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Baba Farid

Farīd al-Dīn Mas'ūd Ganj-i Shakar (c. 4 April 1173 – 7 May 1266), commonly known as Bābā Farīd or Shaykh Farīd (also in Anglicised spelling Fareed), was a 13th-century Punjabi Muslim[3] preacher, poet and mystic,[4] who remains one of the most revered and esteemed Muslim mystics of the Medieval India and the Islamic Golden age.[5] He is revered by Punjabi Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs alike.[6]

Baba Farid
Detail of Baba Farid from a Guler painting showing an imaginary meeting of Sufi saints
Sheikh Farid Shakarganj
BornFarīd ad-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar
فریدالدین گنج شکر
c. 4 April 1188[1]
Kothewal, Multan, Punjab, Ghurid Sultanate
(present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Diedc. 7 May 1266[1]
Pakpattan, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate
(present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Venerated inSouth Asian Muslims, Sikhs & Punjabi Hindus[2]
Major shrineShrine of Baba Farid, Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan
InfluencesQutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
InfluencedMany, most prominent being Nizamuddin Auliya, Jamal-ud-Din Hansvi and Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari
Baba Farid
Punjabi language
Gurmukhiਫ਼ਰੀਦ-ਉਦ-ਦੀਨ ਮਸੂਦ ਗੰਜਸ਼ਕਰ
Transliteration
farīd-ud-dīn masūd gañjśakar
Shahmukhiفرید الدین مسعود گنج شکر
Transliteration
farīd aldīn masʻūd ganj śakar
IPA[fəɾiː.d̪ʊd̪ː.iːn mə́sᵊuːd̪ᵊ ɡənd͡ʒᵊ ʃəkːəɾᵊ]

Biography edit

Bābā Farīd was born in 1188 (573 AH) in Kothewal, 10 km from Multan in the Punjab region, to Jamāl-ud-dīn Suleimān and Maryam Bībī (Qarsum Bībī), daughter of Wajīh-ud-dīn Khojendī.[6] Amaresh Datta gives his life span as 1178–1271.[7] He received his early education at Multan, which had become a centre for Muslim education. There he met his teacher Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, who was passing through Multan on his way from Baghdad to Delhi.[8]

Once his education was over, he moved to Delhi, where he learned the Islamic doctrine from his master, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. He later moved to Hansi, Haryana.[9] When Khwaja Bakhtiyār Kākī died in 1235, Farīd left Hansi and became his spiritual successor and instead of settling in Delhi, he returned to his native Punjab and settled in Ajodhan (present-day Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan).[10] He was one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order.[1]

Fariduddin Ganjshakar's shrine darbār is located in Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Poetry edit

Baba Farid was the first major Punjabi poet.[11] A section of his poetry is as follows:

Mausoleum edit

 
The shrine of Baba Farid in Pakpatan

The small Shrine of Baba Farid is made of white marble with two doors, one facing east and called the Nūrī Darwāza or 'Gate of Light', and the second facing north called Bahishtī Darwāza, or 'Gate of Paradise'. There is also a long covered corridor. Inside the tomb are two white marbled graves. One is Baba Farid's, and the other is his elder son's. These graves are always covered by sheets of cloth called Chaddars' (the green coloured chaddars are covered with Islamic verses), and flowers that are brought by visitors. The space inside the tomb is limited; not more than ten people can be inside at one time. Women are not allowed inside the tomb, but the late Benazir Bhutto, then Prime Minister of Pakistan, was permitted to enter inside by the shrine guardians, when she visited the shrine. Another rare exceptional case was the late Hajjah Kainz Hussain of Jhelum, wife of the late Haji Manzoor Hussain, who was allowed inside the tomb and was given a Chaddar,.

Charity food called Langar is distributed all day to visitors here[12] and the Auqaf Department, which administers the shrine.[13] The shrine is open all day and night for visitors. The shrine has its own huge electricity generator that is used whenever there is power cut or loadshedding, so the shrine remains bright all night, all year round.[13] There is no separation of male and female areas but a small female area is also available. There is a big new mosque in the shrine. Thousands of people daily visit the shrine for their wishes and unresolvable matters; for this they vow to give to some charity when their wishes or problems are resolved.[12][14] When their matters are solved they bring charity food for visitors and the poor, and drop money in big money boxes that are kept for this purpose.[12][15] This money is collected by the Auqaf Department of the Government of Pakistan that looks after the shrine.

