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Wikipedia

DARPA

March 06, 2023

This article is about the US military research agency. For other uses, see DARPA (disambiguation).

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.[3][4]

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Headquarters in Ballston in Arlington County, Virginia, 2022
Agency overview
FormedFebruary 7, 1958; 65 years ago (1958-02-07) (as ARPA)
Preceding agency
  • Advanced Research Projects Agency
JurisdictionFederal government of the United States
HeadquartersArlington, Virginia, U.S.
Employees220[1]
Annual budget$3.427 billion (2019)[2]
Agency executive
Parent departmentUnited States Department of Defense
Websitewww.darpa.mil

Originally known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the agency was created on February 7, 1958, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik 1 in 1957. By collaborating with academia, industry, and government partners, DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, often beyond immediate U.S. military requirements.[5]

The Economist has called DARPA the agency "that shaped the modern world," and pointed out that "Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine sits alongside weather satellites, GPS, drones, stealth technology, voice interfaces, the personal computer and the internet on the list of innovations for which DARPA can claim at least partial credit."[6] Its track record of success has inspired governments around the world to launch similar research and development agencies.[6]

DARPA is independent of other military research and development and reports directly to senior Department of Defense management. DARPA comprises approximately 220 government employees in six technical offices, including nearly 100 program managers, who together oversee about 250 research and development programs.[7]

The name of the organization first changed from its founding name, ARPA, to DARPA, in March 1972, changing back to ARPA in February 1993, then reverted to DARPA in March 1996.[8]

The agency's current director, appointed in March 2021, is Stefanie Tompkins.[9]

Mission

As of 2021, their mission statement is "to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security".[10]

History

DARPA achievements for the past 50 years

Early history (1958–1969)

 
DARPA's former headquarters in the Virginia Square neighborhood of Arlington. The agency is currently located in a new building at 675 North Randolph St.

The creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was authorized by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958 for the purpose of forming and executing research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, and able to reach far beyond immediate military requirements.[5] The two relevant acts are the Supplemental Military Construction Authorization (Air Force)[11] (Public Law 85-325) and Department of Defense Directive 5105.15, in February 1958. It was placed within the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and counted approximately 150 people.[12] Its creation was directly attributed to the launching of Sputnik and to U.S. realization that the Soviet Union had developed the capacity to rapidly exploit military technology. Initial funding of ARPA was $520 million.[13] ARPA's first director, Roy Johnson, left a $160,000 management job at General Electric for an $18,000 job at ARPA.[14] Herbert York from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was hired as his scientific assistant.[15]

Johnson and York were both keen on space projects, but when NASA was established later in 1958 all space projects and most of ARPA's funding were transferred to it. Johnson resigned and ARPA was repurposed to do "high-risk", "high-gain", "far out" basic research, a posture that was enthusiastically embraced by the nation's scientists and research universities.[16] ARPA's second director was Brigadier General Austin W. Betts, who resigned in early 1961 and was succeeded by Jack Ruina who served until 1963.[17] Ruina, the first scientist to administer ARPA, managed to raise its budget to $250 million.[18] It was Ruina who hired J. C. R. Licklider as the first administrator of the Information Processing Techniques Office, which played a vital role in creation of ARPANET, the basis for the future Internet.[19]

Additionally, the political and defense communities recognized the need for a high-level Department of Defense organization to formulate and execute R&D projects that would expand the frontiers of technology beyond the immediate and specific requirements of the Military Services and their laboratories. In pursuit of this mission, DARPA has developed and transferred technology programs encompassing a wide range of scientific disciplines that address the full spectrum of national security needs.

From 1958 to 1965, ARPA's emphasis centered on major national issues, including space, ballistic missile defense, and nuclear test detection.[20] During 1960, all of its civilian space programs were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the military space programs to the individual services.[21]

This allowed ARPA to concentrate its efforts on the Project Defender (defense against ballistic missiles), Project Vela (nuclear test detection), and Project AGILE (counterinsurgency R&D) programs, and to begin work on computer processing, behavioral sciences, and materials sciences. The DEFENDER and AGILE programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor, surveillance, and directed energy R&D, particularly in the study of radar, infrared sensing, and x-ray/gamma ray detection.

ARPA at this point (1959) played an early role in Transit (also called NavSat) a predecessor to the Global Positioning System (GPS).[22] "Fast-forward to 1959 when a joint effort between DARPA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory began to fine-tune the early explorers' discoveries. TRANSIT, sponsored by the Navy and developed under the leadership of Dr. Richard Kirschner at Johns Hopkins, was the first satellite positioning system."[23][24]

During the late 1960s, with the transfer of these mature programs to the Services, ARPA redefined its role and concentrated on a diverse set of relatively small, essentially exploratory research programs. The agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972, and during the early 1970s, it emphasized direct energy programs, information processing, and tactical technologies.[citation needed]

Concerning information processing, DARPA made great progress, initially through its support of the development of time-sharing. All modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the Multics system, developed by a cooperation among Bell Labs, General Electric and MIT, which DARPA supported by funding Project MAC at MIT with an initial two-million-dollar grant.[25]

DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET (the first wide-area packet switching network), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of Shakey the robot.[26] DARPA also supported the early development of both hypertext and hypermedia. DARPA funded one of the first two hypertext systems, Douglas Engelbart's NLS computer system, as well as The Mother of All Demos. DARPA later funded the development of the Aspen Movie Map, which is generally seen as the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of virtual reality.

Later history (1970–1980)

The Mansfield Amendment of 1973 expressly limited appropriations for defense research (through ARPA/DARPA) only to projects with direct military application.

The resulting "brain drain" is credited with boosting the development of the fledgling personal computer industry. Some young computer scientists left the universities to startups and private research laboratories such as Xerox PARC.

Between 1976 and 1981, DARPA's major projects were dominated by air, land, sea, and space technology, tactical armor and anti-armor programs, infrared sensing for space-based surveillance, high-energy laser technology for space-based missile defense, antisubmarine warfare, advanced cruise missiles, advanced aircraft, and defense applications of advanced computing. These large-scale technological program demonstrations were joined by integrated circuit research, which resulted in submicrometer electronic technology and electron devices that evolved into the Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) Program and the Congressionally-mandated charged particle beam program.[citation needed]

Many of the successful programs were transitioned to the Services, such as the foundation technologies in automatic target recognition, space based sensing, propulsion, and materials that were transferred to the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO), later known as the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), now titled the Missile Defense Agency (MDA).

