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2019–20 European windstorm season

January 30, 2023

The 2019–20 European windstorm season was the fifth instance of seasonal European windstorm naming in Europe. This is the first season in which the Netherlands participates, joining Ireland's and the United Kingdom's meteorological agencies. The new season's storm names were released on 6 September 2019. In July 2019, it was announced that storm seasons would run from 1 September 2019 to 1 September 2020.[1][2] The Portuguese, Spanish and French meteorological agencies again collaborated too, joined by the Belgian meteorological agency.

2019–20 European windstorm season
Map of systems formed in this season.
First storm formed2 October 2019 (2019-10-02)
Last storm dissipated26 September 2020 (2020-09-26)
Strongest storm1Dennis
920 mbar (27.2 inHg)
Strongest wind gust230 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn)
Total storms22
Total damage£895 million
(€1.06 billion)
Total fatalities78 (+12 missing)
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non-mountainous wind gust is also included for reference.

Background and naming

Main article: Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland

In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a pilot project to name storm warnings as part of the "Name our Storms" project for wind storms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–16 through to 2017–18, common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service, when a storm is assessed to have the potential for an Amber ('be prepared') or Red ('take action (danger to life)') warning.

There are two main naming lists: one created by the national meteorological agencies of the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, and another created by the equivalent agencies from France, Spain, Portugal and Belgium. Additionally, former Atlantic hurricanes will retain their names as assigned by the National Hurricane Center of the United States.[3]

United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands

The following names have been selected for the 2019–2020 season:[4][5]

  • Hugh (unused)
  • Iris (unused)
  • Jan (unused)
  • Kitty (unused)
  • Liam (unused)
  • Maura (unused)
  • Noah (unused)
  • Olivia (unused)
  • Piet (unused)
  • Róisín (unused)
  • Samir (unused)
  • Tara (unused)
  • Vince (unused)
  • Willow (unused)

'Liam' was chosen through a poll made by Met Éireann on Twitter.[6]

France, Spain, Portugal and Belgium

This will be the third year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal will be naming storms which affect their areas. This naming scheme is partially overlapping with that used by the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, as storms named by the other group of agencies will be used reciprocally.[7][8]

The following names have been selected for the 2019–2020 season:[9]

  • Amélie
  • Bernardo
  • Cecilia
  • Daniel
  • Elsa
  • Fabien
  • Gloria
  • Hervé
  • Inès
  • Jorge
  • Karine
  • Leon
  • Myriam
  • Norberto
  • Odette
  • Prosper (unused)
  • Raquel (unused)
  • Simon (unused)
  • Teresa (unused)
  • Valentin (unused)
  • Wanda (unused)

Other naming systems

Two former Atlantic systems (One of them being a hurricane and the other being a tropical storm) transitioned into a European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida:

Besides these naming systems, the Free University of Berlin also names high and low pressure areas through its "Adopt a vortex" programme. The Nordic nations of Denmark, Norway and Sweden also name storms with more limited reciprocation.[10] Other nations may also name storms either through their national meteorological institutions or popularly.

Season summary

2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Odette2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Francis2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Ellen2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Norberto2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Myriam2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Leon2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Karine2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm JorgeStorm Dennis2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm InèsStorm Ciara2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm HervéStorm Gloria2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Brendan2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Fabien2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Elsa2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Daniel2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Atiyah2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Sebastien2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Cecilia2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm Bernardo2019–20 European windstorm season#Storm AmélieHurricane Lorenzo (2019)

The first system of the season was Storm Lorenzo, when Met Éireann issued yellow wind warnings for Ireland and an orange warning for the western coastal counties.[11] The storm consisted of the remnants of Hurricane Lorenzo, which had turned extratropical.[12] The next named system was Amélie, named by Météo-France on 1 November.[13][14] Storm Bernardo was named next, by the Spanish meteorological agency, AEMET. This system primarily affected the Balearic Islands.[15] Cecilia was named next by AEMET, when the agency warned of rain and wind on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.[16]

On 6 December, the Irish meteorological agency named Atiyah, the first system to receive its name from the Irish, British and Dutch storm naming list.[17] After Atiyah passed, storms Daniel, Elsa and Fabien were named in quick succession on 15, 16 and 18 December, respectively.[9][18] Storms Brendan and Gloria were next to be named by Met Éireann and AEMET, respectively, after a quiet start to January 2020. Hervé was named by Météo-France on 3 February, after the agency expected wind gusts of up to 140 km/h (87 mph; 76 kn) at Corsica's coast.[19] A few days later, on 5 February, Ciara was named by Met Office, warning of heavy rain and gales throughout the United Kingdom.[20]

Following Ciara, Dennis was named by the Met Office on 11 February 2020. The agency warned of heavy rain and gales across the United Kingdom.[21] A day later, Inès was named by the French meteorological agency. The agency warned of wind speeds up to 130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn) in the northern part of France on 13 February.[22][23] The Spanish meteorological agency named Jorge next, warning of seas 4 to 5 m (13 to 16 ft) high on 29 February through 2 March and snow around 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[24] Following Jorge, Karine, Leon, Myriam and Norberto were named in quick succession, on 29 February, 1, 3 and 5 March, respectively. Karine was named by AEMET, while Leon, Myriam and Norberto were named by Météo-France.[9]

Storms

Storm Lorenzo

Storm Lorenzo
 
Storm Lorenzo after passing through the Azores on 2 October
 
Track and intensity of Lorenzo at six-hour intervals according to the NHC and OPC
Area affectedAzores, Ireland, United Kingdom
Date of impact2 October – 7 October
Maximum wind gust107 km/h (66 mph; 58 kn)
Lowest pressure966 mbar (28.5 inHg)
Fatalities20
Power outages20,000
Damage£285 million (€340 million)
Main article: Hurricane Lorenzo (2019)

The National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida began monitoring a tropical wave emerging from the west coast of Africa on 19 September, which subsequently developed into Hurricane Lorenzo by 25 September. The system continued to intensify, ultimately becoming the easternmost Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic Ocean. On 26 September, the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) began issuing advisories for Hurricane Lorenzo.[25] The National Hurricane Center issued hurricane and tropical storm watches on 30 September for the Azores,[26] which were later upgraded to warnings.[27]

Lorenzo began undergoing extratropical transition on 2 October, while passing over the Azores a few hours before the National Hurricane Center issued their 09:00 UTC advisory.[28] The subsequent (and final) advisory stated that Lorenzo had become a post-tropical cyclone,[12] which was subsequently named Storm Lorenzo by Met Éireann[11] as they issued a yellow warning of wind for the entirety of Ireland, as well as an orange warning for the western coastal counties.[29][11] The Met Office issued yellow wind warnings for Northern Ireland, Cornwall and parts of Devon and south-west Wales.[11]

On 3 October, the M6 Buoy, located about 400 km (250 mi) west of Mace Head, Galway, recorded a pressure of 969 mbar (28.6 inHg) near Lorenzo's centre.[30] The same buoy also recorded a maximum wave height of 12.5 m (41 ft).[31] On 4 October, while the storm was passing across Ireland, new weather warnings were issued for the counties of Clare, Galway, Longford, Mayo, Roscommon and Westmeath.[32] The highest recorded wind gust was 107 km/h (66 mph), with the highest 10-minute mean at 87 km/h (54 mph), both recorded at Mace Head.[33]

Storm Lorenzo continued to weaken as it moved away from Ireland into the Irish Sea, with the United States-based Ocean Prediction Center ceasing to monitor Lorenzo on 4 October after it crossed the United Kingdom.[34] Now little more than a weak frontal zone, Storm Lorenzo made landfall in northern Germany on 5 October,[35] subsequently moving over eastern Europe the following day[36] before dissipating on 7 October while moving into Russia.[37]

Power was cut to almost 20,000 homes in Ireland at the height of the storm, with flooding occurring throughout the country.[38] The River Eske partially flooded Donegal as result of nearly 50 mm (2.0 in) of rain falling as high tide was approaching. The amount of damage country-wide, however, was less than anticipated.[39] The storm's only known fatality while it was extratropical occurred when a tree fell on a person in Stafford.[40] However, Lorenzo had been responsible for nineteen further fatalities, including seven crew members of the capsized French cargo ship Bourbon Rhode who were never found.[41] During its combined lifespan as a major hurricane and a European windstorm, Lorenzo caused at least £285 million (€340 million) in damage.[42]

Storm Amélie (Arne)

Storm Amélie
 
Amélie over the Atlantic Ocean, 2 November
 
Track and intensity of Storm Amélie at six-hour intervals according to the OPC
Area affectedFrance, Spain, Italy
Date of impact31 October – 9 November
Maximum wind gust189 km/h (117 mph; 102 kn)
Lowest pressure972 mbar (28.7 inHg)
Fatalities1
Power outages140,000
Damage£110 million (€120 million)

The low-pressure system that would later become Amélie was first noted on 31 October between Canada and Greenland over the Labrador Sea.[43] After emerging into the open Atlantic, the system was named Storm Amélie by Météo-France[14] on 1 November.[13] The French meteorological agency expected wind gusts up to and possibly surpassing 160 km/h (99 mph; 86 kn) locally at the western coast at the time of naming the storm.[44][45]

Storm Amélie underwent explosive cyclogenesis on 2 November while located over the open north Atlantic,[46] reaching a minimum central pressure of 972 mbar (28.7 inHg).[47] Amélie subsequently made landfall on Brittany's Atlantic coast in the early hours of 3 November, bringing wind gusts of to 163 km/h (101 mph; 88 kn) at Cap Ferret. Amélie also brought wind gusts up to 170 km/h (110 mph; 92 kn) along the northern coast of Spain, including a record-setting 130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn) gust for Santander Airport.[48] The highest wind gust recorded from Amélie was at Cagnano in Haute-Corse on Corsica, reaching 189 km/h (117 mph; 102 kn).[48]

Besides causing numerous fallen trees and power outages for 140,000 properties,[49] Amélie also triggered a landslide in Nice in the south of France, resulting in the only known fatality from the storm.[50] The SNCF temporarily closed a TGV line between Hendaye and Bordeaux due to debris on the tracks, causing some 2,000 passengers to be stranded for up to 15 hours.[51] Damage from Amélie across France, Italy and Spain totalled more than £110 million (€120 million).[42]

After the centre of Amélie moved inland over northern France, it gradually tracked eastwards and then north-eastwards.[48] Amélie passed over Belgium and the Netherlands on 3 November and then over Germany on 4 November, while steadily weakening.[52][53] After crossing Poland on 5 November as a weak frontal boundary,[54] Amélie stalled over the Baltic states on 6 November,[55] before being absorbed by an approaching warm front over Estonia on 9 November.[56]

Storm Bernardo (Detlef)

Storm Bernardo
 
Bernardo just offshore of Algeria on 11 November
 
Track and intensity of Storm Bernardo at six-hour intervals according to the Met Office
Area affectedSpain, Algeria, Italy
Date of impact7 November – 18 November
Maximum wind gust111 km/h (69 mph; 60 kn)
Lowest pressure996 mbar (29.4 inHg)
Fatalities1
DamageMinimal

The precursor to Storm Bernardo was first noted as a deep low over north-eastern Canada on 7 November.[57] After considerably weakening and crossing the Atlantic without any notable impacts, the system was named Bernardo by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET) on 9 November as it was approaching the Iberian Peninsula from the Bay of Biscay.[15] Bernardo crossed northern Spain and emerged into the Mediterranean Sea, affecting the Balearic Islands on 10 November with wind gusts of up to 111 km/h (69 mph; 60 kn) recorded in the Alfabia Mountains along the north-west coast of Mallorca.[58] On 11 November, Bernardo strengthened to its peak intensity of 996 mbar (29.4 inHg)[59] and formed an eye-like feature, leading several media outlets to report that the storm had medicane-like characteristics.[60] However, AEMET did not confirm that the storm had reached medicane status.[58]

After losing its brief eye-like feature, Bernardo followed the coast of Algeria, remaining closely offshore as it moved eastwards across the Mediterranean before stalling over southern Italy for two days.[61][62][63] Bernardo then accelerated to the north-east as a weak frontal boundary, moving over the Baltic states on 14 November[64] and into northern Russia on 15 November.[65] After briefly reintensifying and then weakening once more, Bernardo was last noted as a weak low over Siberia on 18 November.[66]

When first issuing warnings for Storm Bernardo, AEMET expected wave heights of up to 6 m (20 ft) around the Balearic Islands and along the coast of several Spanish provinces bordering the Bay of Biscay. They also forecasted precipitation up to 20 cm (7.9 in) in the form of snow over the Cantabrian Mountains above 1,000 m (3,300 ft), and rainfall up to 50 mm (2.0 in) within 12 hours in the provinces of Cantabria, Navarra, Basque Country and Asturias. In Asturias, the regional meteorological agency warned of the risk of avalanches due to snow accumulation.[67] Wind gusts were forecasted to reach up to 110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn).[68] However, impacts from Bernardo were ultimately minimal. A fallen tree in Mallorca caused the only known fatality from the storm, and little damage was reported along its track.[69]

Storm Cecilia (Luis)

Storm Cecilia
 
Storm Cecilia approaching Italy on 24 November
 
Track and intensity of Storm Cecilia at six-hour intervals according to the OPC
Area affectedSpain
Date of impact16 November – 29 November
Maximum wind gust163 km/h (101 mph; 88 kn)
Lowest pressure974 mbar (28.8 inHg)
Fatalities0
DamageMinimal

The precursor to Storm Cecila was first noted as a developing low between the Carolinas and Bermuda on 16 November.[70] It subsequently deepened and slowly moved north-eastwards parallel to the East Coast of the United States,[71] before crossing Newfoundland and emerging into the open Atlantic by 21 November.[72] At this point, the system was named Cecilia by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), who issued warnings for rain and wind impacts across the Iberian Peninsula and on the Balearic Islands.[16] Weather warnings were also issued in southern and coastal western France.[73]

Cecila intensified as it crossed the Atlantic and reached its peak intensity of 974 mbar (28.8 inHg) in the Bay of Biscay on 23 November before making landfall in northern Spain.[74] Along the coast, wind gusts of up to 163 km/h (101 mph; 88 kn) were recorded at Cap Machichaco in Biscay province.[75] During the storm, a chemical transport ship ran aground at the Galician coast.[76] However, overall impacts were minimal across Spain.