On 25 October 2010, a bomb exploded outside the gates of the shrine, killing six people.[16][17]

Baba Farid's Serai in Jerusalem edit

In great old holy city of Jerusalem, there is a place called Al-Hindi Serai or Indian hospice[18] (Indian lodge or shrine), where it is claimed Baba Farid lived for many years in the early 13th century, almost 800 years ago. Baba Farid walked into Jerusalem around the year 1200, little more than a decade after the armies of Saladin had forced the Crusaders out of Jerusalem. The place is now a pilgrim lodge for people of the Indian sub-continent. It is claimed that this building is currently cared for by the 94-year-old caretaker, Muhammad Munir Ansari, in 2014.[2] "No one knows how long Baba Farid stayed in the city. But long after he had returned to the Punjab, where he eventually became head of the Chishti order, Indian Muslims passing through Jerusalem on their way to Mecca wanted to pray where he had prayed, to sleep where he had slept. Slowly, a shrine and pilgrim lodge, the Indian Hospice, formed around the memory of Baba Farid."[2] "Later accounts of his life said that he spent his days sweeping the stone floors around Al-Aqsa Mosque, or fasting in the silence of a cave inside the city walls."[2]

Chillas edit

A chilla is also found on the top of hill of Donphin nose hill of Visakhapatnam port of Visakhapatnam city in which it is believed that Hazarat Baba Fareed spent some time here, and there is a vast banyan tree in the premises which used to shed sugar in Baba's honour

Death anniversary and Urs edit

Every year, the saint's death anniversary or Urs is celebrated for six days in the first Islamic month of Muharram, in Pakpattan, Pakistan.[12] The Bahishtī Darwāza (Gate of Paradise) is opened only once a year, during the time of the Urs fair.[12] Hundreds of thousands of pilgrims and visitors from all over the country and the world come to pay homage. The door of the Bahishti Darwaza is made of silver, with floral designs inlaid in gold leaf.[12] This "Gate to Paradise" is padlocked all year, and only opened for five days from sunset to sunrise in the month of Muharram. Some followers believe that by crossing this door all of one's sins are washed away.[12][20] During the opening of the Gate of Paradise, extensive security arrangements are made to protect people from stampedes. In 2001, 27 people were crushed to death and 100 were injured in a stampede.[21]

Legacy edit

 
Detail of Sheikh Farid (wearing yellow and black garbs and donning a white turban) from a mural at Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar, circa 19th century

As mentioned under Biography above, Baba Farid is considered one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order. His teacher, Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki was a disciple of Moinuddin Chishti and Baba Farid's most famous disciple is Nizamuddin Chishti of Delhi, making him an important link in the chain of Chishti masters in South Asia and a very influential spiritual master in South Asia. [See also Honor in Sikhism below.]

One of Farīd's most important contributions to Punjabi literature was his development of the language for literary purposes.[22] Whereas Sanskrit, Arabic, Turkish and Persian had historically been considered the languages of the learned and the elite, and used in monastic centres, Punjabi was generally considered a less refined folk language. Although earlier poets had written in a primitive Punjabi, before Farīd there was little in Punjabi literature apart from traditional and anonymous ballads.[23] By using Punjabi as the language of poetry, Farīd laid the basis for a vernacular Punjabi literature that would be developed later.[24] The English translation of Farid's devotional poetry by Rana Nayar was conferred with Sahitya Akademi Golden Jubilee award in 2007.

The city of Faridkot bears his name. According to legend, Farīd stopped by the city, then named Mokhalpūr, and sat in seclusion for forty days near the fort of King Mokhal. The king was said to be so impressed by his presence that he named the city after Baba Farid, which today is known as Tilla Baba Farid. The festival Bābā Sheikh Farād Āgman Purb Melā' is celebrated in September each year from (21–23 Sep, for 3 days), commemorating his arrival in the city.[25][26] Ajodhan[10] was also renamed as Farīd's 'Pāk Pattan', meaning 'Holy Ferry'; today it is generally called Pāk Pattan Sharīf.[27] In Bangladesh, one of the largest districts of the country Faridpur District was named after him. It is believed that he established his seat in this town.

Faridia Islamic University, a religious madrassa in Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan, is named after him,[28] and in July 1998, the Punjab Government in India established the Baba Farid University of Health Sciences at Faridkot, the city which itself was named after him.[29]

There are various explanations of why Baba Farid was given the title Shakar Ganj[30] ('Treasure of Sugar'). One legend says his mother used to encourage the young Farīd to pray by placing sugar under his prayer mat. Once, when she forgot, the young Farīd found the sugar anyway, an experience that gave him more spiritual fervour and led to his being given the name.[9]

In Sikhism edit

 
The Gurudwara Godri Sahib Baba Farid at Faridkot, Punjab
 
Historical Guru Granth Sahib manuscript showcasing verses attributed to Sheikh Fareed on page 488

