fbpx
Wikipedia

Texas Tech University

January 01, 1970

For the university system, see Texas Tech University System.

Texas Tech University (Texas Tech, Tech, or TTU) is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas. Established on October 2, 1923, and called Texas Technological College until 1969, it is the flagship institution of the five-institution Texas Tech University System. As of Fall 2023, the university enrolled 40,944 students,[8] making it the sixth-largest university in Texas. Over 25% of its undergraduate student population identifies as Hispanic, so the university has been designated a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI).[11]

Texas Tech University
Former names
Texas Technological College (1923–1969)
Motto"From here, it's possible."[1]
TypePublic research university[2]
EstablishedFebruary 10, 1923; 101 years ago (1923-02-10)
Parent institution
Texas Tech University System
AccreditationSACS
Academic affiliations
Endowment$1.08 billion (2023)
(TTU only)[3]
$1.78 billion (2023)
(system-wide)[3]
Budget$1.25 billion (FY2024)[4]
ChancellorTedd L. Mitchell[5]
PresidentLawrence Schovanec[6]
Academic staff
2,094 (Fall 2023)[7]
Students40,944 (Fall 2023)[8]
Undergraduates32,806 (Fall 2023)[8]
Postgraduates8,138 (Fall 2023)[8]
Location
Lubbock
,
Texas
,
United States

33°35′02″N 101°52′41″W / 33.584°N 101.878°W / 33.584; -101.878
CampusLarge city[9], 1,839 acres (744 ha)
NewspaperThe Daily Toreador
ColorsScarlet and black[10]
   
Nickname
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I FBS – Big 12
Mascot
Websitewww.ttu.edu

The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers and institutes. Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000 degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. Texas Tech is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[12] Research projects in the areas of epidemiology, pulsed power, grid computing, classics, nanophotonics, atmospheric sciences, and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university.

The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Red Raiders football team has made 40 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university. The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament. Bob Knight, who has the fifth-most wins as a head coach in men's NCAA Division I basketball history, served as the team's head coach from 2001 to 2008. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament. In 1999, Texas Tech's Goin' Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy, which is awarded to "recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence".

History edit

Main article: History of Texas Tech University

Establishment edit

 
Administration Building (circa 1925)

The call to open a college in West Texas began shortly after settlers arrived in the area in the 1880s.[13][14] In 1917, the Texas legislature passed a bill creating a branch of Texas A&M to be in Abilene.[15] However, the bill was repealed two years later during the next session after it was discovered Governor James E. Ferguson had falsely reported the site committee's choice of location. After new legislation passed in the state house and senate in 1921, Governor Pat Neff vetoed it, citing hard financial times in West Texas. Furious about Neff's veto, some in West Texas went so far as to recommend West Texas secede from the state.[16]

In 1923, the legislature decided, rather than a branch campus, a new university would better serve the region's needs under legislation co-authored by State Senator William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock and State Representative Roy Alvin Baldwin of Slaton in southern Lubbock County.[17] On February 10, 1923, Neff signed the legislation creating Texas Technological College, and in July of that year, a committee began searching for a site.[16] When the committee's members visited Lubbock, they were overwhelmed to find residents lining the streets to show support for hosting the institution.[18][19] That August, Lubbock was chosen on the first ballot over other area towns, including Floydada, Plainview, Big Spring, and Sweetwater.[18]

Construction of the college campus began on November 1, 1924.[14] Ten days later, the cornerstone of the Administration Building was laid in front of 20,000 people. Speakers at the event included Governor Pat Neff; Amon G. Carter; Reverend E. E. Robinson, Colonel Ernest O. Thompson; and Representative Richard M. Chitwood, the chairman of the House Education Committee, who became the first Texas Tech business manager. Chitwood served in the position only fifteen months; he died in November 1926.[20] With an enrollment of 914 students—both men and women—Texas Technological College opened for classes on October 1, 1925.[21][22][23] It was originally composed of four schools—Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, and Liberal Arts.[17]

Military training was conducted at the college as early as 1925, but formal Reserve Officers' Training Corps training did not start until 1936. By 1939, the school's enrollment had grown to 3,890. Although enrollment declined during World War II, Texas Tech trained 4,747 men in its armed forces training detachments.[17] Following the war, in 1946, the college saw its enrollment leap to 5,366 from a low of 1,696 in 1943.[24]

Expansion and growth edit

 
Administration Building

By the 1960s, the school had expanded its offerings to more than just technical subjects.[25] The Faculty Advisory Committee suggested changing the name to "Texas State University", feeling the phrase "Technological College" did not define the institution's scope.[26] While most students supported this change, the Board of Directors and many alumni, wanting to preserve the Double T, opposed it.[27] Other names—University of the Southwest, Texas Technological College and State University,[28] and The Texas University of Art, Science and Technology—were considered,[29] but the Board of Directors chose Texas Tech University, submitting it to the state legislature in 1964.

A failed move by Governor John Connally to have the school placed into the Texas A&M University System, as well as continued disagreement and heated debate over the school's new name, kept the name change from being approved.[25][26] In spite of objections by many students and faculty, the Board of Directors again submitted the change in 1969. It finally received the legislature's approval on June 6, and the name Texas Tech University went into effect that September.[29] All of the institution's schools, except Law, became colleges.[17][30]

Texas Tech was integrated in 1961 when three African-American students were admitted. After its initial rejection of the students' enrollment and the threat of a lawsuit, the university enacted a policy to admit "all qualified applicants regardless of color".[31] The university offered its first athletic scholarship to a black student in 1967, when Danny Hardaway was recruited to play for the Red Raiders football team.[32] In 1970, Hortense W. Dixon became the first African American student to earn a doctorate from the university.[33] In 1972 Charles Henry became the first full-time African American faculty member.[34]

In the 1960s and 1970s, the university invested US$150 million in the campus to construct buildings for the library, foreign languages, social sciences, communications, philosophy, electrical and petroleum engineering, art, and architecture. Some other buildings were significantly expanded.[35]

On May 29, 1969, the 61st Texas Legislature created the Texas Tech University School of Medicine.[36] The Texas Legislature expanded the medical school charter in 1979, creating the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. TTUHSC, which is now part of the Texas Tech University System, includes Schools of Allied Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. It has locations in four Texas cities in addition to the main campus in Lubbock.[37]

In 2011, the combined enrollment in the Texas Tech University System was greater than 42,000 students—a 48% increase since 2000. Chancellor Kent Hance reiterated plans for Texas Tech's main campus to reach enrollment of 40,000 students by 2020, with additional 5,000 students at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and 10,000 students at Angelo State University.[38]

Recent history edit

 
Texas Tech's Humanities Building, with architecture influenced by English manors, faces a building of similar style for the College of Education.

In 1996, the Board of Regents of Texas Tech University created the Texas Tech University System. Former State Senator John T. Montford, later of San Antonio, was selected as the first chancellor to lead the combined academic enterprise.[39] Regents Chair Edward Whitacre Jr. stated the move was made due to the institution's size and complexity. "It's time," he said, "to take the university into the 21st century".[35] The Texas Tech University system originally included Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. On November 6, 2007, the voters of Texas approved an amendment to the Texas Constitution realigning Angelo State University with the Texas Tech University System.[40] Kent Hance, a Texas Tech graduate who had served as United States Representative and as one of the three elected members of the Texas Board which regulates the oil-and-gas industry, assumed the duties of chancellor on December 1, 2006.[41]

Although growth continued at Texas Tech, the university was not immune to controversy. In 2003, a third-year student at the Texas Tech School of Law filed suit against the university over its policy on free speech zones, which restricted student speech to a single "free speech gazebo".[42] The following year, a federal judge declared the policy unconstitutional.[42][43][44]

To meet the demands of its increased enrollment and expanding research, the university has invested more than $548 million in new construction since 2000. It has also received more than $65.9 million in private donations.[35] In April 2009, the Texas House of Representatives passed a bill to increase state funding for seven public universities. Texas Tech University is classified by the state as an "Emerging Research University", and is among the universities that will receive additional state funding for advancement toward "Tier 1" status. Three funds—the Research University Development Fund, the Texas Research Incentive Program, and the National Research University Benchmark Fund—have been established and will provide $500 million in grants and matching funds during fiscal years 2010 and 2011.[45] On September 2, 2009, the university announced it had received private gifts totaling $24.3 million. Of these, $21.5 million are eligible for match under the Texas Research Incentive Program.[46]

In late 2011 and throughout 2012–13, construction began on several new buildings on campus.[47] The construction included a new $20 million Petroleum Engineering and Research building, a new building to house the Rawls College of Business, two new residence halls, a $3.5 million chapel, and extensive remodeling of the building that previously housed the Rawls College of Business.[47] In 2021, construction began on the new $100 million, 125,000-square-foot Academic Sciences Building.[48]

The university system's endowment reached $1.043 billion in March 2014, surpassing one billion dollars for the first time.[49]

Centennial Celebration edit

Texas Tech celebrated its centennial with a year-long schedule of events. The centennial kickoff was on December 2, 2022, at the annual Carol of Lights, with a conclusion at the 2023 Carol of Lights.

Academics edit

Main article: Texas Tech University academics

By enrollment, Texas Tech is the sixth-largest university in Texas and the largest institution of higher education in the western two-thirds of the state. In the Fall 2014 semester, Texas Tech set a record enrollment with 35,134 students.[59] For the 2014 enrollment year, most students came from Texas (95.17%), followed by New Mexico, California, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Florida.[60] Altogether, the university has educated students from all 50 US states and over 100 foreign countries.[61] Enrollment has continued to increase in recent years, and growth is on track with a plan to have 40,000 students by 2020.[62] From 1927 to 2011, the university awarded 173,551 bachelor's, 34,541 master's, 5,906 doctoral, and 7,092 law degrees.[63]

The 2023 U.S. News & World Report rankings listed the university at 216th nationally and 116th amongst public schools. The 2013 Shanghai Jiao Tong Rankings placed Texas Tech University at 401 worldwide, which tied it with fellow Big 12 schools Oklahoma and Kansas State, among others.[64] The Princeton Review ranked Texas Tech among the 125 best colleges in the Western United States in its 2015 edition.[65] In 2010, the Wall Street Journal ranked the university 18th in its ranking of graduate desirability for job recruiters.[66] Three of the university's undergraduate programs are ranked by PayScale as in the top 20 nationally in mid-career salary: Art, Physical and Life Sciences, and Education.[67] In its 2015 edition, U.S. News & World Report noted the university has a "selective" undergraduate admissions policy.[68] As a public university, Texas Tech is subject to Texas House Bill 588, which guarantees Texas high school seniors in the top 10% of their graduating class admission to any public Texas university. In 2012, 20.3% of incoming freshmen were admitted in this manner. About half of incoming freshmen finished in the top quarter of their graduating classes.[69] In 2016, the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education listed Texas Tech among 115 most prominent research schools, commonly known as "Carnegie Tier One".[70][71]

Texas Tech University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.[72] The university offers 150 bachelor's, 104 master's, and 59 doctoral degree programs.[73] Texas Tech has five satellite campuses in Texas—in Abilene, Amarillo, Fredericksburg, Highland Lakes, and Junction.[74] Texas Tech also has a satellite campus in Europe, in Seville, Spain, and one in Escazú, San José, Costa Rica.[75] Additional study-abroad programs are offered in various countries, such as Denmark, England, France, and Italy.[76]

The Office of International Affairs supports and facilitates the international mission of Texas Tech University. It provides services for faculty and students, offers international educational and cultural experiences for the school and community, and contributes to the university's globalization process and its effort to grow as an international educational and research center. The International Cultural Center provides a continual series of conferences, lectures, art exhibitions, and performances.[77]

Colleges and schools edit

Texas Tech has expanded from its original four schools to comprise ten colleges and two schools.[73]

In the 2015 U.S. News & World Report report on higher education, the Whitacre College of Engineering was ranked 94th in the nation.[78] In 2009, the college's Petroleum Engineering Department was ranked 10th best in the nation.[79][80] The college offers 11 engineering programs accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.[81] On November 12, 2008, following a $25 million gift from AT&T in honor of alumnus Edward Whitacre Jr., the college was formally renamed the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering.[82]

 
Chemistry Building

The largest academic division on campus, the College of Arts & Sciences offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in a wide range of subjects from philosophy to mathematics. In 2004, the College of Mass Communications and the College of Visual & Performing Arts were created from programs organized within the College of Arts and Sciences. The College of Mass Communications changed its name to the College of Media & Communication in 2012 and offers degrees in several areas, including advertising, journalism and electronic media, and public relations. The College of Visual & Performing Arts was renamed in honor of the contributions by the J. T. & Margaret Talkington Foundation in 2016; Programs offered through Talkington College are accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, the National Association of Schools of Music, and the National Association of Schools of Theatre.[83]

Once the Division of Home Economics, the College of Human Sciences now offers degrees in applied and professional studies, design, human development, nutrition, hospitality, and retailing. The College of Human Sciences' Department of Personal Financial Planning was ranked in 2011 as the top program out of ten standout programs by the industry newsletter, Financial Planning.[84] The Huckabee College of Architecture, founded in 1927, offers programs accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board.[85]

The Rawls College of Business, which is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, is the university's business school.[86] The college offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in business disciplines.[87][88] In its 2016 "Best Grad Schools" rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the graduate business program 91st in the United States.[89] The college's health organization management degree program was ranked 41st. From its origin in 1942, the business school was known as the Division of Commerce, until it was renamed the College of Business Administration in 1956. In 2000, following a $25 million gift from alumnus Jerry S. Rawls, the college was formally renamed the Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration.[17]

 
Architecture Building

In 1967, both the College of Education and the Texas Tech University School of Law were founded. The College of Education instructs future teachers and is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. The School of Law is an American Bar Association-accredited law school on the main campus in Lubbock, and came in 2nd statewide in the 2013 Bar Examination pass rate with 95.45 percent.[83][90] The school offers Juris Doctor degrees which can be earned in conjunction with Master of Business Administration or Master of Science degrees through the adjacent Rawls College of Business.

All graduate programs offered at Texas Tech University are overseen by the Graduate School, which was officially established in 1954. The university's Honors College allows select students to design a customized curriculum that incorporates a broad range of disciplines, and offers students the opportunity for early admission into Texas Tech University's medical and law schools.

In September 2008, the University College was established. Formerly known as the College of Outreach and Distance Education, the college was created by bringing together the Division of Off-Campus Sites and the Division of Outreach and Distance Education.[91] Texas Tech's six in-state satellite campuses are under the auspices of the college. Additionally, it oversees the Texas Tech University Independent School District.[92]

The Texas Tech University System also operates a medical school, the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. It offers Schools of Allied Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy. While it is a discrete entity, separate from Texas Tech University, it offers joint degrees (such as MD/MBA) through coordination with the university. Further, the Health Sciences Center is on the university's main campus in Lubbock. In addition to the Lubbock campus, TTUHSC has campuses in Abilene, Amarillo, El Paso, Dallas, and Odessa.

Research edit

 
Texas Tech, in collaboration with Harvard University, has developed a treatment that may be a cure for HIV.

