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Australian Open

The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The tournament is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events held each year, preceding the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. The Australian Open starts in the middle of January and continues for two weeks coinciding with the Australia Day holiday.[d] It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles; junior's championships; and wheelchair, legends, and exhibition events. Before 1988, it was played on grass courts, but since then two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used: green-coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007 and blue Plexicushion since 2008.[1]

Australian Open
Official website
Founded1905; 118 years ago (1905)
Editions111 (2023)
LocationMelbourne (since 1972)
Australia
VenueMelbourne Park (since 1988)
SurfaceHard – outdoors[a][b] (since 1988)
Grass – outdoors (1905–1987)
Prize moneyA$76,500,000 (2023)
Men's
Draw128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q)[c]
Current championsNovak Djokovic (singles)
Rinky Hijikata
Jason Kubler (doubles)
Most singles titlesNovak Djokovic (10)
Most doubles titlesAdrian Quist (10)
Women's
Draw128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q)
Current championsAryna Sabalenka (singles)
Barbora Krejčíková
Kateřina Siniaková (doubles)
Most singles titlesMargaret Court (11)
Most doubles titlesThelma Coyne Long (12)
Mixed doubles
Draw32
Current championsLuisa Stefani
Rafael Matos
Most titles (male)4
Harry Hopman
Colin Long
Most titles (female)4
Daphne Akhurst Cozens
Nell Hall Hopman
Nancye Wynne Bolton
Thelma Coyne Long
Grand Slam
Last completed
2023 Australian Open

First held in 1905 as the Australasian championships, the Australian Open has grown to become one of the biggest sporting events in the Southern Hemisphere.[2] Nicknamed "the happy slam",[3] the Australian Open is the highest attended Grand Slam event, with more than 902,000 people attending the 2023 tournament. It was also the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play during wet weather or extreme heat with its three primary courts, Rod Laver Arena, John Cain Arena and the refurbished Margaret Court Arena equipped with retractable roofs.

The Australian Open is a major contributor to the Victorian economy; the 2020 Australian Open injected $387.7 million into the state's economy, while over the preceding decade the Australian Open had contributed more than $2.71 billion in economic benefits to Victoria and generated 1775 jobs for the state, with these jobs being predominantly in the accommodation, hotels, cafés and trade services sectors.[4]

History

The Australian Open is managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), and was first played at the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne in November 1905. The facility is now known as the Albert Reserve Tennis Centre, and was a grass court.[5]

The tournament was first known as the Australasian Championships. It became the Australian Championships in 1927. Then, in 1969, it became the Australian Open.[6] Since 1905, it has been staged 110 times in five Australian cities: Melbourne (66 times), Sydney (17 times), Adelaide (15 times), Brisbane (7 times), Perth (3 times), and two New Zealander cities: Christchurch (1906) and Hastings (1912).[6]

Though started in 1905, the tournament was not designated as being a major championship until 1924, by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) at a 1923 meeting. The tournament committee changed the structure of the tournament to include seeding at that time.[7] In the period of 1916–1918, no tournament was organized due to World War I.[8]

During World War II, the tournament was not held in the period from 1941 to 1945.[9] In 1972, it was decided to stage the tournament in Melbourne each year because it attracted the biggest patronage of any Australian city.[5] The tournament was played at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club from 1972 until its move to the new Flinders Park complex in 1988.

The new facilities at Flinders Park were envisaged to meet the demands of a tournament that had outgrown Kooyong's capacity. The move to Flinders Park was an immediate success, with a 90 percent increase in attendance in 1988 (266,436) on the previous year at Kooyong (140,000).[10]

Because of Australia's geographic remoteness, very few foreign players entered this tournament in the early 20th century. In the 1920s, the trip by ship from Europe to Australia took about 45 days. The first tennis players who came by boats were the US Davis Cup players in November 1946.[10] Even inside Australia, many players could not travel easily. When the tournament was held in Perth, no one from Victoria or New South Wales crossed by train, a distance of about 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) between the East and West coasts. In Christchurch in 1906, of a small field of 10 players, only two Australians attended and the tournament was won by a New Zealander.[11]

 
Rod Laver Arena.

The first tournaments of the Australasian Championships suffered from the competition of the other Australasian tournaments. Before 1905, all Australian states, and New Zealand, had their own championships; the first being organised in 1880 in Melbourne and called the Championship of the Colony of Victoria (later the Championship of Victoria).[12] In those years, the best two players – Australian Norman Brookes (whose name is now written on the men's singles cup) and New Zealander Anthony Wilding – almost did not play this tournament.

Brookes took part once and won in 1911, and Wilding entered and won the competition twice (1906 and 1909). Their meetings in the Victorian Championships (or at Wimbledon) helped to determine the best Australasian players. Even when the Australasian Championships were held in Hastings, New Zealand, in 1912, Wilding, though three times Wimbledon champion, did not come back to his home country. It was a recurring problem for all players of the era. Brookes went to Europe only three times, where he reached the Wimbledon Challenge Round once and then won Wimbledon twice.

Thus, many players had never played the Austral(as)ian amateur or open championships: the Doherty brothers, William Larned, Maurice McLoughlin, Beals Wright, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, René Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Bobby Riggs, Jack Kramer, Ted Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Jaroslav Drobný, came just once. Even in the 1960s and 1970s, when travel was less difficult, leading players such as Manuel Santana, Jan Kodeš, Manuel Orantes, Ilie Năstase (who only came once, when 35 years old) and Björn Borg came rarely or not at all.

 
Margaret Court Arena at the Australian Open with the old Rebound Ace surface. Rod Laver Arena, the centre court, in the background.

Beginning in 1969, when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was open to all players, including professionals who were not allowed to play the traditional circuit.[13] Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed this championship until 1982, because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money. In 1970, George MacCall's National Tennis League, which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient. The tournament was won by Arthur Ashe.[14]

In 1983, Ivan Lendl, John McEnroe and Mats Wilander entered the tournament. Wilander won the singles title[15] and both his Davis Cup singles rubbers in the Swedish loss to Australia at Kooyong shortly after.[16] Following the 1983 Australian Open, the International Tennis Federation prompted the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia to change the site of the tournament, because the Kooyong stadium was then inappropriate to serve such a big event. In 1988 the tournament was first held at Flinders Park (later renamed Melbourne Park).[17] The change of the venue also led to a change of the court surface from grass to a hard court surface known as Rebound Ace.[18]

Mats Wilander was the only player to win the tournament on both grass and hard courts. In 2008, after being used for 20 years, the Rebound Ace was replaced by a cushioned, medium-paced,[19] acrylic surface known as Plexicushion Prestige. Roger Federer and Serena Williams are the only players to win the Australian Open on both Rebound Ace and Plexicushion Prestige. The main benefits of the new surface are better consistency and less retention of heat because of a thinner top layer.[18] This change was accompanied by changes in the surfaces of all lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. The change was controversial because of the new surface's similarity to DecoTurf, the surface used by the US Open.[20]

Before the Melbourne Park stadium era, tournament dates fluctuated as well, in particular in the early years because of the climate of each site or exceptional events. For example, the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 (the 1920 tournament was played in March) and the 1923 tournament in Brisbane took place in August when the weather was not too hot and wet. After a first 1977 tournament was held in December 1976 – January 1977, the organisers chose to move the next tournament forward a few days, then a second 1977 tournament was played (ended on 31 December), but this failed to attract the best players.