Baba Farid, as he is commonly known, has his poetry included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the most sacred scripture of Sikhism, which includes 123 (or 134) hymns composed by Farid.[11] Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the 5th guru of Sikhism, included these hymns himself in the Adi Granth, the predecessor of the Guru Granth Sahib.[1] There are 10 Sikh gurus, but there are also 15 Bhagats in Sikhism. Baba Sheikh Farid is one of these equally revered 15 Bhagats.[31]

Langar edit

Fariduddin Ganjshakar first introduced the institution of the Langar in the Punjab region.[32][33] The institution greatly contributed to the social fabric of Punjabi society and allowed peoples of various faiths and backgrounds to attain free food and drink. The practice, introduced by Fariduddin Ganjshakar grew and is documented in the Jawahir al-Faridi compiled in 1623 CE.[34] It was later, both the institution and term, adopted by Sikhs.[35]

Commemorative postage stamp edit

In 1989, on the 800th birth anniversary of Baba Farid, the Pakistan Post Office issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor.[36]

Places named after him edit

Descendants edit

Salim Chisti (1478 – 1572), a famous Sufi saint during the reign of Akbar, was a direct descendant of Baba Farid.[37] Muhibbullah Allahabadi (1587–1648) was also his descendant.[38] Islam Khan I and Mukarram Khan who served as goveners of Bengal Subah were grand-sons of Salim Chishti. The noble Paigah family, which was influential in the former Hyderabad state, also traced its lineage from Baba Farid.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e (Sufis - Wisdom against Violence) Article on Baba Farid on the South Asian magazine website published in April 2001, Retrieved 1 November 2018
  2. ^ a b c d Adamson, Daniel Silas (23 November 2014). "Jerusalem's 800-year-old Indian hospice". BBC News website. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  3. ^ Pemberton, Barbara (2023), Shafiq, Muhammad; Donlin-Smith, Thomas (eds.), "Polishing the Mirror of the Heart: Sufi Poetic Reflections as Interfaith Inspiration for Peace", Mystical Traditions: Approaches to Peaceful Coexistence, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, pp. 263–276, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27121-2_15, ISBN 978-3-031-27121-2
  4. ^ Nizami, K.A., "Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd "Gand̲j̲-I-S̲h̲akar"", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
  5. ^ Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (1955). The Life and Times of Shaikh Farid-u'd-din Ganj-i-Shakar. Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 1.
  6. ^ a b Singh, Paramjeet (7 April 2018). Legacies of the Homeland: 100 Must Read Books by Punjabi Authors. Notion Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-64249-424-2.
  7. ^ Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 79. ISBN 9788126018031.
  8. ^ Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar 30 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363
  9. ^ a b Sheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6. Page 11.
  10. ^ a b Ajodhan's former name: Ajay Vardhan
  11. ^ a b Malik, Jamal (6 April 2020). Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-42271-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g name="Abdullah"
  13. ^ a b Tarin, p 30
  14. ^ Imperial Gazetteer 1900
  15. ^ Imperial Gazetteer
  16. ^ Reza Sayah (25 October 2010). "4 killed in blast at Pakistan shrine". CNN News website. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  17. ^ Kamran Haider; Mian Khursheed; Hasan Mahmood (25 October 2010). "Bomb kills six at Sufi shrine in eastern Pakistan". Reuters. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  18. ^ "In the heart of Jerusalem's Old City, is a 'little India' open to all". Hindustan Times. 4 May 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  19. ^ Choudhury, Dewan Nurul Anwar Hussain (2012). "Sheikh Fariduddin Maswood Ganjeskar". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  20. ^ Tarin, pp 15-16
  21. ^ "Fatal stampede at Pakistan festival". BBC News website. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  22. ^ Omer Tarin, 'Hazrat Baba Farid Ganj Shakar and the evolution of the literary Punjabi:A Brief Review' in Journal of Humanities and Liberal Arts, 1995, pp.21-30
  23. ^ Tarin, 27
  24. ^ Tarin, p. 30
  25. ^ Manns draw crowds at Baba Farid Mela The Tribune, 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018
  26. ^ Tilla Baba Farid The Tribune, 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018
  27. ^ Pakpatthan Town The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1900, v. 19, p. 332, Digital South Asia Library website, Retrieved 1 November 2018
  28. ^ Faridia Islamic University, Retrieved 1 November 2018
  29. ^ Introduction 5 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Official website, Retrieved 1 November 2018
  30. ^ The original was probably the Persian Ganj-i Shakar, with the same meaning.
  31. ^ Khanna, Bharat (31 October 2019). "Surge of interest in books on founder of Sikhism". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  32. ^ Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 1, p. 45
  33. ^ Talib, Gurbachan Singh (1973), Baba Sheikh Farid: His Life and Teaching, p. 7
  34. ^ Barbara D Metcalf (1984). Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam. University of California Press. pp. 336–339. ISBN 978-0-520-04660-3.
  35. ^ R. Nivas (1967), Transactions, Volume 4, The word langar, and this institution has been borrowed, so to speak, from the Sufis. The khanqas of the Chisti and other Sufi saints had a langar open to the poor and the rich, though the Hindus mostly kept away from them. To make the Brahmin sit with the pariah and do away with untouch- ability, and to make the Hindus and Muslims eat from the same kitchen and destroy all social, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, p. 190
  36. ^ Commemorative postage stamp issued by Pakistan Post Office on Baba Farid's 800th Birth Anniversary on paknetmag.com website Retrieved 3 November 2018
  37. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (22 February 2022). Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-49299-8.
  38. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1980). Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. BRILL. p. 98. ISBN 90-04-06117-7., Published in 1980, now on Google Books, Retrieved 1 November 2018

