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Adynaton

May 24, 2024

Adynaton (/ˌædɪˈnɑːtɒn, -tən/;[1] plural adynata) is a figure of speech in the form of hyperbole taken to such extreme lengths as to insinuate a complete impossibility:[2]

I will sooner have a beard grow in the palm of my hand than he shall get one on his cheek.[3]

The word derives from the Greek ἀδύνατον (adunaton), neuter of ἀδύνατος (adunatos), "unable, impossible" (a-, "without" + dynasthai, "to be possible or powerful").[4]

Classical and medieval usage edit

Adynaton was a widespread literary and rhetorical device during the Classical Period. In the Eclogue of Plutarch, there is a long list of proverbs and the first section is titled ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΑΔΥΝΑΤΩΝ, consisting of proverbs that are built on adynaton.[5] The adynaton form was often used for vows and covenants, such as in the 16th Epode of Horace, 25-34.

Its plural form (adynata) was translated in Latin as impossibilia. A frequent usage was to refer to one highly unlikely event occurring sooner than another:

One can expect an agreement between philosophers sooner than between clocks.

— Seneca, The Pumpkinification of Claudius

Zenobius's collection of proverbial expressions includes "to count sand" to characterize something impossible or unattainable.[6]

However, it largely fell into disuse during the Middle Ages before undergoing a minor revival in the works of romantic poets, who would boast of the power of their love, and how it could never end.

Together, we shall sooner see, I, & you, The Rhône tarry, & reverse its course, The Saône roil, & return to source, Than this my fire ever die down

— Maurice Scève

Fiction, folklore and drama edit

Adynata are sometimes used within works of fiction or drama:

Part heat from fire, then, by that notion,
Part frost from snow, wet from the ocean!
Ask less!

— Henrik Ibsen, Brand

Impossible tasks appear often in legends and folklore, and can form elements of ballads, riddles and proverbs. Examples include: the tale of "The Spinning-Woman by the Spring",

Modern usage edit

Main article: List of idioms of improbability

Some modern adynata include:

