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Look up bahadur in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Baghatur is a historical Turkic and Mongol honorific title,[1] in origin a term for "hero" or "valiant warrior". The Papal envoy Plano Carpini (c. 1185–1252) compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood.[2]
The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in the Mongol Empire in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a regnal title in the Ilkhanate and the Timurid dynasty, among others.[citation needed]
The concept of the Baghatur is present in Turco-Mongol folklore. Like the bogatyrs of Russian traditional tales, Baghaturs were heroes of extraordinary courage, fearlessness, and decisiveness, often portrayed as being descended from heaven and capable of performing extraordinary deeds. Baghatur was the heroic ideal Turco-Mongol warriors strove to live up to, hence its use as a military honorific of glory.[citation needed]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021)
The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west of China proper as early as the 7th century as evidenced in Sui dynasty records.[3][4] It is attested for the Second Turkic Khaganate in the 6th century, and among the Bulgars of the First Bulgarian Empire in the 6th century. Some authors claim Iranian origin of the word, the first syllable is very likely the Iranian title word *bag "god, lord".[5] According to Gerard Clauson, bağatur by origin almost certainly a Xiongnu (which Clauson proposes to be Hunnic) name, and specifically of the second Xiongnu Chanyu, whose name was transliterated by the Han Chinese as 冒頓 (with -n for foreign -r), now pronounced Mòdùn ~ Màodùn in standard Chinese.[6][7]
It is also preserved in the modern Turkic and Mongol languages as AltaiБаатыр (Baatïr), Turkish Batur/Bahadır, Tatar and KazakhБатыр (Batyr), UzbekBatyr and MongolianBaatar (as in Ulaanbaatar).
It is the origin of a number of terms and names, such as Bahadur (in Persian, South Asian Muslim, Sikh and other cultures), Bahadır, Baturu, Bey, Mete, Metehan, Russian: Богатырь (Bogatyr), Polish Bohater (lit.'hero'), Hungarian: Bátor (meaning "brave"), among others.
Titles Incorporating Bahaduredit
Bahadur was often included in titles in Mughal Empire and later during the British Raj to signify a higher level of honor above the title without the word. For example:
Sawai Bahadur, used as a title for rulers of Kutch. See individuals below.
Informally used to upgrade a title or title of address (often sarcastically) in South Asia. For example Saahab Bahadur (see, for example, the movie Saheb Bahadur); Company Bahadur (for the East India Company); Angrez Bahadur (for the British Raj); and so on.
List of individuals with this titleedit
The term Baghatur and its variants – Bahadur, Bagatur, or Baghadur, was adopted by the following historical individuals:
Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, ruler of the Khanate of Khiva, had the title of Bahadur Khan. He wrote the famous epic of the Mongols called the genealogical tree of the Mongols (or General history of Tatars).
Khengarji III, was the first ruler of Kutch to be given title of Sawai Bahadur.
Madansinhji, ruler of Kutch, used Bahadur as a hereditary title.
Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, the second Indian soldier to be so honored, was known as "Sam Bahadur."
Damdin Sükhbaatar, was a founding member of the Mongolian People's Party and leader of the Mongolian partisan army that liberated Khüree during the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Enshrined as the "Father of Mongolia's Revolution", he is remembered as one of the most important figures in Mongolia's struggle for independence.
Brook, Kevin Alan. The Jews of Khazaria. 2nd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2006.
Grousset, R. The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Rutgers Univ. Press, 1988.
Saunders, J. The History of the Mongol Conquests. Univ. of Penn. Press, 2001.
January 11, 2024
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Batir redirects here For the commune in Cimislia district Moldova see Batir Look up bahadur in Wiktionary the free dictionary Baghatur is a historical Turkic and Mongol honorific title 1 in origin a term for hero or valiant warrior The Papal envoy Plano Carpini c 1185 1252 compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood 2 The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread as an honorific title in the Mongol Empire in the 13th century the title persisted in its successor states and later came to be adopted also as a regnal title in the Ilkhanate and the Timurid dynasty among others citation needed The concept of the Baghatur is present in Turco Mongol folklore Like the bogatyrs of Russian traditional tales Baghaturs were heroes of extraordinary courage fearlessness and decisiveness often portrayed as being descended from heaven and capable of performing extraordinary deeds Baghatur was the heroic ideal Turco Mongol warriors strove to live up to hence its use as a military honorific of glory citation needed Contents 1 Etymology and distribution 2 Titles Incorporating Bahadur 3 List of individuals with this title 4 Notes 5 ReferencesEtymology and distribution editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2021 The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west of China proper as early as the 7th century as evidenced in Sui dynasty records 3 4 It is attested for the Second Turkic Khaganate in the 6th century and