From 1982 to 1985, the tournament was played in mid-December. Then it was decided to move the next tournament to mid-January (January 1987), which meant no tournament was organized in 1986. Since 1987, the Australian Open date has not changed (except for 2021, when it was postponed by three weeks to February due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Some top players, including Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, have said in the past that the tournament is held too soon after the Christmas and New Year holidays, and expressed a desire to consider shifting the tournament to February.[21] Such a change, however, would move the tournament outside Australia's summer school holiday period, potentially impacting attendance figures.

New South Wales and overseas authorities proposed becoming the new hosts of the tournament in 2008, though such a move never materialised.[22][23] In any case, it was around this time the Melbourne Park precinct commenced upgrades which enhanced facilities for players and spectators.[24]

In 2015 activists opposed to the Australian policy of indefinite imprisonment for refugees who arrive by sea interrupted play during the men's final hoisting a banner reading "Australia Open For Refugees.[25]

Notably a retractable roof was placed over Margaret Court Arena, making the Open the first of the four Grand Slams to have retractable roofs available on three of their main courts.[26] The player and administrative facilities, as well as access points for spectators, were improved and the tournament site expanded its footprint out of Melbourne Park into nearby Birrarung Marr.[27] A fourth major show court, seating 5,000 people was completed in late 2021, along with the rest of decade-long redevelopment, which included the Centrepiece ballroom, function and media building, as well as other upgraded facilities for players, administrators and spectators.[28]

In December 2018, tournament organisers announced the Australian Open would follow the examples set by Wimbledon and the US Open and introduce tie-breaks in the final sets of men's and women's singles matches. Unlike Wimbledon and the US Open, which initiated conventional tie-breaks at 12–12 games and 6–6 games respectively, the Australian Open utilises a first to 10 points breaker at 6 games all.[29] In 2020, the tournament organisers decided to replace the official court manufacturer to GreenSet, though retained the iconic blue cushioned acrylic hardcourt.[30]

In 2021, in an effort to reduce the number of staff on-site due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all matches used electronic line judging. It marked the first-ever Grand Slam tournament to exclusively use electronic line judging; the 2020 US Open used it for matches outside of the two main stadium courts.[31][32] The Australian Open is also the first major sporting event to use NFTs and the metaverse. The court was split into 6,776 squares that each corresponded to a tennis ball NFT. These tennis ball NFTs would change based on where points were scored during the tournament, as determined by the electronic line judging. The project also built a real-life replica of the precinct in Decentraland where people could spectate and interact with each other in real time.[33][34] The Australian Open Artball NFTs generated over $5 million in revenue and won a Cannes Lions Award for Sports Entertainment.[35]

Courts

The Australian Open is played at Melbourne Park, which is located in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct; the event moved to this site in 1988. Currently three of the courts have retractable roofs, allowing play to continue during rain and extreme heat. As of 2017, spectators can also observe play at Show Courts 2 and 3, which have capacities of 3,000 each,[36] as well as at Courts 4–15, 19 and 20 with the aid of temporary seating grandstands of capacity anywhere from 50 to 2,500.[37]

Construction of a new 5,000 seat capacity stadium began in 2019 as part of a $271 million redevelopment of the precinct.[38] The new stadium, Kia Arena, was unveiled by Australian Open officials on 22 November 2021.[39][28]

Since 2008, all of the courts used during the Australian Open are hard courts with Plexicushion acrylic surfaces (though Melbourne Park does have eight practice clay courts these are not used for the tournament). This replaced the Rebound Ace surface used from the opening of Melbourne Park. The ITF rated the surface's speed as medium.[40]

Court 187 Opened Capacity Arena Roof Ref.
Rod Laver Arena   1988 14,820 Retractable [41]
John Cain Arena   2000 10,300 Retractable [42]
Margaret Court Arena
(Formerly Show Court 1)
  1988 7,500 Retractable [43]
Show Court Arena
(Kia Arena)
  2021 5,000 No [44]
Show Court 2
(1573 Arena)
  1988 3,000 No [45]
Show Court 3   1988 3,000 No [45]

Ranking points

Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the Australian Open through the years but presently players receive the following points:

Event W F SF QF R16 R32 R64 R128 Q Q3 Q2 Q1
Singles Men 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 45 10 25 16 3 0
Women 2000 1300 780 430 240 130 70 10 40 30 20 2
Doubles Men 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 0
Women 2000 1300 780 430 240 130 10

Prize money and trophies

The prize money awarded in the men's and women's singles tournaments is distributed equally. The total prize money for the 2023 tournament in Australian dollars is AUD $76,500,000.[46] The prize money distribution is as follows:[e]

AO 2023 W F SF QF 4R 3R 2R 1R Q3 Q2 Q1
Singles A$2,975,000 A$1,625,000 A$925,000 A$555,250 A$338,250 A$227,925 A$158,850 A$106,250 A$55,150 A$36,575 A$26,000
Doubles A$695,000 A$370,000 A$210,000 A$116,500 A$67,250 A$46,500 A$30,975
Mixed doubles A$157,750 A$89,450 A$47,500 A$25,250 A$12,650 A$6,600
Doubles prize money is per team.

Trophies

The names of the tournament winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy cups.

Champions

Former champions

Current champions

2023 Australian Open

Most recent finals

2023 Event Champion Runner-up Score
Men's singles   Novak Djokovic   Stefanos Tsitsipas 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–5)
Women's singles   Aryna Sabalenka   Elena Rybakina 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
Men's doubles   Rinky Hijikata
  Jason Kubler
  Hugo Nys
  Jan Zieliński
6–4, 7–6(7–4)
Women's doubles   Barbora Krejčíková
  Kateřina Siniaková
  Shuko Aoyama
  Ena Shibahara
6–4, 6–3
Mixed doubles   Luisa Stefani
  Rafael Matos
  Sania Mirza
  Rohan Bopanna
7–6(7–2), 6–2
Wheelchair men's singles   Alfie Hewett   Tokito Oda 6–3, 6–1
Wheelchair women's singles   Diede de Groot   Yui Kamiji 0–6, 6–2, 6–2
Quad singles   Sam Schröder   Niels Vink 6–2, 7–5
Wheelchair men's doubles   Alfie Hewett
  Gordon Reid
  Maikel Scheffers
  Ruben Spaargaren
6–1, 6–2
Wheelchair women's doubles   Diede de Groot
  Aniek van Koot
  Yui Kamiji
  Zhu Zhenzhen
6–3, 6–2
Quad doubles   Sam Schröder
  Niels Vink
  Donald Ramphadi
  Ymanitu Silva
6–1, 6–3

Records

 
Novak Djokovic, the all-time record holder in men's singles.
 