Further reading edit

  • Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by H. Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363.
  • Pakpattan and Baba Farid Ganj-i-Shakar, by Muhammad Abdullah Caghtai. Kitab Khana Nauras, 1968.
  • Baba Sheikh Farid: Life and teachings, by Gurbachan Singh Talib. Baba Farid Memorial Society, 1973.
  • Baba Farid (Makers of Indian literature), by Balwant Singh Anand, Sahitya Akademi, 1975.
  • Baba Farid-ud-Din Masud Ganj-i-Shakar, by Jafar Qasimi. Islamic Book Foundation. 1978.
  • Sheikh Baba Farid aur unka Kavya, by Jayabhagavan Goyal. 1998, Atmarama & Sons. ISBN 81-7043-081-X.
  • Savanih hayat Baba Farid Ganj-i Shakar, by Pir Ghulam Dastgir Nami. Madni Kutub Khanah.
  • Baba Farid Ganjshakar, by Shabbir Hasan Cishti Nizami. Asthana Book Depot.
  • Love is his own power: The slokas of Baba Farid. 1990, ISBN 81-7189-135-7.
  • Hazrat Baba Farid-ud-Din Masood Ganj Shakar, by Sheikh Parvaiz Amin Naqshbandy. Umar Publications, 1993.
  • Baba Farid di dukh–chetana, by Sarawan Singh Paradesi. 1996, Ravi Sahitya Prakashan, ISBN 81-7143-235-2.
  • Hymns of Sheikh Farid, by Brij Mohan Sagar. South Asia Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8364-5985-7.
  • Sheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6.
  • Great Sufi Poets of the Punjab by R. M. Chopra, Iran Society, Kolkata, 1999.

External links edit

  • Sheikh Farid Hymns in Guru Granth Sahib
  • Kalam e Baba Faird (text in shahmukhi- Baba Farid's poetry)
  • Kalam e Baba Farid (text in gurmukhi)