Cecilia weakened as it crossed the Iberian Peninsula and emerged into the Mediterranean Sea, crossing Italy as a weak frontal system on 25 November.[77] Continuing slowly eastwards, Cecilia was last noted over the Black Sea on 28 November[78] before being absorbed by Storm Sebastien over southern Ukraine on 29 November.[79]

Storm Sebastien

See also: 2019 Atlantic hurricane season § Tropical Storm Sebastien
Storm Sebastien
 
Sebastien re-intensifying after completing its extratropical transition on 25 November
 
Track and intensity of Sebastien at six-hour intervals according to the NHC and OPC
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom
Date of impact24 November – 1 December
Maximum wind gust80 km/h (50 mph; 43 kn)
Lowest pressure980 mbar (29 inHg)
Fatalities0
DamageMinimal

A large area of disturbed weather persisted over the central subtropical Atlantic in mid-November. On 19 November, this area of thunderstorm activity developed sufficiently to be designated Tropical Storm Sebastien by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida.[80] After several days of slow movement, Sebastien accelerated towards the north-east and began slowly losing tropical characteristics. The system completed its extratropical transition late on 24 November,[80] becoming extratropical Storm Sebastien in the process.[81][82]

After becoming extratropical, Storm Sebastien began to re-intensify as it was now situated in a favourable baroclinic environment. Shortly before landfall on the south coast of Ireland on 26 November, Sebastien reached its peak intensity of around 980 mbar (29 inHg).[83] Sebastien maintained this intensity for around two days as it crossed Ireland and the United Kingdom and entered the North Sea, before slowly weakening as it made landfall in Denmark on 29 November.[79] Around this time, Sebastien absorbed the remnants of Storm Cecilia to its south-east. Sebastien continued to weaken as it accelerated north-eastwards into European Russia, finally being absorbed by a larger low-pressure system to its north by 1 December.[84]

Heavy rainfall was the primary threat from Storm Sebastien. As the storm approached the United Kingdom, the Met Office issued yellow weather warnings for heavy rainfall in Northern England, South West England and South Wales. Many of these areas had already been impacted by ongoing flooding, and the Environment Agency issued seven "danger to life" flood warnings in Yorkshire and 60 flood alerts across England and Wales as a result.[82] Storm surge flooding coinciding with high spring tides and high coastal winds of up to 80 km/h (50 mph; 43 kn)[85] presented additional hazards, with waves forecasted to reach up to 6.7 m (22 ft).[86]

Across southern England, up to 60 mm (2.4 in) of rain was recorded as Sebastien made landfall on 27 November.[82] However, impacts from Storm Sebastien were ultimately less severe than anticipated. Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms caused disruption in the London area.[87] Flooding and wind damage was reported on the Isle of Wight.[88] Minor coastal flooding was also reported in the Fareham area, although far less severe than had been forecasted.[89]

Storm Atiyah (Rudi)

Storm Atiyah
 
Atiyah developing over the far north Atlantic on 7 December
 
Track and intensity of Atiyah at six-hour intervals according to the Met Office and OPC
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France
Date of impact5 December – 13 December
Maximum wind gust150.1 km/h (93.3 mph; 81.0 kn)
Lowest pressure956 mbar (28.2 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outages34,000
Damage£40 million (€44 million)

A low was first noted to be developing off the coast of New England by the Ocean Prediction Center on 5 December.[90] The following day, as the low continued to develop and move eastwards across the far north Atlantic, Met Éireann named the system Atiyah and issued orange wind warnings for the western counties of Ireland and yellow warnings for the remainder of the country. At that time, the agency expected mean wind speeds of 65 to 80 km/h (40 to 50 mph; 35 to 43 kn) and gusts of up to 130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn) on 8 December across Ireland.[91] On 8 December, a red weather warning was issued for County Kerry due to the increasing risk of high wind impacts.[92]

The centre of Storm Atiyah passed just to the north of Scotland on 8 December at its peak intensity of 956 mbar (28.2 inHg).[93] High winds were recorded across the United Kingdom and Ireland, cutting power to 34,000 homes,[94][95][96] downing trees and causing disruption throughout both countries.[94][95][96] The highest recorded wind gust in the United Kingdom was on The Needles Old Battery, at 83 mph (134 km/h; 72 kn).[97] The Kernow Weather Team recorded an unofficial wind gust of 96 mph (154 km/h; 83 kn) in Illogan, Cornwall,[96] although this gust wasn't recorded at an official Met Office station.

As Atiyah moved eastwards away from Scotland into the Norwegian Sea, a strong pressure gradient existed between the centre of the storm and an area of high pressure centred over the Alps which brought high winds to the Netherlands on 8 and 9 December, with gusts of around 90 to 100 km/h (56 to 62 mph; 49 to 54 kn) and heavy showers sweeping across the country.[98] Météo-France recorded the highest confirmed wind gust related to Atiyah of 150.1 km/h (93.3 mph; 81.0 kn), recorded at Cap Bear in Pyrénées-Orientales, France.[99]

After widespread impacts across western Europe, Atiyah continued to move away from the region, making landfall in northern Norway on 10 December.[100] Atiyah weakened rapidly as it continued eastwards, and it was last noted as a weak frontal system over Siberia on 13 December.[101] Throughout its lifespan, Atiyah caused at least £40 million (€44 million) in damage.[42]

Storm Daniel (Xander)

Storm Daniel
 
Daniel approaching the Iberian Peninsula on 16 December
 
Track and intensity of Daniel at six-hour intervals according to the Met Office and OPC
Area affectedIberian Peninsula
Date of impact15 December – 21 December
Maximum wind gust135 km/h (84 mph; 73 kn)
Lowest pressure982 mbar (29.0 inHg)
Fatalities0
DamageMinimal

Storm Daniel developed as a weak disturbance along a cold front a short distance offshore of Portugal on 15 December,[102] and it was officially named by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET) later that day.[9] The agency issued an orange warning for Asturias, citing possible wave heights of 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft) at the coast. The agency further warned for wave heights of up to 7 m (23 ft) around the Canary Islands, heavy snowfall over high ground, and winds gusting to over 120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn).[103]

After making landfall in Portugal, Storm Daniel moved north-eastwards across the Iberian Peninsula into the Bay of Biscay, making a second landfall in southern Brittany, France as a weak trough on 17 December.[104] Accelerating north-eastwards across Benelux and Denmark, Daniel began to slowly intensify, reaching its peak intensity of 982 mbar (29.0 inHg)[105] over southern Finland on 19 December.[106] Daniel subsequently began to weaken and unravel as a coherent system, dissipating over western Russia by 21 December.[107]

During the passage of Storm Daniel, the use of snow chains on car tyres became necessary to navigate sections of the N-630 road in central Spain, while the Puerto de Pajares mountain pass was closed to trucks, articulated vehicles and buses due to blizzard conditions.[108] The strongest wind gust from Storm Daniel was measured at La Pinilla ski resort in Segovia, Spain, reaching 135 km/h (84 mph; 73 kn).[109] 108.8 mm (4.28 in) of rain fell at Riaño, León during the passage of the storm.[109] Overall, however, damage and disruption from Storm Daniel was minimal.

Storm Elsa (Yadid)

Storm Elsa
 
Storm Elsa approaching Ireland on 18 December
 
Track and intensity of Storm Elsa at six-hour intervals according to the OPC
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway
Date of impact13 December – 22 December
Maximum wind gust168 km/h (104 mph; 91 kn)
Lowest pressure961 mbar (28.4 inHg)
Fatalities8
Power outages140,000
Damage£74 million (€81 million)

Storm Elsa originated as an area of low pressure which formed over the Gulf of Mexico on 13 December[110] and subsequently tracked gradually north-eastward, bottoming out at 961 mbar (28.4 inHg) along the coast of Canada on 16 December.[111] At this time, the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) named the low Elsa.[9] The same day, AEMET issued wind warnings for Spain relating to Storm Elsa with forecasted maximum wind speeds of 100 to 120 km/h (62 to 75 mph; 54 to 65 kn).[18] After being named, Elsa moved away from Canada into the open Atlantic[112] and stalled for four days to the west of the British Isles, fluctuating in intensity.[113][114][115][116] On 21 December, Elsa finally began accelerating to the east ahead of Storm Fabien, which was approaching Elsa from the west. Elsa passed north of Scotland and made landfall in Norway before being absorbed by an unnamed secondary low, approaching from the south, by 22 December.[117]

As Storm Elsa slowly approached, Met Éireann issued a nationwide yellow weather warning for Ireland, followed on 18 December by an upgrade to an orange warning for County Cork.[118] The yellow warnings for counties Galway and Mayo were further upgraded to orange warnings at 20:00 local time that day, around an hour before the storm made its closest and most intense approach to Ireland.[119] Severe flooding and extreme gusts were reported along the County Galway coastline. Close to 22:00, a storm surge breached the Promenade on Salthill in Galway City; over 50 cars were lost to the floodwaters. Besides the flooding, a ship ran aground after being forced onto coastal rocks by rough seas.[120] Severe flooding was also reported in the Spanish Arch, Port of Galway, Oranmore and Kinvara areas of Galway.[121] Gusts of up to 125 km/h (78 mph; 67 kn) were reported at the Mace Head weather station on the West Galway coast. Fallen trees were reported across the city and county, blocking numerous roads leading to Galway City.[122] Around 22:30, Galway City Council activated its Emergency Response Plan and issued a notice warning people to stay indoors and to remain there unless it was of extreme importance. A similar warning was issued by Galway County Council. Members of the Gardaí, National Ambulance Service, Galway Fire Service and Civil Defence Ireland were deployed to Salthill and conducted searches on cars trapped in floodwaters.[119]

Severe weather associated with Storm Elsa resulted in eight fatalities, primarily in southern Europe.[123] The highest wind gust recorded during the storm was 168 km/h (104 mph; 91 kn), which was reached at Cerler-Cogulla in Huesca, Spain.[124] More than 140,000 properties lost electricity during the passage of the storm,[125] and damage totals ultimately reached at least £74 million (€81 million).[42] In the aftermath of Storm Elsa, Met Éireann's short notice of upgrading weather warnings around one hour before the storm hit the counties of Mayo and Galway was criticized. The agency defended their warnings, citing that "the nature of forecasting is that it is never certain [...]" and that they issue warnings when they see fit.[120]

Storm Fabien (Ailton)

Storm Fabien
 
Storm Fabien approaching northern France on 21 December
 
Track and intensity of Storm Fabien at six-hour intervals according to the OPC
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom
Date of impact17 December – 29 December
Maximum wind gust206 km/h (128 mph; 111 kn)
Lowest pressure963 mbar (28.4 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outages180,000
Damage£95 million (€100 million)

The system that would go on to become Storm Fabien formed as the easternmost of a series of weak lows which developed as disturbances along a stationary front situated across the southern United States on 17 December.[126] The low broke free from this front and drifted northeastwards along the east coast of the United States, emerging into the Atlantic Ocean east of Newfoundland on 19 December. At that time, the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET) named the low Fabien, warning for wind speeds of 100 to 120 km/h (62 to 75 mph; 54 to 65 kn) and wave heights of 9 m (30 ft).[18] Météo-France issued orange warnings for fifteen departments in the south-west of France.[127]

Storm Fabien rapidly intensified as it crossed the Atlantic, its progress slightly slowed down by the presence of Storm Elsa which had already been situated almost stationary over the north Atlantic for several days prior to Fabien's formation. After initially pushing Elsa along ahead of itself, Fabien subsequently accelerated to the south of Elsa and reached its peak intensity of 963 mbar (28.4 inHg)[128] while approaching landfall in South West England on 21 December.[129] After crossing southern England, Fabien began to slow down and weaken, crossing over central Europe on 23 December[130] before stalling for several days while centred over Cyprus as a weak trough along a stationary front from 24 December.[131][132][133] After slowly drifting back northwards, Fabien made landfall on Ukraine's Black Sea coastline on 28 December,[134] and dissipated shortly thereafter.[135]

Despite the centre of Storm Fabien making landfall in southern England, the previous interaction with Storm Elsa to Fabien's north meant that the strongest winds were confined to the southern side of the storm, in particular across France. The SNCF canceled services in southwestern France as a result of high winds blowing trees onto railway tracks[127] and around 100,000 households were left without power in the same region.[136] On Corsica, a wind gust of 206 km/h (128 mph; 111 kn) was recorded, besides numerous fallen trees.[137] All of the island's airports were closed and the ferry service between the island and the mainland was suspended as well.[127] In Galicia, Spain, around 80,000 homes were left without power following the passage of Storm Fabien.[138] A wind gust of 183.5 km/h (114.0 mph; 99.1 kn) was also recorded in Galicia.[139] A train crashed into a fallen tree on the railway line between Vigo and Barcelona; no fatalities were reported.[138] Along its path, damage from Storm Fabien totalled £95 million (€100 million).[42]

Storm Brendan (Fenja)

Storm Brendan
 
Storm Brendan over the northeastern Atlantic on 13 January
 
Track and intensity of Brendan at six-hour intervals according to the Met Office and OPC
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway
Date of impact10 January – 19 January
Maximum wind gust182 km/h (113 mph; 98 kn)
Lowest pressure940 mbar (28 inHg)
Fatalities1
Power outages100,000
Damage> £2 million (€2.3 million), preliminary

Storm Brendan first developed as a weak low along a frontal boundary over northern Texas on 10 January.[140] This low moved slowly northeastwards across the United States without much development, crossing over Atlantic Canada and emerging into the Atlantic Ocean on 12 January.[141] The low began to undergo explosive intensification as soon as it entered the Atlantic, and on 13 January Met Éireann named the low Brendan. The next day, the centre of Storm Brendan passed over the Faroe Islands at its peak intensity of 940 mbar (28 inHg),[142] becoming the most intense storm of the season up to that point. Brendan subsequently stalled southeast of Iceland and began to slowly weaken as secondary lows accelerated around its large southern periphery.[143][144] On 17 January, the much weakened centre of Storm Brendan's primary circulation made landfall in northern Norway,[145] subsequently accelerating eastwards; it was last noted as a weakening frontal system over northeastern Russia on 19 January.[146][147]

Storm Brendan made its closest approach to Ireland and the United Kingdom while at peak intensity late on 13 January, with the centre of the storm remaining just offshore to the north of Scotland. However, Brendan's large size resulted in impacts across the British Isles. Power outages were reported across Ireland, with more than 100,000 properties without electricity at the height of the storm.[148] Transport was severely disrupted, with ferry cancellations across Scotland. All schools in the Outer Hebrides were closed as a result of dangerously high winds.[149][150] The highest wind gust reported during Storm Brendan was 113 mph (182 km/h; 98 kn), recorded at Aonach Mòr in the Scottish Highlands.[151] Preliminary damage totals as a result of Storm Brendan ran into the millions of dollars, and one person was killed.[152]

Storm Gloria (Ilka)

Main article: Storm Gloria
Storm Gloria
 
Storm Gloria over the western Mediterranean on 21 January
 
Track and intensity of Storm Gloria at six-hour intervals according to the OPC
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France
Date of impact9 January – 25 January
Maximum wind gust133 km/h (83 mph; 72 kn)
Lowest pressure993 mbar (29.3 inHg)
Fatalities17
Power outages31,000
Damage£150 million (€180 million), preliminary

The system that would eventually become Storm Gloria was first noted as a developing complex of low-pressure systems over the central United States on 9 January. A large trough associated with the low dug into the Southwestern United States from 10 January, providing a path for cold air that had been settled over Canada to move southwards and clash with warm, moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico.[153] This provided conditions for the low to develop and intensify as it moved eastwards across the United States before exiting into the north Atlantic on 13 January.[154]

After stalling off the coast of North America for several days, the system began moving steadily eastwards across the open Atlantic on 17 January, reaching a peak intensity of 993 mbar (29.3 inHg) around that time.[155] The State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET) named the low Gloria on 18 January, issuing the first severe weather warnings as the storm was approaching the Iberian Peninsula.[156] After turning southeastwards and entering the Bay of Biscay, Gloria subsequently made landfall close to Santander in northern Spain on 19 January.[157]

Gloria quickly passed over northern Spain as a weak cyclone and then emerged into the western Mediterranean Sea, where it stalled for several days.[157][158][159] After remaining nearly stationary near the Balearic Islands for around 48 hours, Gloria began to slowly drift southwards and then westwards, passing over the Strait of Gibraltar and northern Morocco on 22 January[160] before emerging into the far eastern Atlantic on 23 January. After looping for several days offshore to the south and west of Portugal,[161] Gloria dissipated on 25 January off the country's southern coast.[162]

High winds and heavy rainfall caused severe damage along the path of Gloria. The highest recorded wind gust during the storm was 133 km/h (83 mph; 72 kn).[163] Gloria's exceptionally slow movement resulted in severe flash flooding across northeastern Spain and southern France. In total, across France, Portugal and Spain, seventeen people were killed as a result of Storm Gloria, including three people whose bodies were never found.[164] Preliminary damage totals relating to Gloria are at least £150 million (€180 million).[165]

Storm Hervé (Petra)

Storm Hervé
 
Disorganised Storm Hervé over Eastern Europe on 4 February
 
Track and intensity of Storm Hervé at six-hour intervals according to the Met Office
Area affectedFrance, Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Romania
Date of impact2 February – 8 February
Maximum wind gust195 km/h (121 mph; 105 kn)
Lowest pressure990 mbar (29 inHg)
Fatalities3
DamageMinimal

Storm Hervé originated as a weak shortwave disturbance along a frontal boundary over the Azores on 2 February.[166] Slowly developing as it drifted northeastwards along the frontal boundary, Météo-France named the weak low Hervé during the afternoon of 3 February.[19] In the 12 hours that followed Storm Hervé being named, it moved into the Bay of Biscay and rapidly deepened from 1,012 mbar (29.9 inHg) to its initial peak intensity of 996 mbar (29.4 inHg). After entering the English Channel, Hervé moved generally eastward offshore between the United Kingdom and France, expanding in size before making landfall in Belgium on 4 February.[167][168]

After landfall, Hervé accelerated southeastwards into Central Europe at a considerable forward pace, reaching its overall peak intensity of 990 mbar (29 inHg) on 5 February[169] while centred over Romania.[170] Hervé began to slow down and gradually weaken on 6 February as it emerged over the Black Sea;[171] this weakening trend accelerated on 7 February, when Hervé degenerated back into a shortwave trough following landfall in far southern Russia.[172] Hervé was last noted moving into eastern Turkey on 8 February, dissipating by the next day.[173]

The most considerable impacts from Storm Hervé were felt in Central Europe. Strong wind gusts and flooding led to two deaths in Austria,[174] and another person died in the Czech Republic as a result of Hervé.[175] Overnight on 3–4 February, as Hervé was approaching from the west, it brought the highest winds recorded in Switzerland since 1981, also severely impacting southern Germany and Austria around the same time.[176] The highest wind gust recorded during the storm was 195 km/h (121 mph; 105 kn) at Cap Corse in Corsica, France.[167]

Storm Ciara (Sabine)

Main article: Storm Ciara
Storm Ciara
 
The storm off the eastern coast of the United States on 7 February.
 