Classified by the Carnegie Foundation in 2016 as one of only 115 research universities with "highest activity",[93] Texas Tech University hosts 71 research centers and institutes.[94] According to the National Science Foundation, Texas Tech had $226.7 million in research development funding and expenditures, ranking Texas Tech 120th in the nation.[95]

In 2008, a team of researchers from Texas Tech University and Harvard University announced the development of an siRNA-based treatment that may ultimately counteract the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Human cells infected with HIV, injected into rats, have been cured by the experimental treatment. Clinical trials on humans are expected to begin by 2010.[96][97][98] Texas Tech researchers also hold the exclusive license for HemoTech, a human blood substitute composed of bovine hemoglobin. HemoBioTech, the company marketing the technology, believes HemoTech will diminish the intrinsic toxicities that have stifled previous attempts to develop a human blood substitute.[99] On January 14, 2008, Texas Tech University announced the creation of the West Texas Influenza Research Center. The university has concluded human clinical testing of oral interferon in a five-year study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and continues its study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[100]

Following the May 11, 1970, Lubbock Tornado that caused 26 fatalities and over $785 million (2013 dollars) in damage in Lubbock, the National Wind Institute (formerly the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center or WISE) was established. The National Wind Institute Center, which includes 56,000 square feet (5,200 m2) of indoor laboratory space, is focused on research, education, and information outreach.[101] The interdisciplinary research program studies methods to exploit the beneficial qualities of wind and to mitigate its detrimental effects. The center offers education in wind science and engineering to develop professionals who are experts in creating designs which deal effectively with problems caused by high winds. The Center instituted the nation's first Ph.D program in Wind Science and Engineering in 2003.[102] National Wind Institute researchers contributed significantly to the development of the Enhanced Fujita Scale for rating the strength of tornadoes.[103]

 
Texas Tech alumnus Rick Husband was the final commander of Space Shuttle Columbia.

Texas Tech has made many contributions to NASA projects. Daniel Cooke, Computer Science Department Chair, and his colleagues are working to develop the technical content of the Intelligent Systems Program, and have been awarded a five-year budget valued at $350 million.[104] University scientists have also teamed with NASA's guidance, navigation, and control engineers to develop the Onboard Abort Executive (OAE), software capable of quickly deciding the best course of action during an ascent failure.[105][106] The Texas Tech Space Research Initiative has also partnered with NASA to perfect methods for growing fresh vegetables in space and to determine the most efficient ways to recycle wastewater.[107] In November 1996, the university dedicated the Charles A. Bassett II Pulse Laboratory to honor engineering alumnus and Gemini-era astronaut Charles A. Bassett II.[108] In total, Texas Tech has helped to produce five astronauts including Bassett, Paul Lockhart, and Rick Husband; Husband was commander of STS-107, the final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia.[109][110][111][Note 1]

In 2008, the pulsed power electronics laboratory received $4 million in federal funding. Among other things, the money will be used to create compact generators for weapon systems designed to destroy improvised explosive devices (IEDs).[112] The College of Engineering's Nano Tech Center has received approximately $20 million in grants toward its work in applied nanophotonics, the creation and manipulation of advanced materials at the nanoscale that can produce and sense light.[113] Texas Tech's Center for Advanced Analytics and Business Intelligence performs grid computing research through collaboration with the SAS Institute that seeks to improve the speed with which large quantities of data (such as those present in genomics and global economics) can be processed.[114]

Texas Tech's College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources has received state and federal grants for research projects including the fiber properties of cotton, the antibacterial properties of cotton fabric, and the development of chemical-warfare protective fabrics.[115] The college has also created two grass variants, Shadow Turf, a drought-tolerant turf grass that thrives in shade, and Tech Turf (marketed as Turffalo), a turf grass with the rich color and texture of Bermuda and the resilience of buffalo grass.[116][117]

Online and regional learning programs edit

Texas Tech offers online and regional programs in addition to programs offered on the main campus.[118] There are programs that are fully online, hybrid/blended, and at regional sites. The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as a graduate certification preparation program, at the regional sites of El Paso, Fredericksburg, Highland Lakes, Center at Junction, and Waco.

Texas Tech's online engineering program also gained recognition from U.S. News & World Report, ranking 20th on their list of the best graduate online engineering programs.[119]

Campus edit

See also: List of Texas Tech University buildings and Texas Technological College Historic District
 
Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library

The Lubbock campus is home to the main academic university, law school, and medical school (Health Sciences Center). It is one of two institutions (the other being UT Austin) in Texas to have a graduate school, law school, and medical school on its main campus.[120][121] The campus, which boasts Spanish Renaissance architecture, was described by American author James A. Michener as the "most beautiful west of the Mississippi until you get to Stanford" and by Stewart Mandel of Sports Illustrated as "easily one of the ten most beautiful campuses" he had seen.[122][123][124][125] Many buildings on campus borrow architectural elements from those found at University de Alcalá in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, and Mission San José in San Antonio.[126] A large section of the campus built between 1924 and 1951 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Texas Technological College Historic District. This area is roughly bounded by 6th Street on the north, University Avenue on the east, 19th Street on the south, and Flint Street on the west.[127] In 2008, the Professional Grounds Management Society awarded Texas Tech the Grand Award for excellence in grounds-keeping, and merit awards in 2007, 2010, and 2014.[128]

In 1998, the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System created the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection to enliven the campus environment and extend the university's educational mission. It is funded by using one percent of the estimated total cost of each new building on campus.[129] The collection features pieces from artists such as Tom Otterness and Glenna Goodacre. Public Art Review has ranked the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection among the ten best university public art collections in the United States.[130][131]

 
Pfluger Fountain

The university also hosts the Museum of Texas Tech University, which was founded in 1929 and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.[132] The museum is home to over eight million objects and specimens and houses the Moody Planetarium, art galleries, a sculpture court, and a natural science research laboratory. It also operates the Val Verde County research site and the Lubbock Lake Landmark,[133] an archaeological site and natural history preserve in the city of Lubbock. The site has evidence of 12,000 years of use by ancient cultures on the Llano Estacado (Southern High Plains), and allows visitors to watch active archaeological digs. Visiting scientists and tourists may also participate in the discovery process. Lubbock Lake Landmark is a National Historic Landmark, which lists it on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a designated State Archaeological Landmark.[134] Texas Tech is also the location of the Southwest Collection of historical archives and the sponsoring institution of the West Texas Historical Association.[135] Located on the northern edge of the campus is the National Ranching Heritage Center, a museum of ranching history. The site spans 27.5 acres (0.111 km2) and is home to 38 historic structures that have been restored to their original condition. Structures represented at the center include a linecamp, a dugout, a bunkhouse, a blacksmith shop, a cowchip house, a schoolhouse, corrals, shipping pens, windmills, chuckwagons, and a coal-burning locomotive.[136]

The university maintains a number of libraries, some general-purpose and some dedicated to specific topics such as architecture and law. Among the most notable of these are the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library and the Vietnam Center and Archive, the nation's largest and most comprehensive collections of information on the Vietnam War.[137] On August 17, 2007, the Vietnam Center and Archive became the first US institution to sign a formalized exchange agreement with the State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam. This opens the door for a two-way exchange between the entities.[138][139]

Student life edit

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[140] Total
White 54% 54
 
Hispanic 29% 29
 
Black 6% 6
 
Other[a] 5% 5
 
Asian 3% 3
 
Foreign national 2% 2
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[b] 24% 24
 
Affluent[c] 76% 76
 
 
Goin' Band from Raiderland

There are over 516 student clubs and organizations at Texas Tech.[141] Many students participate in Greek Life.[142] Texas Tech Greek Life includes 12 Panhellenic Sororities and 24\2 InterFraternity Council Fraternities, as well as groups in the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and Multicultural Greek Council (MGC).[143] The Student Union Building, located centrally on campus, is the hub of daily student activity. It houses restaurants, coffee shops, a book store, meeting rooms, lecture halls, movie rooms, and study areas, as well as the offices and meeting rooms of several student organizations and the Student Government Association. Directly next to the Student Union Building is the School of Music, home of the Texas Tech Goin' Band from Raiderland. The 450-member band, which was awarded the Sudler Trophy in 1999, performs at all home football games and other events.[144]

Approximately 20% of students live on campus, and most students live on campus for at least a portion of their academic careers.[145][146] Students with fewer than 30 hours of academic credit are required to live in university housing unless they receive an exemption. Specific residence halls and communities exist for graduate students, athletes, and various specific interests and academic disciplines. Every resident on campus is a member of the Texas Tech Residence Hall Association which provides various on campus programming and leadership opportunities. RHA is led by an Executive Board and Senate with student representatives from each residence hall. The organization is also a member of the South West Affiliate of College and Universities Residence Halls.[147]

 
Student Union Building

International honor societies Phi Beta Kappa (liberal arts and sciences), Delta Epsilon Psi, Beta Gamma Sigma (business), and Tau Beta Pi (engineering) have chapters at the university.[148][149][150] Professional, service, and social fraternities and sororities on campus include Alpha Phi Omega (service), Alpha Kappa Psi (business), Delta Sigma Pi (business), Alpha Omega Epsilon (engineering), Phi Alpha Delta (law), Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (music), Kappa Kappa Psi (band), and Tau Beta Sigma (band).[151][152][153][154][155] Professional development and research organizations hosted by the university include the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, the Center for the Integration of Science Education and Research, the Society of Engineering Technologists, Student Bar Association, and the Texas Tech Forensic Union. Texas Tech is also the only Power Five university in Texas that is a Hispanic-serving Institution.[156] Spirit organizations representing Texas Tech include the High Riders, Saddle Tramps, and the Sabre Flight Drill Team.

The university maintains KTXT-FM 88.1, formerly a student radio station focusing on alternative, indie rock, industrial, and hip hop music. After 47 years, the station went off the air on December 10, 2008.[157] It returned in May 2009 with a different format and plans to eventually return to its former style.[158] National Public Radio station KTTZ-FM 89.1, which features classical music and news, is also found on campus. Additionally, the university owns and operates Public Broadcasting Service television station KTTZ-TV. Students run a daily newspaper, The Daily Toreador, until 2005 known as The University Daily. The university also produces a yearbook, La Ventana.

Athletics edit

Main article: Texas Tech Red Raiders and Lady Raiders
See also: Texas Tech Lady Raiders basketball, Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball, Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball, Texas Tech Red Raiders cross country, Texas Tech Red Raiders football, Texas Tech Red Raiders golf, and Texas Tech Red Raiders track and field

Texas Tech's athletic teams are known as the Red Raiders with the exception of the women's basketball team, which is known as the Lady Raiders. Texas Tech competes in NCAA Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) and is a member of the Big 12 Conference. From 1932 until 1956, the university belonged to the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association. After being rejected eight times over more than 20 years, the Southwest Conference admitted Texas Tech on May 12, 1956.[159] When the Southwest Conference disbanded in 1995, Texas Tech, along with the University of Texas at Austin, Texas A&M University, and Baylor University, merged with schools from the former Big Eight Conference to form the Big 12.[160] Athletic Director Kirby Hocutt is a member of the College Football Playoff committee.[161] Texas Tech varsity teams have won two NCAA national titles, most recently the men's outdoor track and field championship in 2019, while the Lady Raiders basketball team won the school's first ever title in 1993.

 
Red Raiders in action in 2007

The Texas Tech Lady Raiders, led by player Sheryl Swoopes and head coach Marsha Sharp, won the 1993 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship.[162] The men's basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Men's Division I Tournament. Bob Knight served as men's basketball coach from the beginning of the 2001 season until February 4, 2008. On January 1, 2007, he set the record for most coaching victories in men's NCAA Division I basketball history when the Red Raiders defeated the New Mexico Lobos, 70–68.[163] Upon Knight's retirement, his son Pat Knight became the head coach of the team for several seasons until Billy Gillispie replaced him.[164] In 2013, Tubby Smith replaced Gillispie.[165] After Tubby Smith's departure in 2016, Chris Beard, an assistant under Bob Knight, came aboard. Beard quickly achieved national attention, leading the team to its first Elite Eight appearance in just his second season. He led the Red Raiders to the Final Four in his third year, losing in the National Championship game to Virginia. The Red Raiders current head coach is Grant McCasland[166]

Since 1999, Texas Tech has played home basketball games at United Spirit Arena, a 15,020-seat multipurpose facility which cost $113 million in 2023 dollars[167] to build.[168] In addition to serving as home to the men's and women's basketball teams, the Red Raider volleyball team uses the arena. Texas Tech students broke the Big 12 Conference record for student attendance at the United Spirit Arena during a February 25, 2014 loss to Kansas State. The record of 6,086 students fell less than 2,000 short of the national record.[169]

The Red Raiders football team, is a member of the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-A) and is coached by Joey McGuire.[170][171] Throughout the 2000s, then head coach Mike Leach lead the team to national prominence. In 14 of its last 15 seasons, the Red Raiders have finished with a winning record, the fourth-longest such streak in the nation at the time.[172][173] The Red Raiders have made 36 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university.[174] From 1932 to 1956, as members of the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Red Raiders won eight conference championships and one co-championship, the most held by a Border Conference member. After joining the Southwest Conference, the Red Raiders added conference co-championships in 1976 and 1994.[160]

 
Jones AT&T Stadium west side facade

Jones AT&T Stadium is home to the Red Raiders football team. The stadium, named for Clifford B. and Audrey Jones, opened in 1947 and has a capacity of 60,454. In 2000, the stadium was renamed Jones SBC Stadium after SBC Communications made a $30 million contribution to the university. Following SBC Communications' acquisition of AT&T Corporation in 2006 and its subsequent adoption of the AT&T name, the stadium was renamed Jones AT&T Stadium.[175] The stadium's original seating capacity was 27,000, but it was expanded in 1959, 1972, 2003, 2009, 2010, and 2013.

On August 7, 2008, the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System announced a $25 million expansion project.[176] The expansion added a Spanish Renaissance-themed façade to the stadium's east side. In addition to the improvements to the facility's exterior, the expansion added 1,000 general-admission seats, 550 club seats, and 26 suites.[177] Texas Tech allocated $19 million to the expansion and added another $6 million through fund-raising initiatives.[178] On November 20, 2008, university officials announced the project's fundraising goal had been exceeded.[179] The expansion' groundbreaking ceremonies took place on November 29, 2008, and construction was completed before the 2009 football season.[178][180]

In January 2013, construction added another 368 seats in the north endzone and two observation decks. The $11 million project also includes a significantly upgraded jumbotron with a new sound system, a Spanish Renaissance-themed colonnade, and a north end zone concourse that connects the two stadium halves. Along with the other additions, 157 feet of ribbon board will be added on the north end zone, more than 160 linear feet in the northeast and northwest corners of the stadium, and 94 lineal feet in the south end zone over the athletic offices. The construction was completed during the 2013 season.[181] The stadium's capacity is 60,862, making it the third-largest on-campus stadium in Texas.[182]

The Red Raiders baseball team played its first game in 1925.[183] The team has two conference championships, two conference tournament championships, and has made nine NCAA Division I Baseball Championship tournament appearances.[184] Larry Hays coached the team from 1987 to 2008 and compiled a .639 winning percentage.[185] Following Hays' retirement on June 2, 2008, Assistant Coach Dan Spencer was promoted to head coach.[186] Dan Spencer was replaced by Tim Tadlock following the 2012 season and made its first appearance in the College World Series in 2013. At least 20 former Red Raiders baseball players have gone on to play in the Major Leagues.[187] The team plays its home games at Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park. The field, renovated in 2012 and on the main campus in Lubbock, has a seating capacity of 5,050.[188]

Texas Tech's track and field teams have been led by head coach Wes Kittley since 2000. Under Kittley, the men's team won the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championship in 2019, and has produced seven Olympic medalists, 16 national champions, over 200 All-Americans and 119 Big 12 Champions including Michael Mathieu, Sally Kipyego, Kennedy Kithuka, Shereefa Lloyd, Gil Roberts and others.[189]

In addition to varsity sports, the university's Sport Clubs Federation offers 30 recreational and competitive sport clubs, including polo, rugby union, lacrosse, fencing, and soccer.[190] In 2006, Texas Tech beat rival Texas A&M to win the United States Polo Association National Intercollegiate Championship.[191][192][193]

Mascots edit

The Masked Rider is Texas Tech University's oldest mascot. The tradition began in 1936, when "ghost riders" were dared to circle the field prior to home football games. The Masked Rider became an official mascot in 1954, when Joe Kirk Fulton led the team onto the field at the Gator Bowl. According to reports from those at the game, the crowd sat in stunned silence as they watched Fulton and his horse Blackie rush onto the football field, followed by the team. After a few moments, the silent crowd burst into cheers. Ed Danforth, a writer for the Atlanta Journal who witnessed the event, later wrote, "No team in any bowl game ever made a more sensational entrance."[194][195] In 2000, The Masked Rider tradition was commemorated with the unveiling of a statue outside of the university's Frazier Alumni Pavilion. The sculpture, created by artist Grant Speed, is 25% larger than life.[196]

Today, the Masked Rider, with guns up, leads the team onto the field for all home games. This mascot, adorned in a distinctive gaucho hat like those worn by members of the marching band, is one of the most visible figures at Texas Tech.