baba, farid, farīd, dīn, ganj, shakar, april, 1173, 1266, commonly, known, bābā, farīd, shaykh, farīd, also, anglicised, spelling, fareed, 13th, century, punjabi, muslim, preacher, poet, mystic, remains, most, revered, esteemed, muslim, mystics, medieval, indi. Farid al Din Mas ud Ganj i Shakar c 4 April 1173 7 May 1266 commonly known as Baba Farid or Shaykh Farid also in Anglicised spelling Fareed was a 13th century Punjabi Muslim 3 preacher poet and mystic 4 who remains one of the most revered and esteemed Muslim mystics of the Medieval India and the Islamic Golden age 5 He is revered by Punjabi Muslims Hindus and Sikhs alike 6 Baba FaridDetail of Baba Farid from a Guler painting showing an imaginary meeting of Sufi saintsSheikh Farid ShakarganjBornFarid ad Din Ganj i Shakarفریدالدین گنج شکر c 4 April 1188 1 Kothewal Multan Punjab Ghurid Sultanate present day Punjab Pakistan Diedc 7 May 1266 1 Pakpattan Punjab Delhi Sultanate present day Punjab Pakistan Venerated inSouth Asian Muslims Sikhs amp Punjabi Hindus 2 Major shrineShrine of Baba Farid Pakpattan Punjab PakistanInfluencesQutbuddin Bakhtiar KakiInfluencedMany most prominent being Nizamuddin Auliya Jamal ud Din Hansvi and Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari Baba FaridPunjabi languageGurmukhiਫ ਰ ਦ ਉਦ ਦ ਨ ਮਸ ਦ ਗ ਜਸ ਕਰTransliterationfarid ud din masud ganjsakarShahmukhiفرید الدین مسعود گنج شکرTransliterationfarid aldin masʻud ganj sakarIPA feɾiː d ʊd ː iːn me sᵊuːd ᵊ ɡend ʒᵊ ʃekːeɾᵊ Contents 1 Biography 2 Poetry 3 Mausoleum 4 Baba Farid s Serai in Jerusalem 5 Chillas 6 Death anniversary and Urs 7 Legacy 7 1 In Sikhism 7 2 Langar 7 3 Commemorative postage stamp 7 4 Places named after him 8 Descendants 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksBiography editBaba Farid was born in 1188 573 AH in Kothewal 10 km from Multan in the Punjab region to Jamal ud din Suleiman and Maryam Bibi Qarsum Bibi daughter of Wajih ud din Khojendi 6 Amaresh Datta gives his life span as 1178 1271 7 He received his early education at Multan which had become a centre for Muslim education There he met his teacher Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki who was passing through Multan on his way from Baghdad to Delhi 8 Once his education was over he moved to Delhi where he learned the Islamic doctrine from his master Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki He later moved to Hansi Haryana 9 When Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki died in 1235 Farid left Hansi and became his spiritual successor and instead of settling in Delhi he returned to his native Punjab and settled in Ajodhan present day Pakpattan Punjab Pakistan 10 He was one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order 1 Fariduddin Ganjshakar s shrine darbar is located in Pakpattan Punjab Pakistan Poetry editBaba Farid was the first major Punjabi poet 11 A section of his poetry is as follows Farida jo taiN marani mukiaN tinhaN na mare ghumm Farida ja lab tha nehu kia lab ta kuṛha nehu Kale maiḍe kapṛe kala maiḍa wais GunahiN bhariya maiN phiraN Lōk kahaiN darvesh GalliN cikkaṛ dur ghar naḷ piyare niNh ChallaN te bhijje kambli rahaN taN ṭuṭṭe niNh Roti meri kaṭh di lawan meri bhukh Jina khaadi chopadi ghane sehenge dukh 1 Fareed do not turn around and strike those who strike you with their fists Fareed when there is greed what love can there be When there is greed love is false Laden with my load of misdeeds I move about in the garb of black garments And the people see me and call me a dervish My promise to my love a long way to go and a muddy lane ahead If I move I spoil my cloak if I stay I break my word My bread is of wood which is enough to quench my hunger But the one who feasts on buttered breads will eventually suffer Mid 20th century paintings of Baba Farid by Gian Singh Naqqash inscribed with poetry authored by him contained within the Guru Granth Sahib nbsp nbsp Mausoleum editMain article Shrine of Baba Farid nbsp The shrine of Baba Farid in Pakpatan The small Shrine of Baba Farid is made of white marble with two doors one facing east and called the Nuri Darwaza or Gate of Light and the second facing north called Bahishti Darwaza or Gate of Paradise There is also a long covered corridor Inside the tomb are two white marbled graves One is Baba Farid s and the other is his elder son s These graves are always covered by sheets of cloth called Chaddars the green coloured chaddars are covered with Islamic verses and flowers that are brought by visitors The space inside the tomb is limited not more than ten people can be inside at one time Women are not allowed inside the tomb but the late Benazir Bhutto then Prime Minister of Pakistan was permitted to enter inside by the shrine guardians when she visited the shrine Another rare exceptional case was the late Hajjah Kainz Hussain of Jhelum wife of the late Haji Manzoor Hussain who was allowed inside the tomb and was given a Chaddar Charity food called Langar is distributed all day to visitors here 12 and the Auqaf Department which administers the shrine 13 The shrine is open all day and night for visitors The shrine