Track of the storm according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office.
Area affectedEastern United States, Ireland, United Kingdom, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, France
Date of impact8–10 February 2020
Maximum wind gust219 km/h (136 mph; 118 kn)[177]
Lowest pressure943 mbar (27.8 inHg)[178]
Fatalities13

On 4 February 2020, the Met Office issued a yellow weather warning for wind covering all of the United Kingdom across the following weekend due to high confidence in the model forecasts for a potential high-impact storm, although the system involved had not yet formed and no name was issued for it at that time. The next day, Storm Ciara[note 1] was formally named by the Met Office;[20] in Germany the storm is called Sabine.[179] It formed out of a weak area of low pressure emerging into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern United States earlier that day; the precursor system had previously brought heavy snowfall to large tracts of the United States and Eastern Canada, with tornadoes across the southern and mid-Atlantic states.[180]

On 6 February, Met Éireann issued a country-wide yellow wind and rain warning for Saturday 8 February through Sunday 9 February, expecting average wind speeds from 50 to 65 km/h (31 to 40 mph; 27 to 35 kn) and gusts up to 110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn) and rainfall of up to 40 mm (1.6 in). Additional orange wind warnings were issued for the counties Galway, Mayo and Donegal on 7 February.[181][182]

The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) issued a country-wide yellow wind warning on 7 February, expecting wind gusts up to 120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn).[183] The same date, the Met Office issued an amber warning for southeast England for Sunday. The rest of the United Kingdom remained under a yellow wind warning. The agency expects gusting of 80 to 97 km/h (50 to 60 mph; 43 to 52 kn) across the country, with the possibility of gusts up to 130 km/h (80 mph; 70 kn) along the coastal regions.[184] On 8 February, the KNMI updated their warning to orange for wind gusts up to 130 km/h (81 mph) in the whole country.[185] The Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) also postponed all premier league matches set for 9 February.[186]

On 9 February, the storm set above Belgium; due to the strong winds, the Royal Belgian Football Association (KBVB) postponed all football events on this day[187] and also the Vlaamse Aardbeiencross was cancelled.[188]

Ciara caused an estimated €500 million in damage in Germany.[189]

Storm Inès (Tomris)

Storm Inès
 
Storm Inès approaching Ireland on 12 February.
 
Track of storm Inès according to the Ocean Prediction Center.
Area affectedFrance, Spain, Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany
Date of impact13 February 2020
Maximum wind gust132 km/h (82 mph; 71 kn), Pointe du Raz, Brittany, France[190]
Lowest pressure976 mbar (28.8 inHg)[191]

Inès was named by the French meteorological agency, Météo-France, on 12 February 2020. The agency issued yellow and orange warnings for wind speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn) in the northern parts of the country.[22][23]

Inès formed above Newfoundland on 11 February.[192] It affected primarily France with wind speeds up to and surpassing 130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn) on 13 February,[190] while it brought waves up to 6 m (20 ft) from the Galician to Cantabrian coast.[192]

Storm Dennis (Victoria)

Main article: Storm Dennis
Storm Dennis
 
Dennis above the Atlantic Ocean on 14 February, with its cold front flanking the east coast of North America.
 
Track of storm Dennis according to the Ocean Prediction Center.
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Norway
Date of impact11–18 February 2020
Maximum wind gust230 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn)
Lowest pressure920 mbar (27 inHg)

Storm Dennis was named jointly by the UK Met Office, Met Éireann and the Netherlands Meteorological Service on 11 February, with heavy rain and strong winds expected to affect the UK from 15 February.[193] It was quickly nicknamed "Dennis the Menace,"[194] as a reference from The Beano character of the same name.


Storm Jorge (Charlotte)

Storm Jorge
 
Jorge approaching the British Isles on 29 February.
 
Track of storm Jorge according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office.
Area affectedUnited Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland
Date of impact25 February–5 March 2020
Lowest pressure952 mbar (28.1 inHg)

Jorge was named by the Spanish meteorological agency on 27 February. The agency warned for seas up to 5 m (16 ft) high and snow from 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[24] Met Eireann issued Status Red wind warnings for County Galway and County Clare and Status Orange wind warnings for the remainder of the country,[195] while in the United Kingdom the Met Office issued yellow wind warnings for all of Wales and Northern Ireland, most of England and parts of Scotland before it even hit Iceland.

Storm Karine (Diana III)

Storm Karine
 
Karine covering much of southern Europe on 2 March.
 
Track of storm Karine according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office.
Area affectedFrance, Spain, Italy
Date of impact29 February–4 March 2020
Lowest pressure984 mbar (29.1 inHg)

Storm Karine was named by AEMET on 29 February to impact on 2 March. The storm was named before Leon, however Leon developed before Karine on 1 March and so alphabetical order does not correspond to chronological order of these two storms.[196]

Storm Leon (Diana II)

Storm Leon
 
The storm covering much of France on 1 March.
 
Track of storm Leon according to the Ocean Prediction Center.
Area affectedSpain, France, Belgium
Date of impact29 February–1 March 2020
Lowest pressure990 mbar (29.2 inHg)

Storm Leon was named by MétéoFrance on 1 March to affect the country later the same day.[197]

Storm Myriam

Storm Myriam
 
The storm above the Atlantic Ocean on 2 March.
 
Track of storm Myriam according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office.
Area affectedSpain, France, Corsica, Malta, Italy
Date of impact29 February–5 March 2020
Lowest pressure992 mbar (29.3 inHg)

Storm Norberto (Elli)

Storm Norberto
 
Norberto covering parts of Europe on 5 March.
 
Track of storm Norberto according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office.
Area affectedFrance, Germany, Poland
Date of impact3–7 March 2020
Lowest pressure982 mbar (29.0 inHg)

Storm Ellen

Storm Ellen
 
Area affectedUnited Kingdom & Ireland
Date of impact18 – 27 August 2020
Maximum wind gust143 km/h (89 mph; 77 kn) Roche's Point, Ireland[198]
Lowest pressure966.4 mbar (28.54 inHg)[199][200]
Fatalities4[201]
Power outages194,000

Storm Ellen was named by the Irish Meteorological Office on 18 August 2020.[202]

On 18 August, Met Éireann issued a Status Orange wind warning for counties Galway, Mayo, Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick and Waterford for Wednesday, 19 August through Thursday, 20 August, expecting gusts of between 110 km/h and 130 km/h.[203][204] On 19 August, a Status Red wind warning for Cork was issued valid from Wednesday 19 August until midnight.[205][206] On 20 August, Ellen absorbed the remnants of Tropical Storm Kyle.[207][208][209]

Over 194,000 homes and businesses were left without power as the storm battered the country with severe gusts of up to 143 km/h (89 mph; 77 kn) which led to fallen trees and flooding overnight.[210] On 20 August, Met Éireann issued a Status Yellow wind warning for counties Dublin, Louth, Wexford, Wicklow, Meath, Cork, Kerry and Waterford, expecting very strong winds and a continued risk of coastal flooding.[211]

Storm Francis (Kirsten)

Storm Francis
 
Francis crossing the British Isles on 25 August
Area affectedGreat Britain, Ireland, Belgium and the Netherlands
Date of impact24 – 27 August 2020
Maximum wind gust160 km/h (100 mph; 87 kn)
Lowest pressure979 mbar (28.9 inHg)[212]

Storm Francis was named by the UK Met Office on 24 August. It was forecast to make landfall off the West Coast of Ireland on 25 August, with very severe winds, rain and impacts for most of the country, as well as the west of the UK. 2 yellow weather warnings for Wind & Rain were issued by the Met Office for the storm's impacts on 25 & 26 August.[213]

In Wales, Storm Francis was the cause of a large amount of flash flooding in the South of the country, as an indirect cause of this many homes were left without power.

Met Éireann issued Status Orange - Rainfall warning for Connacht, Cavan, Monaghan, Donegal, Wexford, Cork, Kerry and Waterford. This warning was issued on 24 August 2020 11:00 and valid between 24 August 2020 21:00 and 25 August 2020 17:00. Status Yellow - Rainfall warning was put in place for all remaining counties, including Northern Ireland's counties. Eastern counties received Status Yellow - Wind warning as well.[214]

The KMI from Belgium issued an orange warning for summerstorm Francis.

In The Netherlands the KNMI issued a yellow warning. The storm peaked with wind gusts up to 107 km/h (66 mph; 58 kn).

Storm Odette (Wicca)

Storm Odette
 
Odette over the North Sea on 25 September
Area affectedBelgium, United Kingdom
Date of impact23 – 26 September 2020

Other systems

On 29 September, a moderate storm named Mortimer by FUB moved across central Europe and killed three people.[215]

In late October 2019, a medicane formed far east in the Mediterranean Sea. It affected Cyprus, Israel and Egypt. The storm formed in the far east of the sea, something which is not seen often.[216]

On 10–11 December, an explosively deepening storm affected Iceland, where the meteorological office declared its first red warning for parts of the country.[217] The system was named Siro by the Free University of Berlin. The storm dropped to a pressure of 949 mbar (28.0 inHg), bringing strong winds and blizzard conditions, causing a complete halt to transportation and power loss to 20,000. The storm was described by Icelandic meteorologists as a once in a decade event.[218]

On 15 January the extreme weather event Didrik hit the southern coast of Norway with high coastal waters. This weather event was caused by Storm Brendan, which for a longer period had stalled south east of Iceland, and a secondary low named Gerlinde by the Free University of Berlin. Storm Brendan had for a longer period pushed water towards the coast of Norway bringing high coastal waters already from 13 January. Gerlinde was expected to bring even higher water levels. Due to these two low pressure areas, combined with full moon 10 January, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute named the event Didrik. Gerlinde moved quicker than expected over southern Norway and brought lower water levels to the southern coast, but Brendan however moved towards the coast more powerful than expected and brought higher water levels on the western coast. The weather event made damage to many buildings along the coast as well as disrupt railway services due to flooding.[219]

On 28 January, Storm Lolita, named by FUB, caused two deaths in Germany.[220][221]

On 14 February, a rapidly deepening low in the Atlantic affected Iceland, named Uta by the Free University of Berlin. Red wind warnings for the south of Iceland were issued with reports of coastal flooding around the Reykjanes peninsula.[222]

On 22 February storm Tuuli, named by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, hit Finland.

On 27 February Bianca (FUB) affected France, Switzerland and Germany.[223]

On 12 March storm Laura hit Denmark and southern Sweden. It was named Laura by the Danish Meteorological Institute, and known as Hanna by the Free University of Berlin. In Sweden winds gusts of up to 136 km/h (85 mph; 73.5 kn; 37.8 m/s) was recorded. Strong winds cut the power to more than 20,000 people, and also closed the Öresund bridge.[224]

On 25 July a storm hit the eastern parts of Finland. Despite its severity it was only unofficially named Uuno by the Finnish media. Strong winds caused trees to fall over electrical lines cutting power to more than 3,000 people.[225] The damages to forests was estimated to cost between 2 and 3 million euros.[226]

On 30 July another storm hit Finland. This was more powerful and was officially named Päivö by the Finnish Meteorological Institute.

Season effects

Storm Dates active Highest wind gust Lowest pressure Fatalities (+missing) Damage Affected areas
Lorenzo 2–4 October 107 km/h (66 mph; 58 kn) 966 mbar (28.5 inHg) 11 (+7) £283 million (€336 million) Azores, Eastern United States (while a hurricane), Ireland, United Kingdom
Amélie 1–4 November 189 km/h (117 mph; 102 kn) 972 mbar (28.7 inHg) 1 £80 million (€90 million) France, Spain, Italy
Bernardo 10–11 November 111 km/h (69 mph; 60 kn) 996 mbar (29.4 inHg) 1 — Spain, Algeria
Cecilia 16–29 November 163 km/h (101 mph; 88 kn) 974 mbar (28.8 inHg) 0 — Spain
Sebastien 24 November–1 December 80 km/h (50 mph; 43 kn) 980 mbar (29 inHg) 0 — Ireland, United Kingdom
Atiyah 4–9 December 150.1 km/h (93.3 mph; 81.0 kn) 956 mbar (28.2 inHg) 0 £40 million (€48 million) Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France
Daniel 15–20 December 135 km/h (84 mph; 73 kn) 982 mbar (29.0 inHg) 0 — Portugal, Spain
Elsa 13–20 December 168 km/h (104 mph; 91 kn) 961 mbar (28.4 inHg) 8 £170 million (€200 million) Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway
Fabien 16–23 December 206 km/h (128 mph; 111 kn) 963 mbar (28.4 inHg) 0 £170 million (€200 million) Portugal, Spain, France
Brendan 11–17 January 182 km/h (113 mph; 98 kn) 940 mbar (27.8 inHg) 1 £2 million (€2.3 million) Ireland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, France
Gloria 15–20 January 133 km/h (83 mph; 72 kn) 993 mbar (29.3 inHg) 25 (+4) £150 million (€180 million) Portugal, Spain
Hervé 3–6 February 195 km/h (121 mph; 105 kn) 990 mbar (29.2 inHg) 3 — France, Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany
Ciara 4–12 February 219 km/h (136 mph; 118 kn) 943 mbar (27.8 inHg) 18 To be confirmed Ireland, United Kingdom, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany
Inès 11–14 February 132 km/h (82 mph; 71 kn) 976 mbar (28.8 inHg) 0 — France
Dennis 12–20 February 230 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn) 920 mbar (27 inHg) 6 (+1) To be confirmed Ireland, United Kingdom, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany
Jorge 25 February–5 March – 952 mbar (28.1 inHg) 0 – United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland
Karine 2–4 March – 984 mbar (29.1 inHg) 0 – France, Spain, Italy
Leon 29 February–1 March – 990 mbar (29.2 inHg) 0 – Spain, France, Belgium
Myriam 29 February–5 March – 992 mbar (29.3 inHg) 0 – Spain, France, Corsica, Malta, Italy
Norberto 3–7 March – 982 mbar (29.0 inHg) 0 – France, Germany
Ellen 18 – 27 August 143 km/h (89 mph; 77 kn) 966.4 mbar (28.54 inHg) 4 – Ireland, United Kingdom, Portugal
Francis 24 – 27 August 160 km/h (100 mph; 87 kn) 979 mbar (28.9 inHg) – – Ireland, United Kingdom, The Netherlands
Odette 23 – 26 September – – – – Belgium, United Kingdom
22 windstorms 2 October – 26 September 230.0 km/h (142.9 mph; 124.2 kn) 920 mbar (27.2 inHg) 74 (+12) £895 million
(€1.06 billion)

Coordination of storms named by European meteorological services

2019–20 named storms table (dates of impact (when warnings are issued for, not duration))
Mortimer (FUB), 29 September 2019.
ex-Lorenzo (NHC), 2–4 October 2019.
Amélie (FrEsPtBe), Arne (FUB) 2–3 November 2019.[227][228]
Bernardo (FrEsPtBe), Detlef[note 2] (FUB) 9–11 November 2019,[230] a Mediterranean storm.
Cecilia (FrEsPtBe), Luis (FUB)[231] 22–23 November 2019.
Atiyah (IEUKNL),[232] Rudi (FUB)[233] 8–9 December 2019.
Siro (FUB), 10–11 December 2019.
Daniel (FrEsPtBe), Xander (FUB) 16 December 2019.
Elsa (FrEsPtBe),[234] Yadid (FUB), 17–18 December 2019.
Fabien (FrEsPtBe),[235] Ailton (FUB) 21–22 December 2019.
Brendan (IEUKNL),[236] Fenja (FUB) 13 January 2020.
Didrik (No) [for high coastal water levels],[237] combination of Brendan and secondary low (IEUKNL), Gerlinde and Fenja (FUB), 14–15 January 2020.
Gloria (FrEsPtBe),[238] Ilka (FUB) 19–23 January 2020, a Mediterranean storm.
Lolita (FUB), 28 January 2020.
Hervé (FrEsPtBe), Petra (FUB),[239] 4–5 February 2020.
Ciara (IEUKNL), Sabine (FUB), Elsa (No) [for high coastal water levels],[240] 8–10 February 2020.
Inès (FrEsPtBe), Tomris (FUB)[241] 13 February 2020.
Uta (FUB), 14 February 2020.
Dennis (IEUKNL), Victoria (FUB), 15–17 February 2020.[242]
Tuuli (Fi), Xanthippe III (FUB), 22 February 2020.
Bianca (FUB), 27 February 2020.
Jorge (FrEsPtBe), Charlotte (FUB), 29 February–1 March 2020.
Karine (FrESPtBe),[243] Diana III (FUB), 2 March 2020.
Leon (FrEsPtBe),[244] Diana II (FUB) 1 March 2020.
Myriam (FrEsPtBe),[223] 3 March 2020.
Norberto (FrEsPtBe),[245] Elli (FUB), 5 March 2020.
Laura (dk),[246] Hanna (FUB), 12 March 2020.
Uuno (Fi), Quiola? (FUB), 25 June 2020.
Päivö (Fi), Ulrike (FUB), 30 June–1 July 2020.
Ellen (IEUKNL),[247] 19–20 August 2020.
Francis (IEUKNL), Kirsten (FUB), 25—26 August 2020.[248]
Odette (FrEsPtBe),[249] Wicca (FUB) 25 September 2020.