Texas Tech's other mascot, Raider Red, is a more recent creation. Beginning with the 1971 football season, the Southwest Conference forbade the inclusion of live animal mascots to away games unless the host school consented. For situations where the host school did not want to allow the Masked Rider's horse, an alternative mascot was needed. Jim Gaspard, a member of the Saddle Tramps student spirit organization, created the original design for the Raider Red costume, basing it on a character created by cartoonist Dirk West, a Texas Tech alumnus and former Lubbock mayor.[197] Although the Masked Rider's identity is public knowledge, it has always been tradition that Raider Red's student alter ego is kept secret until the end of his or her tenure.[198] The student serving as Raider Red is a member of the Saddle Tramps or High Riders.

Traditions edit

Main article: Texas Tech University traditions

Carol of Lights edit

 
Carol of Lights

The Carol of Lights is an annual event, sponsored by the Residence Halls Association, traditionally held the first Friday in December, to celebrate the holiday season. The event begins with a carillon concert, from the 43 bells in the west tower of the Administration Building followed a torch-light processional by the Saddle Tramps and High Riders spirit organizations. The Texas Tech Trombone Choir and combined choirs lead the crowd in singing carols and the illumination ceremony culminates with a soloist performance of "O Holy Night" in the Science Quadrangle. This is followed by the lighting ceremony, where 13 buildings within the Texas Technological College Historic District are illuminated with the over 25,000 red, white, and orange lights.[199] The lights remain on the campus buildings until the first week when students come back from the holiday break.[200]

In 1959, Texas Tech University Board of Directors member Harold Hinn planned and provided the funding to cover the Science Quadrangle and Administration Building with 5,000 lights. However, students were away on Christmas break and did not see the display. The following year, the Residence Hall Association sponsored the event under the name "Christmas Sing". In 1961, the event was renamed Carol of Lights and the display increased to 16,000 lights.[201] The tradition has since grown to include decorations like the 38-foot lighted Christmas tree, 3,000 luminaries lining the sidewalks of Memorial Circle, and a 21-foot fresh pine wreath hung on the Physics/Geosciences building built by Women's Service Organization.[200]

Double T edit

Main article: Double T
 
Double T

The most readily identified symbol of Texas Tech is the Double T. The logo, generally attributed to Texas Tech's first football coach, E. Y. Freeland, was first used as decoration on the sweaters for the football players.[202] The Double T existed in its original form as an official logo from 1963 to 1999 and was updated in 2000. The new logo maintains the original premise, but incorporates three-dimensional beveling effects coupled with white trim.

To recognize the importance of the Double T to Texas Tech, the class of 1931 donated the Double T bench. By tradition, freshmen are not allowed to sit on the bench, which is in the courtyard of the Administration Building. The logo is further embodied in the Double T neon sign, donated by the class of 1938 and affixed to the east side of Jones AT&T Stadium. At the time of its purchase, this was reputedly the largest neon sign in existence.[203]

Will Rogers and Soapsuds edit

Main article: Riding Into the Sunset
 
Will Rogers and Soapsuds

One of the most well-known landmarks on campus is the statue of Will Rogers on his horse Soapsuds. The statue, entitled "Riding Into the Sunset", has resided at the center of the campus since it was dedicated on February 16, 1950, by Rogers' longtime friend Amon G. Carter.[204] Carter claimed that Texas Tech was the ideal setting for the statue, and that it would be an appropriate addition to the traditions and scenery of West Texas.[205] The statue, estimated to cost $25,000 ($239,000 in 2013 dollars) when it was dedicated, stands 9 feet 11 inches (3.02 m) and weighs 3,200 pounds (1,500 kg).[206] The inscription on the plaque at the base of the statue reads: "Lovable Old Will Rogers on his favorite horse, 'Soapsuds', riding into the Western sunset."[207]

The statue continues to be a part of school tradition. Before every home football game, the Saddle Tramps wrap it with red crêpe paper, a tradition dating back to 1969 and a loss to Texas A&M after which the statue was found covered in maroon paint in an apparent prank. In times of national tragedies, the statue has also been wrapped in black crêpe paper.[207]

According to one campus legend taught to students during freshman orientation, the statue was originally to be positioned with Will Rogers facing due west, so it would appear he was riding into the sunset. However, that position would cause Soapsuds' posterior end to face due east, a dubious greeting to visitors entering by the main eastern campus entrance where the statue is placed. The horse's rear would also be facing downtown Lubbock, potentially insulting the Lubbock business community. The legend holds that this problem was solved by Tech's Civil Engineering department, who calculated that a 23° turn of Soapsuds' head to the north would line up Soapsuds' rear end directly toward College Station, Texas, home of the rival Texas A&M Aggies.[207][208] Modern surveys and satellite imagery have determined the statue's posterior end actually points roughly equidistantly between College Station and Austin, home of another rival team, the Texas Longhorns.[209][210]

Texas Tech ring edit

While the class ring had occasionally used a universal design, by the late 20th century, various styles were available. In 1999, the university reverted to a single ring design for the university's graduates. The new Official Texas Tech Alumni Association Class Ring symbolically captures the essence of Texas Tech with the prominent Double T logo surrounded by the school's full name and date of foundation. By tradition, undergraduates wear the ring with the Double T logo facing themselves. Upon graduation, the ring is turned so the logo faces outward.

One shoulder of the ring displays an image of the Administration Building, with the bells which represent victory. The other shoulder contains the university seal: an American eagle perched above a book, representing the church; a star, representing the State of Texas; a key, representing home; and, a lamp, representing knowledge. These elements are separated by a cross featuring ten cotton bolls, one each for Lubbock and its nine surrounding cotton-producing counties.[211]

Notable alumni edit

 
Colonel Rick Husband
Main articles: List of Texas Tech University alumni, List of Texas Tech University alumni (sports), List of Texas Tech University faculty, and List of Texas Tech University presidents
See also: Texas Tech Alumni Association

The Texas Tech Alumni Association, with over 27,000 members, operates more than 120 chapters in cities throughout the United States and the world.[212][213] Throughout Texas Tech's history, faculty, alumni, and former students have played prominent roles in many different fields. Among its Distinguished Alumni is Demetrio B. Lakas, President of the Republic of Panama from 1969 to 1978.[214][215] Three United States Governors, Daniel I. J. Thornton, Governor of Colorado from 1951 to 1955, John Burroughs, Governor of New Mexico from 1959 to 1961, and Preston Smith, Governor of Texas from 1968 to 1972, are graduates of the university.[216][217][218] Texas Tech alumni have also served in the Texas Legislature, including State Representative Justin Holland from 2017 to present.[219]

Five astronauts, including Rick Husband, the final commander of Space Shuttle Columbia and recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, graduated from the university.[109][111][Note 1] U.S. Marine Corps Major and Medal of Honor recipient George H. O'Brien Jr. is a distinguished alumnus.[220] Richard E. Cavazos is a two-time Distinguished Service Cross recipient and the first Hispanic and Mexican American to advance to the rank of four-star general in the U.S. Army.[221] United States Air Force Major General Wendy Motlong Masiello, one of the highest-ranking women in the United States Department of Defense, is a 1980 graduate of Texas Tech's Rawls College of Business Administration. Alumna Arati Prabhakar, the former head of DARPA, was the first woman to head the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Ginger Kerrick, American physicist, was the first Hispanic female NASA Flight Director. Charles Q. Brown Jr. is the first African-American to be appointed as chief of staff of the United States Air Force and the first African-American to lead any branch of the United States Armed Forces. Texas Tech's influence on the business world is seen in such people as General Motors Chairman and CEO Edward Whitacre Jr., Finisar CEO Jerry S. Rawls, Belo Corporation CEO Dunia A. Shive, and ExxonMobil board member Angela Braly, ranked by Fortune magazine as the most powerful woman in business.[222][223][224][225][226] Scott Pelley, anchor and managing editor for CBS Evening News and correspondent for 60 Minutes, is a graduate of the College of Media & Communication.

Texas Tech alumni have also made contributions to sports, music, and acting. Texas Tech Red Raiders have gone on to play in the NFL, NBA, WNBA, and MLB. Two of the most notable football players are Donny Anderson who as a member of the Green Bay Packers when they won Super Bowl I & Super Bowl II, and longtime Miami Dolphins All-Pro linebacker Zach Thomas. Alumni standouts include 2018 and 2022 NFL MVP and two-time All-Pro quarterback Patrick Mahomes, two-time Bilentenkoff Award-winning wide receiver Michael Crabtree, Danny Amendola, and Wes Welker.[227][228] Others among the university's alumni are folk rocker John Denver, country singer Pat Green, mezzo-soprano Susan Graham, actor Barry Corbin, Friday Night Lights actor Brad Leland, and actor George Eads.[229][230][231] John Hinckley Jr., who attempted to assassinate U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1981, attended the university sporadically from 1973 to 1980.[232][233]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Astronaut Fact Book was last published by NASA in 2013. Joseph Acaba is a 2015 graduate of the College of Education.
  1. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  2. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  3. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