Recent history (1981–present)

During the 1980s, the attention of the Agency was centered on information processing and aircraft-related programs, including the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) or Hypersonic Research Program. The Strategic Computing Program enabled DARPA to exploit advanced processing and networking technologies and to rebuild and strengthen relationships with universities after the Vietnam War. In addition, DARPA began to pursue new concepts for small, lightweight satellites (LIGHTSAT) and directed new programs regarding defense manufacturing, submarine technology, and armor/anti-armor.

In 1981, two engineers, Robert McGhee and Kenneth Waldron, started to develop the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle (ASV) nicknamed the "Walker" at the Ohio State University, under a research contract from DARPA.[27] The vehicle was 17 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 10.5 feet high, and had six legs to support its three-ton aluminum body, in which it was designed to carry cargo over difficult terrains. However, DARPA lost interest in the ASV, after problems with cold-weather tests.[28]

On February 4, 2004, the agency shut down its so called "LifeLog Project". The project's aim would have been, "to gather in a single place just about everything an individual says, sees or does".[29]

On October 28, 2009, the agency broke ground on a new facility in Arlington County, Virginia a few miles from The Pentagon.[30]

In fall 2011, DARPA hosted the 100-Year Starship Symposium with the aim of getting the public to start thinking seriously about interstellar travel.[31]

On June 5, 2016, NASA and DARPA announced that it planned to build new X-planes with NASA's plan setting to create a whole series of X planes over the next 10 years.[32]

Between 2014 and 2016, DARPA shepherded the first machine-to-machine computer security competition, the Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC), bringing a group of top-notch computer security experts to search for security vulnerabilities, exploit them, and create fixes that patch those vulnerabilities in a fully-automated fashion.[33][34]

In June 2018, DARPA leaders demonstrated a number of new technologies that were developed within the framework of the GXV-T program. The goal of this program is to create a lightly armored combat vehicle of not very large dimensions, which, due to maneuverability and other tricks, can successfully resist modern anti-tank weapon systems.[35]

In September 2020, DARPA and the US Air Force announced that the Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept (HAWC) are ready for free-flight tests within the next year.[36]

Victoria Coleman became the director of DARPA in November 2020.[37]

In recent years, DARPA officials have contracted out core functions to corporations. For example, during fiscal year 2020, Chenega ran physical security on DARPA's premises,[38] System High Corp. carried out program security,[39] and Agile Defense ran unclassified IT services.[40] General Dynamics runs classified IT services.[41] Strategic Analysis Inc. provided support services regarding engineering, science, mathematics, and front office and administrative work.[42]

  • DARPA history

  • The formative years
    (1958–1975)

  • The Cold War era
    (1975–1989)

  • The Post-Soviet years
    (1989–present)

Organization

Current program offices

DARPA has six technical offices that manage the agency's research portfolio, and two additional support offices that manage special projects and transition efforts.[clarification needed] All offices report to the DARPA director, including:

  • The Adaptive Execution Office (AEO) is one of two new DARPA offices created in 2009 by the DARPA Director, Regina Dugan. The office's four project areas include technology transition, assessment, rapid productivity and adaptive systems. AEO provides the agency with robust connections to the warfighter community and assists the agency with the planning and execution of technology demonstrations and field trials to promote adoption by the warfighter, accelerating the transition of new technologies into DoD capabilities.
  • The Defense Sciences Office (DSO) vigorously pursues the most promising technologies within a broad spectrum of the science and engineering research communities and develops those technologies into important, radically new military capabilities.[43] DSO identifies and pursues high-risk, high-payoff fundamental research initiatives across a broad spectrum of science and engineering disciplines – sometimes reshaping existing fields or creating entirely new disciplines – and transforms these initiatives into radically new, game-changing technologies for U.S. national security.
  • The Information Innovation Office (I2O) aims to ensure U.S. technological superiority in all areas where information can provide a decisive military advantage. Some of the program managers in I2O are Stuart Wagner (as of September 2014), Steve Jameson (as of August 2014), Angelos Keromytis (as of July 2014), David Doermann (as of April 2014), and Brian Pierce (prior to September, 2018). As of August 2021, William Scherlis is currently the office director.[44]
  • The Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) mission focuses on the heterogeneous microchip-scale integration of electronics, photonics, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Their high risk/high payoff technology is aimed at solving the national level problems of protection from biological, chemical and information attack and to provide operational dominance for mobile distributed command and control, combined manned and unmanned warfare, and dynamic, adaptive military planning and execution.
  • The Strategic Technology Office (STO) mission is to focus on technologies that have a global theater-wide impact and that involve multiple Services.[45]
  • The Tactical Technology Office (TTO) engages in high-risk, high-payoff advanced military research, emphasizing the "system" and "subsystem" approach to the development of aeronautic, space, and land systems as well as embedded processors and control systems
  • The Biological Technologies Office (BTO) fosters, demonstrates, and transitions breakthrough fundamental research, discoveries, and applications that integrate biology, engineering, and computer science for national security. Created in April 2014 by then director Arati Prabhakar, taking programs from the MTO and DSO divisions.[46]

Former offices

  • Information Awareness Office: 2002–2003
  • The Advanced Technology Office (ATO) researched, demonstrated, and developed high payoff projects in maritime, communications, special operations, command and control, and information assurance and survivability mission areas.[citation needed]
  • The Special Projects Office (SPO) researched, developed, demonstrated, and transitioned technologies focused on addressing present and emerging national challenges. SPO investments ranged from the development of enabling technologies to the demonstration of large prototype systems. SPO developed technologies to counter the emerging threat of underground facilities used for purposes ranging from command-and-control, to weapons storage and staging, to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction. SPO developed significantly more cost-effective ways to counter proliferated, inexpensive cruise missiles, UAVs, and other platforms used for weapon delivery, jamming, and surveillance. SPO invested in novel space technologies across the spectrum of space control applications including rapid access, space situational awareness, counterspace, and persistent tactical grade sensing approaches including extremely large space apertures and structures.
  • The Office of Special Development (OSD) in the 1960s developed a real-time remote sensing, monitoring, and predictive activity system on trails used by insurgents in Laos, Cambodia, and the Republic of Vietnam. This was done from an office in Bangkok, Thailand, that was ostensibly established to catalog and support the Thai fishing fleet, of which two volumes were published. This is a personal recollection without a published citation. A report on the ARPA group under which OSD operated is found here.[47]
  • The Information Systems Office (ISO) in the 1990s developed system applications of advanced information technologies. It was a predecessor to the Information Exploitation Office.[citation needed]