Margaret Court, the all-time record holder in women's singles.
  • Unlike the other three Grand Slam tournaments, which became open in 1968, the Australian tournament opened to professionals in 1969.[48]
Record[49] Era Player(s) Count Years
Men since 1905
Most singles titles Open Era   Novak Djokovic 10 2008, 2011–2013, 2015–2016, 2019–2021, 2023
Pre-Open Era   Roy Emerson 6 1961, 1963–1967
Most consecutive singles titles Open Era   Novak Djokovic 3 2011–2013, 2019–2021
Pre-Open Era   Roy Emerson 5 1963–1967
Most doubles titles Open Era   Bob Bryan
  Mike Bryan
6 2006–2007, 2009–2011, 2013
Pre-Open Era   Adrian Quist 10 1936–1940, 1946–1950
Most consecutive doubles titles Open Era   Bob Bryan
  Mike Bryan
3 2009–2011
Pre-Open Era   Adrian Quist 10 1936–1940, 1946–1950[50]
Most mixed doubles titles Open Era   Jim Pugh
  Leander Paes
  Daniel Nestor
3 1988–1990
2003, 2010, 2015
2007, 2011, 2014
Pre-Open Era   Harry Hopman
  Colin Long
4 1930, 1936–1937, 1939
1940, 1946–1948
Most Championships
(singles, doubles, mixed doubles)
Open Era   Novak Djokovic 10 2008–2023 (10 men's singles)
Pre-Open Era   Adrian Quist 13 1936–1950 (3 singles, 10 men's doubles, 0 mixed doubles)
Women since 1922
Most singles titles All-time   Margaret Court 11 1960–1966, 1969–1971, 1973
Open Era   Serena Williams 7 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2017
Pre-Open Era   Margaret Court 7 1960–1966
Most consecutive singles titles Open Era   Margaret Court
  Evonne Goolagong Cawley
  Steffi Graf
 /  Monica Seles
  Martina Hingis
3 1969–1971
1974–1976
1988–1990
1991–1993
1997–1999
Pre-Open Era   Margaret Court 7 1960–1966
Most doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Thelma Coyne Long 12 1936–1940, 1947–1949, 1951–1952, 1956, 1958
Open Era   Martina Navratilova 8 1980, 1982–1985, 1987–1989
Most consecutive doubles titles Open Era   Martina Navratilova
  Pam Shriver
7 1982–1985, 1987–1989
Pre-Open Era   Thelma Coyne Long
  Nancye Wynne Bolton
5 1936–1940
Most mixed doubles titles Open Era   Barbora Krejčíková 3 2019–2021
Pre-Open Era   Daphne Akhurst Cozens
  Nell Hall Hopman
  Nancye Wynne Bolton
  Thelma Coyne Long
4 1924–1925, 1928–1929
1930, 1936–1937, 1939
1940, 1946–1948
1951–1952, 1954–1955
Most Championships
(singles, doubles, mixed doubles)
All-time   Margaret Court 23 1960–1973 (11 singles, 8 women's doubles, 4 mixed doubles)
Open Era   Martina Navratilova 12 1980–2003 (3 singles, 8 women's doubles, 1 mixed doubles)
Pre-Open Era   Nancye Wynne Bolton 20 1936–1952 (6 singles, 10 women's doubles, 4 mixed doubles)
Wheelchair: singles since 2002, doubles since 2004, quads since 2008
Most singles titles Men   Shingo Kunieda 11 2007–2011, 2013–2015, 2018, 2020, 2022
Women   Esther Vergeer 9 2002–2004, 2006–2009, 2011–2012
Quads   Dylan Alcott 7 2015–2021
Most consecutive singles titles Men   Shingo Kunieda 5 2007–2011
Women   Esther Vergeer 4 2006–2009
Quads   Dylan Alcott 7 2015–2021
Most doubles titles Men   Shingo Kunieda 8 2007–2011, 2013–2015
Women   Esther Vergeer 7 2003–2004, 2006–2009, 2011–2012
Quads   David Wagner 9 2008–2010, 2013–2017, 2022
Most consecutive doubles titles Men   Shingo Kunieda 5 2007–2011
Women   Esther Vergeer 4 2006–2009
Quads   David Wagner 5 2013–2017
Miscellaneous
Unseeded champions Men   Mark Edmondson 1976
Women   Chris O'Neil
  Serena Williams
1978
2007
Youngest singles champion Men   Ken Rosewall 18 years and 2 months (1953)
Women   Martina Hingis 16 years and 4 months (1997)
Oldest singles champion Men   Ken Rosewall 37 years and 2 months (1972)
Women   Thelma Coyne Long 35 years and 8 months (1954)

Television coverage and attendance

 
Panorama of Rod Laver Arena during the 2020 Australian Open

From 1973 to 2018, the Seven Network served as the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. In March 2018, it was announced that the Nine Network had acquired the rights to the tournament beginning in 2020, for a period of five years. The network later bought the rights for the 2019 tournament as well.[51] The Open's broadcast rights are lucrative in the country, as it occurs near the end of the Summer non-ratings season — which gives its broadcaster opportunities to promote their upcoming programming lineup.[52][53]

In Europe the tournament is broadcast on Eurosport. Other broadcasters in the region have included the BBC in the United Kingdom, SRG in Switzerland, NOS in Netherlands and RTS in Serbia. In the United Kingdom, the BBC dropped its live coverage of the 2016 tournament just a month before the start due to budget cuts, leaving Eurosport as the exclusive live broadcaster.[54]

Elsewhere, beIN Sports broadcasts it into the Middle East and northern Africa, and SuperSport in sub-Sahara Africa. In the United States, the tournament is broadcast on ESPN2, ESPN3 and the Tennis Channel, with limited highlights airing on ABC.[55][56] The championship matches are televised live on ESPN. While it is broadcast on ESPN International in Central and Latin America. It is broadcast on TSN in Canada.

In the Asia–Pacific region, the tournament is broadcast on five television networks in China, including national broadcaster CCTV, provincial networks Beijing TV, Shanghai Dragon TV and Guangdong TV and English language Star Sports, as well as online on iQIYI Sports. Elsewhere in the region, it is broadcast in Japan by national broadcaster NHK, and pay-TV network Wowow. In the Indian subcontinent, Sony Six has broadcast since 2015 and, in the rest of Asia, it is broadcast on Fox Sports Asia until the network's shutdown in 2021 and the rights is acquired by beIN Sports from 2022 except for Vietnam which will be broadcast on K+.[57][58]

Attendance

The following record of attendance begins in 1987, when the tournament moved from being held in December to in January (the immediate preceding tournament was December 1985). 1987 was the last year that the Kooyong Tennis Club hosted the tournament; since 1988 it has been held at Melbourne Park. The average growth rate over the period covered below is more than 7%.