References edit

  1. ^ . Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  2. ^ Young, Glenys. "Texas Tech Achieves Top Rank in Carnegie Research Classification".
  3. ^ a b As of August 31, 2023. "Report on TTUS Endowments As of August 31, 2023" (PDF). Texas Tech University System. November 16, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  4. ^ "FY 2024 Consolidated Operating Budget" (PDF). Texas Tech University System. October 13, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  5. ^ "Welcome from the Chancellor". Texas Tech University. n.d. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  6. ^ "Dr. Lawrence Schovanec". Texas Tech University. n.d.
  7. ^ "Faculty Headcount by Full/Part-Time - Fall 2023". Institutional Research. Texas Tech University. March 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d "Total Enrollment By Level - Fall 2023". Institutional Research. Texas Tech University. October 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  9. ^ "IPEDS-Texas Tech University".
  10. ^ "Primary Colors". TTU.edu. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  11. ^ "TEXAS TECH ACHIEVES HISPANIC SERVING INSTITUTION ENROLLMENT STATUS".
  12. ^ . carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  13. ^ Hensley, Doug (August 3, 2008). "Landing Tech may have been biggest step in Lubbock's first 100 years". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
  14. ^ a b (PDF). Lubbock Chamber of Commerce. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2008.
  15. ^ Mares, Lluvia (January 27, 2006). . Abilene Reporter-News. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  16. ^ a b . Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Handbook of Texas Online: Texas Tech University". Texas State Historical Association. from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  18. ^ a b . KCBD. July 2, 2008. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  19. ^ Reynolds, John. . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  20. ^ "Texas Tech University Archives". Southwest Collection. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
  21. ^ . Texas Tech University System. Archived from the original on August 15, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
  22. ^ Arenas, Jesus (June 23, 2001). . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
  23. ^ Barrick, Nolan (1985). Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-89672-125-8.
  24. ^ . Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
  25. ^ a b Clark, Robert (January–February 1990). "The Name Change Controversy" (PDF). Southwest Collection. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  26. ^ a b Siegrist, Nikki (March 3, 2003). "Tech Traditions: Fighting for Change". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  27. ^ "About Us: History". Texas Tech Alumni Association. from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  28. ^ Hensley, Doug. . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  29. ^ a b Elizabeth Langton. . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on January 23, 2002. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  30. ^ "General Information". Texas Tech University Office of Official Publications. from the original on August 29, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
  31. ^ Shabazz, Amilcar (2004). Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas. Greensboro: University of North Carolina Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-8078-5505-8.
  32. ^ Scott, Sam (February 7, 1999). . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  33. ^ . Southwest Collection. Archived from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  34. ^ "Black faculty member appointment announced at Texas Tech University last Friday afternoon". West Texas Times. April 20, 1972. p. 1.
  35. ^ a b c . Texas Tech University System. Archived from the original on December 20, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
  36. ^ "Texas Tech University Archives: Medical School". Southwest Collection. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  37. ^ "Profile: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center" (PDF). Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  38. ^ Hance, Kent (February 7, 2011). "Balancing state's budget requires all do fair share". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. p. A4. from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
  39. ^ Scharrer, Gary (April 23, 2008). "Perry suggests AT&T executive for UT chancellor job". Houston Chronicle. from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  40. ^ "Bill: HB 3564". The State of Texas. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  41. ^ "Kent Hance Officially Named Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System". Texas Tech University System. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  42. ^ a b ""Speech zones" and "speech code" struck down at Texas Tech University". Alliance Defense Fund. from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  43. ^ Hall, Delany (June 13, 2003). "Law student sues Texas Tech over free speech zones: Plaintiff claims First Amendment rights were violated by university". The Daily Texan. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  44. ^ Hervey, Christine (April 29, 2008). . The Del Mar College Foghorn. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
  45. ^ Grissom, Brandi (April 24, 2009). "Texas House OKs bill to fund 'tier one' competition". The El Paso Times. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
  46. ^ Post, Sally (September 2, 2009). "Texas Tech Announces TRIP Funds". Texas Tech University. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
  47. ^ a b Gonzales, Patrick. "New Additions Mark Texas Tech's Growth, Progress". Texas Tech University. from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  48. ^ Board, AJ Media Editorial. "Our view: Tech's Academic Sciences Building will have huge impact". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  49. ^ Ursch, Blake (March 31, 2014). "Texas Tech System endowment exceeds $1 billion". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  50. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  51. ^ "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  52. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  53. ^ "2023 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  54. ^ "2024 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  55. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  56. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2024: Top global universities". Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  57. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
  58. ^ "2022-23 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  59. ^ Cook, Chris (September 23, 2014). "Texas Tech Enrollment Figures Shatter Previous Numbers". Texas Tech Today. from the original on September 24, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  60. ^ "2014-2015 Factbook" (PDF). ttu.edu. Texas Tech University Office of Institutional Research. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  61. ^ . Texas Tech Official Athletic Site. Archived from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
  62. ^ Kiely, Maggie (August 27, 2007). "Tech enrollment shows increase, on track with 2020 goal". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  63. ^ "Degree Conferred Since 1927". Texas Tech University. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  64. ^ "Academic Ranking of Texas Tech University". Shanghai Jiao Tong University. from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  65. ^ Gardner, Emily. . ttu.edu. Archived from the original on December 30, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  66. ^ "The Top 25 Recruiter Picks". The Wall Street Journal. September 13, 2010. from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  67. ^ Gardner, Emily. . Texas Tech Today. Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  68. ^ "Texas Tech University profile". U.S. News & World Report. from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  69. ^ "Fact Sheet: Fall 2007" (PDF). Texas Tech University. Retrieved August 31, 2008.
  70. ^ Watkins, Matthew (February 2, 2016). "Four Texas Colleges Reach Carnegie "Tier One" Status". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  71. ^ Michael, Karen (February 3, 2016). "Texas Tech achieves Tier One Carnegie designation". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  72. ^ "Institution Details: Texas Tech University". Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
  73. ^ a b . KCBD. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  74. ^ Casady, Michelle (August 23, 2007). "Branching out: Tech's roots stretch across Lone Star State". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  75. ^ . Texas Tech University Official Publications. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  76. ^ . Texas Tech University. August 10, 2008. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  77. ^ "History &Facts". Texas Tech University. August 11, 2008. from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  78. ^ Cunningham, Amy (March 12, 2014). "Tech programs ranked in top 100 in United States". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  79. ^ . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. April 19, 2008. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2008.
  80. ^ Bolls, Glenys (April 22, 2008). "4 Tech graduate programs ranked in annual Top 100". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  81. ^ "Accredited Programs List". Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. from the original on October 6, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  82. ^ "Texas Tech Names College of Engineering After Former Regent and AT&T CEO Edward E. Whitacre Jr". Texas Tech University. November 12, 2008. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  83. ^ a b "College Navigator: Texas Tech University". National Center for Education Statistics. from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  84. ^ Reed, Danielle (November 1, 2011). . Financial Planning. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  85. ^ "Texas Tech University profile". National Architecture Accrediting Board. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  86. ^ "Texas Tech University, Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration". AACSB. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
  87. ^ Bolls, Glenys (March 22, 2007). . The Daily Toreador. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2008.
  88. ^ . Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. March 22, 2007. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  89. ^ . Business Week. March 22, 2009. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  90. ^ . The State of Texas. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  91. ^ "Approved Degree Programs". Texas Tech University. from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
  92. ^ Graham, Mike (September 17, 2008). "New Tech college seeks to impact West Texas". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  93. ^ Barton, Kristen (February 2, 2016). "Tech achieves Tier One Carnegie Designation". DailyToreador.com. The Daily Toreador. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  94. ^ "Centers & Institutes". ttu.edu. Texas Tech University Office of the Vice President for Research. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  95. ^ "National Science Foundation". Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  96. ^ . KCBD. August 7, 2008. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  97. ^ Swaminathan, Nikhil (August 7, 2008). "Researchers Silence HIV in Mice Engineered to Be Like Humans". Scientific American. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  98. ^ . Harvard Medical School. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  99. ^ "HemoTech Findings Show Significant Promise For Combating Two Major Complications Involved In Treating Patients With Coronary Artery Disease". Business Wire. October 4, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  100. ^ . Reuters. January 14, 2008. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  101. ^ . KCBD. May 9, 2005. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  102. ^ . National Wind Institute. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  103. ^ "EF-Scale Training". National Weather Service. February 11, 2008. from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  104. ^ . Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on January 14, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  105. ^ . nasaspaceflight.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  106. ^ (PDF). Texas Tech University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  107. ^ Slaughter, Jody (November 28, 2001). "Tech, NASA a growing tradition". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  108. ^ "Texas Tech University Dedicates Laboratories to Gemini Astronaut Charles A. Bassett II". NASA. from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  109. ^ a b . NASA. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  110. ^ . NASA. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  111. ^ a b "Astronaut Fact Book" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. April 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  112. ^ Cranford, Leslie (November 21, 2007). "Texas Tech Garners $6.6 Million in 2008 Defense Bill". Texas Tech Today. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  113. ^ . State of Texas. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  114. ^ . SAS Institute. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
  115. ^ McGowan, Matt (September 13, 2007). "Texas Department of Agriculture grants research money to Tech". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  116. ^ . Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  117. ^ "Tough as Buffalo, Green as Grass?". Texas Tech University. from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  118. ^ . Archived from the original on January 14, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  119. ^ "Texas Tech Engineering Program". U.S. News & World Report. from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  120. ^ . Texas College Guide. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
  121. ^ "Dell Medical School Welcomes Its First Class".
  122. ^ . Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  123. ^ "Pretty Texas Tech". Texas Tech University. August 7, 2007. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  124. ^ Barrick, Nolan (1985). Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-89672-125-8.
  125. ^ Mandel, Stewart (November 1, 2008). "Touring Texas Tech's picturesque campus". Sports Illustrated. from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
  126. ^ Barrick, Nolan (1985). Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. pp. 18, 23. ISBN 978-0-89672-125-8.
  127. ^ "Texas Technological College Historic District". Texas Historical Commission. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  128. ^ "PGMS Green Star Awards: Honoring the Best in Grounds Management". Professional Grounds Management Society. from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  129. ^ (PDF). Texas Tech University System. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  130. ^ Slemmons, Scott (May 18, 2006). "Texas Tech Public Art Program Named One of Ten Best". Texas Tech University. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  131. ^ . Massachusetts Institute of Technology. July 26, 2006. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  132. ^ "Museum of Texas Tech Receives National Accreditation". Texas Tech University. October 6, 2008. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
  133. ^ . Museum of Texas Tech University. May 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  134. ^ "Lubbock Lake Landmark". Texas Archeological Research Laboratory. October 1, 2001. from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  135. ^ "West Texas Historical Association". swco.ttu.edu. from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
  136. ^ "About". National Ranching Heritage Center. from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
  137. ^ . Veterans of Foreign Wars. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  138. ^ Kiely, Maggie (August 27, 2007). "Tech signs agreement with Vietnam for records". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  139. ^ Hartz, Marlena (August 18, 2007). . Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
  140. ^ "College Scorecard: Texas Tech University". United States Department of Education. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  141. ^ . Texas Tech University Center for Student Life. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  142. ^ . Texas Tech University Student Affairs. Archived from the original on December 21, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2007.
  143. ^ "Texas Tech Fraternity and Sorority Life".
  144. ^ "The Sudler Trophy". John Philip Sousa Foundation. from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  145. ^ As of 2006, the most recent year for which data are currently available,
  146. ^ "Students Who Live On-Campus: Fall Enrollment Since 1985". Texas Tech University Institutional Research and Information Management. October 31, 2006. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  147. ^ "Housing on Campus". Texas Tech University. from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  148. ^ "Texas Tech University Receives New Phi Beta Kappa Chapter". Phi Beta Kappa Society. April 9, 2007. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  149. ^ . Beta Gamma Sigma. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  150. ^ . Tau Beta Pi. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  151. ^ . Alpha Phi Omega. Archived from the original on May 26, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  152. ^ "Chapter Details". Delta Sigma Pi. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  153. ^ . Phi Alpha Delta. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  154. ^ . Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  155. ^ "Active and Inactive Chapters". Tau Beta Sigma. from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  156. ^ "List of FY 2016 Eligible Hispanic-Serving Institutions" (PDF). www2.ed.gov. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  157. ^ Hull, Joshua (December 10, 2008). "Tech radio off air due to money issues". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  158. ^ Boen, Hannah (June 19, 2009). "KTXT-FM returns to air with different format". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  159. ^ Williams, Don (1998). . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
  160. ^ a b "Texas Tech Football History Database". NationalChamps.net. from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  161. ^ Trotter, Jake (February 9, 2015). "Kirby Hocutt to join CFP group". ESPN. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  162. ^ "Division I Women's Basketball". National Collegiate Athletic Association. from the original on August 3, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  163. ^ "Texas Tech win gives Knight historic 880th victory". ESPN. from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  164. ^ Griffin, Tim (June 3, 2008). "Pat Knight proving he's not quite like his father". ESPN. from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  165. ^ "Texas Tech hires Tubby Smith as new coach". The Associated Press. April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  166. ^ "Grant McCasland - Men's Basketball Coach". Texas Tech Red Raiders. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  167. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  168. ^ . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  169. ^ Rose, Rex (February 26, 2014). "Tech breaks Big 12 attendance record, falls to Kansas State". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  170. ^ Schad, Joe (December 12, 2012). "Texas Tech hires Kliff Kingsbury". ESPN. from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  171. ^ "Tuberville to be next coach at Texas Tech". The Daily Toreador. January 9, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  172. ^ Williams, Don (September 9, 2007). . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
  173. ^ The Red Raiders moved to fourth in 2008 when the Michigan Wolverines had a losing season before the Red Raiders snapping the streak with a losing season in 2011.
  174. ^ "Team Records – Most Bowl Appearances". College Football Data Warehouse. from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  175. ^ "Jones AT&T Stadium. Delivered". AT&T. from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  176. ^ Coleman, Adam (August 25, 2008). "Expansion of Jones AT&T Stadium expected to bring more than appeal". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  177. ^ Williams, Don. "Tech rallies funding for stadium's east side". The Dallas Morning News. from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  178. ^ a b . KCBD. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  179. ^ Hartz, Marlena (November 20, 2008). . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
  180. ^ McClure, David (November 19, 2008). "Fundraising Goals Reached for Jones AT&T Stadium Expansion". Texas Tech University. from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
  181. ^ McKee, Catherine (December 14, 2012). "Expansion on Jones AT&T Stadium to begin Jan. 2013". The Daily Toreador. from the original on March 4, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  182. ^ (PDF). Texas Tech University. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
  183. ^ . Texas Tech University Official Athletic Site. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  184. ^ . Texas Tech University Official Athletic Site. Archived from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  185. ^ Coleman, Adam (June 30, 2008). "Larry Hays steps down as Tech baseball's head coach". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  186. ^ . KCBD. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
  187. ^ "Texas Tech University Baseball Players Who Made it to the Major Leagues". Baseball Almanac. from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
  188. ^ Maki, Ben (September 20, 2007). "Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  189. ^ . TexasTech.com. Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  190. ^ . Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  191. ^ . Texas Texas University. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  192. ^ Weddle, Jason (November 12, 2004). "Aggies, Tech renew rivalry". The Daily Texan. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
  193. ^ Zimmer, Kellen (November 15, 2001). . Archived from the original on September 8, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
  194. ^ Smits, Garry (December 26, 2007). . The Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2006.
  195. ^ Ritz, Jennifer. . Texas Techsan Magazine. Archived from the original on October 23, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
  196. ^ Wolfe, Angel (September 11, 2000). "Rider stands larger than life: A new statue dedicated to the history of the Masked Rider finds its home". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  197. ^ Gulick, Joe (May 4, 2008). . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  198. ^ "Raider Red". Texas Tech University. from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  199. ^ "Carol of Lights". Texas Tech University. from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
  200. ^ a b "50 Years of Shining Bright". Texas Tech Today. December 2, 2008. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2010.
  201. ^ "Carol of Lights". Texas Tech University. from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  202. ^ "Double T Symbol". Texas Tech University. from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
  203. ^ (PDF). Texas Tech University. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  204. ^ Hooks, Michael Q. "Will and Soapsuds" (PDF). Southwest Collection. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  205. ^ . Lubbock Centennial. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  206. ^ Monahan, Stephen (August 29, 2006). "How to Live as a Raider in 12 Big Ways". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  207. ^ a b c "Will Rogers & Soapsuds". Texas Tech University. from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  208. ^ Schmenner, Drew (July 28, 2008). "Ten things you didn't know about Texas Tech". Missourian. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  209. ^ "Texas Tech, Will Rogers and the legend of A&M".
  210. ^ "Will Rogers Statue Disses A&M ... And UT? The Myth Raiders Get the Truth on this Texas Tech Belief". YouTube.
  211. ^ "TTAA Class Ring & Ceremony". Texas Tech University. from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  212. ^ . Texas Tech Alumni Association. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  213. ^ "Texas Tech Alumni Association". Texas Tech University. from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  214. ^ Page, Eric (November 7, 1999). "Demetrio Lakas, 74, Panama Leader Who Had Role in Shaping Canal Pacts". The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  215. ^ . Texas Tech Alumni Association. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  216. ^ "Governor Daniel I.J. Thornton Collection". Colorado State Archives. from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  217. ^ "New Mexico Governor John Burroughs". National Governor's Association. from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  218. ^ "Preston Smith Bio". Texas State Archive. from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  219. ^ Representatives, Texas House of. "Texas House of Representatives". www.house.texas.gov. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  220. ^ Goldstein, Richard (March 21, 2005). "George H. O'Brien Jr., 78, Marine Awarded Medal of Honor, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  221. ^ . United States Army. Archived from the original on November 25, 2006. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
  222. ^ . AT&T Inc. Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  223. ^ . Forbes. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  224. ^ "Dunia Shive: Executive Profile and Biography". BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  225. ^ Murphy, Tom (February 26, 2007). "WellPoint CEO choice surprises some". The Boston Globe. from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  226. ^ Mero, Jenny (April 24, 2008). . Fortune. Archived from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  227. ^ "Zach Thomas Profile". National Football League. from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  228. ^ "Wes Welker Profile". National Football League. from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  229. ^ "John Denver killed in plane crash". CNN. October 13, 1997. from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  230. ^ Dechert, Renee (December 26, 2002). . Pop Matters. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  231. ^ "Biography for George Eads". TV Guide. from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  232. ^ . lubbockcentennial.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013.
  233. ^ . Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2008.

Further reading edit

  • Ruth Horn Andrews, The First Thirty Years: A History Of Texas Technological College, 1925–1955. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech Press, 1956.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Texas Tech University.

