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Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives

January 08, 2023

"Voiced dental lateral fricative" and "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative" redirect here. For voiceless consonant, see Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives.

The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ⟩ (sometimes referred to as lezh), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\.

Voiced alveolar lateral fricative
ɮ
IPA Number149
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɮ
Unicode (hex)U+026E
X-SAMPAK\
Braille

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative:

Occurrence

Dental or denti-alveolar

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Amis Kangko accent Interdental [ɮ̪͆]

Alveolar

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe къалэ  [qaːɮa] (help·info) 'town' Can also be pronounced as [l]
Bura[1] [example needed] Contrasts with [ɬ] and [ʎ̝̊].[1]
Kabardian блы  [bɮə] (help·info) 'seven' Can also be pronounced as [l]
Ket [example needed]
Mongolian монгол [mɔɴɢɔ̆ɮ] 'Mongol' Sometimes realized as [ɬ]
Sassarese caldhu  [ˈkaɮdu] (help·info) 'hot'
Tera[2] dlepti [ɮè̞pti] 'planting'
Zulu[3] ukudla [úɠù:ɮá] 'to eat' Contrasts with both [ɬ] and [l]; realised as [dɮ] after nasals

In addition, a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative  [ɮˤ] (help·info) is reconstructed to be the ancient Classical Arabic pronunciation of Ḍād; the letter is now pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop, as alveolar [dˤ] or denti-alveolar [d̪ˤ].

Related characters

There are several Unicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):

  • U+1079E 𐞞 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is a superscript IPA letter[4]
  • U+1079F 𐞟 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter[4]
  • U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)[4][5]

Notation

 
Former IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative

In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly to heng ⟨ꜧ⟩ was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, replacing ⟨ɮ⟩. It was suggested at the same time, however, that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author's discretion. It was this compromise version that was included in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts, until it was replaced again by ⟨ɮ⟩ at the 1989 Kiel Convention.[6] Despite the Association's prescription, ⟨ɮ⟩ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.[7][8][9][10][11]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Grønnum (2005), pp. 154–155.
  2. ^ Tench (2007), p. 228.
  3. ^ Poulos (1998), p. 548.
  4. ^ a b c Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF).
  5. ^ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).
  6. ^ Wells, John (3 November 2006). "The symbol ɮ". John Wells’s phonetic blog. Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  7. ^ Newman, Paul (1964). "A word list of Tera". Journal of West African Languages. 1 (2): 33–50.
  8. ^ Catford, J. C.; Ladefoged, Peter (1968). Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises. University of California, Los Angeles.
  9. ^ Brosnahan, L. F.; Malmberg, Bertil (1970). Introduction to Phonetics. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-521-21100-X.
  10. ^ Ladefoged, Peter (1971). Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics. University of Chicago Press. p. 54. ISBN 0-226-46787-2.
  11. ^ MacKay, Ian (1987). Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production (2nd ed.). Little, Brown and Company. p. 106. ISBN 0-316-54238-5.

References

  • Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Blackwell
  • Poulos, George; Msimang, Christian T. (1998), A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu (1st ed.), Via Afrika
  • Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952

External links

  • List of languages with [ɮ] on PHOIBLE

January 08, 2023
voiced, dental, alveolar, lateral, fricatives, voiced, dental, lateral, fricative, voiced, alveolar, lateral, fricative, redirect, here, voiceless, consonant, voiceless, dental, alveolar, lateral, fricatives, voiced, alveolar, lateral, fricative, type, consona. Voiced dental lateral fricative and Voiced alveolar lateral fricative redirect here For voiceless consonant see Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental alveolar and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ɮ sometimes referred to as lezh and the equivalent X SAMPA symbol is K Voiced alveolar lateral fricativeɮIPA Number149Audio sample source source track source helpEncodingEntity decimal amp 622 Unicode hex U 026EX SAMPAK BrailleImage Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 2 1 Dental or denti alveolar 2 2 Alveolar 3 Related characters 4 Notation 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksFeatures EditFeatures of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative Its manner of articulation is fricative which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation causing turbulence Its place of articulation is alveolar which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge termed respectively apical and laminal Its phonation is voiced which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation It is an oral consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only It is a lateral consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue rather than down the middle The airstream mechanism is pulmonic which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and diaphragm as in most sounds Occurrence EditDental or denti alveolar Edit Language Word IPA Meaning NotesAmis Kangko accent Interdental ɮ Alveolar Edit Language Word IPA Meaning NotesAdyghe kale qaːɮa help info town Can also be pronounced as l Bura 1 example needed Contrasts with ɬ and ʎ 1 Kabardian bly bɮe help info seven Can also be pronounced as l Ket example needed Mongolian mongol mɔɴɢɔ ɮ Mongol Sometimes realized as ɬ Sassarese caldhu ˈkaɮdu help info hot Tera 2 dlepti ɮe pti planting Zulu 3 ukudla uɠu ɮa to eat Contrasts with both ɬ and l realised as dɮ after nasalsIn addition a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative ɮˤ help info is reconstructed to be the ancient Classical Arabic pronunciation of Ḍad the letter is now pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop as alveolar dˤ or denti alveolar d ˤ Related characters EditThere are several Unicode characters based on lezh ɮ U 1079E MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is a superscript IPA letter 4 U 1079F MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter 4 U 1DF05 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for disordered speech extIPA 4 5 Notation Edit Former IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative In 1938 a symbol shaped similarly to heng ꜧ was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative replacing ɮ It was suggested at the same time however that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author s discretion It was this compromise version that was included in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts until it was replaced again by ɮ at the 1989 Kiel Convention 6 Despite the Association s prescription ɮ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s 7 8 9 10 11 See also EditIndex of phonetics articles Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative ḌadNotes Edit a b Gronnum 2005 pp 154 155 Tench 2007 p 228 Poulos 1998 p 548 sfnp error no target CITEREFPoulos1998 help a b c Miller Kirk Ball Martin 2020 07 11 L2 20 116R Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS PDF Anderson Deborah 2020 12 07 L2 21 021 Reference doc numbers for L2 20 266R Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters and IPA etc code point and name changes PDF Wells John 3 November 2006 The symbol ɮ John Wells s phonetic blog Department of Phonetics and Linguistics University College London Retrieved 1 February 2018 Newman Paul 1964 A word list of Tera Journal of West African Languages 1 2 33 50 Catford J C Ladefoged Peter 1968 Working Papers in Phonetics 11 Practical Phonetic Exercises University of California Los Angeles Brosnahan L F Malmberg Bertil 1970 Introduction to Phonetics Cambridge University Press p 105 ISBN 0 521 21100 X Ladefoged Peter 1971 Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics University of Chicago Press p 54 ISBN 0 226 46787 2 MacKay Ian 1987 Phonetics The Science of Speech Production 2nd ed Little Brown and Company p 106 ISBN 0 316 54238 5 References EditGronnum Nina 2005 Fonetik og fonologi Almen og Dansk 3rd ed Copenhagen Akademisk Forlag ISBN 87 500 3865 6 Ladefoged Peter 2005 Vowels and Consonants 2nd ed Blackwell Poulos George Msimang Christian T 1998 A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu 1st ed Via Afrika Tench Paul 2007 Tera Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 1 228 234 doi 10 1017 s0025100307002952External links EditList of languages with ɮ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives amp oldid 1128190717, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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