  1. ^ Crowds were restricted to around 50% of overall capacity throughout the tournament due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[60]
  2. ^ Crowds were permitted to attend only nine of the fourteen days of the tournament and were restricted to between 30% to 50% of overall capacity, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[61]

See also

Lists of champions
Other Grand Slam tournaments

Notes

  1. ^ Rebound Ace was used from 1988 to 2007, Plexicushion since 2008.
  2. ^ Except for Rod Laver Arena, Margaret Court Arena and John Cain Arena during rain delays.
  3. ^ In the main draws, there are 128 singles players (S) and 64 doubles teams (D), and there are 128 and 16 entrants in the respective qualifying (Q) draws.
  4. ^ Notable exceptions include the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 due to the effects in the aftermath of World War I, the 1920 tournament was held a few weeks later in March, the 1923 tournament was held entirely in August due to the weather conditions, 1977 tournaments were held twice in January and November as the aforementioned 1977 to 1985 tournaments were held in late November to early December as the last Grand Slam of the year, and the 2021 tournament was held entirely in February due to strict quarantine regulations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
  5. ^ In 2021 the winner's prize money approximates to GBP £2,451,814; EUR €2,780,938; USD $3,149,322.
  6. ^ Last Australian Men's Singles champion: Mark Edmondson (1976).
  7. ^ Last Australian Women's Singles champion: Ashleigh Barty (2022).

References

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External links

  • Official website
  • Tennis Australia website
  • Australian Open – All winners and runners-up. Reference book
Preceded by Grand Slam Tournament
January
Succeeded by

Coordinates: 37°49′18″S 144°58′42″E / 37.82167°S 144.97833°E / -37.82167; 144.97833