January 01, 1970
texas, tech, university, university, system, system, texas, tech, tech, public, research, university, lubbock, texas, established, october, 1923, called, texas, technological, college, until, 1969, flagship, institution, five, institution, system, fall, 2023, . For the university system see Texas Tech University System Texas Tech University Texas Tech Tech or TTU is a public research university in Lubbock Texas Established on October 2 1923 and called Texas Technological College until 1969 it is the flagship institution of the five institution Texas Tech University System As of Fall 2023 the university enrolled 40 944 students 8 making it the sixth largest university in Texas Over 25 of its undergraduate student population identifies as Hispanic so the university has been designated a Hispanic serving institution HSI 11 Texas Tech UniversityFormer namesTexas Technological College 1923 1969 Motto From here it s possible 1 TypePublic research university 2 EstablishedFebruary 10 1923 101 years ago 1923 02 10 Parent institutionTexas Tech University SystemAccreditationSACSAcademic affiliationsORAUUCARURAUSUSpace grantEndowment 1 08 billion 2023 TTU only 3 1 78 billion 2023 system wide 3 Budget 1 25 billion FY2024 4 ChancellorTedd L Mitchell 5 PresidentLawrence Schovanec 6 Academic staff2 094 Fall 2023 7 Students40 944 Fall 2023 8 Undergraduates32 806 Fall 2023 8 Postgraduates8 138 Fall 2023 8 LocationLubbock Texas United States33 35 02 N 101 52 41 W 33 584 N 101 878 W 33 584 101 878CampusLarge city 9 1 839 acres 744 ha NewspaperThe Daily ToreadorColorsScarlet and black 10 NicknameRed RaidersLady RaidersSporting affiliationsNCAA Division I FBS Big 12MascotMasked RiderRaider RedWebsitewww wbr ttu wbr edu The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers and institutes Texas Tech University has awarded over 200 000 degrees since 1927 including over 40 000 graduate and professional degrees Texas Tech is classified among R1 Doctoral Universities Very high research activity 12 Research projects in the areas of epidemiology pulsed power grid computing classics nanophotonics atmospheric sciences and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports The Red Raiders football team has made 40 bowl appearances which is 17th most of any university The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament Bob Knight who has the fifth most wins as a head coach in men s NCAA Division I basketball history served as the team s head coach from 2001 to 2008 The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament In 1999 Texas Tech s Goin Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy which is awarded to recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence Contents 1 History 1 1 Establishment 1 2 Expansion and growth 1 3 Recent history 2 Centennial Celebration 3 Academics 3 1 Colleges and schools 3 2 Research 3 3 Online and regional learning programs 4 Campus 5 Student life 6 Athletics 6 1 Mascots 7 Traditions 7 1 Carol of Lights 7 2 Double T 7 3 Will Rogers and Soapsuds 7 4 Texas Tech ring 8 Notable alumni 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory editMain article History of Texas Tech University Establishment edit nbsp Administration Building circa 1925 The call to open a college in West Texas began shortly after settlers arrived in the area in the 1880s 13 14 In 1917 the Texas legislature passed a bill creating a branch of Texas A amp M to be in Abilene 15 However the bill was repealed two years later during the next session after it was discovered Governor James E Ferguson had falsely reported the site committee s choice of location After new legislation passed in the state house and senate in 1921 Governor Pat Neff vetoed it citing hard financial times in West Texas Furious about Neff s veto some in West Texas went so far as to recommend West Texas secede from the state 16 In 1923 the legislature decided rather than a branch campus a new university would better serve the region s needs under legislation co authored by State Senator William H Bledsoe of Lubbock and State Representative Roy Alvin Baldwin of Slaton in southern Lubbock County 17 On February 10 1923 Neff signed the legislation creating Texas Technological College and in July of that year a committee began searching for a site 16 When the committee s members visited Lubbock they were overwhelmed to find residents lining the streets to show support for hosting the institution 18 19 That August Lubbock was chosen on the first ballot over other area towns including Floydada Plainview Big Spring and Sweetwater 18 Construction of the college campus began on November 1 1924 14 Ten days later the cornerstone of the Administration Building was laid in front of 20 000 people Speakers at the event included Governor Pat Neff Amon G Carter Reverend E E Robinson Colonel Ernest O Thompson and Representative Richard M Chitwood the chairman of the House Education Committee who became the first Texas Tech business manager Chitwood served in the position only fifteen months he died in November 1926 20 With an enrollment of 914 students both men and women Texas Technological College opened for classes on October 1 1925 21 22 23 It was originally composed of four schools Agriculture Engineering Home Economics and Liberal Arts 17 Military training was conducted at the college as early as 1925 but formal Reserve Officers Training Corps training did not start until 1936 By 1939 the school s enrollment had grown to 3 890 Although enrollment declined during World War II Texas Tech trained 4 747 men in its armed forces training detachments 17 Following the war in 1946 the college saw its enrollment leap to 5 366 from a low of 1 696 in 1943 24 Expansion and growth edit nbsp Administration Building By the 1960s the school had expanded its offerings to more than just technical subjects 25 The Faculty Advisory Committee suggested changing the name to Texas State University feeling the phrase Technological College did not define the institution s scope 26 While most students supported this change the Board of Directors and many alumni wanting to preserve the Double T opposed it 27 Other names University of the Southwest Texas Technological College and State University 28 and The Texas University of Art Science and Technology were considered 29 but the Board of Directors chose Texas Tech University submitting it to the state legislature in 1964 A failed move by Governor John Connally to have the school placed into the Texas A amp M University System as well as continued disagreement and heated debate over the school s new name kept the name change from being approved 25 26 In spite of objections by many students and faculty the Board of Directors again submitted the change in 1969 It finally received the legislature s approval on June 6 and the name Texas Tech University went into effect that September 29 All of the institution s schools except Law became colleges 17 30 Texas Tech was integrated in 1961 when three African American students were admitted After its initial rejection of the students enrollment and the threat of a lawsuit the university enacted a policy to admit all qualified applicants regardless of color 31 The university offered its first athletic scholarship to a black student in 1967 when Danny Hardaway was recruited to play for the Red Raiders football team 32 In 1970 Hortense W Dixon became the first African American student to earn a doctorate from the university 33 In 1972 Charles Henry became the first full time African American faculty member 34 In the 1960s and 1970s the university invested US 150 million in the campus to construct buildings for the library foreign languages social sciences communications philosophy electrical and petroleum engineering art and architecture Some other buildings were significantly expanded 35 On May 29 1969 the 61st Texas Legislature created the Texas Tech University School of Medicine 36 The Texas Legislature expanded the medical school charter in 1979 creating the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center TTUHSC which is now part of the Texas Tech University System includes Schools of Allied Health Sciences Medicine Nursing Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences It has locations in four Texas cities in addition to the main campus in Lubbock 37 In 2011 the combined enrollment in the Texas Tech University System was greater than 42 000 students a 48 increase since 2000 Chancellor Kent Hance reiterated plans for Texas Tech s main campus to reach enrollment of 40 000 students by 2020 with additional 5 000 students at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and 10 000 students at Angelo State University 38 Recent history edit nbsp Texas Tech s Humanities Building with architecture influenced by English manors faces a building of similar style for the College of Education In 1996 the Board of Regents of Texas Tech University created the Texas Tech University System Former State Senator John T Montford later of San Antonio was selected as the first chancellor to lead the combined academic enterprise 39 Regents Chair Edward Whitacre Jr stated the move was made due to the institution s size and complexity It s time he said to take the university into the 21st century 35 The Texas Tech University system originally included Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center On November 6 2007 the voters of Texas approved an amendment to the Texas Constitution realigning Angelo State University with the Texas Tech University System 40 Kent Hance a Texas Tech graduate who had served as United States Representative and as one of the three elected members of the Texas Board which regulates the oil and gas industry assumed the duties of chancellor on December 1 2006 41 Although growth continued at Texas Tech the university was not immune to controversy In 2003 a third year student at the Texas Tech School of Law filed suit against the university over its policy on free speech zones which restricted student speech to a single free speech gazebo 42 The following year a federal judge declared the policy unconstitutional 42 43 44 To meet the demands of its increased enrollment and expanding research the university has invested more than 548 million in new construction since 2000 It has also received more than 65 9 million in private donations 35 In April 2009 the Texas House of Representatives passed a bill to increase state funding for seven public universities Texas Tech University is classified by the state as an Emerging Research University and is among the universities that will receive additional state funding for advancement toward Tier 1 status Three funds the Research University Development Fund the Texas Research Incentive Program and the National Research University Benchmark Fund have been established and will provide 500 million in grants and matching funds during fiscal years 2010 and 2011 45 On September 2 2009 the university announced it had received private gifts totaling 24 3 million Of these 21 5 million are eligible for match under the Texas Research Incentive Program 46 In late 2011 and throughout 2012 13 construction began on several new buildings on campus 47 The construction included a new 20 million Petroleum Engineering and Research building a new building to house the Rawls College of Business two new residence halls a 3 5 million chapel and extensive remodeling of the building that previously housed the Rawls College of Business 47 In 2021 construction began on the new 100 million 125 000 square foot Academic Sciences Building 48 The university system s endowment reached 1 043 billion in March 2014 surpassing one billion dollars for the first time 49 Centennial Celebration editTexas Tech celebrated its centennial with a year long schedule of events The centennial kickoff was on December 2 2022 at the annual Carol of Lights with a conclusion at the 2023 Carol of Lights Academics editMain article Texas Tech University academics Academic rankingsNationalARWU 50 118 144Forbes 51 159U S News amp World Report 52 216 tie Washington Monthly 53 215WSJ College Pulse 54 203GlobalARWU 55 501 600QS 56 801 850THE 57 601 800U S News amp World Report 58 472 tie By enrollment Texas Tech is the sixth largest university in Texas and the largest institution of higher education in the western two thirds of the state In the Fall 2014 semester Texas Tech set a record enrollment with 35 134 students 59 For the 2014 enrollment year most students came from Texas 95 17 followed by New Mexico California Colorado Oklahoma and Florida 60 Altogether the university has educated students from all 50 US states and over 100 foreign countries 61 Enrollment has continued to increase in recent years and growth is on track with a plan to have 40 000 students by 2020 62 From 1927 to 2011 the university awarded 173 551 bachelor s 34 541 master s 5 906 doctoral and 7 092 law degrees 63 The 2023 U S News amp World Report rankings listed the university at 216th nationally and 116th amongst public schools The 2013 Shanghai Jiao Tong Rankings placed Texas Tech University at 401 worldwide which tied it with fellow Big 12 schools Oklahoma and Kansas State among others 64 The Princeton Review ranked Texas Tech among the 125 best colleges in the Western United States in its 2015 edition 65 In 2010 the Wall Street Journal ranked the university 18th in its ranking of graduate desirability for job recruiters 66 Three of the university s undergraduate programs are ranked by PayScale as in the top 20 nationally in mid career salary Art Physical and Life Sciences and Education 67 In its 2015 edition U S News amp World Report noted the university has a selective undergraduate admissions policy 68 As a public university Texas Tech is subject to Texas House Bill 588 which guarantees Texas high school seniors in the top 10 of their graduating class admission to any public Texas university In 2012 20 3 of incoming freshmen were admitted in this manner About half of incoming freshmen finished in the top quarter of their graduating classes 69 In 2016 the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education listed Texas Tech among 115 most prominent research schools commonly known as Carnegie Tier One 70 71 Texas Tech University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 72 The university offers 150 bachelor s 104 master s and 59 doctoral degree programs 73 Texas Tech has five satellite campuses in Texas in Abilene Amarillo Fredericksburg Highland Lakes and Junction 74 Texas Tech also has a satellite campus in Europe in Seville Spain and one in Escazu San Jose Costa Rica 75 Additional study abroad programs are offered in various countries such as Denmark England France and Italy 76 The Office of International Affairs supports and facilitates the international mission of Texas Tech University It provides services for faculty and students offers international educational and cultural experiences for the school and community and contributes to the university s globalization process and its effort to grow as an international educational and research center The International Cultural Center provides a continual series of conferences lectures art exhibitions and performances 77 Colleges and schools edit Texas Tech has expanded from its original four schools to comprise ten colleges and two schools 73 In the 2015 U S News amp World Report report on higher education the Whitacre College of Engineering was ranked 94th in the nation 78 In 2009 the college s Petroleum Engineering Department was ranked 10th best in the nation 79 80 The college offers 11 engineering programs accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology 81 On November 12 2008 following a 25 million gift from AT amp T in honor of alumnus Edward Whitacre Jr the college was formally renamed the Edward E Whitacre Jr College of Engineering 82 nbsp Chemistry Building The largest academic division on campus the College of Arts amp Sciences offers bachelor s master s and doctoral degrees in a wide range of subjects from philosophy to mathematics In 2004 the College of Mass Communications and the College of Visual amp Performing Arts were created from programs organized within the College of Arts and Sciences The College of Mass Communications changed its name to the College of Media amp Communication in 2012 and offers degrees in several areas including advertising journalism and electronic media and public relations The College of Visual amp Performing Arts was renamed in honor of the contributions by the J T amp Margaret Talkington Foundation in 2016 Programs offered through Talkington College are accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design the National Association of Schools of Music and the National Association of Schools of Theatre 83 Once the Division of Home Economics the College of Human Sciences now offers degrees in applied and professional studies design human development nutrition hospitality and retailing The College of Human Sciences Department of Personal Financial Planning was ranked in 2011 as the top program out of ten standout programs by the industry newsletter Financial Planning 84 The Huckabee College of Architecture founded in 1927 offers programs accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board 85 The Rawls College of Business which is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business is the university s business school 86 The college offers bachelor s master s and doctoral degrees in business disciplines 87 88 In its 2016 Best Grad Schools rankings U S News amp World Report ranked the graduate business program 91st in the United States 89 The college s health organization management degree program was ranked 41st From its origin in 1942 the business school was known as the Division of Commerce until it was renamed the College of Business Administration in 1956 In 2000 following a 25 million gift from alumnus Jerry S Rawls the college was formally renamed the Jerry S Rawls College of Business Administration 17 nbsp Architecture Building In 1967 both the College of Education and the Texas Tech University School of Law were founded The College of Education instructs future teachers and is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education The School of Law is an American Bar Association accredited law school on the main campus in Lubbock and came in 2nd statewide in the 2013 Bar Examination pass rate with 95 45 percent 83 90 The school offers Juris Doctor degrees which can be earned in conjunction with Master of Business Administration or Master of Science degrees through the adjacent Rawls College of Business All graduate programs offered at Texas Tech University are overseen by the Graduate School which was officially established in 1954 The university s Honors College allows select students to design a customized curriculum that incorporates a broad range of disciplines and offers students the opportunity for early admission into Texas Tech University s medical and law schools In September 2008 the University College was established Formerly known as the College of Outreach and Distance Education the college was created by bringing together the Division of Off Campus Sites and the Division of Outreach and Distance Education 91 Texas Tech s six in state satellite campuses are under the auspices of the college Additionally it oversees the Texas Tech University Independent School District 92 The Texas Tech University System also operates a medical school the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center It offers Schools of Allied Health Sciences Biomedical Sciences Medicine Nursing and Pharmacy While it is a discrete entity separate from Texas Tech University it offers joint degrees such as MD MBA through coordination with the university Further the Health Sciences Center is on the university s main campus in Lubbock In addition to the Lubbock campus TTUHSC has campuses in Abilene Amarillo El Paso Dallas and Odessa Research edit nbsp Texas Tech in collaboration with Harvard University has developed a treatment that may be a cure for HIV Classified by the Carnegie Foundation in 2016 as one of only 115 research universities with highest activity 93 Texas Tech University hosts 71 research centers and institutes 94 According to the National Science Foundation Texas Tech had 226 7 million in research development funding and expenditures ranking Texas Tech 120th in the nation 95 In 2008 a team of researchers from Texas Tech University and Harvard University announced the development of an siRNA based treatment that may ultimately counteract the human immunodeficiency virus HIV Human cells infected with HIV injected into rats have been cured by the experimental treatment Clinical trials on humans are expected to