Notes

  1. ^ In this case, Ciara is pronounced Kee-ra according to official Met Éireann guidance issued at the time the naming list was announced[citation needed], although there are multiple alternative pronunciations of the name Ciara.
  2. ^ On 10 November 2019 analysis, this system was known as Detlef II.[229]

References

  1. ^ Gleeson, Colin. "Met Éireann appealing for names for next season's storms". The Irish Times.
  2. ^ "#NameOurStorms: Met Office asks UK weather fans to help name storms". ITV News. 30 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b "UK Storm Centre". metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  4. ^ "Storm Names". met.ie. Met Éireann. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  5. ^ "Storm names for 2019–20 announced". metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. 5 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  6. ^ Met Éireann [@MetEireann] (3 September 2019). "We will be announcing the Storm Names for 2019–20 this Friday morning Sept 6th. Thanks for all your suggestions 👍 We have the names selected, apart from the letter L. So can you please help us decide by voting for your favourite below. #StormNames2019 @metoffice" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  7. ^ (in French). Météo-France. 12 September 2018. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  8. ^ "Nueva Temporada de nombramiento de borrascas con gran impacto". aemet.es (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2019–2020". aemet.es (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Las listas de los nombres de borrascas para 2018–2019" (in European Spanish). Revista del Aficionado a la Meteorología. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d "How will Storm Lorenzo affect the UK?". metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  12. ^ a b Daniel Brown (2 October 2019). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Lorenzo Discussion Number 41". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  13. ^ a b "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2019–2020". aemet.es (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  14. ^ a b VigiMétéoFrance [@VigiMeteoFrance] (1 November 2019). "La première #tempête de l'automne a été nommée #Amélie et abordera la côte atlantique en deuxième partie de nuit de samedi à dimanche : vents tempétueux dimanche matin sur le sud-ouest du pays. #TempeteAmelie 👉www.meteofrance.com" (Tweet) (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2019 – via Twitter.
  15. ^ a b AEMET [@AEMET_Esp] (9 November 2019). "Segunda borrasca con nombre de la temporada. La #borrascaBernardo afectará especialmente al E de las islas #Baleares www.aemet.es/es/eltiempo/prediccion/mapa_frentes" (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2019 – via Twitter.
  16. ^ a b AEMET [@AEMET_Esp] (21 November 2019). "Nombrada la #borrascaCecilia que dará lugar mañana a un #TemporaldeLluviayViento en la Península" (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 November 2019 – via Twitter.
  17. ^ "Met Éireann name the first storm of the season". metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  18. ^ a b c "Aviso especial 2019-12-19" (PDF). aemet.es (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. 19 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  19. ^ a b . meteofrance.fr (in French). Météo-France. 3 February 2020. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  20. ^ a b "Storm Ciara named by Met Office". metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Storm Dennis to bring heavy rain and gales to the UK". metoffice.gov.uk. Met Office. 11 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  22. ^ a b Météo-France [@VigiMeteoFrance] (12 February 2020). "Nous avons nommé "#Inès" la dépression en approche sur l'Atlantique : elle apportera un temps agité sur la moitié nord du pays ce jeudi 13, surtout près de la Manche, dans un contexte de fortes marées. #vigilanceorange #vaguessubmersion #vent #TempeteInes vigilance.meteofrance.com" (Tweet). Retrieved 12 February 2020 – via Twitter.
  23. ^ a b . vigilance.meteofrance.com. Météo-France. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019-20 European windstorm season.
  • Agencia Estatal de Meteorología storm list (in Spanish)
  • Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (in English)
  • Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut (in English)
  • Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (in Dutch)
  • Met Éireann
  • Met Office UK Storm Centre
  • Météo-France (in French)