A 1991 reorganization created several offices which existed throughout the early 1990s:[48]

  • The Electronic Systems Technology Office combined areas of the Defense Sciences Office and the Defense Manufacturing Office. This new office will focus on the boundary between general-purpose computers and the physical world, such as sensors, displays and the first few layers of specialized signal-processing that couple these modules to standard computer interfaces.
  • The Computing Systems Technology Office combined functions of the old Information Sciences and Tactical Technology office. The office "will work scalable parallel and distributed heterogeneous computing systems technologies", DoD said.[citation needed]
  • The Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office and the Computing Systems office will have responsibility associated with the Presidential High-Performance Computing Initiative. The Software office will also be responsible for "software systems technology, machine intelligence and software engineering."
  • The Land Systems Office was created to develop advanced land vehicle and anti-armor systems, once the domain of the Tactical Technology Office.
  • The Undersea Warfare Office combined areas of the Advanced Vehicle Systems and Tactical Technology offices to develop and demonstrate submarine stealth and counter-stealth and automation.

A 2010 reorganization merged two offices:

  • The Transformational Convergence Technology Office (TCTO) mission was to advance new crosscutting capabilities derived from a broad range of emerging technological and social trends, particularly in areas related to computing and computing-reliant subareas of the life sciences, social sciences, manufacturing, and commerce. The TCTO was folded into the I2O in 2010.[45][49]
  • The Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) focused on inventing the networking, computing, and software technologies vital to ensuring DOD military superiority. The IPTO was combined with TCTO in 2010 to form the I2O.[50]

Projects

A list of DARPA's active and archived projects is available on the agency's website. Because of the agency's fast pace, programs constantly start and stop based on the needs of the U.S. government. Structured information about some of the DARPA's contracts and projects is publicly available.[51]