begin by 2010 96 97 98 Texas Tech researchers also hold the exclusive license for HemoTech a human blood substitute composed of bovine hemoglobin HemoBioTech the company marketing the technology believes HemoTech will diminish the intrinsic toxicities that have stifled previous attempts to develop a human blood substitute 99 On January 14 2008 Texas Tech University announced the creation of the West Texas Influenza Research Center The university has concluded human clinical testing of oral interferon in a five year study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and continues its study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 100 Following the May 11 1970 Lubbock Tornado that caused 26 fatalities and over 785 million 2013 dollars in damage in Lubbock the National Wind Institute formerly the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center or WISE was established The National Wind Institute Center which includes 56 000 square feet 5 200 m2 of indoor laboratory space is focused on research education and information outreach 101 The interdisciplinary research program studies methods to exploit the beneficial qualities of wind and to mitigate its detrimental effects The center offers education in wind science and engineering to develop professionals who are experts in creating designs which deal effectively with problems caused by high winds The Center instituted the nation s first Ph D program in Wind Science and Engineering in 2003 102 National Wind Institute researchers contributed significantly to the development of the Enhanced Fujita Scale for rating the strength of tornadoes 103 nbsp Texas Tech alumnus Rick Husband was the final commander of Space Shuttle Columbia Texas Tech has made many contributions to NASA projects Daniel Cooke Computer Science Department Chair and his colleagues are working to develop the technical content of the Intelligent Systems Program and have been awarded a five year budget valued at 350 million 104 University scientists have also teamed with NASA s guidance navigation and control engineers to develop the Onboard Abort Executive OAE software capable of quickly deciding the best course of action during an ascent failure 105 106 The Texas Tech Space Research Initiative has also partnered with NASA to perfect methods for growing fresh vegetables in space and to determine the most efficient ways to recycle wastewater 107 In November 1996 the university dedicated the Charles A Bassett II Pulse Laboratory to honor engineering alumnus and Gemini era astronaut Charles A Bassett II 108 In total Texas Tech has helped to produce five astronauts including Bassett Paul Lockhart and Rick Husband Husband was commander of STS 107 the final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia 109 110 111 Note 1 In 2008 the pulsed power electronics laboratory received 4 million in federal funding Among other things the money will be used to create compact generators for weapon systems designed to destroy improvised explosive devices IEDs 112 The College of Engineering s Nano Tech Center has received approximately 20 million in grants toward its work in applied nanophotonics the creation and manipulation of advanced materials at the nanoscale that can produce and sense light 113 Texas Tech s Center for Advanced Analytics and Business Intelligence performs grid computing research through collaboration with the SAS Institute that seeks to improve the speed with which large quantities of data such as those present in genomics and global economics can be processed 114 Texas Tech s College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources has received state and federal grants for research projects including the fiber properties of cotton the antibacterial properties of cotton fabric and the development of chemical warfare protective fabrics 115 The college has also created two grass variants Shadow Turf a drought tolerant turf grass that thrives in shade and Tech Turf marketed as Turffalo a turf grass with the rich color and texture of Bermuda and the resilience of buffalo grass 116 117 Online and regional learning programs edit Texas Tech offers online and regional programs in addition to programs offered on the main campus 118 There are programs that are fully online hybrid blended and at regional sites The university offers bachelor s master s and doctoral degrees as well as a graduate certification preparation program at the regional sites of El Paso Fredericksburg Highland Lakes Center at Junction and Waco Texas Tech s online engineering program also gained recognition from U S News amp World Report ranking 20th on their list of the best graduate online engineering programs 119 Campus editSee also List of Texas Tech University buildings and Texas Technological College Historic District nbsp Southwest Collection Special Collections Library The Lubbock campus is home to the main academic university law school and medical school Health Sciences Center It is one of two institutions the other being UT Austin in Texas to have a graduate school law school and medical school on its main campus 120 121 The campus which boasts Spanish Renaissance architecture was described by American author James A Michener as the most beautiful west of the Mississippi until you get to Stanford and by Stewart Mandel of Sports Illustrated as easily one of the ten most beautiful campuses he had seen 122 123 124 125 Many buildings on campus borrow architectural elements from those found at University de Alcala in Alcala de Henares Spain and Mission San Jose in San Antonio 126 A large section of the campus built between 1924 and 1951 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Texas Technological College Historic District This area is roughly bounded by 6th Street on the north University Avenue on the east 19th Street on the south and Flint Street on the west 127 In 2008 the Professional Grounds Management Society awarded Texas Tech the Grand Award for excellence in grounds keeping and merit awards in 2007 2010 and 2014 128 In 1998 the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System created the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection to enliven the campus environment and extend the university s educational mission It is funded by using one percent of the estimated total cost of each new building on campus 129 The collection features pieces from artists such as Tom Otterness and Glenna Goodacre Public Art Review has ranked the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection among the ten best university public art collections in the United States 130 131 nbsp Pfluger Fountain The university also hosts the Museum of Texas Tech University which was founded in 1929 and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums 132 The museum is home to over eight million objects and specimens and houses the Moody Planetarium art galleries a sculpture court and a natural science research laboratory It also operates the Val Verde County research site and the Lubbock Lake Landmark 133 an archaeological site and natural history preserve in the city of Lubbock The site has evidence of 12 000 years of use by ancient cultures on the Llano Estacado Southern High Plains and allows visitors to watch active archaeological digs Visiting scientists and tourists may also participate in the discovery process Lubbock Lake Landmark is a National Historic Landmark which lists it on the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated State Archaeological Landmark 134 Texas Tech is also the location of the Southwest Collection of historical archives and the sponsoring institution of the West Texas Historical Association 135 Located on the northern edge of the campus is the National Ranching Heritage Center a museum of ranching history The site spans 27 5 acres 0 111 km2 and is home to 38 historic structures that have been restored to their original condition Structures represented at the center include a linecamp a dugout a bunkhouse a blacksmith shop a cowchip house a schoolhouse corrals shipping pens windmills chuckwagons and a coal burning locomotive 136 The university maintains a number of libraries some general purpose and some dedicated to specific topics such as architecture and law Among the most notable of these are the Southwest Collection Special Collections Library and the Vietnam Center and Archive the nation s largest and most comprehensive collections of information on the Vietnam War 137 On August 17 2007 the Vietnam Center and Archive became the first US institution to sign a formalized exchange agreement with the State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam This opens the door for a two way exchange between the entities 138 139 Student life editStudent body composition as of May 2 2022 Race and ethnicity 140 Total White 54 54 Hispanic 29 29 Black 6 6 Other a 5 5 Asian 3 3 Foreign national 2 2 Economic diversity Low income b 24 24 Affluent c 76 76 nbsp Goin Band from Raiderland There are over 516 student clubs and organizations at Texas Tech 141 Many students participate in Greek Life 142 Texas Tech Greek Life includes 12 Panhellenic Sororities and 24 2 InterFraternity Council Fraternities as well as groups in the National Pan Hellenic Council NPHC and Multicultural Greek Council MGC 143 The Student Union Building located centrally on campus is the hub of daily student activity It houses restaurants coffee shops a book store meeting rooms lecture halls movie rooms and study areas as well as the offices and meeting rooms of several student organizations and the Student Government Association Directly next to the Student Union Building is the School of Music home of the Texas Tech Goin Band from Raiderland The 450 member band which was awarded the Sudler Trophy in 1999 performs at all home football games and other events 144 Approximately 20 of students live on campus and most students live on campus for at least a portion of their academic careers 145 146 Students with fewer than 30 hours of academic credit are required to live in university housing unless they receive an exemption Specific residence halls and communities exist for graduate students athletes and various specific interests and academic disciplines Every resident on campus is a member of the Texas Tech Residence Hall Association which provides various on campus programming and leadership opportunities RHA is led by an Executive Board and Senate with student representatives from each residence hall The organization is also a member of the South West Affiliate of College and Universities Residence Halls 147 nbsp Student Union Building International honor societies Phi Beta Kappa liberal arts and sciences Delta Epsilon Psi Beta Gamma Sigma business and Tau Beta Pi engineering have chapters at the university 148 149 150 Professional service and social fraternities and sororities on campus include Alpha Phi Omega service Alpha Kappa Psi business Delta Sigma Pi business Alpha Omega Epsilon engineering Phi Alpha Delta law Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music Kappa Kappa Psi band and Tau Beta Sigma band 151 152 153 154 155 Professional development and research organizations hosted by the university include the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program the Center for the Integration of Science Education and Research the Society of Engineering Technologists Student Bar Association and the Texas Tech Forensic Union Texas Tech is also the only Power Five university in Texas that is a Hispanic serving Institution 156 Spirit organizations representing Texas Tech include the High Riders Saddle Tramps and the Sabre Flight Drill Team The university maintains KTXT FM 88 1 formerly a student radio station focusing on alternative indie rock industrial and hip hop music After 47 years the station went off the air on December 10 2008 157 It returned in May 2009 with a different format and plans to eventually return to its former style 158 National Public Radio station KTTZ FM 89 1 which features classical music and news is also found on campus Additionally the university owns and operates Public Broadcasting Service television station KTTZ TV Students run a daily newspaper The Daily Toreador until 2005 known as The University Daily The university also produces a yearbook La Ventana Athletics editMain article Texas Tech Red Raiders and Lady Raiders See also Texas Tech Lady Raiders basketball Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball Texas Tech Red Raiders men s basketball Texas Tech Red Raiders cross country Texas Tech Red Raiders football Texas Tech Red Raiders golf and Texas Tech Red Raiders track and field Texas Tech s athletic teams are known as the Red Raiders with the exception of the women s basketball team which is known as the Lady Raiders Texas Tech competes in NCAA Division I FBS formerly Division I A and is a member of the Big 12 Conference From 1932 until 1956 the university belonged to the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association After being rejected eight times over more than 20 years the Southwest Conference admitted Texas Tech on May 12 1956 159 When the Southwest Conference disbanded in 1995 Texas Tech along with the University of Texas at Austin Texas A amp M University and Baylor University merged with schools from the former Big Eight Conference to form the Big 12 160 Athletic Director Kirby Hocutt is a member of the College Football Playoff committee 161 Texas Tech varsity teams have won two NCAA national titles most recently the men s outdoor track and field championship in 2019 while the Lady Raiders basketball team won the school s first ever title in 1993 nbsp Red Raiders in action in 2007 The Texas Tech Lady Raiders led by player Sheryl Swoopes and head coach Marsha Sharp won the 1993 NCAA Division I Women s Basketball Championship 162 The men s basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Men s Division I Tournament Bob Knight served as men s basketball coach from the beginning of the 2001 season until February 4 2008 On January 1 2007 he set the record for most coaching victories in men s NCAA Division I basketball history when the Red Raiders defeated the New Mexico Lobos 70 68 163 Upon Knight s retirement his son Pat Knight became the head coach of the team for several seasons until Billy Gillispie replaced him 164 In 2013 Tubby Smith replaced Gillispie 165 After Tubby Smith s departure in 2016 Chris Beard an assistant under Bob Knight came aboard Beard quickly achieved national attention leading the team to its first Elite Eight appearance in just his second season He led the Red Raiders to the Final Four in his third year losing in the National Championship game to Virginia The Red Raiders current head coach is Grant McCasland 166 Since 1999 Texas Tech has played home basketball games at United Spirit Arena a 15 020 seat multipurpose facility which cost 113 million in 2023 dollars 167 to build 168 In addition to serving as home to the men s and women s basketball teams the Red Raider volleyball team uses the arena Texas Tech students broke the Big 12 Conference record for student attendance at the United Spirit Arena during a February 25 2014 loss to Kansas State The record of 6 086 students fell less than 2 000 short of the national record 169 The Red Raiders football team is a member of the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision formerly known as Division I A and is coached by Joey McGuire 170 171 Throughout the 2000s then head coach Mike Leach lead the team to national prominence In 14 of its last 15 seasons the Red Raiders have finished with a winning record the fourth longest such streak in the nation at the time 172 173 The Red Raiders have made 36 bowl appearances which is 17th most of any university 174 From 1932 to 1956 as members of the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association the Red Raiders won eight conference championships and one co championship the most held by a Border Conference member After joining the Southwest Conference the Red Raiders added conference co championships in 1976 and 1994 160 nbsp Jones AT amp T Stadium west side facade Jones AT amp T Stadium is home to the Red Raiders football team The stadium named for Clifford B and Audrey Jones opened in 1947 and has a capacity of 60 454 In 2000 the stadium was renamed Jones SBC Stadium after SBC Communications made a 30 million contribution to the university Following SBC Communications acquisition of AT amp T Corporation in 2006 and its subsequent adoption of the AT amp T name the stadium was renamed Jones AT amp T Stadium 175 The stadium s original seating capacity was 27 000 but it was expanded in 1959 1972 2003 2009 2010 and 2013 On August 7 2008 the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System announced a 25 million expansion project 176 The expansion added a Spanish Renaissance themed facade to the stadium s east side In addition to the improvements to the facility s exterior the expansion added 1 000 general admission seats 550 club seats and 26 suites 177 Texas Tech allocated 19 million to the expansion and added another 6 million through fund raising initiatives 178 On November 20 2008 university officials announced the project s fundraising goal had been exceeded 179 The expansion groundbreaking ceremonies took place on November 29 2008 and construction was completed before the 2009 football season 178 180 In January 2013 construction added another 368 seats in the north endzone and two observation decks The 11 million project also includes a significantly upgraded jumbotron with a new sound system a Spanish Renaissance themed colonnade and a north end zone concourse that connects the two stadium halves Along with the other additions 157 feet of ribbon board will be added on the north end zone more than 160 linear feet in the northeast and northwest corners of the stadium and 94 lineal feet in the south end zone over the athletic offices The construction was completed during the 2013 season 181 The stadium s capacity is 60 862 making it the third largest on campus stadium in Texas 182 The Red Raiders baseball team played its first game in 1925 183 The team has two conference championships two conference tournament championships and has made nine NCAA Division I Baseball Championship tournament appearances 184 Larry Hays coached the team from 1987 to 2008 and compiled a 639 winning percentage 185 Following Hays retirement on June 2 2008 Assistant Coach Dan Spencer was promoted to head coach 186 Dan Spencer was replaced by Tim Tadlock following the 2012 season and made its first appearance in the College World Series in 2013 At least 20 former Red Raiders baseball players have gone on to play in the Major Leagues 187 The team plays its home games at Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park The field renovated in 2012 and on the main campus in Lubbock has a seating capacity of 5 050 188 Texas Tech s track and field teams have been led by head coach Wes Kittley since 2000 Under Kittley the men s team won the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championship in 2019 and has produced seven Olympic medalists 16 national champions over 200 All Americans and 119 Big 12 Champions including Michael Mathieu Sally Kipyego Kennedy Kithuka Shereefa Lloyd Gil Roberts and others 189 In addition to varsity sports the university s Sport Clubs Federation offers 30 recreational and competitive sport clubs including polo rugby union lacrosse fencing and soccer 190 In 2006 Texas Tech beat rival Texas A amp M to win the United States Polo Association National Intercollegiate Championship 191 192 193 Mascots edit The Masked Rider is Texas Tech University s oldest mascot The tradition began in 1936 when ghost riders were dared to circle the field prior to home football games The Masked Rider became an official mascot in 1954 when Joe Kirk Fulton led the team onto the field at the Gator Bowl According to reports from those at the game the crowd sat in stunned silence as they watched Fulton and his horse Blackie rush onto the football field followed by the team After a few moments the silent crowd burst into cheers Ed Danforth a writer for the Atlanta Journal who witnessed the event later wrote No team in any bowl game ever made a more sensational entrance 194 195 In 2000 The Masked Rider tradition was commemorated with the unveiling of a statue outside of the university s Frazier Alumni Pavilion The sculpture created by artist Grant Speed is 25 larger than life 196 Today the Masked Rider with guns up leads the team onto the field for all home games This mascot adorned in a distinctive gaucho hat like those worn by members of the marching band is one of the most visible figures at Texas Tech Texas Tech s other mascot Raider