January 30, 2023
2019, european, windstorm, season, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, t. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The 2019 20 European windstorm season was the fifth instance of seasonal European windstorm naming in Europe This is the first season in which the Netherlands participates joining Ireland s and the United Kingdom s meteorological agencies The new season s storm names were released on 6 September 2019 In July 2019 it was announced that storm seasons would run from 1 September 2019 to 1 September 2020 1 2 The Portuguese Spanish and French meteorological agencies again collaborated too joined by the Belgian meteorological agency 2019 20 European windstorm seasonMap of systems formed in this season First storm formed2 October 2019 2019 10 02 Last storm dissipated26 September 2020 2020 09 26 Strongest storm1Dennis 920 mbar 27 2 inHg Strongest wind gust230 km h 140 mph 120 kn Total storms22Total damage 895 million 1 06 billion Total fatalities78 12 missing 1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non mountainous wind gust is also included for reference 2018 192020 21 Contents 1 Background and naming 1 1 United Kingdom Ireland and the Netherlands 1 2 France Spain Portugal and Belgium 1 3 Other naming systems 2 Season summary 3 Storms 3 1 Storm Lorenzo 3 2 Storm Amelie Arne 3 3 Storm Bernardo Detlef 3 4 Storm Cecilia Luis 3 5 Storm Sebastien 3 6 Storm Atiyah Rudi 3 7 Storm Daniel Xander 3 8 Storm Elsa Yadid 3 9 Storm Fabien Ailton 3 10 Storm Brendan Fenja 3 11 Storm Gloria Ilka 3 12 Storm Herve Petra 3 13 Storm Ciara Sabine 3 14 Storm Ines Tomris 3 15 Storm Dennis Victoria 3 16 Storm Jorge Charlotte 3 17 Storm Karine Diana III 3 18 Storm Leon Diana II 3 19 Storm Myriam 3 20 Storm Norberto Elli 3 21 Storm Ellen 3 22 Storm Francis Kirsten 3 23 Storm Odette Wicca 4 Other systems 5 Season effects 6 Coordination of storms named by European meteorological services 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksBackground and naming EditMain article Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland In 2015 the Met Office and Met Eireann announced a pilot project to name storm warnings as part of the Name our Storms project for wind storms and asked the public for suggestions The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015 16 through to 2017 18 common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service when a storm is assessed to have the potential for an Amber be prepared or Red take action danger to life warning There are two main naming lists one created by the national meteorological agencies of the United Kingdom Ireland and the Netherlands and another created by the equivalent agencies from France Spain Portugal and Belgium Additionally former Atlantic hurricanes will retain their names as assigned by the National Hurricane Center of the United States 3 United Kingdom Ireland and the Netherlands Edit The following names have been selected for the 2019 2020 season 4 5 Atiyah Brendan Ciara Dennis Ellen 3 Francis Gerda unused Hugh unused Iris unused Jan unused Kitty unused Liam unused Maura unused Noah unused Olivia unused Piet unused Roisin unused Samir unused Tara unused Vince unused Willow unused Liam was chosen through a poll made by Met Eireann on Twitter 6 France Spain Portugal and Belgium Edit This will be the third year in which the meteorological agencies of France Spain and Portugal will be naming storms which affect their areas This naming scheme is partially overlapping with that used by the United Kingdom Ireland and the Netherlands as storms named by the other group of agencies will be used reciprocally 7 8 The following names have been selected for the 2019 2020 season 9 Amelie Bernardo Cecilia Daniel Elsa Fabien Gloria Herve Ines Jorge Karine Leon Myriam Norberto Odette Prosper unused Raquel unused Simon unused Teresa unused Valentin unused Wanda unused Other naming systems Edit Two former Atlantic systems One of them being a hurricane and the other being a tropical storm transitioned into a European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami Florida Lorenzo SebastienBesides these naming systems the Free University of Berlin also names high and low pressure areas through its Adopt a vortex programme The Nordic nations of Denmark Norway and Sweden also name storms with more limited reciprocation 10 Other nations may also name storms either through their national meteorological institutions or popularly Season summary EditThe first system of the season was Storm Lorenzo when Met Eireann issued yellow wind warnings for Ireland and an orange warning for the western coastal counties 11 The storm consisted of the remnants of Hurricane Lorenzo which had turned extratropical 12 The next named system was Amelie named by Meteo France on 1 November 13 14 Storm Bernardo was named next by the Spanish meteorological agency AEMET This system primarily affected the Balearic Islands 15 Cecilia was named next by AEMET when the agency warned of rain and wind on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands 16 On 6 December the Irish meteorological agency named Atiyah the first system to receive its name from the Irish British and Dutch storm naming list 17 After Atiyah passed storms Daniel Elsa and Fabien were named in quick succession on 15 16 and 18 December respectively 9 18 Storms Brendan and Gloria were next to be named by Met Eireann and AEMET respectively after a quiet start to January 2020 Herve was named by Meteo France on 3 February after the agency expected wind gusts of up to 140 km h 87 mph 76 kn at Corsica s coast 19 A few days later on 5 February Ciara was named by Met Office warning of heavy rain and gales throughout the United Kingdom 20 Following Ciara Dennis was named by the Met Office on 11 February 2020 The agency warned of heavy rain and gales across the United Kingdom 21 A day later Ines was named by the French meteorological agency The agency warned of wind speeds up to 130 km h 81 mph 70 kn in the northern part of France on 13 February 22 23 The Spanish meteorological agency named Jorge next warning of seas 4 to 5 m 13 to 16 ft high on 29 February through 2 March and snow around 1 000 m 3 300 ft 24 Following Jorge Karine Leon Myriam and Norberto were named in quick succession on 29 February 1 3 and 5 March respectively Karine was named by AEMET while Leon Myriam and Norberto were named by Meteo France 9 Storms EditStorm Lorenzo Edit Storm Lorenzo Storm Lorenzo after passing through the Azores on 2 October Track and intensity of Lorenzo at six hour intervals according to the NHC and OPCArea affectedAzores Ireland United KingdomDate of impact2 October 7 OctoberMaximum wind gust107 km h 66 mph 58 kn Lowest pressure966 mbar 28 5 inHg Fatalities20Power outages20 000Damage 285 million 340 million Main article Hurricane Lorenzo 2019 The National Hurricane Center in Miami Florida began monitoring a tropical wave emerging from the west coast of Africa on 19 September which subsequently developed into Hurricane Lorenzo by 25 September The system continued to intensify ultimately becoming the easternmost Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic Ocean On 26 September the Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera IPMA began issuing advisories for Hurricane Lorenzo 25 The National Hurricane Center issued hurricane and tropical storm watches on 30 September for the Azores 26 which were later upgraded to warnings 27 Lorenzo began undergoing extratropical transition on 2 October while passing over the Azores a few hours before the National Hurricane Center issued their 09 00 UTC advisory 28 The subsequent and final advisory stated that Lorenzo had become a post tropical cyclone 12 which was subsequently named Storm Lorenzo by Met Eireann 11 as they issued a yellow warning of wind for the entirety of Ireland as well as an orange warning for the western coastal counties 29 11 The Met Office issued yellow wind warnings for Northern Ireland Cornwall and parts of Devon and south west Wales 11 On 3 October the M6 Buoy located about 400 km 250 mi west of Mace Head Galway recorded a pressure of 969 mbar 28 6 inHg near Lorenzo s centre 30 The same buoy also recorded a maximum wave height of 12 5 m 41 ft 31 On 4 October while the storm was passing across Ireland new weather warnings were issued for the counties of Clare Galway Longford Mayo Roscommon and Westmeath 32 The highest recorded wind gust was 107 km h 66 mph with the highest 10 minute mean at 87 km h 54 mph both recorded at Mace Head 33 Storm Lorenzo continued to weaken as it moved away from Ireland into the Irish Sea with the United States based Ocean Prediction Center ceasing to monitor Lorenzo on 4 October after it crossed the United Kingdom 34 Now little more than a weak frontal zone Storm Lorenzo made landfall in northern Germany on 5 October 35 subsequently moving over eastern Europe the following day 36 before dissipating on 7 October while moving into Russia 37 Power was cut to almost 20 000 homes in Ireland at the height of the storm with flooding occurring throughout the country 38 The River Eske partially flooded Donegal as result of nearly 50 mm 2 0 in of rain falling as high tide was approaching The amount of damage country wide however was less than anticipated 39 The storm s only known fatality while it was extratropical occurred when a tree fell on a person in Stafford 40 However Lorenzo had been responsible for nineteen further fatalities including seven crew members of the capsized French cargo ship Bourbon Rhode who were never found 41 During its combined lifespan as a major hurricane and a European windstorm Lorenzo caused at least 285 million 340 million in damage 42 Storm Amelie Arne Edit Storm Amelie Amelie over the Atlantic Ocean 2 November Track and intensity of Storm Amelie at six hour intervals according to the OPCArea affectedFrance Spain ItalyDate of impact31 October 9 NovemberMaximum wind gust189 km h 117 mph 102 kn Lowest pressure972 mbar 28 7 inHg Fatalities1Power outages140 000Damage 110 million 120 million The low pressure system that would later become Amelie was first noted on 31 October between Canada and Greenland over the Labrador Sea 43 After emerging into the open Atlantic the system was named Storm Amelie by Meteo France 14 on 1 November 13 The French meteorological agency expected wind gusts up to and possibly surpassing 160 km h 99 mph 86 kn locally at the western coast at the time of naming the storm 44 45 Storm Amelie underwent explosive cyclogenesis on 2 November while located over the open north Atlantic 46 reaching a minimum central pressure of 972 mbar 28 7 inHg 47 Amelie subsequently made landfall on Brittany s Atlantic coast in the early hours of 3 November bringing wind gusts of to 163 km h 101 mph 88 kn at Cap Ferret Amelie also brought wind gusts up to 170 km h 110 mph 92 kn along the northern coast of Spain including a record setting 130 km h 81 mph 70 kn gust for Santander Airport 48 The highest wind gust recorded from Amelie was at Cagnano in Haute Corse on Corsica reaching 189 km h 117 mph 102 kn 48 Besides causing numerous fallen trees and power outages for 140 000 properties 49 Amelie also triggered a landslide in Nice in the south of France resulting in the only known fatality from the storm 50 The SNCF temporarily closed a TGV line between Hendaye and Bordeaux due to debris on the tracks causing some 2 000 passengers to be stranded for up to 15 hours 51 Damage from Amelie across France Italy and Spain totalled more than 110 million 120 million 42 After the centre of Amelie moved inland over northern France it gradually tracked eastwards and then north eastwards 48 Amelie passed over Belgium and the Netherlands on 3 November and then over Germany on 4 November while steadily weakening 52 53 After crossing Poland on 5 November as a weak frontal boundary 54 Amelie stalled over the Baltic states on 6 November 55 before being absorbed by an approaching warm front over Estonia on 9 November 56 Storm Bernardo Detlef Edit Storm Bernardo Bernardo just offshore of Algeria on 11 November Track and intensity of Storm Bernardo at six hour intervals according to the Met OfficeArea affectedSpain Algeria ItalyDate of impact7 November 18 NovemberMaximum wind gust111 km h 69 mph 60 kn Lowest pressure996 mbar 29 4 inHg Fatalities1DamageMinimalThe precursor to Storm Bernardo was first noted as a deep low over north eastern Canada on 7 November 57 After considerably weakening and crossing the Atlantic without any notable impacts the system was named Bernardo by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain AEMET on 9 November as it was approaching the Iberian Peninsula from the Bay of Biscay 15 Bernardo crossed northern Spain and emerged into the Mediterranean Sea affecting the Balearic Islands on 10 November with wind gusts of up to 111 km h 69 mph 60 kn recorded in the Alfabia Mountains along the north west coast of Mallorca 58 On 11 November Bernardo strengthened to its peak intensity of 996 mbar 29 4 inHg 59 and formed an eye like feature leading several media outlets to report that the storm had medicane like characteristics 60 However AEMET did not confirm that the storm had reached medicane status 58 After losing its brief eye like feature Bernardo followed the coast of Algeria remaining closely offshore as it moved eastwards across the Mediterranean before stalling over southern Italy for two days 61 62 63 Bernardo then accelerated to the north east as a weak frontal boundary moving over the Baltic states on 14 November 64 and into northern Russia on 15 November 65 After briefly reintensifying and then weakening once more Bernardo was last noted as a weak low over Siberia on 18 November 66 When first issuing warnings for Storm Bernardo AEMET expected wave heights of up to 6 m 20 ft around the Balearic Islands and along the coast of several Spanish provinces bordering the Bay of Biscay They also forecasted precipitation up to 20 cm 7 9 in in the form of snow over the Cantabrian Mountains above 1 000 m 3 300 ft and rainfall up to 50 mm 2 0 in within 12 hours in the provinces of Cantabria Navarra Basque Country and Asturias In Asturias the regional meteorological agency warned of the risk of avalanches due to snow accumulation 67 Wind gusts were forecasted to reach up to 110 km h 68 mph 59 kn 68 However impacts from Bernardo were ultimately minimal A fallen tree in Mallorca caused the only known fatality from the storm and little damage was reported along its track 69 Storm Cecilia Luis Edit Storm Cecilia Storm Cecilia approaching Italy on 24 November Track and intensity of Storm Cecilia at six hour intervals according to the OPCArea affectedSpainDate of impact16 November 29 NovemberMaximum wind gust163 km h 101 mph 88 kn Lowest pressure974 mbar 28 8 inHg Fatalities0DamageMinimalThe precursor to Storm Cecila was first noted as a developing low between the Carolinas and Bermuda on 16 November 70 It subsequently deepened and slowly moved north eastwards parallel to the East Coast of the United States 71 before crossing Newfoundland and emerging into the open Atlantic by 21 November 72 At this point the system was named Cecilia by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain AEMET who issued warnings for rain and wind impacts across the Iberian Peninsula and on the Balearic Islands 16 Weather warnings were also issued in southern and coastal western France 73 Cecila intensified as it crossed the Atlantic and reached its peak intensity of 974 mbar 28 8 inHg in the Bay of Biscay on 23 November before making landfall in northern Spain 74 Along the coast wind gusts of up to 163 km h 101 mph 88 kn were recorded at Cap Machichaco in Biscay province 75 During the storm a chemical transport ship ran aground at the Galician coast 76 However overall impacts were minimal across Spain Cecilia weakened as it crossed the Iberian Peninsula and emerged into the Mediterranean Sea crossing Italy as a weak frontal system on 25 November 77 Continuing slowly eastwards Cecilia was last noted over the Black Sea on 28 November 78 before being absorbed by Storm Sebastien over southern Ukraine on 29 November 79 Storm Sebastien Edit See also 2019 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm Sebastien Storm Sebastien Sebastien re intensifying after completing its extratropical transition on 25 November Track and intensity of Sebastien at six hour intervals according to the NHC and OPCArea affectedIreland United KingdomDate of impact24 November 1 DecemberMaximum wind gust80 km h 50 mph 43 kn Lowest pressure980 mbar 29 inHg Fatalities0DamageMinimalA large area of disturbed weather persisted over the central subtropical Atlantic in mid November On 19 November this area of thunderstorm activity developed sufficiently to be designated Tropical Storm Sebastien by the National Hurricane Center in Miami Florida 80 After several days of slow movement Sebastien accelerated towards the north east and began slowly losing tropical characteristics The system completed its extratropical transition late on 24 November 80 becoming extratropical Storm Sebastien in the process 81 82 After becoming extratropical Storm Sebastien began to re intensify as it was now situated in a favourable baroclinic environment Shortly before landfall on the south coast of Ireland on 26 November Sebastien reached its peak intensity of around 980 mbar 29 inHg 83 Sebastien maintained this intensity for around two days as it crossed Ireland and the United Kingdom and entered the North Sea before slowly weakening as it made landfall in Denmark on 29 November 79 Around this time Sebastien absorbed the remnants of Storm Cecilia to its south east Sebastien continued to weaken as it accelerated north eastwards into European Russia finally being absorbed by a larger low pressure system to its north by 1 December 84 Heavy rainfall was the primary threat from Storm Sebastien As the storm approached the United Kingdom the Met Office issued yellow weather warnings for heavy rainfall in Northern England South West England and South Wales Many of these areas had already been impacted by ongoing flooding and the Environment Agency issued seven danger to life flood warnings in Yorkshire and 60 flood alerts across England and Wales as a result 82 Storm surge flooding coinciding with high spring tides and high coastal winds of up to 80 km h 50 mph 43 kn 85 presented additional hazards with waves forecasted to reach up to 6 7 m 22 ft 86 Across southern England up to 60 mm 2 4 in of rain was recorded as Sebastien made landfall on 27 November 82 However impacts from Storm Sebastien were ultimately less severe than anticipated Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms caused disruption in the London area 87 Flooding and wind damage was reported on the Isle of Wight 88 Minor coastal flooding was also reported in the Fareham area although far less severe than had been forecasted 89 Storm Atiyah Rudi Edit Storm Atiyah Atiyah developing over the far north Atlantic on 7 December Track and intensity of Atiyah at six hour intervals according to the Met Office and OPCArea affectedIreland United Kingdom Netherlands FranceDate of impact5 December 13 DecemberMaximum wind gust150 1 km h 93 3 mph 81 0 kn Lowest pressure956 mbar 28 2 inHg Fatalities0Power outages34 000Damage 40 million 44 million A low was first noted to be developing off the coast of New England by the Ocean Prediction Center on 5 December 90 The following day as the low continued to develop and move eastwards across the far north Atlantic Met Eireann named the system Atiyah and issued orange wind warnings for the western counties of Ireland and yellow warnings for the remainder of the country At that time the agency expected mean wind speeds of 65 to 80 km h 40 to 50 mph 35 to 43 kn and gusts of up to 130 km h 81 mph 70 kn on 8 December across Ireland 91 On 8 December a red weather warning was issued for County Kerry due to the increasing risk of high wind impacts 92 The centre of Storm Atiyah passed just to the north of Scotland on 8 December at its peak intensity of 956 mbar 28 2 inHg 93 High winds were recorded across the United Kingdom and Ireland cutting power to 34 000 homes 94 95 96 downing trees and causing disruption throughout both countries 94 95 96 The highest recorded wind gust in the United Kingdom was on The Needles Old Battery at 83 mph 134 km h 72 kn 97 The Kernow Weather Team recorded an unofficial wind gust of 96 mph 154 km h 83 kn in Illogan Cornwall 96 although this gust wasn t recorded at an official Met Office station As Atiyah moved eastwards away from Scotland into the Norwegian Sea a strong pressure gradient existed between the centre of the storm and an area of high pressure centred over the Alps which brought high winds to the Netherlands on 8 and 9 December with gusts of around 90 to 100 km h 56 to 62 mph 49 to 54 kn and heavy showers sweeping across the country 98 Meteo France recorded the highest confirmed wind gust related to Atiyah of 150 1 km h 93 3 mph 81 0 kn recorded at Cap Bear in Pyrenees Orientales France 99 After widespread impacts across western Europe Atiyah continued to move away from the region making landfall in northern Norway on 10 December 100 Atiyah weakened rapidly as it continued eastwards and it was last noted as a weak frontal system over Siberia on 13 December 101 Throughout its lifespan Atiyah caused at least 40 million 44 million in damage 42 Storm Daniel Xander Edit Storm Daniel Daniel approaching the Iberian Peninsula on 16 December Track and intensity of Daniel at six hour intervals according to the Met Office and OPCArea affectedIberian PeninsulaDate