Active projects

  • ACTUV: A project to build an unmanned anti-submarine warfare vessel.[52]
  • Air Dominance Initiative: a 2015 program to develop technologies to be used in sixth-generation jet fighters.[53][needs update]
  • Air Space Total Awareness for Rapid Tactical Execution (ASTARTE): sensors, artificial intelligence algorithms, and virtual testing environments in order to create an understandable common operating picture when troops are spread out across battlefields[54]
  • Atmospheric Water Extraction (AWE) program[55]
  • Big Mechanism: Cancer research. (2015)[56][needs update]
  • Binary structure inference system: extract software properties from binary code to support repository-based reverse engineering for micro-patching that minimizes lifecycle maintenance and costs (2020)[57]
  • Blackjack: a 2018+ program to develop and test military satellite constellation technologies with a variety of "military-unique sensors and payloads [attached to] commercial satellite buses. ...as an 'architecture demonstration intending to show the high military utility of global LEO constellations and mesh networks of lower size, weight, and cost spacecraft nodes.' ... The idea is to demonstrate that 'good enough' payloads in LEO can perform military missions, augment existing programs, and potentially perform 'on par or better than currently deployed exquisite space systems.'"[58] Blue Canyon Technologies,[59] Raytheon,[60] and SA Photonics Inc.[61] were working on phases 2 and 3 as of fiscal year 2020.
  • broadband, electro-magnetic spectrum receiver system: prototype and demonstration[62]
  • BlockADE: Rapidly constructed barrier. (2014)[63]
  • Boeing X-37[64]
  • Captive Air Amphibious Transporter[65]
  • Causal Exploration of Complex Operational Environments ("Causal Exploration") – computerized aid to military planning. (2018)[66][67]
  • Clean-Slate Design of Resilient, Adaptive, Secure Hosts (CRASH), a TCTO[clarification needed] initiative[68]
  • Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System[citation needed]
  • Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment (CODE): Modular software architecture for UAVs to pass information to each other in contested environments to identify and engage targets with limited operator direction. (2015)[69][70]
  • Combat Zones That See: "track everything that moves" in a city by linking up a massive network of surveillance cameras[71]
  • Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE) program: demonstrate an experimental aircraft design based on active flow control (AFC), which is defined as on-demand addition of energy into a boundary layer in order to maintain, recover, or improve aerodynamic performance. The aim is for CRANE to generally improve aircraft performance and reliability while reducing cost. (2020)[72]
  • Computational Weapon Optic (CWO): Computer rifle scope that combines various features into one optic.[73]
  • DARPA XG: technology for Dynamic Spectrum Access for assured military communications.[74]
  • detection system consisting of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based assays paired with reconfigurable point-of-need and massively multi-plexed devices for diagnostics and surveillance[75]
  • Experimental Spaceplane 1 (formerly XS-1): phase 2 and 3 of a reusable unmanned space transport[76]
  • Fast Lightweight Autonomy: Software algorithms that enable small UAVs to fly fast in cluttered environments without GPS or external communications. (2014)[77]
  • Fast Network Interface Cards (FastNICs): develop and integrate new, clean-slate network subsystems in order to speed up applications, such as the distributed training of machine learning classifiers by 100x.[78] Perspecta Labs[79] and Raytheon BBN[80] were working on FastNICs as of fiscal year 2020.
  • Force Application and Launch from Continental United States (FALCON): a research effort within TTO[clarification needed] to develop a small satellite launch vehicle. (2008)[81] This vehicle is under development by AirLaunch LLC.[82]
  • Gamma Ray Inspection Technology (GRIT) program: research and develop high-intensity, tunable, and narrow-bandwidth gamma ray production in compact, transportable form. This technology can be utilized for discovering smuggled nuclear material in cargo via new inspection techniques, and enabling new medical diagnostics and therapies.[83] RadiaBeam Technologies LLC was working on a phase 1 of the program, Laser-Compton approach, in fiscal year 2020.[84]
  • Glide Breaker program: technology for an advanced interceptor capable of engaging maneuvering hypersonic vehicles or missiles in the upper atmosphere. Northrop Grumman[85] and Aerojet Rocketdyne[86] were working on this program as of fiscal year 2020.
  • Gremlins: Air-launched and recoverable UAVs with distributed capabilities to provide low-cost flexibility over expensive multirole platforms.[87]
  • Ground X-Vehicle Technology
  • High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System[88][89]
  • High Productivity Computing Systems[90]
  • HIVE (Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit) CPU architecture. (2017)[91]
  • Hydra: Undersea network of mobile unmanned sensors. (2013)[92]
  • hypersonic boost glide systems research[93]
  • Insect Allies (2017–2021)[94][95]
  • Integrated Sensor is Structure[citation needed]
  • Intelligent Integration of Information (I3) in SISTO, 1994–2000 – supported database research and with ARPA CISTO and NASA funded the NSF Digital Library program, that led. a.o. to Google.[96]
  • Joint All-Domain Warfighting Software (JAWS): software suite featuring automation and predictive analytics for battle management and command & control with tactical coordination for capture (“target custody”) and kill missions.[97] Systems & Technology Research of Woburn, Massachusetts, is working on this project, with an expected completion date of March 2022.[98] Raytheon is also working on this project, with an expected completion date of April 2022.[99]
  • Lasers for Universal Microscale Optical Systems (LUMOS): integrate heterogeneous materials to bring high performance lasers and amplifiers to manufacturable photonics platforms.[100] As of fiscal year 2020, the Research Foundation for the State University of New York (SUNY) was working to enable “on-chip optical gain” to integrated photonics platforms, and enable complete photonics functionality “on a single substrate for disruptive optical microsystems.”[101]
  • Manta Ray extra-large unmanned underwater vehicle. (2020)[102]
  • Media Forensics (MediFor): A project aimed at automatically spotting digital manipulation in images and videos, including Deepfakes. (2018)[103][104]
  • MEMS Exchange: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Implementation Environment[citation needed]
  • Millimeter-wave GaN Maturation (MGM) program: develop new GaN transistor technology to attain high-speed and large voltage swing at the same time.[105] HRL Laboratories LLC, a joint venture between Boeing and General Motors, is working on phase 2 as of fiscal year 2020.[106]
  • Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks (MOABB) program: design free-space optical components (e.g. telescope, bulk lasers with mechanical beam-steering, detectors, electronics) in a single device. Create a wafer-scale system that is one hundred times smaller and lighter than existing systems and can steer the optical beam far faster than mechanical components. Research and design electronic-photonic unit cells that can be tiled together to form large-scale planar apertures (up to 10 centimeters in diameter) that can run at 100 watts of optical power. The overall goals of such technology are (1) rapid 3D scanning using devices smaller than a cell-phone camera; (2) high-speed laser communications without mechanical steering; (3) and foliage-penetrating perimeter sensing, remote wind sensing, and long-range 3-D mapping.[107] As of fiscal year 2020, Analog Photonics LLC of Boston, Massachusetts, was working on phase 3 of the program and is expected to finish by May 2022.[108]
  • Multi- Azimuth Defense Fast Intercept Round Engagement System (MAD-FIRES) program: develop technologies that combine advantages of a missile (guidance, precision, accuracy) with advantages of a bullet (speed, rapid-fire, large ammunition capacity) to be used on a medium-caliber guided projectile in defending ships.[109] Raytheon is currently working on MAD-FIRES phase 3 (enhance seeker performance, and develop a functional demonstration illuminator and engagement manager to engage and defeat a representative surrogate target) and is expected to be finished by November 2022.[110]
  • Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations (N-ZERO): Reducing or eliminating the standby power unattended ground sensors consume. (2015)[111]
  • Neural implants for soldiers. (2014)[112][113]
  • Novel, nonsurgical, bi-directional brain-computer interface with high spacio-temporal resolution and low latency for potential human use.[114]
  • Operational Fires (OpFires): developing a new mobile ground-launched booster that helps hypersonic boost glide weapons penetrate enemy air defenses.[115] As of 17 July 2020, Lockheed Martin was working on phase 3 of the program (develop propulsion components for the missile's Stage 2 section) to be completed by January 2022.[116]
  • Persistent Close Air Support[citation needed]
  • PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats (PREEMPT)[117]
  • Protein Design: Processes[citation needed]
  • QuASAR: Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout[when?][118]
  • QuBE: Quantum Effects in Biological Environments[when?][119]
  • QUEST: Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology[120]
  • Quiness: Macroscopic Quantum Communications[121][122]
  • QUIST: Quantum Information Science and Technology[when?][123][124][125]
  • RADICS: Rapid Attack Detection, Isolation and Characterization Systems[126][127]
  • Rational Integrated Design of Energetics (RIDE): developing tools that speed up and facilitate energetics research.[128]
  • Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites program: a telerobotic and autonomous robotic satellite-servicing project, conceived in 2017, and planned for launch no earlier than the 2020s.[129]
  • Remote-controlled insects[130]
  • SafeGenes: a synthetic biology project to program "undo" sequences into gene editing programs (2016)[131]
  • Sea Train develop and demonstrate ways to overcome range limitations in medium unmanned surface vessels by exploiting wave-making resistance reductions.[132] Applied Physical Sciences Corp. of Groton, Connecticut, is undertaking Phase 1 of the Sea Train program, with an expected completion date of March 2022.[133]
  • Secure Advanced Framework for Simulation & Modeling (SAFE-SiM) program: build a rapid modeling and simulation environment to enable quick analysis in support of senior-level decision-making. As of fiscal year 2020, Radiance Technologies[134] and L3Harris[135] were working on portions of the program, with expected completion in August and September 2021, respectively.
  • Securing Information for Encrypted Verification and Evaluation (SIEVE) program: use zero knowledge proofs to enable the verification of capabilities for the US military “without revealing the sensitive details associated with those capabilities."[136] Galois Inc. of Portland, Oregon, and Stealth Software Technologies of Los Angeles, California, are currently working on the SIEVE program, with a projected completion date of May 2024.[137][138]
  • Satellite Remote Listening System: a satellite mounted system that can eavesdrop on a targeted area on the surface of the planet in coordination with satellite cameras.[citation needed] This project is in its infant stage.[when?]
  • Semantic Forensics (SemaFor) program: develop technologies to automatically detect, attribute, and characterize falsified media (e.g., text, audio, image, video) to defend against automated disinformation. SRI International of Menlo Park, California, and Kitware Inc. of Clifton, New York, are working on the SemaFor program, with an expected completion date of July 2024.[139][140]
  • Sensor plants: DARPA "is working on a plan to use plants to gather intelligence information" through DARPA's Advanced Plant Technologies (APT) program, which aims to control the physiology of plants in order to detect chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats. (2017)[141]
  • SIGMA: A network of radiological detection devices the size of smart phones that can detect small amounts of radioactive materials. The devices are paired with larger detector devices along major roads and bridges. (2016)[142]
  • SIGMA+ program: by building on concepts theorized in the SIGMA program, develop new sensors and analytics to detect small traces of explosives and chemical and biological weaponry throughout any given large metropolitan area.[143]
  • SoSITE: System of Systems Integration Technology and Experimentation: Combinations of aircraft, weapons, sensors, and mission systems that distribute air warfare capabilities across a large number of interoperable manned and unmanned platforms. (2015)[144]
  • SSITH: System Security Integrated Through Hardware and Firmware - secure hardware platform (2017); basis for open-source, hack-proof voting system project and 2019 system prototype contract[145]
  • SXCT: Squad X Core Technologies: Digitized, integrated technologies that improve infantry squads' awareness, precision, and influence. (2015)[146]
  • SyNAPSE: Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics[147]
  • Tactical Boost Glide (TBG): Air-launched hypersonic boost glide missile. (2016)[148][149][150][151][152]
  • Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node: Ship-based long-range ISR[clarification needed] UAV. (2014)[153]
  • TransApps (Transformative Applications), rapid development and fielding of secure mobile apps in the battlefield
  • UAVForge (2011)[154]
  • ULTRA-Vis (Urban Leader Tactical Response, Awareness and Visualization): Heads-up display for individual soldiers. (2014)[155]
  • underwater network, heterogeneous: develop concepts and reconfigurable architecture, leveraging advancement in undersea communications and autonomous ocean systems, to demonstrate utility at sea.[156] Raytheon BBN is currently working on this program, with work expected through 4 May 2021, though if the government exercises all options on the contract then work will continue through 4 February 2024.[157]
  • Upward Falling Payloads: Payloads stored on the ocean floor that can be activated and retrieved when needed. (2014)[158]
  • Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy (URSA) program: develop technology for use in cities to enable autonomous systems that U.S. infantry and ground forces operate to detect and identify enemies before U.S. troops come across them. Program will factor in algorithms, multiple sensors, and scientific knowledge about human behavior to determine subtle differences between hostiles and innocent civilians.[159] Soar Technology Inc. of Ann Arbor, Michigan, is currently working on pertinent vehicle autonomy technology, with work expected completed by March 2022.[160]
  • VTOL X-Plane (2013)[161]
  • Warrior Web: Soft exosuit to alleviate musculoskeletal stress on soldiers when carrying heavy loads. (2014)[162]
  • XDATA: Processing and analyzing vast amounts of information. (2012)[163]