  • In modern Greek: “The fly ate iron” [7]
  • In Uyghur of China, “To avoid hurting my friend’s feelings, I got pregnant (said by a male).”[8]
  • In Bulgarian: когато цъфнат налъмите (kogato tsâfnat nalâmite, "when the clogs blossom")[9] and когато върбата роди круши (kogato vârbata rodi krushi, "when pears grow on a willow tree").[10] koga se pokači svinja s z´´lti čehli na krusa (when the pig in yellow slippers climbs the pear tree)[11]
  • In Canadian English: "When the Leafs win their 14th Stanley Cup". [citation needed]
  • in Dutch: Als Pasen en Pinksteren op één dag vallen ("when Easter and Pentecost are the same day");[12] from a poem by Gerrit Komrij: "Eer maakt men lakens wit met inkt (...) dan dat ik (...) zeg wat ik thans lijden moet" ("Sooner will sheets be bleached with ink (...) than my suffering revealed by me"). "Op St. Juttemis" ("On St. Jutmas", i.e. the feast day of a nonexistent saint)
  • In Egyptian Arabic: بكرة في المشمش (bukra fil mish-mish, "tomorrow when the apricots bloom")[13][14]
  • In English: When pigs fly!,[15] and Not before Hell freezes over![16] and its derivative A snowball's chance in hell.[17] When the moon turns to green cheese.[11]
  • in Finnish: kun lehmät lentävät ("when cows fly") or kun lipputanko kukkii ("when flagpole blossoms") [18]
  • In French: Quand les poules auront des dents ("When hens grow teeth"), La semaine des quatre jeudis ("The week of the four Thursdays") .[19] "À la St. Glinglin" (on the feast day of the nonexistent St. Glinglin); "Aux calendes grecques" (on the Greek Kalendae, which of course only existed on the Roman calendar)
  • In German: Wenn Schweine fliegen könnten ("When pigs can fly"); Wenn Ostern und Weihnachten zusammenfallen ("When Easter and Christmas coincide")[20]
  • In Hungarian: majd ha piros hó esik ("when it's snowing red")[21]
  • in Romanian: La Paştele Cailor ("on horses' Easter")[22]
  • In Italian: Quando gli asini voleranno ("When donkeys fly").[23]
  • In Latvian: Kad pūcei aste ziedēs ("When an owl's tail blooms")[24]
  • In Levantine Arabic: لما ينوّر الملح (lamma ynawwer al-malħ), ("when salt blooms")[25]
  • In Malay: Tunggu kucing bertanduk ("when cats grow horns").[26]
  • In Malayalam: "കാക്ക മലർന്നു പറക്കും (kākka malarnnu paṟakkuṃ)" ("When [the] crow will fly upside down").[27]
  • In Polish: Prędzej mi kaktus na dłoni wyrośnie ("Sooner the cactus grows on my palm.").
  • In Portuguese: quando as galinhas tiverem dentes ("when hens grow teeth"),[28] nem que a vaca tussa ("not even if the cow coughs"),[29] nem que chovam canivetes ("not even if it rains penknives"), no dia de São Nunca à tarde ("in the afternoon of St. Never's day").[30]
  • In Russian: когда рак на горе свистнет (kogdá rak na goré svístnet, "when the crawfish whistles on the mountain").[31]
  • In Serbian or Croatian: kad na vrbi rodi grožđe ("when grapes grow on a willow").[32]
  • In Slovak: keď budú padať traktory ("when tractors will fall") or na svätého dindi ("On St. Dindi" probably taken from French.)
  • In Spanish: Cuando las vacas vuelen ("When cows fly"),[33] instead of "las vacas" the words "los chanchos" are also used, replacing "the cows" with "the pigs" or, in Spain (presumably) there could also be used Cuando las ranas críen pelo ("When the frogs grow hairs") [34]
  • In Sumerian: “My ox will provide milk for you!”[35]
  • in Swedish: två torsdagar i veckan ("two Thursdays in the same week"). It is also said as "two Sundays in the same week", but other weekdays are rarely used.[36]
  • In Turkish: balık kavağa çıkınca ("when fish climb poplar trees").[37]
  • In Persian: vaght-e gol-e ney ("when bamboo blossoms") [38]