has its own huge electricity generator that is used whenever there is power cut or loadshedding so the shrine remains bright all night all year round 13 There is no separation of male and female areas but a small female area is also available There is a big new mosque in the shrine Thousands of people daily visit the shrine for their wishes and unresolvable matters for this they vow to give to some charity when their wishes or problems are resolved 12 14 When their matters are solved they bring charity food for visitors and the poor and drop money in big money boxes that are kept for this purpose 12 15 This money is collected by the Auqaf Department of the Government of Pakistan that looks after the shrine On 25 October 2010 a bomb exploded outside the gates of the shrine killing six people 16 17 Baba Farid s Serai in Jerusalem editIn great old holy city of Jerusalem there is a place called Al Hindi Serai or Indian hospice 18 Indian lodge or shrine where it is claimed Baba Farid lived for many years in the early 13th century almost 800 years ago Baba Farid walked into Jerusalem around the year 1200 little more than a decade after the armies of Saladin had forced the Crusaders out of Jerusalem The place is now a pilgrim lodge for people of the Indian sub continent It is claimed that this building is currently cared for by the 94 year old caretaker Muhammad Munir Ansari in 2014 2 No one knows how long Baba Farid stayed in the city But long after he had returned to the Punjab where he eventually became head of the Chishti order Indian Muslims passing through Jerusalem on their way to Mecca wanted to pray where he had prayed to sleep where he had slept Slowly a shrine and pilgrim lodge the Indian Hospice formed around the memory of Baba Farid 2 Later accounts of his life said that he spent his days sweeping the stone floors around Al Aqsa Mosque or fasting in the silence of a cave inside the city walls 2 nbsp Portrait of Baba Farid at Indian hospice Jerusalem nbsp Room where Baba Farid had performed Chilla at Indian hospice Jerusalem nbsp Outdoor plaque about Baba Farid at Indian hospice JerusalemChillas editA Chilla of Baba Farid is located in Dhirdan village of Lunkaransar tehsil in Bikaner district Rajasthan India A Chilla of Baba Farid is located in Sheikhchuliya village of Rawatsar tehsil in Hanumangarh district Rajasthan India Poraha village in Amravati district of Maharashtra India Niphad a town in district of Nashik of Maharashtra India Girad a small town in Samudrapur constituency of Wardha district of Maharashtra India Gadhdevi Singoli town Osmanabad district in Maharashtra india Manegaon a small village situated in Tehsil Barghat District Seoni Madhya Pradesh India Badchicholi in Tehsil Pandhurna District Chhindwara Madhya Pradesh Ajmer dargha sharif Rajasthan India Fountain Hillock Sholashahar Chittagong Bangladesh 19 The Shrine mazar mazar is vast and spacious located in the city of Pakpattan otherwise Pakpattan Sharif located in central Punjab province in Pakistan A chilla is also found on the top of hill of Donphin nose hill of Visakhapatnam port of Visakhapatnam city in which it is believed that Hazarat Baba Fareed spent some time here and there is a vast banyan tree in the premises which used to shed sugar in Baba s honour nbsp Entrance to the Chilla place of Baba Farid in Girad nbsp Shrine where Baba Farid had performed Chilla Death anniversary and Urs editEvery year the saint s death anniversary or Urs is celebrated for six days in the first Islamic month of Muharram in Pakpattan Pakistan 12 The Bahishti Darwaza Gate of Paradise is opened only once a year during the time of the Urs fair 12 Hundreds of thousands of pilgrims and visitors from all over the country and the world come to pay homage The door of the Bahishti Darwaza is made of silver with floral designs inlaid in gold leaf 12 This Gate to Paradise is padlocked all year and only opened for five days from sunset to sunrise in the month of Muharram Some followers believe that by crossing this door all of one s sins are washed away 12 20 During the opening of the Gate of Paradise extensive security arrangements are made to protect people from stampedes In 2001 27 people were crushed to death and 100 were injured in a stampede 21 Legacy edit nbsp Detail of Sheikh Farid wearing yellow and black garbs and donning a white turban from a mural at Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar circa 19th century As mentioned under Biography above Baba Farid is considered one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order His teacher Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki was a disciple of Moinuddin Chishti and Baba Farid s most famous disciple is Nizamuddin Chishti of Delhi making him an important link in the chain of Chishti masters in South Asia and a very influential spiritual master in South Asia See also Honor in Sikhism below One of Farid s most important contributions to Punjabi literature was his development of the language for literary purposes 22 Whereas Sanskrit Arabic Turkish and Persian had historically been considered the languages