Past or transitioned projects

Notable fiction

DARPA is well known as a high-tech government agency, and as such has many appearances in popular fiction. Some realistic references to DARPA in fiction are as "ARPA" in Tom Swift and the Visitor from Planet X (DARPA consults on a technical threat),[192] in episodes of television program The West Wing (the ARPA-DARPA distinction), the television program Numb3rs,[193] and the Netflix film Spectral.[194]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About Us". Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. n.d. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  2. ^ . Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. n.d. Archived from the original on November 13, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  3. ^ Dennis, Michael Aaron (December 23, 2022). "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency | United States government". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved January 5, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. "About DARPA". Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Retrieved June 26, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ a b Dwight D. Eisenhower and Science & Technology, (2008). Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission, .
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Further reading

  • The Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1958-1974 2019-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, Barber Associates, December 1975.
  • DARPA Technical Accomplishments: 1958-1990 2019-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, Volumes 1–3, Richard H. Van Atta, Sidney G. Reed, Seymour J. Deitchman, et al., Institute for Defense Analyses, January 1990 - March 1991.
  • Belfiore, Michael (2009). The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA Is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs. Harper. ISBN 9780061577932. OCLC 310399265. William Saletan writes of Belfiore's book that "His tone is reverential and at times breathless, but he captures the agency's essential virtues: boldness, creativity, agility, practicality and speed." (Saletan, William (December 24, 2009). "The Body Electric". The New York Times.)
  • Castell, Manuel, The Network Society: A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK, 2004.
  • Jacobsen, Annie, The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top-Secret Military Research Agency. Little, Brown and Company. 2015. ISBN 978-0316371766. OCLC 900012161.
  • Norberg, Arthur Lawrence; O'Neill, Judy Elizabeth; Freedman, Kerry J. (1996). Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962-1986. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5152-0.
  • Sargent, John F. Jr. (February 21, 2018). Defense Science and Technology Funding (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-05. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  • Sedgwick, John (August 1991). "The Men from DARPA". Playboy. Vol. 3, no. 8. pp. 108–109, 122, 154–156.
  • Weinberger, Sharon, The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency that Changed the World, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2017, ISBN 9780385351799.