See also edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ . Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26.
  2. ^ Stephen Cushman; Clare Cavanagh; Jahan Ramazani; Paul Rouzer (26 August 2012). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: Fourth Edition. Princeton University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4008-4142-4. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  3. ^ Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2
  4. ^ ἀδύνατος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  5. ^ p. 390. Rowe, Gary. 1965. The adynaton as a stylistic device. The American Journal of Philology 85.4:387-396.
  6. ^ William F. Hansen, Ariadne's Thread: A Guide to International Tales Found in Classical Literature, p. 98
  7. ^ p. 125. Marketos, Babēs I., ed. A Proverb for it: 1510 Greek Sayings. New World Publishers, 1945.
  8. ^ p. 6. Fiddler, Michael. "Friends, enemies, and fools: A collection of Uyghur proverbs." GIALens 11.3: (2017)1-15.
  9. ^ Keti Nicheva (1987). Bŭlgarska frazeologii︠a︡. Nauka i izkustvo. p. 99. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  10. ^ M. Leonidova (1986). Problemy strukturno-semanticheskoĭ tipologii bolgarskikh i russkikh frazelogizmov. Gos. izd-vo Narodna Prosveta. p. 155. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  11. ^ a b "15 - Phraseologisms". LOGOS – Multilingual Translation Portal. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  12. ^ Leon Gillet. Spaans Idiomaticum Herbekeken. Spaans-Nederlands. Academia Press. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-90-382-1141-1. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  13. ^ Al Qasimi, Nouf. "There's an old Arabic proverb: You can have apricots tomorrow". The National. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  14. ^ Al Qasimi, Nouf. "Mish Mish". Jewish Film Institute. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  15. ^ Christine Ammer (1997). The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms. Houghton Mifflin. p. 709. ISBN 978-0-395-72774-4. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  16. ^ Paul Heacock (22 September 2003). Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms. Cambridge University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-521-53271-6. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  17. ^ The Free Dictionary - not have a snowball's chance in hell. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  18. ^ kun lehmät lentävät - Sivistyssanakirja, synonyymit - Suomi Sanakirja. Suomisanakirja.fi. Retrieved on 2013-05-27.
  19. ^ Roy Fuller (1 January 2000). Animal Idioms. Presses Univ. du Mirail. p. 122. ISBN 978-2-85816-539-1. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  20. ^ Derrick De Kerckhove; Martina Leeker; Kerstin Schmidt (2008). McLuhan neu lesen: Kritische Analysen zu Medien und Kultur im 21. Jahrhundert. transcript Verlag. p. 485. ISBN 978-3-89942-762-2. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  21. ^ Éva Szabó (2005). Hungarian Practical Dictionary: Hungarian-English, English-Hungarian. Hippocrene Books. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-7818-1068-5. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  22. ^ Mioara Avram; Marius Sala (2000). May We Introduce the Romanian Language to You?. Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House. p. 157. ISBN 978-973-577-224-6. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  23. ^ Matthew Lawry (25 July 2012). The Phonetic Guide to Italian: Learn Italian in about a Year. AuthorHouse. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-4772-1927-0. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  24. ^ Dzidra Kalnin̦a (2003). Angl̦u-latviešu, latviešu-angl̦u vārdnīca. Avots. ISBN 978-9984-700-90-8. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  25. ^ "لمّا ينوّر الملح". فلسطين أون لاين (in Arabic). 2023-04-04. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  26. ^ Ainon binti Mohd & Abdullah bin Hassan (2005). Kamus Peribahasa Kontemporari - Edisi Ke-2. PTS Professional. p. 431. ISBN 978-983-3376-38-4. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  27. ^ Kattakada. "Malayalam Adynation". Wikisource. Wikimedia. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  28. ^ Cristina Mourón Figueroa; Teresa Moralejo Gárate (1 January 2006). Studies in Contrastive Linguistics: Proceedings of the 4th International Contrastive Linguistics Conference, Santiago de Compostela, September, 2005. Univ Santiago de Compostela. p. 361. ISBN 978-84-9750-648-9. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  29. ^ Azussa Matsuoka; Luciene Ferreira da Silva Guedes (November 2009). "Análise das construções idiomáticas negativas enfáticas" (PDF). Gatilho (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.
  30. ^ Mark G. Nash; Willians Ramos Ferreira (2009). Michaelis Dicionário de Expressões Idiomáticas (Dictionary). Editora Melhoramentos. p. 151. when pigs fly Amer dit (...) Algo como: 'quando a galinha criar dentes'; no dia de São Nunca.
  31. ^ Agnes Arany-Makkai (1 September 1996). Russian Idioms. Barron's. p. 222. ISBN 9780812094367. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  32. ^ Željko Bujas (1999). English-Croatian dictionary. Globus. p. 487. ISBN 9789531670784. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  33. ^ Rafael Ordozgoiti de la Rica; Ignacio Pérez Jiménez (1 January 2003). Imagen de marca. ESIC Editorial. p. 147. ISBN 978-84-7356-342-0. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  34. ^ “Cuando la rana eche pelos”… ¡y realmente lo hizo! ~ Culturizando. Culturizando.com. Retrieved on 2013-05-27.
  35. ^ p. 15, Gordon, Edmund I. "Sumerian Animal Proverbs and Fables:" Collection Five"(Conclusion)." Journal of Cuneiform Studies 12, no. 2 (1958): 43-75.
  36. ^ Hjalmar Bergman (1952). Samlade skrifter: Farmor och vår herre. Bonnier. p. 137. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  37. ^ Hacettepe University journal of the Faculty of Letters. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi. 2001. p. 50. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  38. ^ "معنی وقت گل نی | واژه‌نامه آزاد". www.vajehyab.com.