of impact15 December 21 DecemberMaximum wind gust135 km h 84 mph 73 kn Lowest pressure982 mbar 29 0 inHg Fatalities0DamageMinimalStorm Daniel developed as a weak disturbance along a cold front a short distance offshore of Portugal on 15 December 102 and it was officially named by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain AEMET later that day 9 The agency issued an orange warning for Asturias citing possible wave heights of 5 to 6 m 16 to 20 ft at the coast The agency further warned for wave heights of up to 7 m 23 ft around the Canary Islands heavy snowfall over high ground and winds gusting to over 120 km h 75 mph 65 kn 103 After making landfall in Portugal Storm Daniel moved north eastwards across the Iberian Peninsula into the Bay of Biscay making a second landfall in southern Brittany France as a weak trough on 17 December 104 Accelerating north eastwards across Benelux and Denmark Daniel began to slowly intensify reaching its peak intensity of 982 mbar 29 0 inHg 105 over southern Finland on 19 December 106 Daniel subsequently began to weaken and unravel as a coherent system dissipating over western Russia by 21 December 107 During the passage of Storm Daniel the use of snow chains on car tyres became necessary to navigate sections of the N 630 road in central Spain while the Puerto de Pajares mountain pass was closed to trucks articulated vehicles and buses due to blizzard conditions 108 The strongest wind gust from Storm Daniel was measured at La Pinilla ski resort in Segovia Spain reaching 135 km h 84 mph 73 kn 109 108 8 mm 4 28 in of rain fell at Riano Leon during the passage of the storm 109 Overall however damage and disruption from Storm Daniel was minimal Storm Elsa Yadid Edit Storm Elsa Storm Elsa approaching Ireland on 18 December Track and intensity of Storm Elsa at six hour intervals according to the OPCArea affectedPortugal Spain France United Kingdom Ireland NorwayDate of impact13 December 22 DecemberMaximum wind gust168 km h 104 mph 91 kn Lowest pressure961 mbar 28 4 inHg Fatalities8Power outages140 000Damage 74 million 81 million Storm Elsa originated as an area of low pressure which formed over the Gulf of Mexico on 13 December 110 and subsequently tracked gradually north eastward bottoming out at 961 mbar 28 4 inHg along the coast of Canada on 16 December 111 At this time the Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera IPMA named the low Elsa 9 The same day AEMET issued wind warnings for Spain relating to Storm Elsa with forecasted maximum wind speeds of 100 to 120 km h 62 to 75 mph 54 to 65 kn 18 After being named Elsa moved away from Canada into the open Atlantic 112 and stalled for four days to the west of the British Isles fluctuating in intensity 113 114 115 116 On 21 December Elsa finally began accelerating to the east ahead of Storm Fabien which was approaching Elsa from the west Elsa passed north of Scotland and made landfall in Norway before being absorbed by an unnamed secondary low approaching from the south by 22 December 117 As Storm Elsa slowly approached Met Eireann issued a nationwide yellow weather warning for Ireland followed on 18 December by an upgrade to an orange warning for County Cork 118 The yellow warnings for counties Galway and Mayo were further upgraded to orange warnings at 20 00 local time that day around an hour before the storm made its closest and most intense approach to Ireland 119 Severe flooding and extreme gusts were reported along the County Galway coastline Close to 22 00 a storm surge breached the Promenade on Salthill in Galway City over 50 cars were lost to the floodwaters Besides the flooding a ship ran aground after being forced onto coastal rocks by rough seas 120 Severe flooding was also reported in the Spanish Arch Port of Galway Oranmore and Kinvara areas of Galway 121 Gusts of up to 125 km h 78 mph 67 kn were reported at the Mace Head weather station on the West Galway coast Fallen trees were reported across the city and county blocking numerous roads leading to Galway City 122 Around 22 30 Galway City Council activated its Emergency Response Plan and issued a notice warning people to stay indoors and to remain there unless it was of extreme importance A similar warning was issued by Galway County Council Members of the Gardai National Ambulance Service Galway Fire Service and Civil Defence Ireland were deployed to Salthill and conducted searches on cars trapped in floodwaters 119 Severe weather associated with Storm Elsa resulted in eight fatalities primarily in southern Europe 123 The highest wind gust recorded during the storm was 168 km h 104 mph 91 kn which was reached at Cerler Cogulla in Huesca Spain 124 More than 140 000 properties lost electricity during the passage of the storm 125 and damage totals ultimately reached at least 74 million 81 million 42 In the aftermath of Storm Elsa Met Eireann s short notice of upgrading weather warnings around one hour before the storm hit the counties of Mayo and Galway was criticized The agency defended their warnings citing that the nature of forecasting is that it is never certain and that they issue warnings when they see fit 120 Storm Fabien Ailton Edit Storm Fabien Storm Fabien approaching northern France on 21 December Track and intensity of Storm Fabien at six hour intervals according to the OPCArea affectedPortugal Spain France United KingdomDate of impact17 December 29 DecemberMaximum wind gust206 km h 128 mph 111 kn Lowest pressure963 mbar 28 4 inHg Fatalities0Power outages180 000Damage 95 million 100 million The system that would go on to become Storm Fabien formed as the easternmost of a series of weak lows which developed as disturbances along a stationary front situated across the southern United States on 17 December 126 The low broke free from this front and drifted northeastwards along the east coast of the United States emerging into the Atlantic Ocean east of Newfoundland on 19 December At that time the State Meteorological Agency of Spain AEMET named the low Fabien warning for wind speeds of 100 to 120 km h 62 to 75 mph 54 to 65 kn and wave heights of 9 m 30 ft 18 Meteo France issued orange warnings for fifteen departments in the south west of France 127 Storm Fabien rapidly intensified as it crossed the Atlantic its progress slightly slowed down by the presence of Storm Elsa which had already been situated almost stationary over the north Atlantic for several days prior to Fabien s formation After initially pushing Elsa along ahead of itself Fabien subsequently accelerated to the south of Elsa and reached its peak intensity of 963 mbar 28 4 inHg 128 while approaching landfall in South West England on 21 December 129 After crossing southern England Fabien began to slow down and weaken crossing over central Europe on 23 December 130 before stalling for several days while centred over Cyprus as a weak trough along a stationary front from 24 December 131 132 133 After slowly drifting back northwards Fabien made landfall on Ukraine s Black Sea coastline on 28 December 134 and dissipated shortly thereafter 135 Despite the centre of Storm Fabien making landfall in southern England the previous interaction with Storm Elsa to Fabien s north meant that the strongest winds were confined to the southern side of the storm in particular across France The SNCF canceled services in southwestern France as a result of high winds blowing trees onto railway tracks 127 and around 100 000 households were left without power in the same region 136 On Corsica a wind gust of 206 km h 128 mph 111 kn was recorded besides numerous fallen trees 137 All of the island s airports were closed and the ferry service between the island and the mainland was suspended as well 127 In Galicia Spain around 80 000 homes were left without power following the passage of Storm Fabien 138 A wind gust of 183 5 km h 114 0 mph 99 1 kn was also recorded in Galicia 139 A train crashed into a fallen tree on the railway line between Vigo and Barcelona no fatalities were reported 138 Along its path damage from Storm Fabien totalled 95 million 100 million 42 Storm Brendan Fenja Edit Storm Brendan Storm Brendan over the northeastern Atlantic on 13 January Track and intensity of Brendan at six hour intervals according to the Met Office and OPCArea affectedIreland United Kingdom Faroe Islands Iceland NorwayDate of impact10 January 19 JanuaryMaximum wind gust182 km h 113 mph 98 kn Lowest pressure940 mbar 28 inHg Fatalities1Power outages100 000Damage gt 2 million 2 3 million preliminaryStorm Brendan first developed as a weak low along a frontal boundary over northern Texas on 10 January 140 This low moved slowly northeastwards across the United States without much development crossing over Atlantic Canada and emerging into the Atlantic Ocean on 12 January 141 The low began to undergo explosive intensification as soon as it entered the Atlantic and on 13 January Met Eireann named the low Brendan The next day the centre of Storm Brendan passed over the Faroe Islands at its peak intensity of 940 mbar 28 inHg 142 becoming the most intense storm of the season up to that point Brendan subsequently stalled southeast of Iceland and began to slowly weaken as secondary lows accelerated around its large southern periphery 143 144 On 17 January the much weakened centre of Storm Brendan s primary circulation made landfall in northern Norway 145 subsequently accelerating eastwards it was last noted as a weakening frontal system over northeastern Russia on 19 January 146 147 Storm Brendan made its closest approach to Ireland and the United Kingdom while at peak intensity late on 13 January with the centre of the storm remaining just offshore to the north of Scotland However Brendan s large size resulted in impacts across the British Isles Power outages were reported across Ireland with more than 100 000 properties without electricity at the height of the storm 148 Transport was severely disrupted with ferry cancellations across Scotland All schools in the Outer Hebrides were closed as a result of dangerously high winds 149 150 The highest wind gust reported during Storm Brendan was 113 mph 182 km h 98 kn recorded at Aonach Mor in the Scottish Highlands 151 Preliminary damage totals as a result of Storm Brendan ran into the millions of dollars and one person was killed 152 Storm Gloria Ilka Edit Main article Storm Gloria Storm Gloria Storm Gloria over the western Mediterranean on 21 January Track and intensity of Storm Gloria at six hour intervals according to the OPCArea affectedPortugal Spain FranceDate of impact9 January 25 JanuaryMaximum wind gust133 km h 83 mph 72 kn Lowest pressure993 mbar 29 3 inHg Fatalities17Power outages31 000Damage 150 million 180 million preliminaryThe system that would eventually become Storm Gloria was first noted as a developing complex of low pressure systems over the central United States on 9 January A large trough associated with the low dug into the Southwestern United States from 10 January providing a path for cold air that had been settled over Canada to move southwards and clash with warm moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico 153 This provided conditions for the low to develop and intensify as it moved eastwards across the United States before exiting into the north Atlantic on 13 January 154 After stalling off the coast of North America for several days the system began moving steadily eastwards across the open Atlantic on 17 January reaching a peak intensity of 993 mbar 29 3 inHg around that time 155 The State Meteorological Agency of Spain AEMET named the low Gloria on 18 January issuing the first severe weather warnings as the storm was approaching the Iberian Peninsula 156 After turning southeastwards and entering the Bay of Biscay Gloria subsequently made landfall close to Santander in northern Spain on 19 January 157 Gloria quickly passed over northern Spain as a weak cyclone and then emerged into the western Mediterranean Sea where it stalled for several days 157 158 159 After remaining nearly stationary near the Balearic Islands for around 48 hours Gloria began to slowly drift southwards and then westwards passing over the Strait of Gibraltar and northern Morocco on 22 January 160 before emerging into the far eastern Atlantic on 23 January After looping for several days offshore to the south and west of Portugal 161 Gloria dissipated on 25 January off the country s southern coast 162 High winds and heavy rainfall caused severe damage along the path of Gloria The highest recorded wind gust during the storm was 133 km h 83 mph 72 kn 163 Gloria s exceptionally slow movement resulted in severe flash flooding across northeastern Spain and southern France In total across France Portugal and Spain seventeen people were killed as a result of Storm Gloria including three people whose bodies were never found 164 Preliminary damage totals relating to Gloria are at least 150 million 180 million 165 Storm Herve Petra Edit Storm Herve Disorganised Storm Herve over Eastern Europe on 4 February Track and intensity of Storm Herve at six hour intervals according to the Met OfficeArea affectedFrance Austria Switzerland Czech Republic Germany RomaniaDate of impact2 February 8 FebruaryMaximum wind gust195 km h 121 mph 105 kn Lowest pressure990 mbar 29 inHg Fatalities3DamageMinimalStorm Herve originated as a weak shortwave disturbance along a frontal boundary over the Azores on 2 February 166 Slowly developing as it drifted northeastwards along the frontal boundary Meteo France named the weak low Herve during the afternoon of 3 February 19 In the 12 hours that followed Storm Herve being named it moved into the Bay of Biscay and rapidly deepened from 1 012 mbar 29 9 inHg to its initial peak intensity of 996 mbar 29 4 inHg After entering the English Channel Herve moved generally eastward offshore between the United Kingdom and France expanding in size before making landfall in Belgium on 4 February 167 168 After landfall Herve accelerated southeastwards into Central Europe at a considerable forward pace reaching its overall peak intensity of 990 mbar 29 inHg on 5 February 169 while centred over Romania 170 Herve began to slow down and gradually weaken on 6 February as it emerged over the Black Sea 171 this weakening trend accelerated on 7 February when Herve degenerated back into a shortwave trough following landfall in far southern Russia 172 Herve was last noted moving into eastern Turkey on 8 February dissipating by the next day 173 The most considerable impacts from Storm Herve were felt in Central Europe Strong wind gusts and flooding led to two deaths in Austria 174 and another person died in the Czech Republic as a result of Herve 175 Overnight on 3 4 February as Herve was approaching from the west it brought the highest winds recorded in Switzerland since 1981 also severely impacting southern Germany and Austria around the same time 176 The highest wind gust recorded during the storm was 195 km h 121 mph 105 kn at Cap Corse in Corsica France 167 Storm Ciara Sabine Edit Main article Storm Ciara Storm Ciara The storm off the eastern coast of the United States on 7 February Track of the storm according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office Area affectedEastern United States Ireland United Kingdom Belgium The Netherlands Germany FranceDate of impact8 10 February 2020Maximum wind gust219 km h 136 mph 118 kn 177 Lowest pressure943 mbar 27 8 inHg 178 Fatalities13On 4 February 2020 the Met Office issued a yellow weather warning for wind covering all of the United Kingdom across the following weekend due to high confidence in the model forecasts for a potential high impact storm although the system involved had not yet formed and no name was issued for it at that time The next day Storm Ciara note 1 was formally named by the Met Office 20 in Germany the storm is called Sabine 179 It formed out of a weak area of low pressure emerging into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern United States earlier that day the precursor system had previously brought heavy snowfall to large tracts of the United States and Eastern Canada with tornadoes across the southern and mid Atlantic states 180 On 6 February Met Eireann issued a country wide yellow wind and rain warning for Saturday 8 February through Sunday 9 February expecting average wind speeds from 50 to 65 km h 31 to 40 mph 27 to 35 kn and gusts up to 110 km h 68 mph 59 kn and rainfall of up to 40 mm 1 6 in Additional orange wind warnings were issued for the counties Galway Mayo and Donegal on 7 February 181 182 The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute KNMI issued a country wide yellow wind warning on 7 February expecting wind gusts up to 120 km h 75 mph 65 kn 183 The same date the Met Office issued an amber warning for southeast England for Sunday The rest of the United Kingdom remained under a yellow wind warning The agency expects gusting of 80 to 97 km h 50 to 60 mph 43 to 52 kn across the country with the possibility of gusts up to 130 km h 80 mph 70 kn along the coastal regions 184 On 8 February the KNMI updated their warning to orange for wind gusts up to 130 km h 81 mph in the whole country 185 The Royal Dutch Football Association KNVB also postponed all premier league matches set for 9 February 186 On 9 February the storm set above Belgium due to the strong winds the Royal Belgian Football Association KBVB postponed all football events on this day 187 and also the Vlaamse Aardbeiencross was cancelled 188 Ciara caused an estimated 500 million in damage in Germany 189 Storm Ines Tomris Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it October 2022 Storm Ines Storm Ines approaching Ireland on 12 February Track of storm Ines according to the Ocean Prediction Center Area affectedFrance Spain Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium GermanyDate of impact13 February 2020Maximum wind gust132 km h 82 mph 71 kn Pointe du Raz Brittany France 190 Lowest pressure976 mbar 28 8 inHg 191 Ines was named by the French meteorological agency Meteo France on 12 February 2020 The agency issued yellow and orange warnings for wind speeds of up to 130 km h 81 mph 70 kn in the northern parts of the country 22 23 Ines formed above Newfoundland on 11 February 192 It affected primarily France with wind speeds up to and surpassing 130 km h 81 mph 70 kn on 13 February 190 while it brought waves up to 6 m 20 ft from the Galician to Cantabrian coast 192 Storm Dennis Victoria Edit Main article Storm Dennis Storm Dennis Dennis above the Atlantic Ocean on 14 February with its cold front flanking the east coast of North America Track of storm Dennis according to the Ocean Prediction Center Area affectedIreland United Kingdom Iceland Netherlands Belgium France NorwayDate of impact11 18 February 2020Maximum wind gust230 km h 140 mph 120 kn Lowest pressure920 mbar 27 inHg Storm Dennis was named jointly by the UK Met Office Met Eireann and the Netherlands Meteorological Service on 11 February with heavy rain and strong winds expected to affect the UK from 15 February 193 It was quickly nicknamed Dennis the Menace 194 as a reference from The Beano character of the same name Storm Jorge Charlotte Edit Storm Jorge Jorge approaching the British Isles on 29 February Track of storm Jorge according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office Area affectedUnited Kingdom Ireland IcelandDate of impact25 February 5 March 2020Lowest pressure952 mbar 28 1 inHg Jorge was named by the Spanish meteorological agency on 27 February The agency warned for seas up to 5 m 16 ft high and snow from 1 000 m 3 300 ft 24 Met Eireann issued Status Red wind warnings for County Galway and County Clare and Status Orange wind warnings for the remainder of the country 195 while in the United Kingdom the Met Office issued yellow wind warnings for all of Wales and Northern Ireland most of England and parts of Scotland before it even hit Iceland Storm Karine Diana III Edit Storm Karine Karine covering much of southern Europe on 2 March Track of storm Karine according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office Area affectedFrance Spain ItalyDate of impact29 February 4 March 2020Lowest pressure984 mbar 29 1 inHg Storm Karine was named by AEMET on 29 February to impact on 2 March The storm was named before Leon however Leon developed before Karine on 1 March and so alphabetical order does not correspond to chronological order of these two storms 196 Storm Leon Diana II Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it October 2022 Storm Leon The storm covering much of France on 1 March Track of storm Leon according to the Ocean Prediction Center Area affectedSpain France BelgiumDate of impact29 February 1 March 2020Lowest pressure990 mbar 29 2 inHg Storm Leon was named by MeteoFrance on 1 March to affect the country later the same day 197 Storm Myriam Edit Storm Myriam The storm above the Atlantic Ocean on 2 March Track of storm Myriam according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office Area affectedSpain France Corsica Malta ItalyDate of impact29 February 5 March 2020Lowest pressure992 mbar 29 3 inHg This section is empty You can help by adding to it March 2020 Storm Norberto Elli Edit Storm Norberto Norberto covering parts of Europe on 5 March Track of storm Norberto according to the Ocean Prediction Center and Met Office Area affectedFrance Germany PolandDate of impact3 7 March 2020Lowest pressure982 mbar 29 0 inHg This section is empty You can help by adding to it September 2020 Storm Ellen Edit Storm Ellen Area affectedUnited Kingdom amp IrelandDate of impact18 27 August 2020Maximum wind gust143 km h 89 mph 77 kn Roche s Point