External links

 
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March 06, 2023
darpa, this, article, about, military, research, agency, other, uses, disambiguation, defense, advanced, research, projects, agency, research, development, agency, united, states, department, defense, responsible, development, emerging, technologies, military,. This article is about the US military research agency For other uses see DARPA disambiguation The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military 3 4 Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyHeadquarters in Ballston in Arlington County Virginia 2022Agency overviewFormedFebruary 7 1958 65 years ago 1958 02 07 as ARPA Preceding agencyAdvanced Research Projects AgencyJurisdictionFederal government of the United StatesHeadquartersArlington Virginia U S Employees220 1 Annual budget 3 427 billion 2019 2 Agency executiveStefanie Tompkins DirectorParent departmentUnited States Department of DefenseWebsitewww wbr darpa wbr milOriginally known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA the agency was created on February 7 1958 by President Dwight D Eisenhower in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik 1 in 1957 By collaborating with academia industry and government partners DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science often beyond immediate U S military requirements 5 The Economist has called DARPA the agency that shaped the modern world and pointed out that Moderna s COVID 19 vaccine sits alongside weather satellites GPS drones stealth technology voice interfaces the personal computer and the internet on the list of innovations for which DARPA can claim at least partial credit 6 Its track record of success has inspired governments around the world to launch similar research and development agencies 6 DARPA is independent of other military research and development and reports directly to senior Department of Defense management DARPA comprises approximately 220 government employees in six technical offices including nearly 100 program managers who together oversee about 250 research and development programs 7 The name of the organization first changed from its founding name ARPA to DARPA in March 1972 changing back to ARPA in February 1993 then reverted to DARPA in March 1996 8 The agency s current director appointed in March 2021 is Stefanie Tompkins 9 Contents 1 Mission 2 History 2 1 Early history 1958 1969 2 2 Later history 1970 1980 2 3 Recent history 1981 present 3 Organization 3 1 Current program offices 3 2 Former offices 4 Projects 4 1 Active projects 4 2 Past or transitioned projects 5 Notable fiction 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksMission EditAs of 2021 update their mission statement is to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security 10 History Edit source source source source source source DARPA achievements for the past 50 years Early history 1958 1969 Edit DARPA s former headquarters in the Virginia Square neighborhood of Arlington The agency is currently located in a new building at 675 North Randolph St The creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA was authorized by President Dwight D Eisenhower in 1958 for the purpose of forming and executing research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science and able to reach far beyond immediate military requirements 5 The two relevant acts are the Supplemental Military Construction Authorization Air Force 11 Public Law 85 325 and Department of Defense Directive 5105 15 in February 1958 It was placed within the Office of the Secretary of Defense OSD and counted approximately 150 people 12 Its creation was directly attributed to the launching of Sputnik and to U S realization that the Soviet Union had developed the capacity to rapidly exploit military technology Initial funding of ARPA was 520 million 13 ARPA s first director Roy Johnson left a 160 000 management job at General Electric for an 18 000 job at ARPA 14 Herbert York from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was hired as his scientific assistant 15 Johnson and York were both keen on space projects but when NASA was established later in 1958 all space projects and most of ARPA s funding were transferred to it Johnson resigned and ARPA was repurposed to do high risk high gain far out basic research a posture that was enthusiastically embraced by the nation s scientists and research universities 16 ARPA s second director was Brigadier General Austin W Betts who resigned in early 1961 and was succeeded by Jack Ruina who served until 1963 17 Ruina the first scientist to administer ARPA managed to raise its budget to 250 million 18 It was Ruina who hired J C R Licklider as the first administrator of the Information Processing Techniques Office which played a vital role in creation of ARPANET the basis for the future Internet 19 Additionally the political and defense communities recognized the need for a high level Department of Defense organization to formulate and execute R amp D projects that would expand the frontiers of technology beyond the immediate and specific requirements of the Military Services and their laboratories In pursuit of this mission DARPA has developed and transferred technology programs encompassing a wide range of scientific disciplines that address the full spectrum of national security needs From 1958 to 1965 ARPA s emphasis centered on major national issues including space ballistic missile defense and nuclear test detection 20 During 1960 all of its civilian space programs were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA and the military space programs to the individual services 21 This allowed ARPA to concentrate its efforts on the Project Defender defense against ballistic missiles Project Vela nuclear test detection and Project AGILE counterinsurgency R amp D programs and to begin work on computer processing behavioral sciences and materials sciences The DEFENDER and AGILE programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor surveillance and directed energy R amp D particularly in the study of radar infrared sensing and x ray gamma ray detection ARPA at this point 1959 played an early role in Transit also called NavSat a predecessor to the Global Positioning System GPS 22 Fast forward to 1959 when a joint effort between DARPA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory began to fine tune the early explorers discoveries TRANSIT sponsored by the Navy and developed under the leadership of Dr Richard Kirschner at Johns Hopkins was the first satellite positioning system 23 24 During the late 1960s with the transfer of these mature programs to the Services ARPA redefined its role and concentrated on a diverse set of relatively small essentially exploratory research programs The agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA in 1972 and during the early 1970s it emphasized direct energy programs information processing and tactical technologies citation needed Concerning information processing DARPA made great progress initially through its support of the development of time sharing All modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the Multics system developed by a cooperation among Bell Labs General Electric and MIT which DARPA supported by funding Project MAC at MIT with an initial two million dollar grant 25 DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET the first wide area packet switching network Packet Radio Network Packet Satellite Network and ultimately the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing including parts of Shakey the robot 26 DARPA also supported the early development of both hypertext and hypermedia DARPA funded one of the first two hypertext systems Douglas Engelbart s NLS computer system as well as The Mother of All Demos DARPA later funded the development of the Aspen Movie Map which is generally seen as the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of virtual reality Later history 1970 1980 Edit The Mansfield Amendment of 1973 expressly limited appropriations for defense research through ARPA DARPA only to projects with direct military application The resulting brain drain is credited with boosting the development of the fledgling personal computer industry Some young computer scientists left the universities to startups and private research laboratories such as Xerox PARC Between 1976 and 1981 DARPA s major projects were dominated by air land sea and space technology tactical armor and anti armor programs infrared sensing for space based surveillance high energy laser technology for space based missile defense antisubmarine warfare advanced cruise missiles advanced aircraft and defense applications of advanced computing These large scale technological program demonstrations were joined by integrated circuit research which resulted in submicrometer electronic technology and electron devices that evolved into the Very Large Scale Integration VLSI Program and the Congressionally mandated charged particle beam program citation needed Many of the successful programs were transitioned to the Services such as the foundation technologies in automatic target recognition space based sensing propulsion and materials that were transferred to the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization SDIO later known as the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization BMDO now titled the Missile Defense Agency MDA Recent history 1981 present Edit During the 1980s the attention of the Agency was centered on information processing and aircraft related programs including the National Aerospace Plane NASP or Hypersonic Research Program The Strategic Computing Program enabled DARPA to exploit advanced