References and further reading edit

  • Ronald Grambo, Adynaton Symbols in Proverbs. A Few Fragmentary Remarks (pp. 456–458). Proverbium 15. Helsinki 1970.
  • Martti Haavio, Omöjlighetssymboler i finsk epik (pp. 73-83). Sed och Sägen 1956.
  • Myers, J., Wukasch, D. Dictionary of poetic terms.
  • Henrik Ibsens Skrifter Brand. Peer Gynt. Universitetet i Oslo. H. Aschehoug & Co. (William Nygaard). Oslo 2007. ISBN 82-03-19002-2.
  • Opata, D. "Adynaton Symbols in Igbo Proverbial Usage." Lore & Languages, VI (1) (1987): 51–57.

External links edit

  •   The dictionary definition of adynaton at Wiktionary

May 24, 2024
adynaton, ɑː, plural, adynata, figure, speech, form, hyperbole, taken, such, extreme, lengths, insinuate, complete, impossibility, will, sooner, have, beard, grow, palm, hand, than, shall, cheek, word, derives, from, greek, ἀδύνατον, adunaton, neuter, ἀδύνατος. Adynaton ˌ ae d ɪ ˈ n ɑː t ɒ n t en 1 plural adynata is a figure of speech in the form of hyperbole taken to such extreme lengths as to insinuate a complete impossibility 2 I will sooner have a beard grow in the palm of my hand than he shall get one on his cheek 3 The word derives from the Greek ἀdynaton adunaton neuter of ἀdynatos adunatos unable impossible a without dynasthai to be possible or powerful 4 Contents 1 Classical and medieval usage 2 Fiction folklore and drama 3 Modern usage 4 See also 5 Citations 6 References and further reading 7 External linksClassical and medieval usage editAdynaton was a widespread literary and rhetorical device during the Classical Period In the Eclogue of Plutarch there is a long list of proverbs and the first section is titled PERI TWN ADYNATWN consisting of proverbs that are built on adynaton 5 The adynaton form was often used for vows and covenants such as in the 16th Epode of Horace 25 34 Its plural form adynata was translated in Latin as impossibilia A frequent usage was to refer to one highly unlikely event occurring sooner than another One can expect an agreement between philosophers sooner than between clocks Seneca The Pumpkinification of Claudius Zenobius s collection of proverbial expressions includes to count sand to characterize something impossible or unattainable 6 However it largely fell into disuse during the Middle Ages before undergoing a minor revival in the works of romantic poets who would boast of the power of their love and how it could never end Together we shall sooner see I amp you The Rhone tarry amp reverse its course The Saone roil amp return to source Than this my fire ever die down Maurice SceveFiction folklore and drama editAdynata are sometimes used within works of fiction or drama Part heat from fire then by that notion Part frost from snow wet from the ocean Ask less Henrik Ibsen Brand Impossible tasks appear often in legends and folklore and can form elements of ballads riddles and proverbs Examples include the tale of The Spinning Woman by the Spring Modern usage editMain article List of idioms of improbability Some modern adynata include In modern Greek The fly ate iron 7 In Uyghur of China To avoid hurting my friend s feelings I got pregnant said by a male 8 In Bulgarian kogato cfnat nalmite kogato tsafnat nalamite when the clogs blossom 9 and kogato vrbata rodi krushi kogato varbata rodi krushi when pears grow on a willow tree 10 koga se pokaci svinja s z lti cehli na krusa when the pig in yellow slippers climbs the pear tree 11 In Canadian English When the Leafs win their 14th Stanley Cup citation needed in Dutch Als Pasen en Pinksteren op een dag vallen when Easter and Pentecost are the same day 12 from a poem by Gerrit Komrij Eer maakt men lakens wit met inkt dan dat ik zeg wat ik thans lijden moet Sooner will sheets be bleached with ink than my suffering revealed by me Op St Juttemis On St Jutmas i e the feast day of a nonexistent saint In Egyptian Arabic بكرة في المشمش bukra fil mish mish tomorrow when the apricots bloom 13 14 In English When pigs fly 15 and Not before Hell freezes over 16 and its derivative A snowball s chance in hell 17 When the moon turns