Ireland 198 Lowest pressure966 4 mbar 28 54 inHg 199 200 Fatalities4 201 Power outages194 000Storm Ellen was named by the Irish Meteorological Office on 18 August 2020 202 On 18 August Met Eireann issued a Status Orange wind warning for counties Galway Mayo Clare Cork Kerry Limerick and Waterford for Wednesday 19 August through Thursday 20 August expecting gusts of between 110 km h and 130 km h 203 204 On 19 August a Status Red wind warning for Cork was issued valid from Wednesday 19 August until midnight 205 206 On 20 August Ellen absorbed the remnants of Tropical Storm Kyle 207 208 209 Over 194 000 homes and businesses were left without power as the storm battered the country with severe gusts of up to 143 km h 89 mph 77 kn which led to fallen trees and flooding overnight 210 On 20 August Met Eireann issued a Status Yellow wind warning for counties Dublin Louth Wexford Wicklow Meath Cork Kerry and Waterford expecting very strong winds and a continued risk of coastal flooding 211 Storm Francis Kirsten Edit Storm Francis Francis crossing the British Isles on 25 AugustArea affectedGreat Britain Ireland Belgium and the NetherlandsDate of impact24 27 August 2020Maximum wind gust160 km h 100 mph 87 kn Lowest pressure979 mbar 28 9 inHg 212 Storm Francis was named by the UK Met Office on 24 August It was forecast to make landfall off the West Coast of Ireland on 25 August with very severe winds rain and impacts for most of the country as well as the west of the UK 2 yellow weather warnings for Wind amp Rain were issued by the Met Office for the storm s impacts on 25 amp 26 August 213 In Wales Storm Francis was the cause of a large amount of flash flooding in the South of the country as an indirect cause of this many homes were left without power Met Eireann issued Status Orange Rainfall warning for Connacht Cavan Monaghan Donegal Wexford Cork Kerry and Waterford This warning was issued on 24 August 2020 11 00 and valid between 24 August 2020 21 00 and 25 August 2020 17 00 Status Yellow Rainfall warning was put in place for all remaining counties including Northern Ireland s counties Eastern counties received Status Yellow Wind warning as well 214 The KMI from Belgium issued an orange warning for summerstorm Francis In The Netherlands the KNMI issued a yellow warning The storm peaked with wind gusts up to 107 km h 66 mph 58 kn Storm Odette Wicca Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it October 2022 Storm Odette Odette over the North Sea on 25 SeptemberArea affectedBelgium United KingdomDate of impact23 26 September 2020Other systems EditOn 29 September a moderate storm named Mortimer by FUB moved across central Europe and killed three people 215 In late October 2019 a medicane formed far east in the Mediterranean Sea It affected Cyprus Israel and Egypt The storm formed in the far east of the sea something which is not seen often 216 On 10 11 December an explosively deepening storm affected Iceland where the meteorological office declared its first red warning for parts of the country 217 The system was named Siro by the Free University of Berlin The storm dropped to a pressure of 949 mbar 28 0 inHg bringing strong winds and blizzard conditions causing a complete halt to transportation and power loss to 20 000 The storm was described by Icelandic meteorologists as a once in a decade event 218 On 15 January the extreme weather event Didrik hit the southern coast of Norway with high coastal waters This weather event was caused by Storm Brendan which for a longer period had stalled south east of Iceland and a secondary low named Gerlinde by the Free University of Berlin Storm Brendan had for a longer period pushed water towards the coast of Norway bringing high coastal waters already from 13 January Gerlinde was expected to bring even higher water levels Due to these two low pressure areas combined with full moon 10 January the Norwegian Meteorological Institute named the event Didrik Gerlinde moved quicker than expected over southern Norway and brought lower water levels to the southern coast but Brendan however moved towards the coast more powerful than expected and brought higher water levels on the western coast The weather event made damage to many buildings along the coast as well as disrupt railway services due to flooding 219 On 28 January Storm Lolita named by FUB caused two deaths in Germany 220 221 On 14 February a rapidly deepening low in the Atlantic affected Iceland named Uta by the Free University of Berlin Red wind warnings for the south of Iceland were issued with reports of coastal flooding around the Reykjanes peninsula 222 On 22 February storm Tuuli named by the Finnish Meteorological Institute hit Finland On 27 February Bianca FUB affected France Switzerland and Germany 223 On 12 March storm Laura hit Denmark and southern Sweden It was named Laura by the Danish Meteorological Institute and known as Hanna by the Free University of Berlin In Sweden winds gusts of up to 136 km h 85 mph 73 5 kn 37 8 m s was recorded Strong winds cut the power to more than 20 000 people and also closed the Oresund bridge 224 On 25 July a storm hit the eastern parts of Finland Despite its severity it was only unofficially named Uuno by the Finnish media Strong winds caused trees to fall over electrical lines cutting power to more than 3 000 people 225 The damages to forests was estimated to cost between 2 and 3 million euros 226 On 30 July another storm hit Finland This was more powerful and was officially named Paivo by the Finnish Meteorological Institute Season effects EditStorm Dates active Highest wind gust Lowest pressure Fatalities missing Damage Affected areasLorenzo 2 4 October 107 km h 66 mph 58 kn 966 mbar 28 5 inHg 11 7 283 million 336 million Azores Eastern United States while a hurricane Ireland United KingdomAmelie 1 4 November 189 km h 117 mph 102 kn 972 mbar 28 7 inHg 1 80 million 90 million France Spain ItalyBernardo 10 11 November 111 km h 69 mph 60 kn 996 mbar 29 4 inHg 1 Spain AlgeriaCecilia 16 29 November 163 km h 101 mph 88 kn 974 mbar 28 8 inHg 0 SpainSebastien 24 November 1 December 80 km h 50 mph 43 kn 980 mbar 29 inHg 0 Ireland United KingdomAtiyah 4 9 December 150 1 km h 93 3 mph 81 0 kn 956 mbar 28 2 inHg 0 40 million 48 million Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands FranceDaniel 15 20 December 135 km h 84 mph 73 kn 982 mbar 29 0 inHg 0 Portugal SpainElsa 13 20 December 168 km h 104 mph 91 kn 961 mbar 28 4 inHg 8 170 million 200 million Portugal Spain France United Kingdom Ireland NorwayFabien 16 23 December 206 km h 128 mph 111 kn 963 mbar 28 4 inHg 0 170 million 200 million Portugal Spain FranceBrendan 11 17 January 182 km h 113 mph 98 kn 940 mbar 27 8 inHg 1 2 million 2 3 million Ireland United Kingdom Belgium Netherlands Spain FranceGloria 15 20 January 133 km h 83 mph 72 kn 993 mbar 29 3 inHg 25 4 150 million 180 million Portugal SpainHerve 3 6 February 195 km h 121 mph 105 kn 990 mbar 29 2 inHg 3 France Austria Switzerland Czech Republic GermanyCiara 4 12 February 219 km h 136 mph 118 kn 943 mbar 27 8 inHg 18 To be confirmed Ireland United Kingdom Belgium The Netherlands GermanyInes 11 14 February 132 km h 82 mph 71 kn 976 mbar 28 8 inHg 0 FranceDennis 12 20 February 230 km h 140 mph 120 kn 920 mbar 27 inHg 6 1 To be confirmed Ireland United Kingdom Belgium The Netherlands GermanyJorge 25 February 5 March 952 mbar 28 1 inHg 0 United Kingdom Ireland IcelandKarine 2 4 March 984 mbar 29 1 inHg 0 France Spain ItalyLeon 29 February 1 March 990 mbar 29 2 inHg 0 Spain France BelgiumMyriam 29 February 5 March 992 mbar 29 3 inHg 0 Spain France Corsica Malta ItalyNorberto 3 7 March 982 mbar 29 0 inHg 0 France GermanyEllen 18 27 August 143 km h 89 mph 77 kn 966 4 mbar 28 54 inHg 4 Ireland United Kingdom PortugalFrancis 24 27 August 160 km h 100 mph 87 kn 979 mbar 28 9 inHg Ireland United Kingdom The NetherlandsOdette 23 26 September Belgium United Kingdom22 windstorms 2 October 26 September 230 0 km h 142 9 mph 124 2 kn 920 mbar 27 2 inHg 74 12 895 million 1 06 billion Coordination of storms named by European meteorological services Edit2019 20 named storms table dates of impact when warnings are issued for not duration Mortimer FUB 29 September 2019 ex Lorenzo NHC 2 4 October 2019 Amelie FrEsPtBe Arne FUB 2 3 November 2019 227 228 Bernardo FrEsPtBe Detlef note 2 FUB 9 11 November 2019 230 a Mediterranean storm Cecilia FrEsPtBe Luis FUB 231 22 23 November 2019 Atiyah IEUKNL 232 Rudi FUB 233 8 9 December 2019 Siro FUB 10 11 December 2019 Daniel FrEsPtBe Xander FUB 16 December 2019 Elsa FrEsPtBe 234 Yadid FUB 17 18 December 2019 Fabien FrEsPtBe 235 Ailton FUB 21 22 December 2019 Brendan IEUKNL 236 Fenja FUB 13 January 2020 Didrik No for high coastal water levels 237 combination of Brendan and secondary low IEUKNL Gerlinde and Fenja FUB 14 15 January 2020 Gloria FrEsPtBe 238 Ilka FUB 19 23 January 2020 a Mediterranean storm Lolita FUB 28 January 2020 Herve FrEsPtBe Petra FUB 239 4 5 February 2020 Ciara IEUKNL Sabine FUB Elsa No for high coastal water levels 240 8 10 February 2020 Ines FrEsPtBe Tomris FUB 241 13 February 2020 Uta FUB 14 February 2020 Dennis IEUKNL Victoria FUB 15 17 February 2020 242 Tuuli Fi Xanthippe III FUB 22 February 2020 Bianca FUB 27 February 2020 Jorge FrEsPtBe Charlotte FUB 29 February 1 March 2020 Karine FrESPtBe 243 Diana III FUB 2 March 2020 Leon FrEsPtBe 244 Diana II FUB 1 March 2020 Myriam FrEsPtBe 223 3 March 2020 Norberto FrEsPtBe 245 Elli FUB 5 March 2020 Laura dk 246 Hanna FUB 12 March 2020 Uuno Fi Quiola FUB 25 June 2020 Paivo Fi Ulrike FUB 30 June 1 July 2020 Ellen IEUKNL 247 19 20 August 2020 Francis IEUKNL Kirsten FUB 25 26 August 2020 248 Odette FrEsPtBe 249 Wicca FUB 25 September 2020 Notes Edit In this case Ciara is pronounced Kee ra according to official Met Eireann guidance issued at the time the naming list was announced citation needed although there are multiple alternative pronunciations of the name Ciara On 10 November 2019 analysis this system was known as Detlef II 229 References Edit Gleeson Colin Met Eireann appealing for names for next season s storms The Irish Times NameOurStorms Met Office asks UK weather fans to help name storms ITV News 30 July 2019 a b UK Storm Centre metoffice gov uk Met Office Retrieved 5 October 2019 Storm Names met ie Met Eireann 6 September 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Storm names for 2019 20 announced metoffice gov uk Met Office 5 September 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Met Eireann MetEireann 3 September 2019 We will be announcing the Storm Names for 2019 20 this Friday morning Sept 6th Thanks for all your suggestions We have the names selected apart from the letter L So can you please help us decide by voting for your favourite below StormNames2019 metoffice Tweet via Twitter Les listes des noms de tempetes 2018 2019 rendues publiques in French Meteo France 12 September 2018 Archived from the original on 15 September 2018 Retrieved 14 September 2018 Nueva Temporada de nombramiento de borrascas con gran impacto aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 1 October 2018 Retrieved 3 October 2018 a b c d e Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2019 2020 aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 3 September 2019 Las listas de los nombres de borrascas para 2018 2019 in European Spanish Revista del Aficionado a la Meteorologia 13 September 2018 Retrieved 15 September 2018 a b c d How will Storm Lorenzo affect the UK metoffice gov uk Met Office 2 October 2019 Retrieved 2 October 2019 a b Daniel Brown 2 October 2019 Post Tropical Cyclone Lorenzo Discussion Number 41 nhc noaa gov Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2 October 2019 a b Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2019 2020 aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 6 November 2019 a b VigiMeteoFrance VigiMeteoFrance 1 November 2019 La premiere tempete de l automne a ete nommee Amelie et abordera la cote atlantique en deuxieme partie de nuit de samedi a dimanche vents tempetueux dimanche matin sur le sud ouest du pays TempeteAmelie www meteofrance com Tweet in French Retrieved 1 November 2019 via Twitter a b AEMET AEMET Esp 9 November 2019 Segunda borrasca con nombre de la temporada La borrascaBernardo afectara especialmente al E de las islas Baleares www aemet es es eltiempo prediccion mapa frentes Tweet in Spanish Retrieved 12 November 2019 via Twitter a b AEMET AEMET Esp 21 November 2019 Nombrada la borrascaCecilia que dara lugar manana a un TemporaldeLluviayViento en la Peninsula Tweet in Spanish Retrieved 22 November 2019 via Twitter Met Eireann name the first storm of the season metoffice gov uk Met Office 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 a b c Aviso especial 2019 12 19 PDF aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 19 December 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2019 a b Meteo la tempete Herve marque la fin de la douceur exceptionnelle meteofrance fr in French Meteo France 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 6 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 a b Storm Ciara named by Met Office metoffice gov uk Met Office 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Storm Dennis to bring heavy rain and gales to the UK metoffice gov uk Met Office 11 February 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2020 a b Meteo France VigiMeteoFrance 12 February 2020 Nous avons nomme Ines la depression en approche sur l Atlantique elle apportera un temps agite sur la moitie nord du pays ce jeudi 13 surtout pres de la Manche dans un contexte de fortes marees vigilanceorange vaguessubmersion vent TempeteInes vigilance meteofrance com Tweet Retrieved 12 February 2020 via Twitter a b Carte de vigilance Meteo France vigilance meteofrance com Meteo France Archived from the original on 12 February 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link a b Temporal de lluvia viento y mar en la Peninsula y Baleares PDF aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 27 February 2020 Archived from the original PDF on 27 February 2020 Retrieved 27 February 2020 IPMA ipma pt 26 September 2019 2019 1210FURACAO LORENZO ACORES COMUNICADO Nº1 www ipma pt pt otempo comunicados Tweet in Portuguese via Twitter Eric Blake 30 September 2019 Hurricane Lorenzo Discussion Number 31 nhc noaa gov Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved 30 September 2019 Andrew Latto 30 September 2019 Hurricane Lorenzo Discussion Number 33 nhc noaa gov Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved 30 September 2019 Richard Pasch 2 October 2019 Hurricane Lorenzo Discussion Number 40 nhc noaa gov Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2 October 2019 National Warnings Met Eireann met ie Met Eireann 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 2 October 2019 Retrieved 2 October 2019 Tracking Hurricane Lorenzo met ie Met Eireann 3 October 2019 Archived from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 6 October 2019 Graham Fahy 3 October 2019 Peter Graff ed Ireland braces for damage and flooding as storm Lorenzo nears reuters com Reuters Retrieved 6 October 2019 Digital Desk Staff 4 October 2019 Storm Lorenzo ESB work to restore power to thousands of homes and businesses breakingnews ie BreakingNews Retrieved 6 October 2019 Met Eireann MetEireann 4 October 2019 The map below shows the highest 10 min mean wind speeds and the maximum gust recorded at each station during the last two days The figures are colour coded in line with our warning criteria Tweet via Twitter Christensen 4 October 2019 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 12 00 UTC 04 Oct 2019 ocean noaa gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 5 October 2019 Retrieved 5 October 2019 Analyse 20191005 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191006 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191008 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Storm Lorenzo Power outages and flooding in Donegal bbc com British Broadcasting Corporation 4 October 2019 Retrieved 6 October 2019 Ronan McGreevy Rachel McLaughlin 4 October 2019 Power restored to all electricity customers following Storm Lorenzo says ESB The Irish Times Retrieved 6 October 2019 Man dies after being struck by tree amid Storm Lorenzo somersetlive co uk Somerset Live 3 October 2019 Retrieved 23 November 2019 Zelinsky David A Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Lorenzo AL132019 PDF National Hurricane Center NOAA Retrieved 3 October 2020 a b c d e Weather Climate amp Catastrophe Insight 2019 Annual Report PDF AON Thought Leadership AON Benfield Retrieved 3 October 2020 Preliminary Analysis 2019 10 31 00Z Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 3 October 2020 METEO FRANCE par Meteo France Previsions meteo gratuites a 15 jours sur la France les regions et les departements meteofrance com in French Meteo France 1 November 2019 Archived from the original on 1 November 2019 Retrieved 1 November 2019 Week end de Toussaint de plus en plus agite meteofrance fr in French Meteo France 30 October 2019 Archived from the original on 1 November 2019 Retrieved 1 November 2019 Borrasca Amelie AEMET aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 8 November 2019 Marshall Huffman 3 November 2019 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 3 November 2019 00 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 6 November 2019 Retrieved 6 November 2019 a b c Tempete Amelie du 3 novembre 2019 meteofrance fr in French Meteo France 4 November 2019 Archived from the original on 6 November 2019 Retrieved 6 November 2019 Tempete Amelie Deux blesses en Bretagne 140 000 foyers prives d electricite dans le Sud Ouest Ouest France fr in French 3 November 2019 Retrieved 3 November 2019 Pensioner dies in Nice after storm Amelie triggers landslides thelocal fr The Local 4 November 2019 Retrieved 6 November 2019 Train passengers in France stranded for up to 15 hours after storms close line between Paris and south west thelocal fr The Local 4 November 2019 Retrieved 6 November 2019 Analyse 2019 11 04 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 4 November 2019 Retrieved 6 November 2019 Analyse 2019 11 05 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 5 November 2019 Retrieved 6 November 2019 Analyse 20191105 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191106 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191109 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Preliminary Analysis 2019 11 07 00Z Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 3 October 2020 a b Borrasca Bernardo Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia AEMET Gobierno de Espana aemet es in Spanish Retrieved 15 November 2019 MetOffice Analysis chart 11 November 2019 06 00 UTC GIF wetter3 de MetOffice 11 November 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Huracan mediterraneo medican Bernardo en la costa de Argelia cazatormentas com in Spanish Cazatormentas 12 November 2019 Retrieved 13 November 2019 Analyse 20191111 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191112 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191113 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191114 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191115 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191118 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Laud Georginia 13 November 2019 Europe weather THREE storms to hit Spain as large mass of cold air blasts Europe express co uk Daily Express Retrieved 13 November 2019 La gran borrasca Bernardo pone en alerta a Baleares cronicabalear es in Spanish Cronica Balear 10 November 2019 Retrieved 13 November 2019 Laud Georginia 13 November 2019 Europe weather Tourists warned as Storm Bernardo to smash Spain as snow and sleet hits express co uk Daily Express Retrieved 13 November 2019 Surface Analysis 2019 11 16 Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 4 October 2020 Surface Analysis 2019 11 19 Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191121 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Cereceda Rafael 22 November 2019 A wave of cold polar air could hit Europe in early December Euronews Retrieved 4 October 2020 Kevin Achorn 22 November 2019 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 22 November 2019 12 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 22 November 2019 Retrieved 22 November 2019 Borrasca Cecilia aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 13 February 2020 The crew of the chemist Blue Star safe and on board after running aground in Ares Spain s News 23 November 2019 Retrieved 23 November 2019 Analyse 20191125 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191128 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 a b Analyse 20191129 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 a b Brown Daniel P Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Sebastien AL202019 PDF National Hurricane Center NOAA Retrieved 4 October 2020 NASA tracking Extra Tropical Storm Sebastien towards the UK EurekAlert Retrieved 4 October 2020 a b c Storm Sebastien Flood warnings in place as remnants of tropical storm could batter UK Sky News Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191126 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191201 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Mahmood Basit 25 November 2019 Storm Sebastien on course to crash into Britain with life threatening weather Metro Retrieved 4 October 2020 Shaw Neil 25 November 2019 Storm Sebastien to lash UK with high winds and heavy rain for days Wales Online