Notebook; Superpowers Cooperating, But Not Seas". The New York Times. from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ "The Malta Summit : Today's Schedule". Los Angeles Times. 2 December 1989. from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ Shanker, Thom (2 November 1989). "Ships Off Malta Site For Seaborne Summit". Chicago Tribune. from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ Martin, Ivan (14 April 2022). . The Times (Malta). Archived from the original on 14 April 2022.
- ^ "Slava Class Guided Missile Cruiser". naval-technology.com. 13 June 2010. from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ^ "Guided Missile Cruiser Moskva - Project 1164 / Slava Class". www.kchf.ru.
- ^ a b "Project 1164 Atlant Krasina/Slava class Guided Missile Cruiser". GlobalSecurity.org. 3 June 2014. from the original on 25 April 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Scott, Richard (16 April 2003). "Russia deploys naval squadron to Indian Ocean". Jane's Defence Weekly.
- ^ Cachia, Francis (3 October 2004). "Moskva in Malta". The Times (Malta). from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Крейсер "Москва" вернулся в Севастополь после дальнего похода" [The cruiser "Moskva" returned to Sevastopol after a long trip]. Interfax.ru (in Russian). from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ . RIA Novosti. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
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- ^ Osborn, Andrew (8 March 2014). "Ukraine facing loss of its navy as Russian forces in Crimea dig in". Reuters. from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Russian Navy's Vessels Sail to Luanda, Angola". Naval Today. 10 July 2015. from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "Российские корабли приготовились прикрывать с воздуха авиабазу под Латакией" [Russian ships prepare to cover the airbase near Latakia from the air] (in Russian). Interfax. 2 October 2015. from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
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- ^ Isachenkov, Vladimir (21 January 2016). . The Washington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ^ "Министр обороны России генерал армии Сергей Шойгу вручил орден Нахимова гвардейскому ракетному крейсеру "Москва" Черноморского флота" [Russian Defence Minister General of the Army Sergei Shoigu presented the Order of Nakhimov to the Guards Missile Cruiser Moskva of the Black Sea Fleet]. Russian Ministry of Defence (in Russian). 22 July 2016. from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ^ "ВМФ и руководство Черноморского флота решит, ремонтировать ли крейсер "Москва"" [The Navy and the leadership of the Black Sea Fleet will decide whether to repair the cruiser "Moskva"] (in Russian). Interfax. 3 July 2018. from the original on 26 August 2018.
- ^ "Ремонт вместо модернизации: крейсер "Москва" поставят на ход в Крыму :: Флот – 21 век" [Repair instead of modernization: the cruiser "Moskva" will be launched in the Crimea :: Fleet - 21st century]. blackseafleet-21.com. from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ "Ракетный крейсер "Москва" вышел море впервые за три года" [Missile cruiser "Moskva" goes to sea for the first time in three years]. bmpd.livejournal.com (in Russian). 6 June 2019. from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
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- ^ . BBC News. 15 April 2022. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
The 12,490-tonne vessel is the biggest Russian warship to be sunk in action since World War Two.
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External links
- . Cruiser Moskva. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.