processing and networking technologies and to rebuild and strengthen relationships with universities after the Vietnam War In addition DARPA began to pursue new concepts for small lightweight satellites LIGHTSAT and directed new programs regarding defense manufacturing submarine technology and armor anti armor In 1981 two engineers Robert McGhee and Kenneth Waldron started to develop the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle ASV nicknamed the Walker at the Ohio State University under a research contract from DARPA 27 The vehicle was 17 feet long 8 feet wide and 10 5 feet high and had six legs to support its three ton aluminum body in which it was designed to carry cargo over difficult terrains However DARPA lost interest in the ASV after problems with cold weather tests 28 On February 4 2004 the agency shut down its so called LifeLog Project The project s aim would have been to gather in a single place just about everything an individual says sees or does 29 On October 28 2009 the agency broke ground on a new facility in Arlington County Virginia a few miles from The Pentagon 30 In fall 2011 DARPA hosted the 100 Year Starship Symposium with the aim of getting the public to start thinking seriously about interstellar travel 31 On June 5 2016 NASA and DARPA announced that it planned to build new X planes with NASA s plan setting to create a whole series of X planes over the next 10 years 32 Between 2014 and 2016 DARPA shepherded the first machine to machine computer security competition the Cyber Grand Challenge CGC bringing a group of top notch computer security experts to search for security vulnerabilities exploit them and create fixes that patch those vulnerabilities in a fully automated fashion 33 34 In June 2018 DARPA leaders demonstrated a number of new technologies that were developed within the framework of the GXV T program The goal of this program is to create a lightly armored combat vehicle of not very large dimensions which due to maneuverability and other tricks can successfully resist modern anti tank weapon systems 35 In September 2020 DARPA and the US Air Force announced that the Hypersonic Air breathing Weapon Concept HAWC are ready for free flight tests within the next year 36 Victoria Coleman became the director of DARPA in November 2020 37 In recent years DARPA officials have contracted out core functions to corporations For example during fiscal year 2020 Chenega ran physical security on DARPA s premises 38 System High Corp carried out program security 39 and Agile Defense ran unclassified IT services 40 General Dynamics runs classified IT services 41 Strategic Analysis Inc provided support services regarding engineering science mathematics and front office and administrative work 42 DARPA history source source source source source source track track The formative years 1958 1975 source source source source source source track The Cold War era 1975 1989 source source source source source source track The Post Soviet years 1989 present Organization EditCurrent program offices Edit DARPA has six technical offices that manage the agency s research portfolio and two additional support offices that manage special projects and transition efforts clarification needed All offices report to the DARPA director including The Adaptive Execution Office AEO is one of two new DARPA offices created in 2009 by the DARPA Director Regina Dugan The office s four project areas include technology transition assessment rapid productivity and adaptive systems AEO provides the agency with robust connections to the warfighter community and assists the agency with the planning and execution of technology demonstrations and field trials to promote adoption by the warfighter accelerating the transition of new technologies into DoD capabilities The Defense Sciences Office DSO vigorously pursues the most promising technologies within a broad spectrum of the science and engineering research communities and develops those technologies into important radically new military capabilities 43 DSO identifies and pursues high risk high payoff fundamental research initiatives across a broad spectrum of science and engineering disciplines sometimes reshaping existing fields or creating entirely new disciplines and transforms these initiatives into radically new game changing technologies for U S national security The Information Innovation Office I2O aims to ensure U S technological superiority in all areas where information can provide a decisive military advantage Some of the program managers in I2O are Stuart Wagner as of September 2014 Steve Jameson as of August 2014 Angelos Keromytis as of July 2014 David Doermann as of April 2014 and Brian Pierce prior to September 2018 As of August 2021 William Scherlis is currently the office director 44 The Microsystems Technology Office MTO mission focuses on the heterogeneous microchip scale integration of electronics photonics and microelectromechanical systems MEMS Their high risk high payoff technology is aimed at solving the national level problems of protection from biological chemical and information attack and to provide operational dominance for mobile distributed command and control combined manned and unmanned warfare and dynamic adaptive military planning and execution The Strategic Technology Office STO mission is to focus on technologies that have a global theater wide impact and that involve multiple Services 45 The Tactical Technology Office TTO engages in high risk high payoff advanced military research emphasizing the system and subsystem approach to the development of aeronautic space and land systems as well as embedded processors and control systems The Biological Technologies Office BTO fosters demonstrates and transitions breakthrough fundamental research discoveries and applications that integrate biology engineering and computer science for national security Created in April 2014 by then director Arati Prabhakar taking programs from the MTO and DSO divisions 46 Former offices Edit Information Awareness Office 2002 2003 The Advanced Technology Office ATO researched demonstrated and developed high payoff projects in maritime communications special operations command and control and information assurance and survivability mission areas citation needed The Special Projects Office SPO researched developed demonstrated and transitioned technologies focused on addressing present and emerging national challenges SPO investments ranged from the development of enabling technologies to the demonstration of large prototype systems SPO developed technologies to counter the emerging threat of underground facilities used for purposes ranging from command and control to weapons storage and staging to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction SPO developed significantly more cost effective ways to counter proliferated inexpensive cruise missiles UAVs and other platforms used for weapon delivery jamming and surveillance SPO invested in novel space technologies across the spectrum of space control applications including rapid access space situational awareness counterspace and persistent tactical grade sensing approaches including extremely large space apertures and structures The Office of Special Development OSD in the 1960s developed a real time remote sensing monitoring and predictive activity system on trails used by insurgents in Laos Cambodia and the Republic of Vietnam This was done from an office in Bangkok Thailand that was ostensibly established to catalog and support the Thai fishing fleet of which two volumes were published This is a personal recollection without a published citation A report on the ARPA group under which OSD operated is found here 47 The Information Systems Office ISO in the 1990s developed system applications of advanced information technologies It was a predecessor to the Information Exploitation Office citation needed A 1991 reorganization created several offices which existed throughout the early 1990s 48 The Electronic Systems Technology Office combined areas of the Defense Sciences Office and the Defense Manufacturing Office This new office will focus on the boundary between general purpose computers and the physical world such as sensors displays and the first few layers of specialized signal processing that couple these modules to standard computer interfaces The Computing Systems Technology Office combined functions of the old Information Sciences and Tactical Technology office The office will work scalable parallel and distributed heterogeneous computing systems technologies DoD said citation needed The Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office and the Computing Systems office will have responsibility associated with the Presidential High Performance Computing Initiative The Software office will also be responsible for software systems technology machine intelligence and software engineering The Land Systems Office was created to develop advanced land vehicle and anti armor systems once the domain of the Tactical Technology Office The Undersea Warfare Office combined areas of the Advanced Vehicle Systems and Tactical Technology offices to develop and demonstrate submarine stealth and counter stealth and automation A 2010 reorganization merged two offices The Transformational Convergence Technology Office TCTO mission was to advance new crosscutting capabilities derived from a broad range of emerging technological and social trends particularly in areas related to computing and computing reliant subareas of the life sciences social sciences manufacturing and commerce The TCTO was folded into the I2O in 2010 45 49 The Information Processing Techniques Office IPTO focused on inventing the networking computing and