Red is a more recent creation Beginning with the 1971 football season the Southwest Conference forbade the inclusion of live animal mascots to away games unless the host school consented For situations where the host school did not want to allow the Masked Rider s horse an alternative mascot was needed Jim Gaspard a member of the Saddle Tramps student spirit organization created the original design for the Raider Red costume basing it on a character created by cartoonist Dirk West a Texas Tech alumnus and former Lubbock mayor 197 Although the Masked Rider s identity is public knowledge it has always been tradition that Raider Red s student alter ego is kept secret until the end of his or her tenure 198 The student serving as Raider Red is a member of the Saddle Tramps or High Riders Traditions editMain article Texas Tech University traditions Carol of Lights edit nbsp Carol of Lights The Carol of Lights is an annual event sponsored by the Residence Halls Association traditionally held the first Friday in December to celebrate the holiday season The event begins with a carillon concert from the 43 bells in the west tower of the Administration Building followed a torch light processional by the Saddle Tramps and High Riders spirit organizations The Texas Tech Trombone Choir and combined choirs lead the crowd in singing carols and the illumination ceremony culminates with a soloist performance of O Holy Night in the Science Quadrangle This is followed by the lighting ceremony where 13 buildings within the Texas Technological College Historic District are illuminated with the over 25 000 red white and orange lights 199 The lights remain on the campus buildings until the first week when students come back from the holiday break 200 In 1959 Texas Tech University Board of Directors member Harold Hinn planned and provided the funding to cover the Science Quadrangle and Administration Building with 5 000 lights However students were away on Christmas break and did not see the display The following year the Residence Hall Association sponsored the event under the name Christmas Sing In 1961 the event was renamed Carol of Lights and the display increased to 16 000 lights 201 The tradition has since grown to include decorations like the 38 foot lighted Christmas tree 3 000 luminaries lining the sidewalks of Memorial Circle and a 21 foot fresh pine wreath hung on the Physics Geosciences building built by Women s Service Organization 200 Double T edit Main article Double T nbsp Double T The most readily identified symbol of Texas Tech is the Double T The logo generally attributed to Texas Tech s first football coach E Y Freeland was first used as decoration on the sweaters for the football players 202 The Double T existed in its original form as an official logo from 1963 to 1999 and was updated in 2000 The new logo maintains the original premise but incorporates three dimensional beveling effects coupled with white trim To recognize the importance of the Double T to Texas Tech the class of 1931 donated the Double T bench By tradition freshmen are not allowed to sit on the bench which is in the courtyard of the Administration Building The logo is further embodied in the Double T neon sign donated by the class of 1938 and affixed to the east side of Jones AT amp T Stadium At the time of its purchase this was reputedly the largest neon sign in existence 203 Will Rogers and Soapsuds edit Main article Riding Into the Sunset nbsp Will Rogers and Soapsuds One of the most well known landmarks on campus is the statue of Will Rogers on his horse Soapsuds The statue entitled Riding Into the Sunset has resided at the center of the campus since it was dedicated on February 16 1950 by Rogers longtime friend Amon G Carter 204 Carter claimed that Texas Tech was the ideal setting for the statue and that it would be an appropriate addition to the traditions and scenery of West Texas 205 The statue estimated to cost 25 000 239 000 in 2013 dollars when it was dedicated stands 9 feet 11 inches 3 02 m and weighs 3 200 pounds 1 500 kg 206 The inscription on the plaque at the base of the statue reads Lovable Old Will Rogers on his favorite horse Soapsuds riding into the Western sunset 207 The statue continues to be a part of school tradition Before every home football game the Saddle Tramps wrap it with red crepe paper a tradition dating back to 1969 and a loss to Texas A amp M after which the statue was found covered in maroon paint in an apparent prank In times of national tragedies the statue has also been wrapped in black crepe paper 207 According to one campus legend taught to students during freshman orientation the statue was originally to be positioned with Will Rogers facing due west so it would appear he was riding into the sunset However that position would cause Soapsuds posterior end to face due east a dubious greeting to visitors entering by the main eastern campus entrance where the statue is placed The horse s rear would also be facing downtown Lubbock potentially insulting the Lubbock business community The legend holds that this problem was solved by Tech s Civil Engineering department who calculated that a 23 turn of Soapsuds head to the north would line up Soapsuds rear end directly toward College Station Texas home of the rival Texas A amp M Aggies 207 208 Modern surveys and satellite imagery have determined the statue s posterior end actually points roughly equidistantly between College Station and Austin home of another rival team the Texas Longhorns 209 210 Texas Tech ring edit While the class ring had occasionally used a universal design by the late 20th century various styles were available In 1999 the university reverted to a single ring design for the university s graduates The new Official Texas Tech Alumni Association Class Ring symbolically captures the essence of Texas Tech with the prominent Double T logo surrounded by the school s full name and date of foundation By tradition undergraduates wear the ring with the Double T logo facing themselves Upon graduation the ring is turned so the logo faces outward One shoulder of the ring displays an image of the Administration Building with the bells which represent victory The other shoulder contains the university seal an American eagle perched above a book representing the church a star representing the State of Texas a key representing home and a lamp representing knowledge These elements are separated by a cross featuring ten cotton bolls one each for Lubbock and its nine surrounding cotton producing counties 211 Notable alumni edit nbsp Colonel Rick Husband Main articles List of Texas Tech University alumni List of Texas Tech University alumni sports List of Texas Tech University faculty and List of Texas Tech University presidents See also Texas Tech Alumni Association The Texas Tech Alumni Association with over 27 000 members operates more than 120 chapters in cities throughout the United States and the world 212 213 Throughout Texas Tech s history faculty alumni and former students have played prominent roles in many different fields Among its Distinguished Alumni is Demetrio B Lakas President of the Republic of Panama from 1969 to 1978 214 215 Three United States Governors Daniel I J Thornton Governor of Colorado from 1951 to 1955 John Burroughs Governor of New Mexico from 1959 to 1961 and Preston Smith Governor of Texas from 1968 to 1972 are graduates of the university 216 217 218 Texas Tech alumni have also served in the Texas Legislature including State Representative Justin Holland from 2017 to present 219 Five astronauts including Rick Husband the final commander of Space Shuttle Columbia and recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor graduated from the university 109 111 Note 1 U S Marine Corps Major and Medal of Honor recipient George H O Brien Jr is a distinguished alumnus 220 Richard E Cavazos is a two time Distinguished Service Cross recipient and the first Hispanic and Mexican American to advance to the rank of four star general in the U S Army 221 United States Air Force Major General Wendy Motlong Masiello one of the highest ranking women in the United States Department of Defense is a 1980 graduate of Texas Tech s Rawls College of Business Administration Alumna Arati Prabhakar the former head of DARPA was the first woman to head the National Institute of Standards and Technology Ginger Kerrick American physicist was the first Hispanic female NASA Flight Director Charles Q Brown Jr is the first African American to be appointed as chief of staff of the United States Air Force and the first African American to lead any branch of the United States Armed Forces Texas Tech s influence on the business world is seen in such people as General Motors Chairman and CEO Edward Whitacre Jr Finisar CEO Jerry S Rawls Belo Corporation CEO Dunia A Shive and ExxonMobil board member Angela Braly ranked by Fortune magazine as the most powerful woman in business 222 223 224 225 226 Scott Pelley anchor and managing editor for CBS Evening News and correspondent for 60 Minutes is a graduate of the College of Media amp Communication Texas Tech alumni have also made contributions to sports music and acting Texas Tech Red Raiders have gone on to play in the NFL NBA WNBA and MLB Two of the most notable football players are Donny Anderson who as a member of the Green Bay Packers when they won Super Bowl I amp Super Bowl II and longtime Miami Dolphins All Pro linebacker Zach Thomas Alumni standouts include 2018 and 2022 NFL MVP and two time All Pro quarterback Patrick Mahomes two time Bilentenkoff Award winning wide receiver Michael Crabtree Danny Amendola and Wes Welker 227 228 Others among the university s alumni are folk rocker John Denver country singer Pat Green mezzo soprano Susan Graham actor Barry Corbin Friday Night Lights actor Brad Leland and actor George Eads 229 230 231 John Hinckley Jr who attempted to assassinate U S President Ronald Reagan in 1981 attended the university sporadically from 1973 to 1980 232 233 See also editList of colleges and universities in TexasNotes edit a b Astronaut Fact Book was last published by NASA in 2013 Joseph Acaba is a 2015 graduate of the College of Education Other consists of Multiracial Americans amp those who prefer to not say The percentage of students who received an income based federal Pell grant intended for low income students The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum References edit Guidelines Tagline Texas Tech University Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved July 11 2008 Young Glenys Texas Tech Achieves Top Rank in Carnegie Research Classification a b As of August 31 2023 Report on TTUS Endowments As of August 31 2023 PDF Texas Tech University System November 16 2023 Retrieved February 20 2024 FY 2024 Consolidated Operating Budget PDF Texas Tech University System October 13 2023 Retrieved February 28 2024 Welcome from the Chancellor Texas Tech University n d Retrieved October 21 2018 Dr Lawrence Schovanec Texas Tech University n d Faculty Headcount by Full Part Time Fall 2023 Institutional Research Texas Tech University March 2024 Retrieved March 12 2024 a b c d Total Enrollment By Level Fall 2023 Institutional Research Texas Tech University October 2023 Retrieved March 12 2024 IPEDS Texas Tech University Primary Colors TTU edu Retrieved September 3 2019 TEXAS TECH ACHIEVES HISPANIC SERVING INSTITUTION ENROLLMENT STATUS Carnegie Classifications Standard Listings carnegieclassifications iu edu Archived from the original on June 11 2020 Retrieved May 27 2020 Hensley Doug August 3 2008 Landing Tech may have been biggest step in Lubbock s first 100 years Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on September 2 2012 Retrieved August 4 2008 a b A History of Legendary Lubbock The Hub City of West Texas PDF Lubbock Chamber of Commerce p 9 Archived from the original PDF on October 25 2007 Retrieved August 8 2008 Mares Lluvia January 27 2006 Abilene home to three distinguished colleges Abilene Reporter News Archived from the original on February 18 2012 Retrieved August 6 2008 a b Tech History Texas Tech University Archived from the original on April 7 2010 Retrieved August 6 2008 a b c d e Handbook of Texas Online Texas Tech University Texas State Historical Association Archived from the original on December 3 2013 Retrieved March 28 2008 a b Texas Tech a Major Part of Hub City History KCBD July 2 2008 Archived from the original on February 19 2012 Retrieved July 31 2008 Reynolds John Three universities power higher education in Lubbock Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on September 8 2012 Retrieved August 6 2008 Texas Tech University Archives Southwest Collection Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved August 20 2008 College of Arts and Sciences Texas Tech University System Archived from the original on August 15 2007 Retrieved August 9 2008 Arenas Jesus June 23 2001 Joining of communities led to Lubbock Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on November 13 2012 Retrieved August 9 2008 Barrick Nolan 1985 Texas Tech The Unobserved Heritage Lubbock Texas Tech University Press p 38 ISBN 978 0 89672 125 8 Raw Enrollment Data Texas Tech University Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved August 22 2008 a b Clark Robert January February 1990 The Name Change Controversy PDF Southwest Collection Retrieved July 31 2008 a b Siegrist Nikki March 3 2003 Tech Traditions Fighting for Change The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 About Us History Texas Tech Alumni Association Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved August 10 2008 Hensley Doug Triumph tragedy in world s spotlight Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on May 16 2013 Retrieved August 10 2008 a b Elizabeth Langton Tech began playing name change game in 50s Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on January 23 2002 Retrieved August 10 2008 General Information Texas Tech University Office of Official Publications Archived from the original on August 29 2013 Retrieved August 12 2008 Shabazz Amilcar 2004 Advancing Democracy African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas Greensboro University of North Carolina Press p 205 ISBN 978 0 8078 5505 8 Scott Sam February 7 1999 Hardaway relates Tech experience Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on September 8 2012 Retrieved August 27 2008 Texas Tech University Archives Graduation Milestones Southwest Collection Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved August 27 2008 Black faculty member appointment announced at Texas Tech University last Friday afternoon West Texas Times April 20 1972 p 1 a b c Welcome to Texas Tech Texas Tech University System Archived from the original on December 20 2007 Retrieved August 20 2008 Texas Tech University Archives Medical School Southwest Collection Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved August 16 2008 Profile Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center PDF Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board Retrieved August 16 2008 Hance Kent February 7 2011 Balancing state s budget requires all do fair share Lubbock Avalanche Journal p A4 Archived from the original on October 3 2012 Retrieved February 10 2011 Scharrer Gary April 23 2008 Perry suggests AT amp T executive for UT chancellor job Houston Chronicle Archived from the original on November 2 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Bill HB 3564 The State of Texas Retrieved August 13 2008 Kent Hance Officially Named Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System Texas Tech University System Retrieved October 30 2013 a b Speech zones and speech code struck down at Texas Tech University Alliance Defense Fund Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 16 2013 Hall Delany June 13 2003 Law student sues Texas Tech over free speech zones Plaintiff claims First Amendment rights were violated by university The Daily Texan Archived from the original on July 14 2007 Retrieved October 30 2013 Hervey Christine April 29 2008 A look at the Free Speech Zone Zone offers a default location to express sometimes unpopular ideas The Del Mar College Foghorn Archived from the original on November 9 2011 Retrieved August 22 2008 Grissom Brandi April 24 2009 Texas House OKs bill to fund tier one competition The El Paso Times Archived from the original on October 31 2013 Retrieved October 13 2013 Post Sally September 2 2009 Texas Tech Announces TRIP Funds Texas Tech University Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved September 3 2009 a b Gonzales Patrick New Additions Mark Texas Tech s Growth Progress Texas Tech University Archived from the original on December 15 2013 Retrieved April 11 2013 Board AJ Media Editorial Our view Tech s Academic Sciences Building will have huge impact Lubbock Avalanche Journal Retrieved July 28 2022 Ursch Blake March 31 2014 Texas Tech System endowment exceeds 1 billion Lubbock Avalanche Journal Retrieved March 31 2014 ShanghaiRanking s 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Retrieved February 10 2024 Forbes America s Top Colleges List 2023 Forbes Retrieved September 22 2023 2023 2024 Best National Universities U S News amp World Report Retrieved September 22 2023 2023 National University Rankings Washington Monthly Retrieved February 10 2024 2024 Best Colleges in the U S The Wall Street Journal College Pulse Retrieved January 27 2024 ShanghaiRanking s 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Retrieved February 10 2024 QS World University Rankings 2024 Top global universities Quacquarelli Symonds Retrieved June 27 2023 World University Rankings 2024 Times Higher Education Retrieved September 27 2023 2022 23 Best Global Universities Rankings U S News amp World Report Retrieved February 25 2023 Cook Chris September 23 2014 Texas Tech Enrollment Figures Shatter Previous Numbers Texas Tech Today Archived from the original on September 24 2014 Retrieved September 24 2014 2014 2015 Factbook PDF ttu edu Texas Tech University Office of Institutional Research Retrieved February 2 2016 This is Texas Tech Texas Tech Official Athletic Site Archived from the original on February 22 2007 Retrieved August 19 2008 Kiely Maggie August 27 2007 Tech enrollment shows increase on track with 2020 goal The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Degree Conferred Since 1927 Texas Tech University Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved May 14 2013 Academic Ranking of Texas Tech University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Archived from the original on October 23 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Gardner Emily Texas Tech Earns Best in the West Rating From The Princeton Review ttu edu Archived from the original on December 30 2015 Retrieved February 2 2016 The Top 25 Recruiter Picks The Wall Street Journal September 13 2010 Archived from the original on March 7 2014 Retrieved April 4 2014 Gardner Emily Texas Tech Programs Rank in College Salary Report Texas Tech Today Texas Tech University Archived from the original on November 12 2014 Retrieved November 14 2014 Texas Tech University profile U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on April 3 2014 Retrieved October 11 2011 Fact Sheet Fall 2007 PDF Texas Tech University Retrieved August 31 2008 Watkins Matthew February 2 2016 Four Texas Colleges Reach Carnegie Tier One Status The Texas Tribune Retrieved April 12 2016 Michael Karen February 3 2016 Texas Tech achieves Tier One Carnegie designation Lubbock Avalanche Journal Retrieved April 12 2016 Institution Details Texas Tech University Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Archived from the original on March 1 2012 Retrieved August 12 2008 a b The Texas Tech Administration Building KCBD Archived from the original on May 3 2012 Retrieved August 17 2008 Casady Michelle August 23 2007 Branching out Tech s roots stretch across Lone Star State The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Academic Support Services Study Abroad Program Texas Tech University Official Publications Archived from the original on August 28 2013 Retrieved August 17 2008 Study Abroad Texas Tech University August 10 2008 Archived from the original on July 1 2013 Retrieved August 10 2008 History amp Facts Texas Tech University August 11 2008 Archived from the original on June 3 2013 Retrieved August 11 2008 Cunningham Amy March 12 2014 Tech programs ranked in top 100 in United States The Daily Toreador Retrieved March 12 2014 Local News Education briefly Lubbock Avalanche Journal April 19 2008 Archived from the original on September 8 2012 Retrieved August 1 2008 Bolls Glenys April 22 2008 4 Tech graduate programs ranked in annual Top 100 The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Accredited