to green cheese 11 in Finnish kun lehmat lentavat when cows fly or kun lipputanko kukkii when flagpole blossoms 18 In French Quand les poules auront des dents When hens grow teeth La semaine des quatre jeudis The week of the four Thursdays 19 A la St Glinglin on the feast day of the nonexistent St Glinglin Aux calendes grecques on the Greek Kalendae which of course only existed on the Roman calendar In German Wenn Schweine fliegen konnten When pigs can fly Wenn Ostern und Weihnachten zusammenfallen When Easter and Christmas coincide 20 In Hungarian majd ha piros ho esik when it s snowing red 21 in Romanian La Pastele Cailor on horses Easter 22 In Italian Quando gli asini voleranno When donkeys fly 23 In Latvian Kad pucei aste ziedes When an owl s tail blooms 24 In Levantine Arabic لما ينو ر الملح lamma ynawwer al malħ when salt blooms 25 In Malay Tunggu kucing bertanduk when cats grow horns 26 In Malayalam ക ക ക മലർന ന പറക ക kakka malarnnu paṟakkuṃ When the crow will fly upside down 27 In Polish Predzej mi kaktus na dloni wyrosnie Sooner the cactus grows on my palm In Portuguese quando as galinhas tiverem dentes when hens grow teeth 28 nem que a vaca tussa not even if the cow coughs 29 nem que chovam canivetes not even if it rains penknives no dia de Sao Nunca a tarde in the afternoon of St Never s day 30 In Russian kogda rak na gore svistnet kogda rak na gore svistnet when the crawfish whistles on the mountain 31 In Serbian or Croatian kad na vrbi rodi grozđe when grapes grow on a willow 32 In Slovak ked budu padat traktory when tractors will fall or na svateho dindi On St Dindi probably taken from French In Spanish Cuando las vacas vuelen When cows fly 33 instead of las vacas the words los chanchos are also used replacing the cows with the pigs or in Spain presumably there could also be used Cuando las ranas crien pelo When the frogs grow hairs 34 In Sumerian My ox will provide milk for you 35 in Swedish tva torsdagar i veckan two Thursdays in the same week It is also said as two Sundays in the same week but other weekdays are rarely used 36 In Turkish balik kavaga cikinca when fish climb poplar trees 37 In Persian vaght e gol e ney when bamboo blossoms 38 See also editAposiopesis Black swan theory Nonsense Paradox Pataphysics Scarborough Fair ballad Citations edit adynaton Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 2020 11 26 Stephen Cushman Clare Cavanagh Jahan Ramazani Paul Rouzer 26 August 2012 The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics Fourth Edition Princeton University Press p 9 ISBN 978 1 4008 4142 4 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Shakespeare Henry IV Part 2 ἀdynatos Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus p 390 Rowe Gary 1965 The adynaton as a stylistic device The American Journal of Philology 85 4 387 396 William F Hansen Ariadne s Thread A Guide to International Tales Found in Classical Literature p 98 p 125 Marketos Babes I ed A Proverb for it 1510 Greek Sayings New World Publishers 1945 p 6 Fiddler Michael Friends enemies and fools A collection of Uyghur proverbs GIALens 11 3 2017 1 15 Keti Nicheva 1987 Bŭlgarska frazeologii a Nauka i izkustvo p 99 Retrieved 24 September 2013 M Leonidova 1986 Problemy strukturno semanticheskoĭ tipologii bolgarskikh i russkikh frazelogizmov Gos izd vo Narodna Prosveta p 155 Retrieved 24 September 2013 a b 15 Phraseologisms LOGOS Multilingual Translation Portal Retrieved 20 February 2024 Leon Gillet Spaans Idiomaticum Herbekeken Spaans Nederlands Academia Press pp 185 ISBN 978 90 382 1141 1 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Al Qasimi Nouf There s an old Arabic proverb You can have apricots tomorrow The National Retrieved 18 August 2023 Al Qasimi Nouf Mish Mish Jewish Film Institute Retrieved 18 August 2023 Christine Ammer 1997 The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms Houghton Mifflin p 709 ISBN 978 0 395 72774 4 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Paul Heacock 22 September 2003 Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms Cambridge University