australian, open, this, article, about, tennis, tournament, other, uses, disambiguation, australian, championships, australasian, championships, redirect, here, track, field, event, australian, athletics, championships, australasian, athletics, championships, . This article is about the tennis tournament For other uses see Australian Open disambiguation Australian Championships and Australasian Championships redirect here For the track and field event see Australian Athletics Championships and Australasian Athletics Championships AO Tennis redirects here For the video game see AO Tennis video game Aussie Open redirects here For Australian professional wrestling tag team see Aussie Open professional wrestling The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually at Melbourne Park in Melbourne Victoria Australia The tournament is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events held each year preceding the French Open Wimbledon and the US Open The Australian Open starts in the middle of January and continues for two weeks coinciding with the Australia Day holiday d It features men s and women s singles men s women s and mixed doubles junior s championships and wheelchair legends and exhibition events Before 1988 it was played on grass courts but since then two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used green coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007 and blue Plexicushion since 2008 1 Australian OpenOfficial websiteFounded1905 118 years ago 1905 Editions111 2023 LocationMelbourne since 1972 AustraliaVenueMelbourne Park since 1988 SurfaceHard outdoors a b since 1988 Grass outdoors 1905 1987 Prize moneyA 76 500 000 2023 Men sDraw128S 128Q 64D 16Q c Current championsNovak Djokovic singles Rinky Hijikata Jason Kubler doubles Most singles titlesNovak Djokovic 10 Most doubles titlesAdrian Quist 10 Women sDraw128S 128Q 64D 16Q Current championsAryna Sabalenka singles Barbora Krejcikova Katerina Siniakova doubles Most singles titlesMargaret Court 11 Most doubles titlesThelma Coyne Long 12 Mixed doublesDraw32Current championsLuisa StefaniRafael MatosMost titles male 4 Harry Hopman Colin LongMost titles female 4 Daphne Akhurst Cozens Nell Hall Hopman Nancye Wynne Bolton Thelma Coyne LongGrand SlamAustralian Open French Open Wimbledon US OpenLast completed2023 Australian OpenFirst held in 1905 as the Australasian championships the Australian Open has grown to become one of the biggest sporting events in the Southern Hemisphere 2 Nicknamed the happy slam 3 the Australian Open is the highest attended Grand Slam event with more than 902 000 people attending the 2023 tournament It was also the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play during wet weather or extreme heat with its three primary courts Rod Laver Arena John Cain Arena and the refurbished Margaret Court Arena equipped with retractable roofs The Australian Open is a major contributor to the Victorian economy the 2020 Australian Open injected 387 7 million into the state s economy while over the preceding decade the Australian Open had contributed more than 2 71 billion in economic benefits to Victoria and generated 1775 jobs for the state with these jobs being predominantly in the accommodation hotels cafes and trade services sectors 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 Courts 2 Ranking points 3 Prize money and trophies 3 1 Trophies 4 Champions 4 1 Former champions 4 2 Current champions 4 3 Most recent finals 5 Records 6 Television coverage and attendance 6 1 Attendance 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksHistory EditThe Australian Open is managed by Tennis Australia formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia LTAA and was first played at the Warehouseman s Cricket Ground in Melbourne in November 1905 The facility is now known as the Albert Reserve Tennis Centre and was a grass court 5 The tournament was first known as the Australasian Championships It became the Australian Championships in 1927 Then in 1969 it became the Australian Open 6 Since 1905 it has been staged 110 times in five Australian cities Melbourne 66 times Sydney 17 times Adelaide 15 times Brisbane 7 times Perth 3 times and two New Zealander cities Christchurch 1906 and Hastings 1912 6 Though started in 1905 the tournament was not designated as being a major championship until 1924 by the International Lawn Tennis Federation ILTF at a 1923 meeting The tournament committee changed the structure of the tournament to include seeding at that time 7 In the period of 1916 1918 no tournament was organized due to World War I 8 During World War II the tournament was not held in the period from 1941 to 1945 9 In 1972 it was decided to stage the tournament in Melbourne each year because it attracted the biggest patronage of any Australian city 5 The tournament was played at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club from 1972 until its move to the new Flinders Park complex in 1988 The new facilities at Flinders Park were envisaged to meet the demands of a tournament that had outgrown Kooyong s capacity The move to Flinders Park was an immediate success with a 90 percent increase in attendance in 1988 266 436 on the previous year at Kooyong 140 000 10 Because of Australia s geographic remoteness very few foreign players entered this tournament in the early 20th century In the 1920s the trip by ship from Europe to Australia took about 45 days The first tennis players who came by boats were the US Davis Cup players in November 1946 10 Even inside Australia many players could not travel easily When the tournament was held in Perth no one from Victoria or New South Wales crossed by train a distance of about 3 000 kilometres 1 900 mi between the East and West coasts In Christchurch in 1906 of a small field of 10 players only two Australians attended and the tournament was won by a New Zealander 11 Rod Laver Arena The first tournaments of the Australasian Championships suffered from the competition of the other Australasian tournaments Before 1905 all Australian states and New Zealand had their own championships the first being organised in 1880 in Melbourne and called the Championship of the Colony of Victoria later the Championship of Victoria 12 In those years the best two players Australian Norman Brookes whose name is now written on the men s singles cup and New Zealander Anthony Wilding almost did not play this tournament Brookes took part once and won in 1911 and Wilding entered and won the competition twice 1906 and 1909 Their meetings in the Victorian Championships or at Wimbledon helped to determine the best Australasian players Even when the Australasian Championships were held in Hastings New Zealand in 1912 Wilding though three times Wimbledon champion did not come back to his home country It was a recurring problem for all players of the era Brookes went to Europe only three times where he reached the Wimbledon Challenge Round once and then won Wimbledon twice Thus many players had never played the Austral as ian amateur or open championships the Doherty brothers William Larned Maurice McLoughlin Beals Wright Bill Johnston Bill Tilden Rene Lacoste Henri Cochet Bobby Riggs Jack Kramer Ted Schroeder Pancho Gonzales Budge Patty and others while Brookes Ellsworth Vines Jaroslav Drobny came just once Even in the 1960s and 1970s when travel was less difficult leading players such as Manuel Santana Jan Kodes Manuel Orantes Ilie Năstase who only came once when 35 years old and Bjorn Borg came rarely or not at all Margaret Court Arena at the Australian Open with the old Rebound Ace surface Rod Laver Arena the centre court in the background Beginning in 1969 when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane the tournament was open to all players including professionals who were not allowed to play the traditional circuit 13 Nevertheless except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments many of the best players missed this championship until 1982 because of the remoteness the inconvenient dates around Christmas and New Year s Day and the low prize money In 1970 George MacCall s National Tennis League which employed Rod Laver Ken Rosewall Andres Gimeno Pancho Gonzales Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient The tournament was won by Arthur Ashe 14 In 1983 Ivan Lendl John McEnroe and Mats Wilander entered the tournament Wilander won the singles title 15 and both his Davis Cup singles rubbers in the Swedish loss to Australia at Kooyong shortly after 16 Following the 1983 Australian Open the International Tennis Federation prompted the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia to change the site of the tournament because the Kooyong stadium was then inappropriate to serve such a big event In 1988 the tournament was first held at Flinders Park later renamed Melbourne Park 17 The change of the venue also led to a change of the court surface from grass to a hard court surface known as Rebound Ace 18 Mats Wilander was the only player to win the tournament on both grass and hard courts In 2008 