Programs List Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology Archived from the original on October 6 2013 Retrieved October 16 2013 Texas Tech Names College of Engineering After Former Regent and AT amp T CEO Edward E Whitacre Jr Texas Tech University November 12 2008 Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved November 12 2008 a b College Navigator Texas Tech University National Center for Education Statistics Archived from the original on August 1 2013 Retrieved August 13 2008 Reed Danielle November 1 2011 Financial Planning Education 101 10 Standout Schools Financial Planning Archived from the original on January 27 2013 Retrieved April 4 2014 Texas Tech University profile National Architecture Accrediting Board Archived from the original on March 6 2012 Retrieved August 14 2008 Texas Tech University Jerry S Rawls College of Business Administration AACSB Retrieved February 28 2009 Bolls Glenys March 22 2007 Business College earns top 50 ranking The Daily Toreador Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved August 1 2008 Texas Tech University Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business March 22 2007 Archived from the original on April 13 2008 Retrieved August 13 2008 The Top Undergraduate Business Programs Business Week March 22 2009 Archived from the original on April 30 2010 Retrieved March 23 2009 February 2013 examination statistics The State of Texas Archived from the original on October 13 2013 Retrieved May 14 2013 Approved Degree Programs Texas Tech University Archived from the original on March 26 2014 Retrieved June 21 2010 Graham Mike September 17 2008 New Tech college seeks to impact West Texas The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Barton Kristen February 2 2016 Tech achieves Tier One Carnegie Designation DailyToreador com The Daily Toreador Retrieved February 2 2016 Centers amp Institutes ttu edu Texas Tech University Office of the Vice President for Research Retrieved February 2 2016 National Science Foundation Retrieved March 22 2024 Texas Tech Researchers May Have Found AIDS Cure KCBD August 7 2008 Archived from the original on March 4 2012 Retrieved August 16 2008 Swaminathan Nikhil August 7 2008 Researchers Silence HIV in Mice Engineered to Be Like Humans Scientific American Retrieved August 16 2008 Researchers halt spread of HIV with RNAi Harvard Medical School Archived from the original on June 6 2012 Retrieved August 16 2008 HemoTech Findings Show Significant Promise For Combating Two Major Complications Involved In Treating Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Business Wire October 4 2007 Retrieved June 29 2015 Texas Tech University to Create the West Texas Influenza Research Center Reuters January 14 2008 Archived from the original on March 7 2008 Retrieved August 16 2008 1970 Tornado Creates the Texas Tech Wind Science and Engineering Center KCBD May 9 2005 Archived from the original on February 19 2012 Retrieved August 14 2008 Ph D in Wind Science amp Engineering National Wind Institute Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 4 2014 EF Scale Training National Weather Service February 11 2008 Archived from the original on June 18 2013 Retrieved August 13 2008 Space Ace Texas Tech University Archived from the original on January 14 2008 Retrieved August 16 2008 CEV abort system gains a brain nasaspaceflight com Archived from the original on November 15 2006 Retrieved August 17 2008 NASA and Texas Tech to Develop New Spacecraft Systems PDF Texas Tech University Archived from the original PDF on February 25 2009 Retrieved August 17 2008 Slaughter Jody November 28 2001 Tech NASA a growing tradition The Daily Toreador Retrieved August 6 2013 Texas Tech University Dedicates Laboratories to Gemini Astronaut Charles A Bassett II NASA Archived from the original on October 26 2012 Retrieved August 16 2008 a b Biographical Data Rick Husband NASA Archived from the original on March 13 2014 Retrieved August 13 2008 Astronaut Bio Paul Lockhart NASA Archived from the original on March 13 2014 Retrieved October 30 2013 a b Astronaut Fact Book PDF National Aeronautics and Space Administration April 2013 Retrieved December 12 2020 Cranford Leslie November 21 2007 Texas Tech Garners 6 6 Million in 2008 Defense Bill Texas Tech Today Archived from the original on November 3 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Gov Perry Announces ETF Investment in Texas Tech Research Program State of Texas Archived from the original on March 29 2012 Retrieved August 16 2008 The power of the grid SAS Institute Archived from the original on April 10 2008 Retrieved August 16 2008 McGowan Matt September 13 2007 Texas Department of Agriculture grants research money to Tech The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 New Texas Tech grass Houston Chronicle Archived from the original on March 1 2012 Retrieved August 17 2008 Tough as Buffalo Green as Grass Texas Tech University Archived from the original on June 19 2013 Retrieved October 16 2013 Online Degrees and Programs from Texas Tech University Archived from the original on January 14 2007 Retrieved January 15 2013 Texas Tech Engineering Program U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 4 2014 Texas Tech University Texas College Guide Archived from the original on May 15 2008 Retrieved August 29 2008 Dell Medical School Welcomes Its First Class Graduate Creative Writing Program Texas Tech University Archived from the original on October 8 2008 Retrieved August 11 2008 Pretty Texas Tech Texas Tech University August 7 2007 Archived from the original on November 3 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Barrick Nolan 1985 Texas Tech The Unobserved Heritage Lubbock Texas Tech University Press p 18 ISBN 978 0 89672 125 8 Mandel Stewart November 1 2008 Touring Texas Tech s picturesque campus Sports Illustrated Archived from the original on May 17 2013 Retrieved November 3 2008 Barrick Nolan 1985 Texas Tech The Unobserved Heritage Lubbock Texas Tech University Press pp 18 23 ISBN 978 0 89672 125 8 Texas Technological College Historic District Texas Historical Commission Retrieved May 1 2019 PGMS Green Star Awards Honoring the Best in Grounds Management Professional Grounds Management Society Archived from the original on October 7 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 University Public Art Collection PDF Texas Tech University System Archived from the original PDF on May 30 2008 Retrieved August 11 2008 Slemmons Scott May 18 2006 Texas Tech Public Art Program Named One of Ten Best Texas Tech University Archived from the original on November 3 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 MIT s campus art collection rated among nation s best Massachusetts Institute of Technology July 26 2006 Archived from the original on February 26 2009 Retrieved August 13 2008 Museum of Texas Tech Receives National Accreditation Texas Tech University October 6 2008 Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved October 6 2008 About the Museum Museum of Texas Tech University May 9 2007 Archived from the original on July 23 2013 Retrieved August 11 2008 Lubbock Lake Landmark Texas Archeological Research Laboratory October 1 2001 Archived from the original on May 14 2014 Retrieved August 13 2008 West Texas Historical Association swco ttu edu Archived from the original on April 14 2014 Retrieved October 9 2009 About National Ranching Heritage Center Archived from the original on July 31 2013 Retrieved March 2 2014 Vietnam Center and Archive Now Available Online Veterans of Foreign Wars Archived from the original on December 1 2008 Retrieved August 11 2008 Kiely Maggie August 27 2007 Tech signs agreement with Vietnam for records The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Hartz Marlena August 18 2007 Texas Tech seals deal with Vietnam records office for war documents Archived from the original on September 5 2012 Retrieved August 29 2008 College Scorecard Texas Tech University United States Department of Education Retrieved May 24 2022 Student Organizations Texas Tech University Center for Student Life Archived from the original on December 4 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Student Organizations Greek Life Texas Tech University Student Affairs Archived from the original on December 21 2007 Retrieved March 24 2007 Texas Tech Fraternity and Sorority Life The Sudler Trophy John Philip Sousa Foundation Archived from the original on November 3 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 As of 2006 the most recent year for which data are currently available Students Who Live On Campus Fall Enrollment Since 1985 Texas Tech University Institutional Research and Information Management October 31 2006 Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved August 24 2008 Housing on Campus Texas Tech University Archived from the original on March 29 2014 Retrieved February 25 2010 Texas Tech University Receives New Phi Beta Kappa Chapter Phi Beta Kappa Society April 9 2007 Archived from the original on February 3 2012 Retrieved February 21 2009 Chapter Directory Beta Gamma Sigma Archived from the original on April 8 2014 Retrieved August 14 2008 Chapter Directory Tau Beta Pi Archived from the original on October 10 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Chapter Information Alpha Phi Omega Archived from the original on May 26 2008 Retrieved August 28 2008 Chapter Details Delta Sigma Pi Retrieved November 20 2015 List of Law School Chapters Phi Alpha Delta Archived from the original on November 2 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Collegiate Chapters Texas Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Archived from the original on March 29 2012 Retrieved August 28 2008 Active and Inactive Chapters Tau Beta Sigma Archived from the original on February 20 2012 Retrieved August 28 2008 List of FY 2016 Eligible Hispanic Serving Institutions PDF www2 ed gov Retrieved April 24 2018 Hull Joshua December 10 2008 Tech radio off air due to money issues Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on February 19 2012 Retrieved January 5 2009 Boen Hannah June 19 2009 KTXT FM returns to air with different format The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Williams Don 1998 Texas Tech Turns 75 Tech travels long winding road of success to Big 12 Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on January 2 2008 Retrieved August 22 2008 a b Texas Tech Football History Database NationalChamps net Archived from the original on June 5 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Trotter Jake February 9 2015 Kirby Hocutt to join CFP group ESPN Retrieved February 9 2015 Division I Women s Basketball National Collegiate Athletic Association Archived from the original on August 3 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Texas Tech win gives Knight historic 880th victory ESPN Archived from the original on August 1 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Griffin Tim June 3 2008 Pat Knight proving he s not quite like his father ESPN Archived from the original on March 31 2014 Retrieved August 14 2008 Texas Tech hires Tubby Smith as new coach The Associated Press April 2 2013 Retrieved April 11 2013 Grant McCasland Men s Basketball Coach Texas Tech Red Raiders Retrieved May 30 2023 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved February 29 2024 Tech s United Spirit Arena opens to glowing reviews Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on May 16 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Rose Rex February 26 2014 Tech breaks Big 12 attendance record falls to Kansas State The Daily Toreador Retrieved February 26 2014 Schad Joe December 12 2012 Texas Tech hires Kliff Kingsbury ESPN Archived from the original on October 29 2013 Retrieved April 11 2013 Tuberville to be next coach at Texas Tech The Daily Toreador January 9 2010 Retrieved October 16 2013 Williams Don September 9 2007 Texas Tech SMU game facts Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on February 22 2014 Retrieved August 19 2008 The Red Raiders moved to fourth in 2008 when the Michigan Wolverines had a losing season before the Red Raiders snapping the streak with a losing season in 2011 Team Records Most Bowl Appearances College Football Data Warehouse Archived from the original on February 22 2014 Retrieved February 16 2012 Jones AT amp T Stadium Delivered AT amp T Archived from the original on January 16 2014 Retrieved August 30 2008 Coleman Adam August 25 2008 Expansion of Jones AT amp T Stadium expected to bring more than appeal The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Williams Don Tech rallies funding for stadium s east side The Dallas Morning News Archived from the original on September 21 2013 Retrieved August 28 2008 a b New Expansion Plan for Texas Tech Jones AT amp T Stadium KCBD Archived from the original on September 21 2013 Retrieved August 28 2008 Hartz Marlena November 20 2008 Tech stadium expansion set after funding goal met Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on September 21 2013 Retrieved November 20 2008 McClure David November 19 2008 Fundraising Goals Reached for Jones AT amp T Stadium Expansion Texas Tech University Archived from the original on September 21 2013 Retrieved November 20 2008 McKee Catherine December 14 2012 Expansion on Jones AT amp T Stadium to begin Jan 2013 The Daily Toreador Archived from the original on March 4 2013 Retrieved January 2 2013 2010 Media Supplement PDF Texas Tech University Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2016 Retrieved August 6 2010 2008 Baseball Media Guide Texas Tech University Official Athletic Site Archived from the original PDF on October 29 2008 Retrieved July 6 2008 Texas Tech Year by Year Scores Texas Tech University Official Athletic Site Archived from the original on October 29 2008 Retrieved July 6 2008 Coleman Adam June 30 2008 Larry Hays steps down as Tech baseball s head coach The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2012 Dan Spencer Named Head Baseball Coach at Texas Tech KCBD Archived from the original on February 19 2012 Retrieved August 20 2008 Texas Tech University Baseball Players Who Made it to the Major Leagues Baseball Almanac Archived from the original on April 3 2014 Retrieved August 19 2008 Maki Ben September 20 2007 Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Wes Kittley Bio TexasTech com Texas Tech University Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved March 15 2015 Texas Tech recreational sports Texas Tech University Archived from the original on May 4 2008 Retrieved October 20 2008 Things happen fast on Texas Tech s Polo Grounds Texas Texas University Archived from the original on March 8 2012 Retrieved October 30 2013 Weddle Jason November 12 2004 Aggies Tech renew rivalry The Daily Texan Archived from the original on July 14 2007 Retrieved August 25 2008 Zimmer Kellen November 15 2001 T sippers or tortilla throwers Aggies should consider Tech another school rival Archived from the original on September 8 2009 Retrieved August 25 2008 Smits Garry December 26 2007 Mascots unmasked A lasting tradition for Texas Tech began at 1954 Gator Bowl The Florida Times Union Archived from the original on January 16 2014 Retrieved April 30 2006 Ritz Jennifer History of Masked Rider A history of one of Texas Tech s Oldest and Best Loved Traditions Texas Techsan Magazine Archived from the original on October 23 2008 Retrieved August 12 2008 Wolfe Angel September 11 2000 Rider stands larger than life A new statue dedicated to the history of the Masked Rider finds its home The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 Gulick Joe May 4 2008 Dirk West Before the mustache guns Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on January 16 2014 Retrieved August 14 2008 Raider Red Texas Tech University Archived from the original on January 16 2014 Retrieved August 30 2008 Carol of Lights Texas Tech University Archived from the original on March 29 2014 Retrieved September 5 2008 a b 50 Years of Shining Bright Texas Tech Today December 2 2008 Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved December 29 2010 Carol of Lights Texas Tech University Archived from the original on March 3 2012 Retrieved October 24 2010 Double T Symbol Texas Tech University Archived from the original on October 14 2013 Retrieved August 19 2008 A Review of Tech Traditions PDF Texas Tech University Archived from the original PDF on May 30 2008 Retrieved August 13 2008 Hooks Michael Q Will and Soapsuds PDF Southwest Collection Retrieved August 18 2008 Will Rogers statue dedicated Lubbock Centennial Archived from the original on May 16 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Monahan Stephen August 29 2006 How to Live as a Raider in 12 Big Ways The Daily Toreador Retrieved October 16 2013 a b c Will Rogers amp Soapsuds Texas Tech University Archived from the original on October 14 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Schmenner Drew July 28 2008 Ten things you didn t know about Texas Tech Missourian Retrieved September 12 2016 Texas Tech Will Rogers and the legend of A amp M Will Rogers Statue Disses A amp M And UT The Myth Raiders Get the Truth on this Texas Tech Belief YouTube TTAA Class Ring amp Ceremony Texas Tech University Archived from the original on October 14 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Chapter Network Texas Tech Alumni Association Archived from the original on October 1 2011 Retrieved July 31 2008 Texas Tech Alumni Association Texas Tech University Archived from the original on June 4 2013 Retrieved July 31 2008 Page Eric November 7 1999 Demetrio Lakas 74 Panama Leader Who Had Role in Shaping Canal Pacts The New York Times Retrieved August 13 2008 Activities amp Programs Distinguished Alumni Dinner Texas Tech Alumni Association Archived from the original on October 1 2011 Retrieved August 28 2008 Governor Daniel I J Thornton Collection Colorado State Archives Archived from the original on October 9 2013 Retrieved August 13 2008 New Mexico Governor John Burroughs National Governor s Association Archived from the original on November 4 2013 Retrieved October 30 2013 Preston Smith Bio Texas State Archive Archived from the original on November 18 2013 Retrieved August 13 2008 Representatives Texas House of Texas House of Representatives www house texas gov Retrieved May 25 2021 Goldstein Richard March 21 2005 George H O Brien Jr 78 Marine Awarded Medal of Honor Dies The New York Times Retrieved August 13 2008 Richard E Cavazos First Hispanic American Four star General United States Army Archived from the original on November 25 2006 Retrieved September 24 2008 Edward E Whitacre Jr Chairman Chief Executive Officer and President AT amp T Inc AT amp T Inc Archived from the original on February 4 2007 Retrieved August 23 2008 Jerry Rawls Profile Forbes Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 16 2013 Dunia Shive Executive Profile and Biography BusinessWeek Archived from the original on July 9 2012 Retrieved August 23 2008 Murphy Tom February 26 2007 WellPoint CEO choice surprises some The Boston Globe Archived from the original on October 22 2012 Retrieved August 23 2008 Mero Jenny April 24 2008 Fortune 500 Women CEOs Angela Braly 1 Fortune Archived from the original on January 3 2010 Retrieved August 14 2008 Zach Thomas Profile National Football League Archived from the original on December 3 2010 Retrieved August 14 2008 Wes Welker Profile National Football League Archived from the original on March 14 2008 Retrieved August 14 2008 John Denver killed in plane crash CNN October 13 1997 Archived from the original on September 7 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 Dechert Renee December 26 2002 Pat Green Texas Songwriter Pop Matters Archived from the original on May 24 2011 Retrieved August 14 2008 Biography for George Eads TV Guide Archived from the original on August 1 2013 Retrieved August 14 2008 The Lubbock Centennial 1909 2009 presented by The Lubbock Avalanche Journal lubbockcentennial com Archived from the original on September 25 2013 John Hinckley Jr brings infamy to Lubbock Lubbock Avalanche Journal Archived from the original on September 25 2013 Retrieved August 30 2008 Further reading editRuth Horn Andrews The First Thirty Years A History Of Texas Technological College 1925 1955 Lubbock TX Texas Tech Press 1956 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Texas Tech University Official website Texas Tech University on Facebook Texas Tech University on Twitter Video on YouTube Texas Tech University on Instagram Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Texas Tech University amp oldid 1220995576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.