Press p 184 ISBN 978 0 521 53271 6 Retrieved 24 September 2013 The Free Dictionary not have a snowball s chance in hell Retrieved on 2013 07 15 kun lehmat lentavat Sivistyssanakirja synonyymit Suomi Sanakirja Suomisanakirja fi Retrieved on 2013 05 27 Roy Fuller 1 January 2000 Animal Idioms Presses Univ du Mirail p 122 ISBN 978 2 85816 539 1 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Derrick De Kerckhove Martina Leeker Kerstin Schmidt 2008 McLuhan neu lesen Kritische Analysen zu Medien und Kultur im 21 Jahrhundert transcript Verlag p 485 ISBN 978 3 89942 762 2 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Eva Szabo 2005 Hungarian Practical Dictionary Hungarian English English Hungarian Hippocrene Books p 431 ISBN 978 0 7818 1068 5 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Mioara Avram Marius Sala 2000 May We Introduce the Romanian Language to You Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House p 157 ISBN 978 973 577 224 6 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Matthew Lawry 25 July 2012 The Phonetic Guide to Italian Learn Italian in about a Year AuthorHouse p 285 ISBN 978 1 4772 1927 0 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Dzidra Kalnin a 2003 Angl u latviesu latviesu angl u vardnica Avots ISBN 978 9984 700 90 8 Retrieved 24 September 2013 لم ا ينو ر الملح فلسطين أون لاين in Arabic 2023 04 04 Retrieved 2024 03 08 Ainon binti Mohd amp Abdullah bin Hassan 2005 Kamus Peribahasa Kontemporari Edisi Ke 2 PTS Professional p 431 ISBN 978 983 3376 38 4 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Kattakada Malayalam Adynation Wikisource Wikimedia Retrieved 22 August 2015 Cristina Mouron Figueroa Teresa Moralejo Garate 1 January 2006 Studies in Contrastive Linguistics Proceedings of the 4th International Contrastive Linguistics Conference Santiago de Compostela September 2005 Univ Santiago de Compostela p 361 ISBN 978 84 9750 648 9 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Azussa Matsuoka Luciene Ferreira da Silva Guedes November 2009 Analise das construcoes idiomaticas negativas enfaticas PDF Gatilho in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Mark G Nash Willians Ramos Ferreira 2009 Michaelis Dicionario de Expressoes Idiomaticas Dictionary Editora Melhoramentos p 151 when pigs fly Amer dit Algo como quando a galinha criar dentes no dia de Sao Nunca Agnes Arany Makkai 1 September 1996 Russian Idioms Barron s p 222 ISBN 9780812094367 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Zeljko Bujas 1999 English Croatian dictionary Globus p 487 ISBN 9789531670784 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Rafael Ordozgoiti de la Rica Ignacio Perez Jimenez 1 January 2003 Imagen de marca ESIC Editorial p 147 ISBN 978 84 7356 342 0 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Cuando la rana eche pelos y realmente lo hizo Culturizando Culturizando com Retrieved on 2013 05 27 p 15 Gordon Edmund I Sumerian Animal Proverbs and Fables Collection Five Conclusion Journal of Cuneiform Studies 12 no 2 1958 43 75 Hjalmar Bergman 1952 Samlade skrifter Farmor och var herre Bonnier p 137 Retrieved 24 September 2013 Hacettepe University journal of the Faculty of Letters Hacettepe Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi 2001 p 50 Retrieved 24 September 2013 معنی وقت گل نی واژه نامه آزاد www vajehyab com References and further reading editSome Notes on the Adynaton in Medieval Literature Ronald Grambo Adynaton Symbols in Proverbs A Few Fragmentary Remarks pp 456 458 Proverbium 15 Helsinki 1970 Martti Haavio Omojlighetssymboler i finsk epik pp 73 83 Sed och Sagen 1956 Myers J Wukasch D Dictionary of poetic terms Henrik Ibsens Skrifter Brand Peer Gynt Universitetet i Oslo H Aschehoug amp Co William Nygaard Oslo 2007 ISBN 82 03 19002 2 Opata D Adynaton Symbols in Igbo Proverbial Usage Lore amp Languages VI 1 1987 51 57 External links edit nbsp The dictionary definition of adynaton at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adynaton amp oldid 1222869329, 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