of the learned and the elite and used in monastic centres Punjabi was generally considered a less refined folk language Although earlier poets had written in a primitive Punjabi before Farid there was little in Punjabi literature apart from traditional and anonymous ballads 23 By using Punjabi as the language of poetry Farid laid the basis for a vernacular Punjabi literature that would be developed later 24 The English translation of Farid s devotional poetry by Rana Nayar was conferred with Sahitya Akademi Golden Jubilee award in 2007 The city of Faridkot bears his name According to legend Farid stopped by the city then named Mokhalpur and sat in seclusion for forty days near the fort of King Mokhal The king was said to be so impressed by his presence that he named the city after Baba Farid which today is known as Tilla Baba Farid The festival Baba Sheikh Farad Agman Purb Mela is celebrated in September each year from 21 23 Sep for 3 days commemorating his arrival in the city 25 26 Ajodhan 10 was also renamed as Farid s Pak Pattan meaning Holy Ferry today it is generally called Pak Pattan Sharif 27 In Bangladesh one of the largest districts of the country Faridpur District was named after him It is believed that he established his seat in this town Faridia Islamic University a religious madrassa in Sahiwal Punjab Pakistan is named after him 28 and in July 1998 the Punjab Government in India established the Baba Farid University of Health Sciences at Faridkot the city which itself was named after him 29 There are various explanations of why Baba Farid was given the title Shakar Ganj 30 Treasure of Sugar One legend says his mother used to encourage the young Farid to pray by placing sugar under his prayer mat Once when she forgot the young Farid found the sugar anyway an experience that gave him more spiritual fervour and led to his being given the name 9 In Sikhism edit nbsp The Gurudwara Godri Sahib Baba Farid at Faridkot Punjab nbsp Historical Guru Granth Sahib manuscript showcasing verses attributed to Sheikh Fareed on page 488 Baba Farid as he is commonly known has his poetry included in the Guru Granth Sahib the most sacred scripture of Sikhism which includes 123 or 134 hymns composed by Farid 11 Guru Arjan Dev Ji the 5th guru of Sikhism included these hymns himself in the Adi Granth the predecessor of the Guru Granth Sahib 1 There are 10 Sikh gurus but there are also 15 Bhagats in Sikhism Baba Sheikh Farid is one of these equally revered 15 Bhagats 31 Langar edit Fariduddin Ganjshakar first introduced the institution of the Langar in the Punjab region 32 33 The institution greatly contributed to the social fabric of Punjabi society and allowed peoples of various faiths and backgrounds to attain free food and drink The practice introduced by Fariduddin Ganjshakar grew and is documented in the Jawahir al Faridi compiled in 1623 CE 34 It was later both the institution and term adopted by Sikhs 35 Commemorative postage stamp edit In 1989 on the 800th birth anniversary of Baba Farid the Pakistan Post Office issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor 36 Places named after him edit Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Punjab India Faridpur Bangladesh Faridkot Punjab India Sheikhsar Rajasthan India Sheikhchuliya Rajasthan India Faridabad Haryana IndiaDescendants editSalim Chisti 1478 1572 a famous Sufi saint during the reign of Akbar was a direct descendant of Baba Farid 37 Muhibbullah Allahabadi 1587 1648 was also his descendant 38 Islam Khan I and Mukarram Khan who served as goveners of Bengal Subah were grand sons of Salim Chishti The noble Paigah family which was influential in the former Hyderabad state also traced its lineage from Baba Farid See also editList of mausolea Sufism List of Sufi SaintsReferences edit a b c d e Sufis Wisdom against Violence Article on Baba Farid on the South Asian magazine website published in April 2001 Retrieved 1 November 2018 a b c d Adamson Daniel Silas 23 November 2014 Jerusalem s 800 year old Indian hospice BBC News website Retrieved 1 November 2018 Pemberton Barbara 2023 Shafiq Muhammad Donlin Smith Thomas eds Polishing the Mirror of the Heart Sufi Poetic Reflections as Interfaith Inspiration for Peace Mystical Traditions Approaches to Peaceful Coexistence Cham Springer Nature Switzerland pp 263 276 doi 10 1007 978 3 031 27121 2 15 ISBN 978 3 031 27121 2 Nizami K A Farid al Din Masʿud Gand j I S h akar in Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Edited by P Bearman Th Bianquis C E Bosworth E van Donzel W P Heinrichs Khaliq Ahmad Nizami 1955 The Life and Times of Shaikh Farid u d din Ganj i Shakar Department of History Aligarh Muslim University p 1 a b Singh Paramjeet 7 April 2018 Legacies of the Homeland 100 Must Read Books by Punjabi Authors Notion Press p 192 ISBN 978 1 64249 424 2 Datta Amaresh 1987 Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature A Devo Volume 1 Sahitya Akademi p 79 ISBN 9788126018031 Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj i Shakar Archived 30 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Ain e Akbari by