after being used for 20 years the Rebound Ace was replaced by a cushioned medium paced 19 acrylic surface known as Plexicushion Prestige Roger Federer and Serena Williams are the only players to win the Australian Open on both Rebound Ace and Plexicushion Prestige The main benefits of the new surface are better consistency and less retention of heat because of a thinner top layer 18 This change was accompanied by changes in the surfaces of all lead up tournaments to the Australian Open The change was controversial because of the new surface s similarity to DecoTurf the surface used by the US Open 20 Before the Melbourne Park stadium era tournament dates fluctuated as well in particular in the early years because of the climate of each site or exceptional events For example the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 the 1920 tournament was played in March and the 1923 tournament in Brisbane took place in August when the weather was not too hot and wet After a first 1977 tournament was held in December 1976 January 1977 the organisers chose to move the next tournament forward a few days then a second 1977 tournament was played ended on 31 December but this failed to attract the best players From 1982 to 1985 the tournament was played in mid December Then it was decided to move the next tournament to mid January January 1987 which meant no tournament was organized in 1986 Since 1987 the Australian Open date has not changed except for 2021 when it was postponed by three weeks to February due to the COVID 19 pandemic Some top players including Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal have said in the past that the tournament is held too soon after the Christmas and New Year holidays and expressed a desire to consider shifting the tournament to February 21 Such a change however would move the tournament outside Australia s summer school holiday period potentially impacting attendance figures See also Melbourne Park Redevelopments New South Wales and overseas authorities proposed becoming the new hosts of the tournament in 2008 though such a move never materialised 22 23 In any case it was around this time the Melbourne Park precinct commenced upgrades which enhanced facilities for players and spectators 24 In 2015 activists opposed to the Australian policy of indefinite imprisonment for refugees who arrive by sea interrupted play during the men s final hoisting a banner reading Australia Open For Refugees 25 Notably a retractable roof was placed over Margaret Court Arena making the Open the first of the four Grand Slams to have retractable roofs available on three of their main courts 26 The player and administrative facilities as well as access points for spectators were improved and the tournament site expanded its footprint out of Melbourne Park into nearby Birrarung Marr 27 A fourth major show court seating 5 000 people was completed in late 2021 along with the rest of decade long redevelopment which included the Centrepiece ballroom function and media building as well as other upgraded facilities for players administrators and spectators 28 In December 2018 tournament organisers announced the Australian Open would follow the examples set by Wimbledon and the US Open and introduce tie breaks in the final sets of men s and women s singles matches Unlike Wimbledon and the US Open which initiated conventional tie breaks at 12 12 games and 6 6 games respectively the Australian Open utilises a first to 10 points breaker at 6 games all 29 In 2020 the tournament organisers decided to replace the official court manufacturer to GreenSet though retained the iconic blue cushioned acrylic hardcourt 30 In 2021 in an effort to reduce the number of staff on site due to the COVID 19 pandemic all matches used electronic line judging It marked the first ever Grand Slam tournament to exclusively use electronic line judging the 2020 US Open used it for matches outside of the two main stadium courts 31 32 The Australian Open is also the first major sporting event to use NFTs and the metaverse The court was split into 6 776 squares that each corresponded to a tennis ball NFT These tennis ball NFTs would change based on where points were scored during the tournament as determined by the electronic line judging The project also built a real life replica of the precinct in Decentraland where people could spectate and interact with each other in real time 33 34 The Australian Open Artball NFTs generated over 5 million in revenue and won a Cannes Lions Award for Sports Entertainment 35 Courts Edit The Australian Open is played at Melbourne Park which is located in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct the event moved to this site in 1988 Currently three of the courts have retractable roofs allowing play to continue during rain and extreme heat As of 2017 spectators can also observe play at Show Courts 2 and 3 which have capacities of 3 000 each 36 as well as at Courts 4 15 19 and 20 with the aid of temporary seating grandstands of capacity anywhere from 50 to 2 500 37 Construction of a new 5 000 seat capacity stadium began in 2019 as part of a 271 million redevelopment of the precinct 38 The new stadium Kia Arena was unveiled by Australian Open officials on 22 November 2021 39 28 Since 2008 all of the courts used during the Australian Open are hard courts with Plexicushion acrylic surfaces though Melbourne Park does have eight practice clay courts these are not used for the tournament This replaced the Rebound Ace surface used from the opening of Melbourne Park The ITF rated the surface s speed as medium 40 Court 187 Opened Capacity Arena Roof Ref Rod Laver Arena 1988 14 820 Retractable 41 John Cain Arena 2000 10 300 Retractable 42 Margaret Court Arena Formerly Show Court 1 1988 7 500 Retractable 43 Show Court Arena Kia Arena 2021 5 000 No 44 Show Court 2 1573 Arena 1988 3 000 No 45 Show Court 3 1988 3 000 No 45 Ranking points EditRanking points for the men ATP and women WTA have varied at the Australian Open through the years but presently players receive the following points Event W F SF QF R16 R32 R64 R128 Q Q3 Q2 Q1Singles Men 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 45 10 25 16 3 0Women 2000 1300 780 430 240 130 70 10 40 30 20 2Doubles Men 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 0 Women 2000 1300 780 430 240 130 10 Prize money and trophies EditThe prize money awarded in the men s and women s singles tournaments is distributed equally The total prize money for the 2023 tournament in Australian dollars is AUD 76 500 000 46 The prize money distribution is as follows e AO 2023 W F SF QF 4R 3R 2R 1R Q3 Q2 Q1Singles A 2 975 000 A 1 625 000 A 925 000 A 555 250 A 338 250 A 227 925 A 158 850 A 106 250 A 55 150 A 36 575 A 26 000Doubles A 695 000 A 370 000 A 210 000 A 116 500 A 67 250 A 46 500 A 30 975 Mixed doubles A 157 750 A 89 450 A 47 500 A 25 250 A 12 650 A 6 600 Doubles prize money is per team Trophies Edit The names of the tournament winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy cups The women s singles winner is presented with the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup 47 The men s singles winner is presented with the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup Champions EditFormer champions Edit Men s singles winners of the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup f Women s singles winners of the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup g Men s doubles Women s doubles Mixed doubles All championsCurrent champions Edit 2023 Australian Open Novak Djokovic 2023 men s singles champion It was his twenty second major title and his tenth at the Australian Open Aryna Sabalenka 2023 women s singles champion It was her first major title Rinky Hijikata was part of the 2023 winning men s doubles team Jason Kubler was part of the 2023 winning men s doubles team Barbora Krejcikova was part of the 2023 winning women s doubles team It was her seventh major title and second at the Australian Open Katerina Siniakova was part of the 2023 winning women s doubles team It was her seventh major title and second at the Australian Open Luisa Stefani was part of the 2023 winning mixed doubles team Rafael Matos was part of the 2023 winning mixed doubles team Most recent finals Edit 2023 Event Champion Runner up ScoreMen s singles Novak Djokovic Stefanos Tsitsipas 6 3 7 6 7 4 7 6 7 5 Women s singles Aryna Sabalenka Elena Rybakina 4 6 6 3 6 4Men s doubles Rinky Hijikata Jason Kubler Hugo Nys Jan Zielinski 6 4 7 6 7 4 Women s doubles Barbora Krejcikova Katerina Siniakova Shuko Aoyama Ena Shibahara 6 4 6 3Mixed doubles Luisa Stefani Rafael Matos Sania Mirza Rohan Bopanna 7 6 7 2 6 2Wheelchair men s singles Alfie Hewett Tokito Oda 6 3 6 1Wheelchair women s singles Diede de Groot Yui Kamiji 0 6 6 2 6 2Quad singles Sam Schroder Niels Vink 6 2 7 5Wheelchair men s doubles Alfie Hewett Gordon Reid Maikel Scheffers Ruben Spaargaren 6 1 6 2Wheelchair women s doubles Diede de Groot Aniek van Koot Yui Kamiji Zhu Zhenzhen 6 3 6 2Quad doubles Sam Schroder Niels Vink Donald Ramphadi Ymanitu