Media Wales Retrieved 4 October 2020 Skoulding Lucy 26 November 2019 London weather Tropical Storm Sebastien to batter London with 35 hours of rain and thunder storms MyLondon Retrieved 4 October 2020 Ex Storm Sebastien Brings Flooding And Force Seven Winds to the Isle of Wight Isle of Wight Radio Retrieved 4 October 2020 permanent dead link Deeks Steve 27 November 2019 Residents in flooding hotspot village Wallington near Fareham escape mayhem The News Portsmouth Retrieved 4 October 2020 Surface Analysis 2019 12 05 Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 4 October 2020 Warnings Met Eireann met ie Met Eireann 6 December 2019 Archived from the original on 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Met Eireann MetEireann 8 December 2019 Status Red Wind warning issued for Kerry Valid from 16 00 Sun 08 Dec 2019 until 19 00 Sun 08 Dec 2019 Tweet Retrieved 9 December 2019 via Twitter David Mills 8 December 2019 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 8 December 2019 06 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 9 December 2019 Retrieved 8 December 2019 a b Around 2 000 without power following Storm Atiyah RTE 9 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 a b Seth Jacobson 9 December 2019 UK weather Storm Atiyah brings high winds and power cuts The Guardian Retrieved 9 December 2019 a b c Abigail O Leary 9 December 2019 Storm Atiyah 15 000 homes without power as UK battered by 96mph winds Daily Mirror Retrieved 9 December 2019 Storm Atiyah metoffice gov uk Met Office Retrieved 9 December 2019 Raymond Klaassen 7 December 2019 Een paar echte herfstdagen weerplaza nl in Dutch Weerplaza Retrieved 9 December 2019 Tempete Atiyah vents tempetueux et temps perturbe ce lundi meteofrance fr in French Meteo France 6 December 2019 Archived from the original on 9 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 Analyse 20191210 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191213 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191215 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Daniel azota con fuerza antes de la irrupcion manana de Elsa la quinta gran borrasca de la temporada abc es in Spanish ABC 17 December 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2019 Analyse 20191217 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Met Office 19 December 2019 Met Office Analysis chart 06 00 UTC 2019 12 19 GIF wetter3 de Retrieved 20 December 2019 Analyse 20191219 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 Analyse 20191221 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 4 October 2020 La borrasca Daniel pierde fuerza aunque mantiene en alerta a 6 comunidades elmundo es in Spanish El Mundo 17 December 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2019 a b Borrasca Daniel aemet es Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 3 January 2020 Stephen Konarik 13 December 2019 West Atlantic Surface Analysis 2019 12 13 18 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 20 December 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2019 Joseph Sienkiewicz 16 December 2019 West Atlantic Surface Pressure Analysis 2019 12 16 12 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 20 December 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2019 Stephen Konarik 17 December 2019 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 2019 12 17 12 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 21 December 2019 Retrieved 21 December 2019 Analyse 20191218 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191219 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191220 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 20191221 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 3 October 2020 Analyse 2019 12 22 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 22 December 2019 Retrieved 23 December 2019 Met Eireann issues Status Orange warning and acknowledges Storm Elsa will impact leinsterexpress ie Leinster Express 18 December 2019 Retrieved 21 December 2019 a b Young David Jones Steve 18 December 2019 Storm Elsa batters Ireland s west coast Irish Independent Retrieved 21 December 2019 a b O Brien Tim Wilson Jade 19 December 2019 Met Eireann defends timings of warnings given over Storm Elsa The Irish Times Retrieved 21 December 2019 McGrath Dominic Halpin Hayley 19 December 2019 Fallen trees and power outages after Storm Elsa causes damage in the west and south thejournal ie The Journal Retrieved 21 December 2019 Storm Elsa Batters Parts Of Europe Four Dead Kinn Erlend 22 December 2019 Stormen Elsa har krevd atte menneskeliv NRK in Norwegian Bokmal Retrieved 22 December 2019 Borrasca Elsa aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 13 February 2020 Storm Elsa devastates southern Europe five dead dw com Deutsche Welle 20 December 2019 Retrieved 20 December 2019 Surface Analysis 2019 12 17 Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 7 October 2020 a b c Storms Elsa and Fabien leave nine people dead across Europe The Guardian 22 December 2019 Retrieved 24 December 2019 Casey Joseph 21 December 2019 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 2019 12 21 18 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 23 December 2019 Retrieved 23 December 2019 Analyse 20191221 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20191223 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20191224 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20191225 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20191226 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20191228 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20191229 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Tempete Fabien des milliers de foyers sans electricite les liaisons avec la Corse reprennent lemonde fr in French Le Monde 22 December 2019 Retrieved 24 December 2019 Antoine Albertini 23 December 2019 En Corse apres le passage de la tempete Fabien Personne n avait vecu des episodes d une telle violence lemonde fr in French Le Monde Retrieved 24 December 2019 a b La borrasca Fabien se retira de Galicia pero aun hay mas de 17 000 gallegos sin suministro electrico lavozdegalicia es in Spanish La Voz de Galicia 22 December 2019 Retrieved 24 December 2019 Galicia registra rachas de viento de hasta 184 km h y 27 000 hogares se quedan sin luz farodevigo es in Spanish Faro de Vigo 21 December 2019 Retrieved 24 December 2019 Surface Analysis 2020 01 10 Ocean Prediction Center NOAA Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20200112 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Casey Joseph 13 January 2020 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 13 January 2020 18 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 14 January 2020 Retrieved 14 January 2020 Analyse 20200115 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20200116 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20200117 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20200118 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Analyse 20200119 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 7 October 2020 Storm Brendan 2 500 homes and businesses still without power The Irish Times 14 January 2020 Retrieved 14 January 2020 UK weather Storm Brendan brings rain and 80mph gusts BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 13 January 2020 Retrieved 13 January 2020 Ferries cancelled and flood warnings as Storm Brendan hits BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 13 January 2020 Retrieved 13 January 2020 Mike Kendon 21 January 2020 Storms Atiyah December 2019 and Brendan January 2020 PDF metoffice gov uk Met Office Retrieved 13 February 2020 Global Catastrophe Recap January 2020 PDF AON Thought Leadership AON Benfield Retrieved 7 October 2020 Winter Storm Closes Schools Airlines Prepare for Delays The Weather Channel Retrieved 11 January 2020 Winter Storm Brings Mess of Snow Ice and Wind to Plains Great Lakes and Northern New England in Mid January RECAP The Weather Channel James Nolt 17 January 2020 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 17 January 2020 12 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 22 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Aviso especial PDF aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 17 January 2020 Archived from the original PDF on 27 January 2020 Retrieved 17 January 2020 a b http www met fu berlin de de wetter maps Analyse 20200119 gif bare URL image file http www met fu berlin de de wetter maps Analyse 20200120 gif bare URL image file http www met fu berlin de de wetter maps Analyse 20200121 gif bare URL image file http www met fu berlin de de wetter maps Analyse 20200122 gif bare URL image file http www met fu berlin de de wetter maps Analyse 20200124 gif bare URL image file http www met fu berlin de de wetter maps Analyse 20200125 gif bare URL image file Borrasca Gloria aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 13 February 2020 Referencia del Consejo de Ministros gob es in Spanish 28 January 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2020 http thoughtleadership aonbenfield com Documents 20200602 analytics if january global recap pdf bare URL PDF Analyse 20200202 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 10 October 2020 a b Borrasca Herve aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 6 February 2020 Analyse 20200204 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 10 October 2020 Met Office 5 February 2020 Met Office Analysis chart 00 00 UTC 2020 02 05 GIF wetter3 de Retrieved 6 February 2020 Analyse 20200205 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 10 October 2020 Analyse 20200206 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 10 October 2020 Analyse 20200207 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 10 October 2020 Analyse 20200208 Institut fur Meteorologie Free University of Berlin Retrieved 10 October 2020 Zwei Todesopfer nach heftigem Sturm am Dienstag kurier at in German 4 February 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Zelenkova Zuzana 5 February 2020 Strom se zritil na projizdejici auto Ridic neprezil Boleslavsky denik in Czech Retrieved 9 February 2020 Highest winds in history Hurricane sweeps across Switzerland www thelocal ch 4 February 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2020 Tempete Ciara vents violents et douceur au Sud Est meteofrance fr in French Meteo France 11 February 2020 Archived from the original on 12 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 Met Office 10 February 2020 Met Office Analysis chart 06 00 UTC 2020 02 10 GIF wetter3 de Retrieved 10 February 2020 WARNLAGEBERICHT fur Deutschland dwd de Deutschen Wetterdienst Archived from the original on 8 February 2020 Retrieved 8 February 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Judson Jones 5 February 2020 Winter weather alerts stretch over 2 300 miles from New Mexico to Maine edition cnn com CNN Retrieved 7 February 2020 Meteorologist s Commentary met ie Met Eireann Archived from the original on 7 February 2020 Retrieved 7 February 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Warnings met ie Met Eireann Archived from the original on 7 February 2020 Retrieved 7 February 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Waarschuwingen knmi nl in Dutch Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut Archived from the original on 7 February 2020 Retrieved 7 February 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Storm Ciara triggers amber wind warning metoffice gov uk Met Office 7 February 2020 Retrieved 7 February 2020 Taha Naz 9 February 2020 Code oranje voor monsterstorm Eredivisieduels afgelast Schiphol en Brussel schrappen vluchten Code orange for monster storm Eredivisie duels canceled Schiphol and Brussels cancel flights AD nl Retrieved 9 February 2020 KNVB scraps all premier league matches from Sunday due to heavy storm AD nl 8 February 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Overzicht Vlaanderen bereidt zich voor op storm Ciara parken en kermissen gaan dicht De Standaard in Flemish Retrieved 9 February 2020 Merksplas Superprestige races cancelled due to Storm Ciara Cyclingnews 9 February 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Viele Unfalle auf Deutschlands Strassen www t online de in German 12 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 a b Meteo France VigiMeteoFrance 13 February 2020 Fortes rafales au passage de la tempete Ines 132 km h a la Pointe du Raz 126 a Saint Vaast la Hougue 50 117 a Gouville 50 99 a Livry 14 96 a Toussus le Noble 78 109 a Avord 18 100 a Chateauroux 36 122 a Clermont Fd vigilance meteofrance com Tweet Retrieved 13 February 2020 via Twitter George Bancroft 12 February 2020 East Atlantic Surface Analysis 12 February 2020 18 00 UTC ocean weather gov Ocean Prediction Center Archived from the original GIF on 13 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 a b Borrasca Ines aemet es in Spanish Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia Retrieved 17 February 2020 Storm Dennis New storm due as the UK recovers from Ciara BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 11 February 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2020 Andrew Freedman Jennifer Hassan 11 February 2020 Bomb cyclones poised to form in the North Atlantic will rake Europe with high winds phenomenal seas The Washington Post Red warning issued as Jorge to bring severe winds RTE Raidio Teilifis Eireann 28 February 2020 Retrieved 29 February 2020 Borrasca Karine State Meteorological Agency AEMET Spanish Government www aemet es 6 March 2020 Retrieved 6 March 2020 Meteorologia Agencia Estatal de 5 March 2020 Borrasca Leon State Meteorological Agency AEMET Spanish Government www aemet es in Spanish Retrieved 5 March 2020 metoffice 20 August 2020 StormEllen is currently bringing Tweet via Twitter MetEireann 20 August 2020 StormEllen broke Mean Wind Speed 111 km h amp MSL Pressure 966 4 hPa records for August As our climate continues to change we expect more weather records to be broken Tweet via Twitter Storm Ellen PDF Met Eireann 20 August 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Storm Ellen claims four lives amid huge weather warning 21 August 2020 Met Office metoffice 18 August 2020 StormEllen has been named by MetEireann Whilst the strongest of the winds look likely to affect parts of Ireland some very strong winds are expected across western areas of the UK Warnings have been issued more information here bit ly 317QxgT stay WeatherAware Tweet Retrieved 19 August 2020 via Twitter Weather warnings Met Eireann 19 August 2020 Retrieved 19 August 2020 Storm Ellen to hit Ireland as Status Orange wind warning issued in seven counties TheJournal ie 2020 08 18 RTE Weather Weather Warnings Raidio Teilifis Eireann Retrieved 19 August 2020 Storm Ellen Status Red in Cork as motorists nationwide told to exercise caution TheJournal ie 2020 08 19 Europe Weather Analysis on 2020 08 19 Free University of Berlin 19 August 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Europe Weather Analysis on 2020 08 20 Free University of Berlin 20 August 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Best Barra 19 August 2020 Storm Ellen Warnings issued ahead of strong wind and rain BBC News NI Retrieved 20 August 2020 130 000 homes businesses without power due to Storm Ellen new warnings issued RTE News 2020 08 20 Storm Ellen 70 000 remain without power as some Cork and Tipperary homes face into night without electricity TheJournal ie 2020 08 20 Storm Francis Monday 24th and Tuesday 25th August 2020 PDF Met Eireann Retrieved 27 August 2020 Met Office metoffice 24 August 2020 StormFrancis has been named A deep area of low pressure will bring heavy rain and the risk of severe gales in places during Tuesday and Wednesday Warnings have been issued more information here bit ly 317QxgT stay WeatherAware Tweet Retrieved 19 August 2020 via Twitter Met Eireann Warnings Met Eireann Retrieved 24 August 2020 Storm in central Europe kills 3 disrupts travel and power AP NEWS 30 September 2019 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Tonks Sara Miller Brandon 25 October 2019 A rare hurricane like storm in the Mediterranean threatens Egypt and Israel CNN Retrieved 1 November 2019 Hafstad Vala Red Weather Alert for Northwest Iceland Iceland Monitor Retrieved 10 December 2019 Cappucci Matthew 12 December 2019 Iceland blizzard brings 240 km h 149 mph 129 kn winds up to 300 cm 10 ft of accumulating mountain snow Washington Post Retrieved 13 December 2019 https www met no publikasjoner met info ekstremvaer attachment download 01bf5287 7dd1 4388 8cfa fccde6437aa7 f43bc0eb4a8e7cffeaf702c7721d84b0c584bd93 MET info 15 2020 pdf bare URL PDF SPIEGEL DER 28 January 2020 Kranfuhrer wahrend Sturm getotet DER SPIEGEL Panorama Der Spiegel in German Retrieved 9 February 2020 Fuchs Tobias 29 January 2020 Seniorin aus Wadern Sturm im Saarland fordert ein Todesopfer Saarbrucker Zeitung in German Retrieved 9 February 2020 Flooding in Reykjanes Video Iceland Monitor 14 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 a b Myriam nouvelle tempete sur la France dans un defile de perturbations www meteofrance fr 2 March 2020 Archived from the original on 3 March 2020 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Laura mars 2020 SMHI www smhi se Retrieved 22 January 2021 Uuno myrsky kaatoi puita ja aiheutti sahkokatkoja Pohjois Karjalassa Keskisuomalainen in Finnish 26 June 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Uuno myrskyn metsatuhojen hintalappu nousee miljooniin Yle Uutiset in Finnish 3 July 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2021 Meteocentrale ch 2 November 2019 Randtief Arne D oder Amelie F uber Nordfrankreich bringt Sonntagnachmittag und abend auch der Alpennordseite vorubergehend sturmischen Westwind Kuhles Tiefdruckwetter auch die nachsten 10 Tage in der Schweiz kein Schonwettertag in Sicht Tweet via Twitter Thema des Tages Eine Tiefdruckserie die es in sich hat dwd de in German 4 November 2019 Retrieved 4 November 2019 Analyse 2019 11 10 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 10 November 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Analyse 2019 11 11 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 11 November 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Analyse 2019 11 22 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 22 November 2019 Retrieved 22 November 2019 metoffice 6 December 2019 StormAtiyah has been named by MetEireann Tweet via Twitter Analyse 2019 12 06 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera 6 December 2019 Archived from the original on 16 December 2019 Retrieved 16 December 2019 Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera 19 December 2019 Archived from the original on 1 January 2013 Retrieved 19 December 2019 metoffice 11 January 2020 Met Eireann have named a storm which will affect the UK on Monday StormBrendan will bring gusts of wind up to 80 mph to western coasts A yellow warning is enforce Tweet via Twitter Evensen Mari Rollag 14 January 2020 I Stavanger kan sjoen sta 34 centimeter over kaia NRK in Norwegian Nynorsk Retrieved 14 January 2020 AGENCIA ESTATAL DE METEOROLOGIA PDF AEMET 17 January 2020 Retrieved 17 January 2020 La tempete Petra Herve en francais MeteoSuisse www meteosuisse admin ch in French 4 February 2020 Retrieved 4 February 2020 In pictures Storm batters north western Europe BBC News 10 February 2020 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Analyse 2020 02 12 GIF met fu berlin de in German Free University of Berlin 12 February 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2020 Troops deployed as Storm Dennis rips through Britain DW COM Deutsche Welle 16 February 2020 Retrieved 17 February 2020 Temporal de lluvia viento y mar en la Peninsula y Baleares PDF in Spanish AEMET 29 February 2020 Retrieved 29 February 2020 VigiMeteoFrance 1 March 2020 La TempeteLeon va circuler au cours de cette journee de dimanche sur le pays Sur les departements places en VigilanceOrange des rafales de 100 a 110 km h sont attendues durant quelques heures localement 120 km h sur les cotes Tweet via Twitter Norberto onze tempetes sur la France depuis debut fevrier www meteofrance fr in French 5 March 2020 Archived from the original on 8 March 2020 Retrieved 5 March 2020 Stormen Laura rammer torsdag vindstod af orkanstyrke in Danish Jyllands Posten 12 March 2020 Retrieved 12 March 2020 MetEireann 18 August 2020 Met Eireann has named StormEllen for potentially damaging amp disruptive winds Wed evening amp throughout Thur Risk also of some coastal amp inland flooding Status Orange Yellow wind warnings are in effect for Ireland amp will be updated Wednesday morning Tweet via Twitter Jantra FUB Thema des Tages Kirsten ein Herbststurm im Sommer www dwd de in German 26 August 2020 Retrieved 26 August 2020 Storm Odette 110 km h winds expected in Belgium on Friday The Brussels Times 24 September 2020 Retrieved 24 September 2020 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019 20 European windstorm season Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia storm list in Spanish Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera in English Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut in English Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut in Dutch Met Eireann Met Office UK Storm Centre Meteo France in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2019 20 European windstorm season amp oldid 1135219551, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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