Abul Fazal English translation by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett 1873 1907 The Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta Volume III Saints of India Awliya i Hind page 363 a b Sheikh Farid by Dr Harbhajan Singh Hindi Pocket Books 2002 ISBN 81 216 0255 6 Page 11 a b Ajodhan s former name Ajay Vardhan a b Malik Jamal 6 April 2020 Islam in South Asia Revised Enlarged and Updated Second Edition BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 42271 1 a b c d e f g name Abdullah a b Tarin p 30 Imperial Gazetteer 1900 Imperial Gazetteer Reza Sayah 25 October 2010 4 killed in blast at Pakistan shrine CNN News website Retrieved 1 November 2018 Kamran Haider Mian Khursheed Hasan Mahmood 25 October 2010 Bomb kills six at Sufi shrine in eastern Pakistan Reuters Retrieved 1 November 2018 In the heart of Jerusalem s Old City is a little India open to all Hindustan Times 4 May 2019 Retrieved 14 December 2019 Choudhury Dewan Nurul Anwar Hussain 2012 Sheikh Fariduddin Maswood Ganjeskar In Sirajul Islam Miah Sajahan Khanam Mahfuza Ahmed Sabbir eds Banglapedia the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Online ed Dhaka Bangladesh Banglapedia Trust Asiatic Society of Bangladesh ISBN 984 32 0576 6 OCLC 52727562 OL 30677644M Retrieved 27 April 2024 Tarin pp 15 16 Fatal stampede at Pakistan festival BBC News website 1 April 2001 Retrieved 1 November 2018 Omer Tarin Hazrat Baba Farid Ganj Shakar and the evolution of the literary Punjabi A Brief Review in Journal of Humanities and Liberal Arts 1995 pp 21 30 Tarin 27 Tarin p 30 Manns draw crowds at Baba Farid Mela The Tribune 25 September 2007 Retrieved 1 November 2018 Tilla Baba Farid The Tribune 25 September 2007 Retrieved 1 November 2018 Pakpatthan Town The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1900 v 19 p 332 Digital South Asia Library website Retrieved 1 November 2018 Faridia Islamic University Retrieved 1 November 2018 Introduction Archived 5 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Official website Retrieved 1 November 2018 The original was probably the Persian Ganj i Shakar with the same meaning Khanna Bharat 31 October 2019 Surge of interest in books on founder of Sikhism The Times of India Retrieved 14 December 2019 Epilogue Vol 4 Issue 1 p 45 Talib Gurbachan Singh 1973 Baba Sheikh Farid His Life and Teaching p 7 Barbara D Metcalf 1984 Moral Conduct and Authority The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam University of California Press pp 336 339 ISBN 978 0 520 04660 3 R Nivas 1967 Transactions Volume 4 The word langar and this institution has been borrowed so to speak from the Sufis The khanqas of the Chisti and other Sufi saints had a langar open to the poor and the rich though the Hindus mostly kept away from them To make the Brahmin sit with the pariah and do away with untouch ability and to make the Hindus and Muslims eat from the same kitchen and destroy all social Indian Institute of Advanced Study p 190 Commemorative postage stamp issued by Pakistan Post Office on Baba Farid s 800th Birth Anniversary on paknetmag com website Retrieved 3 November 2018 Schimmel Annemarie 22 February 2022 Islam in the Indian Subcontinent BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 49299 8 Schimmel Annemarie 1980 Islam in the Indian Subcontinent BRILL p 98 ISBN 90 04 06117 7 Published in 1980 now on Google Books Retrieved 1 November 2018Further reading editSheikh Fariduddin Ganj i Shakar Ain e Akbari by Abul Fazal English translation by H Blochmann and Colonel H S Jarrett 1873 1907 The Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta Volume III Saints of India Awliya i Hind page 363 Pakpattan and Baba Farid Ganj i Shakar by Muhammad Abdullah Caghtai Kitab Khana Nauras 1968 Baba Sheikh Farid Life and teachings by Gurbachan Singh Talib Baba Farid Memorial Society 1973 Baba Farid Makers of Indian literature by Balwant Singh Anand Sahitya Akademi 1975 Baba Farid ud Din Masud Ganj i Shakar by Jafar Qasimi Islamic Book Foundation 1978 Sheikh Baba Farid aur unka Kavya by Jayabhagavan Goyal 1998 Atmarama amp Sons ISBN 81 7043 081 X Savanih hayat Baba Farid Ganj i Shakar by Pir Ghulam Dastgir Nami Madni Kutub Khanah Baba Farid Ganjshakar by Shabbir Hasan Cishti Nizami Asthana Book Depot Love is his own power The slokas of Baba Farid 1990 ISBN 81 7189 135 7 Hazrat Baba Farid ud Din Masood Ganj Shakar by Sheikh Parvaiz Amin Naqshbandy Umar Publications 1993 Baba Farid di dukh chetana by Sarawan Singh Paradesi 1996 Ravi Sahitya Prakashan ISBN 81 7143 235 2 Hymns of Sheikh Farid by Brij Mohan Sagar South Asia Books 1999 ISBN 0 8364 5985 7 Sheikh Farid by Dr Harbhajan Singh Hindi Pocket Books 2002 ISBN 81 216 0255 6 Great Sufi Poets of the Punjab by R M Chopra Iran Society Kolkata 1999 External links editSheikh Farid Hymns in Guru Granth Sahib Kalam e Baba Faird text in shahmukhi Baba Farid s poetry Kalam e Baba Farid text in gurmukhi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baba Farid amp oldid 1219697791, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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