Silva 6 1 6 3Records Edit Novak Djokovic the all time record holder in men s singles Margaret Court the all time record holder in women s singles Unlike the other three Grand Slam tournaments which became open in 1968 the Australian tournament opened to professionals in 1969 48 Record 49 Era Player s Count YearsMen since 1905Most singles titles Open Era Novak Djokovic 10 2008 2011 2013 2015 2016 2019 2021 2023Pre Open Era Roy Emerson 6 1961 1963 1967Most consecutive singles titles Open Era Novak Djokovic 3 2011 2013 2019 2021Pre Open Era Roy Emerson 5 1963 1967Most doubles titles Open Era Bob Bryan Mike Bryan 6 2006 2007 2009 2011 2013Pre Open Era Adrian Quist 10 1936 1940 1946 1950Most consecutive doubles titles Open Era Bob Bryan Mike Bryan 3 2009 2011Pre Open Era Adrian Quist 10 1936 1940 1946 1950 50 Most mixed doubles titles Open Era Jim Pugh Leander Paes Daniel Nestor 3 1988 19902003 2010 20152007 2011 2014Pre Open Era Harry Hopman Colin Long 4 1930 1936 1937 19391940 1946 1948Most Championships singles doubles mixed doubles Open Era Novak Djokovic 10 2008 2023 10 men s singles Pre Open Era Adrian Quist 13 1936 1950 3 singles 10 men s doubles 0 mixed doubles Women since 1922Most singles titles All time Margaret Court 11 1960 1966 1969 1971 1973Open Era Serena Williams 7 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 2015 2017Pre Open Era Margaret Court 7 1960 1966Most consecutive singles titles Open Era Margaret Court Evonne Goolagong Cawley Steffi Graf Monica Seles Martina Hingis 3 1969 1971 1974 1976 1988 1990 1991 1993 1997 1999Pre Open Era Margaret Court 7 1960 1966Most doubles titles Pre Open Era Thelma Coyne Long 12 1936 1940 1947 1949 1951 1952 1956 1958Open Era Martina Navratilova 8 1980 1982 1985 1987 1989Most consecutive doubles titles Open Era Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver 7 1982 1985 1987 1989Pre Open Era Thelma Coyne Long Nancye Wynne Bolton 5 1936 1940Most mixed doubles titles Open Era Barbora Krejcikova 3 2019 2021Pre Open Era Daphne Akhurst Cozens Nell Hall Hopman Nancye Wynne Bolton Thelma Coyne Long 4 1924 1925 1928 19291930 1936 1937 19391940 1946 1948 1951 1952 1954 1955Most Championships singles doubles mixed doubles All time Margaret Court 23 1960 1973 11 singles 8 women s doubles 4 mixed doubles Open Era Martina Navratilova 12 1980 2003 3 singles 8 women s doubles 1 mixed doubles Pre Open Era Nancye Wynne Bolton 20 1936 1952 6 singles 10 women s doubles 4 mixed doubles Wheelchair singles since 2002 doubles since 2004 quads since 2008Most singles titles Men Shingo Kunieda 11 2007 2011 2013 2015 2018 2020 2022Women Esther Vergeer 9 2002 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012Quads Dylan Alcott 7 2015 2021Most consecutive singles titles Men Shingo Kunieda 5 2007 2011Women Esther Vergeer 4 2006 2009Quads Dylan Alcott 7 2015 2021Most doubles titles Men Shingo Kunieda 8 2007 2011 2013 2015Women Esther Vergeer 7 2003 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012Quads David Wagner 9 2008 2010 2013 2017 2022Most consecutive doubles titles Men Shingo Kunieda 5 2007 2011Women Esther Vergeer 4 2006 2009Quads David Wagner 5 2013 2017MiscellaneousUnseeded champions Men Mark Edmondson 1976Women Chris O Neil Serena Williams 19782007Youngest singles champion Men Ken Rosewall 18 years and 2 months 1953 Women Martina Hingis 16 years and 4 months 1997 Oldest singles champion Men Ken Rosewall 37 years and 2 months 1972 Women Thelma Coyne Long 35 years and 8 months 1954 Television coverage and attendance EditMain article List of Australian Open broadcasters Panorama of Rod Laver Arena during the 2020 Australian Open From 1973 to 2018 the Seven Network served as the host broadcaster of the Australian Open In March 2018 it was announced that the Nine Network had acquired the rights to the tournament beginning in 2020 for a period of five years The network later bought the rights for the 2019 tournament as well 51 The Open s broadcast rights are lucrative in the country as it occurs near the end of the Summer non ratings season which gives its broadcaster opportunities to promote their upcoming programming lineup 52 53 In Europe the tournament is broadcast on Eurosport Other broadcasters in the region have included the BBC in the United Kingdom SRG in Switzerland NOS in Netherlands and RTS in Serbia In the United Kingdom the BBC dropped its live coverage of the 2016 tournament just a month before the start due to budget cuts leaving Eurosport as the exclusive live broadcaster 54 Elsewhere beIN Sports broadcasts it into the Middle East and northern Africa and SuperSport in sub Sahara Africa In the United States the tournament is broadcast on ESPN2 ESPN3 and the Tennis Channel with limited highlights airing on ABC 55 56 The championship matches are televised live on ESPN While it is broadcast on ESPN International in Central and Latin America It is broadcast on TSN in Canada In the Asia Pacific region the tournament is broadcast on five television networks in China including national broadcaster CCTV provincial networks Beijing TV Shanghai Dragon TV and Guangdong TV and English language Star Sports as well as online on iQIYI Sports Elsewhere in the region it is broadcast in Japan by national broadcaster NHK and pay TV network Wowow In the Indian subcontinent Sony Six has broadcast since 2015 and in the rest of Asia it is broadcast on Fox Sports Asia until the network s shutdown in 2021 and the rights is acquired by beIN Sports from 2022 except for Vietnam which will be broadcast on K 57 58 Attendance Edit The following record of attendance begins in 1987 when the tournament moved from being held in December to in January the immediate preceding tournament was December 1985 1987 was the last year that the Kooyong Tennis Club hosted the tournament since 1988 it has been held at Melbourne Park The average growth rate over the period covered below is more than 7 2023 902 312 59 2022 346 468 i 2021 130 374 ii 2020 812 174 62 2019 796 435 63 2018 743 667 64 2017 728 763 65 2016 720 363 66 2015 703 899 67 2014 643 280 68 2013 684 457 69 2012 686 006 70 2011 651 127 71 2010 653 860 72 2009 603 160 73 2008 605 735 74 2007 554 858 75 2006 550 550 76 2005 543 873 77 2004 521 691 76 2003 512 225 78 2002 518 248 79 2001 543 834 80 2000 501 251 81 1999 473 296 82 1998 434 807 82 1997 391 504 83 1996 389 598 84 1995 311 678 85 1994 332 926 86 1993 322 074 87 1992 329 034 88 1991 305 048 89 1990 312 000 90 1989 289 023 91 1988 244 859 92 1987 140 089 93 Crowds were restricted to around 50 of overall capacity throughout the tournament due to the COVID 19 pandemic 60 Crowds were permitted to attend only nine of the fourteen days of the tournament and were restricted to between 30 to 50 of overall capacity due to the COVID 19 pandemic 61 See also Edit Tennis portal Australia portalAustralian Open extreme heat policy Australian Open seriesLists of championsList of Australian Open champions all events List of Australian Open men s singles champions List of Australian Open women s singles champions List of Australian Open men s doubles champions List of Australian Open women s doubles champions List of Australian Open mixed doubles champions List of Australian Open singles finalists during the Open Era records and statistics List of Australian Open broadcastersOther Grand Slam tournamentsFrench Open The Championships Wimbledon US OpenNotes Edit Rebound Ace was used from 1988 to 2007 Plexicushion since 2008 Except for Rod Laver Arena Margaret Court Arena and John Cain Arena during rain delays In the main draws there are 128 singles players S and 64 doubles teams D and there are 128 and 16 entrants in the respective qualifying Q draws Notable exceptions include the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 due to the effects in the aftermath of World War I the 1920 tournament was held a few weeks later in March the 1923 tournament was held entirely in August due to the weather conditions 1977 tournaments were held twice in January and November as the aforementioned 1977 to 1985 tournaments were held in late November to early December as the last Grand Slam of the year and the 2021 tournament was held entirely in February due to strict quarantine regulations amid the COVID 19 pandemic In 2021 the winner s prize money approximates to GBP 2 451 814 EUR 2 780 938 USD 3 149 322 Last Australian Men s Singles champion Mark Edmondson 1976 Last Australian Women s Singles champion Ashleigh Barty 2022 References Edit Paxinos Stathi 20 November 2007 Australian Open court surface is speeding up The Age Melbourne Melbourne Park ready for 2019 Australian Open Australasian Leisure Management 17 January 2019 The Australian Open 2019 is the largest annual sporting event in the Southern Hemisphere and the biggest sporting event in the world in January Williams Jacqueline 26 January 2018 By Looking to Asia the Australian Open Found Itself The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 15 January 2019 AO 2020 delivers record benefits to Victoria Australian Open Tennis Australia Retrieved 22 June 2022 a b Australian Tennis