among the Bulgars of the First Bulgarian Empire in the 6th century Some authors claim Iranian origin of the word the first syllable is very likely the Iranian title word bag god lord 5 According to Gerard Clauson bagatur by origin almost certainly a Xiongnu which Clauson proposes to be Hunnic name and specifically of the second Xiongnu Chanyu whose name was transliterated by the Han Chinese as 冒頓 with n for foreign r now pronounced Modun Maodun in standard Chinese 6 7 The word was introduced in many cultures as a result of the Turco Mongol conquests and now exists in different forms in various languages Old Turkic 𐰉𐰍𐰀 romanized Baga Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ Bagatur Khalkha Mongolian Baatar Batar Chinese 巴特爾 Turkish Bagatur Batur Bahadir Russian Bogatyr Bogatyr Bulgarian Bagatur Bagatur Persian بهادر Punjabi ਬਹ ਦ ਰ Gurmukhi بہادر Shahmukhi Urdu بہادر Bulgarian and Russian Bagatur Bagatur Persian Bahador Georgian Bagatur and Hindi Bahadur It is also preserved in the modern Turkic and Mongol languages as Altai Baatyr Baatir Turkish Batur Bahadir Tatar and Kazakh Batyr Batyr Uzbek Batyr and Mongolian Baatar as in Ulaanbaatar It is the origin of a number of terms and names such as Bahadur in Persian South Asian Muslim Sikh and other cultures Bahadir Baturu Bey Mete Metehan Russian Bogatyr Bogatyr Polish Bohater lit hero Hungarian Bator meaning brave among others Titles Incorporating Bahadur editBahadur was often included in titles in Mughal Empire and later during the British Raj to signify a higher level of honor above the title without the word For example Nawab Bahadur a title of honour bestowed during Mughal Empire and later during British Raj Rao Bahadur or Rai Bahadur a title of honour bestowed during British rule in India Sawai Bahadur used as a title for rulers of Kutch See individuals below Informally used to upgrade a title or title of address often sarcastically in South Asia For example Saahab Bahadur see for example the movie Saheb Bahadur Company Bahadur for the East India Company Angrez Bahadur for the British Raj and so on List of individuals with this title editThe term Baghatur and its variants Bahadur Bagatur or Baghadur was adopted by the following historical individuals Modu Chanyu the founding chanyu of the Xiongnu empire 8 Tonyukuk military commander of Second Turkic Khaganate Bagatur Bagaina Sevar 6th century commander in First Bulgarian Empire Alogobotur 10th century commander in the First Bulgarian Empire Bartan Bagatur the Borjigin prince and grandfather of Genghis Khan Yesugei the father of Genghis Khan is called Yesugei Baghatur The Mongol general Subutai is referred to in the Secret History of the Mongols as baghatur Il khan Abu Sa id Bahadur Khan took the title Ba atur after his name for his victory over the rebellion of the Mongol Keraits in Iran 9 Bayan of the Merkid the Grand councillor of the Yuan dynasty was awarded Baghatur for his merit during the Ogedeid Yuan conflict 10 Two Mughal emperors used the regnal name Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shah I also called Shah Alam I and Bahadur Shah II more commonly referred to as Bahadur Shah Zafar incorporating his takhallus or pen name as a poet Banda Singh Bahadur Sikh warrior and general Altani relative of Genghis Khan Stephen Bathory 1533 1586 Prince of Transylvania and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Erdeni Batur founder of the Dzungar Khanate Abu al Ghazi Bahadur ruler of the Khanate of Khiva had the title of Bahadur Khan He wrote the famous epic of the Mongols called the genealogical tree of the Mongols or General history of Tatars Khengarji III was the first ruler of Kutch to be given title of Sawai Bahadur Vijayarajaji ruler of Kutch used Bahadur as a hereditary title Madansinhji ruler of Kutch used Bahadur as a hereditary title Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw the second Indian soldier to be so honored was known as Sam Bahadur Damdin Sukhbaatar was a founding member of the Mongolian People s Party and leader of the Mongolian partisan army that liberated Khuree during the Mongolian Revolution of 1921 Enshrined as the Father of Mongolia s Revolution he is remembered as one of the most important figures in Mongolia s struggle for independence Osman Batur a Chinese warlord of Kazakh ethnicityNotes edit Ed Herbert Franke and others The Cambridge History of China Volume 6 Alien Regimes and Border States 710 1368 p 567 James Chambers The Devil s horsemen the Mongol invasion of Europe p 107 C Fleischer Bahador in Encyclopaedia Iranica Grousset 194 Beckwith 2009 p 387 Sir Gerard Clauson 1972 An Etymological Dictionary of Pre Thirteenth Century Turkish pp 301 400 Pulleyblank E G 1999 The Peoples of the Steppe Frontier in Early Chinese Sources Migracijske teme 15 1 2 footnote 3 on p 45 of pp 35 61 TURK TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica Ed Herbert Franke and others The Cambridge History of China Volume 6 Alien Regimes and Border States 710 1368 p 568References editBeckwith Christopher I 16 March 2009 Empires of the Silk Road A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0691135892 Retrieved 30 May 2015 Brook Kevin Alan The Jews of Khazaria 2nd ed Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers Inc 2006 Grousset R The Empire of the Steppes A History of Central Asia Rutgers Univ Press 1988 Saunders J The History of the Mongol Conquests Univ of Penn Press 2001 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baghatur amp oldid 1186590802, 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