Open History Jazzsports Archived from the original on 30 January 2008 Retrieved 22 January 2008 a b Tristan Foenander History of the Australian Open the Grand Slam of Asia Pacific Australian Open Archived from the original on 20 January 2008 Retrieved 22 January 2008 Unknown 9 November 1923 Australasian Championships The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 19 July 2010 Tennis Championships The Argus Melbourne 29 January 1920 p 7 via National Library of Australia Kerri 27 January 2015 Before it was the Australian Open it was the State Library Victoria Retrieved 3 December 2020 a b Frank Cook 14 February 2008 Open began as Aussie closed shop The Daily Telegraph news com au Archived from the original on 1 February 2008 Retrieved 22 January 2008 Anthony Frederick Wilding Tony International Tennis Hall of Fame Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 Retrieved 1 February 2008 History of Tennis From humble beginnings Tennis Australia Archived from the original on 31 January 2008 Retrieved 25 January 2008 Milton Tennis Centre Australian Stadiums Archived from the original on 17 January 2008 Retrieved 25 January 2008 Nikki Tugwell 14 January 2008 Hewitt chases amazing slam win The Daily Telegraph news com au Archived from the original on 1 February 2008 Retrieved 25 January 2008 Alan Trengove Australian Open 1983 wilandertribute com Retrieved 19 February 2008 World Group 1983 Final Davis Cup Archived from the original on 30 June 2013 Retrieved 19 February 2008 Rebound Ace under review The Daily Telegraph news com au 29 January 2007 Retrieved 19 February 2008 a b Christopher Clarey 13 January 2008 On the surface Australian Open gets a new bounce The New York Times List of Classified Court Surfaces itftennis com Tennis court surfacer serves up two major deals Boston Business Journal 28 January 2008 Schlink Leo 17 January 2009 Rafael Nadal keen to call time on early slam Herald Sun Australia Retrieved 18 September 2009 Sydney plans Australian Open bid news bbc co uk BBC 11 October 2008 Cameron Houston Jason Dowling 11 October 2008 NSW in negotiations to transfer Open from Melbourne The Sydney Morning Herald Melbourne Park Masterplan Melbourne and Olympic Parks Trust McIntyre Iain 23 March 2022 Australian Actions at the Point of Assumption The Commons Social Change Library Retrieved 10 November 2022 Australian Open could be played entirely indoors as Margaret Court Arena gets retractable roof ABC News 4 January 2015 The big changes coming to Rod Laver Arena this Australian Open The New Daily 12 January 2019 a b 10 year redevelopment of Melbourne Park complete Austadiums 7 December 2021 Australian Open Will Begin Using Final Set Tiebreaker The New York Times 21 December 2018 GREENSET WORLDWIDE NEW OFFICIAL COURT SURFACE SUPPLIER Tennis Australia 26 July 2019 There are just no mistakes happening Hawk Eye Live gains more support at Australian Open ESPN 13 February 2021 Retrieved 1 March 2021 Clarey Christopher 3 August 2020 Automated Line Calls Will Replace Human Judges at U S Open The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2 June 2021 AO launches into Metaverse serves up world first NFT art collection linked to live match data ausopen com Retrieved 11 September 2022 NFT Tech s Run It Wild and AO Metaverse win Cannes Lions award for Sports Entertainment NFT Tech Insights www nfttech com Retrieved 11 September 2022 2022 Winners Entertainment Lions for Sport PDF Cannes Lions Event Guide Australian Open Tennis Championships 2014 Official Site by IBM Retrieved 25 December 2014 Accessibility Map PDF Tennis com Archived from the original PDF on 10 January 2017 Retrieved 16 January 2017 Melbourne gets new 5000 seat tennis arena SBS News 23 April 2017 Full crowds return for 2022 Australian Open as tickets go on sale Austadiums 22 November 2021 About Court Pace Classification ITF Retrieved 16 January 2017 Rod Laver Arena Australian Stadiums Retrieved 16 January 2017 John Cain Arena Australian Stadiums Retrieved 16 January 2017 Margaret Court Arena Australian Stadiums Retrieved 16 January 2017 Show Court Arena Melbourne and Olympic Parks Retrieved 23 August 2020 a b Courts Australian Open Retrieved 22 January 2019 Jonathan Australian Open Prize Money 2023 Confirmed peRFect Tennis www perfect tennis com Retrieved 6 January 2023 The Making Of The Norman Brookes Challenge Cup Australian Open TV Archived from the original on 30 October 2021 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Australian History and Records TennisTours com Archived from the original on 21 December 2008 Retrieved 17 January 2009 Australian Open History and Structure of an Iconic Tournament ausopen club in Russian 13 October 2016 Archived from the original on 18 February 2022 From 1941 to 1945 no Australian Championships were held because of World War II Nine secures rights to the 2019 Australian Open tennis from Seven The Sydney Morning Herald 24 June 2018 Nine secures Australian Open from 2020 TV Tonight 29 March 2018 Retrieved 29 March 2018 How do Australian TV networks get away with non ratings period News com au Retrieved 29 March 2018 Eurosport wins Olympic TV rights for Europe BBC News 29 June 2015 Retrieved 24 June 2022 ABC Live Same Day Tape Event Schedule ESPN Archived from the original on 7 January 2023 Retrieved 5 February 2023 2013 Australian Open TV Schedule on ESPN sportsmediawatch com 5 January 2013 Fox Sports Asia lands Australian Open rights until 2021 10 January 2018 Retrieved 11 September 2018 Broadcast Partners AO ausopen com Retrieved 12 January 2022 Australian Open smashes records as grandest of slams The Age 31 January 2023 Retrieved 31 January 2023 United by Play AO 2022 by the numbers Tennis Australia Australian Open 21 February 2022 Retrieved 21 February 2022 Total Australian Open Attendance 130 374 AusOpen Austadiums Twitter 21 February 2021 Retrieved 21 February 2021 Djokovic Wins Eighth Australian Open Crown Returns To No 1 ATP Tour 2 February 2020 Retrieved 3 February 2020 The big numbers from AO2019 Australian Open 6 February 2019 Archived from the original on 26 April 2019 Australian Open smashes attendance records The Age 28 January 2019 Exact figure has not yet been provided Australian Open Glance USA Today 30 January 2017 Australian Open 2016 By the numbers Australian 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original on 18 January 2008 Retrieved 25 January 2008 a b Australian Open Tennis Attendance History Archived 16 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Altius Directory Safin credits Lundgren for resurgence Sports Illustrated CNN 30 January 2005 Archived from the original on 18 January 2008 Retrieved 25 January 2008 Tennis Australia Annual Report 2002 2003 PDF Clearinghouse for Sport Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 4 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia Annual Report 2001 2002 PDF Clearinghouse for Sport Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 26 March 2017 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia Annual Report 2000 2001 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia Annual Report 1999 2000 PDF Clearinghouse for Sport Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 a b Tennis Australia Annual Report 1998 1999 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia Annual Report 1997 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia 1996 Annual Report PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia 1995 Annual Report PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia 1994 Annual Report PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia 1993 Annual Report PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia 1992 Annual Report PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia 1991 Annual Report PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Tennis Australia Annual Report 1990 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Tennis Australia Archived from the original PDF on 26 March 2017 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Lawn Tennis Association of Australia Annual Report 1989 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Lawn Tennis Association Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Lawn Tennis Association of Australia Annual Report 1988 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Lawn Tennis Association of Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 Lawn Tennis Association of Australia Annual Report 1987 PDF Clearinghouse for Sports Lawn Tennis Association of Australia Archived from the original PDF on 1 April 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2017 External links EditOfficial website Tennis Australia website Australian Open All winners and runners up Reference bookPreceded byUS Open Grand Slam TournamentJanuary Succeeded byFrench OpenCoordinates 37 49 18 S 144 58 42 E 37 82167 S 144 97833 E 37 82167 144 97833 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Australian Open amp oldid 1137680475, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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