software technologies vital to ensuring DOD military superiority The IPTO was combined with TCTO in 2010 to form the I2O 50 Projects EditA list of DARPA s active and archived projects is available on the agency s website Because of the agency s fast pace programs constantly start and stop based on the needs of the U S government Structured information about some of the DARPA s contracts and projects is publicly available 51 Active projects Edit This section has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information April 2016 This section s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information March 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message ACTUV A project to build an unmanned anti submarine warfare vessel 52 Air Dominance Initiative a 2015 program to develop technologies to be used in sixth generation jet fighters 53 needs update Air Space Total Awareness for Rapid Tactical Execution ASTARTE sensors artificial intelligence algorithms and virtual testing environments in order to create an understandable common operating picture when troops are spread out across battlefields 54 Atmospheric Water Extraction AWE program 55 Big Mechanism Cancer research 2015 56 needs update Binary structure inference system extract software properties from binary code to support repository based reverse engineering for micro patching that minimizes lifecycle maintenance and costs 2020 57 Blackjack a 2018 program to develop and test military satellite constellation technologies with a variety of military unique sensors and payloads attached to commercial satellite buses as an architecture demonstration intending to show the high military utility of global LEO constellations and mesh networks of lower size weight and cost spacecraft nodes The idea is to demonstrate that good enough payloads in LEO can perform military missions augment existing programs and potentially perform on par or better than currently deployed exquisite space systems 58 Blue Canyon Technologies 59 Raytheon 60 and SA Photonics Inc 61 were working on phases 2 and 3 as of fiscal year 2020 broadband electro magnetic spectrum receiver system prototype and demonstration 62 BlockADE Rapidly constructed barrier 2014 63 Boeing X 37 64 Captive Air Amphibious Transporter 65 Causal Exploration of Complex Operational Environments Causal Exploration computerized aid to military planning 2018 66 67 Clean Slate Design of Resilient Adaptive Secure Hosts CRASH a TCTO clarification needed initiative 68 Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System citation needed Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment CODE Modular software architecture for UAVs to pass information to each other in contested environments to identify and engage targets with limited operator direction 2015 69 70 Combat Zones That See track everything that moves in a city by linking up a massive network of surveillance cameras 71 Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors CRANE program demonstrate an experimental aircraft design based on active flow control AFC which is defined as on demand addition of energy into a boundary layer in order to maintain recover or improve aerodynamic performance The aim is for CRANE to generally improve aircraft performance and reliability while reducing cost 2020 72 Computational Weapon Optic CWO Computer rifle scope that combines various features into one optic 73 DARPA XG technology for Dynamic Spectrum Access for assured military communications 74 detection system consisting of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats CRISPR based assays paired with reconfigurable point of need and massively multi plexed devices for diagnostics and surveillance 75 Experimental Spaceplane 1 formerly XS 1 phase 2 and 3 of a reusable unmanned space transport 76 Fast Lightweight Autonomy Software algorithms that enable small UAVs to fly fast in cluttered environments without GPS or external communications 2014 77 Fast Network Interface Cards FastNICs develop and integrate new clean slate network subsystems in order to speed up applications such as the distributed training of machine learning classifiers by 100x 78 Perspecta Labs 79 and Raytheon BBN 80 were working on FastNICs as of fiscal year 2020 Force Application and Launch from Continental United States FALCON a research effort within TTO clarification needed to develop a small satellite launch vehicle 2008 81 This vehicle is under development by AirLaunch LLC 82 Gamma Ray Inspection Technology GRIT program research and develop high intensity tunable and narrow bandwidth gamma ray production in compact transportable form This technology can be utilized for discovering smuggled nuclear material in cargo via new inspection techniques and enabling new medical diagnostics and therapies 83 RadiaBeam Technologies LLC was working on a phase 1 of the program Laser Compton approach in fiscal year 2020 84 Glide Breaker program technology for an advanced interceptor capable of engaging maneuvering hypersonic vehicles or missiles in the upper atmosphere Northrop Grumman 85 and Aerojet Rocketdyne 86 were working on this program as of fiscal year 2020 Gremlins Air launched and recoverable UAVs with distributed capabilities to provide low cost flexibility over expensive multirole platforms 87 Ground X Vehicle Technology High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System 88 89 High Productivity Computing Systems 90 HIVE Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit CPU architecture 2017 91 Hydra Undersea network of mobile unmanned sensors 2013 92 hypersonic boost glide systems research 93 Insect Allies 2017 2021 94 95 Integrated Sensor is Structure citation needed Intelligent Integration of Information I3 in SISTO 1994 2000 supported database research and with ARPA CISTO and NASA funded the NSF Digital Library program that led a o to Google 96 Joint All Domain Warfighting Software JAWS software suite featuring automation and predictive analytics for battle management and command amp control with tactical coordination for capture target custody and kill missions 97 Systems amp Technology Research of Woburn Massachusetts is working on this project with an expected completion date of March 2022 98 Raytheon is also working on this project with an expected completion date of April 2022 99 Lasers for Universal Microscale Optical Systems LUMOS integrate heterogeneous materials to bring high performance lasers and amplifiers to manufacturable photonics platforms 100 As of fiscal year 2020 the Research Foundation for the State University of New York SUNY was working to enable on chip optical gain to integrated photonics platforms and enable complete photonics functionality on a single substrate for disruptive optical microsystems 101 Manta Ray extra large unmanned underwater vehicle 2020 102 Media Forensics MediFor A project aimed at automatically spotting digital manipulation in images and videos including Deepfakes 2018 103 104 MEMS Exchange Microelectromechanical systems MEMS Implementation Environment citation needed Millimeter wave GaN Maturation MGM program develop new GaN transistor technology to attain high speed and large voltage swing at the same time 105 HRL Laboratories LLC a joint venture between Boeing and General Motors is working on phase 2 as of fiscal year 2020 106 Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks MOABB program design free space optical components e g telescope bulk lasers with mechanical beam steering detectors electronics in a single device Create a wafer scale system that is one hundred times smaller and lighter than existing systems and can steer the optical beam far faster than mechanical components Research and design electronic photonic unit cells that can be tiled together to form large scale planar apertures up to 10 centimeters in diameter that can run at 100 watts of optical power The overall goals of such technology are 1 rapid 3D scanning using devices smaller than a cell phone camera 2 high speed laser communications without mechanical steering 3 and foliage penetrating perimeter sensing remote wind sensing and long range 3 D mapping 107 As of fiscal year 2020 Analog Photonics LLC of Boston Massachusetts was working on phase 3 of the program and is expected to finish by May 2022 108 Multi Azimuth Defense Fast Intercept Round Engagement System MAD FIRES program develop technologies that combine advantages of a missile guidance precision accuracy with advantages of a bullet speed rapid fire large ammunition capacity to be used on a medium caliber guided projectile in defending ships 109 Raytheon is currently working on MAD FIRES phase 3 enhance seeker performance and develop a functional demonstration illuminator and engagement manager to engage and defeat a representative surrogate target and is expected to be finished by November 2022 110 Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations N ZERO Reducing or eliminating the standby power unattended ground sensors consume 2015 111 Neural implants for soldiers 2014 112 113 Novel nonsurgical bi directional brain computer interface with high spacio temporal resolution and low latency for potential human use 114 Operational Fires OpFires developing a new mobile ground launched booster that helps hypersonic boost glide weapons penetrate enemy air defenses 115 As of 17 July 2020 Lockheed Martin was working on phase 3 of the program develop propulsion components for the missile s Stage 2 section to be completed by January 2022 116 Persistent Close Air Support citation needed PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats PREEMPT 117 Protein Design Processes citation needed QuASAR Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout when 118 QuBE Quantum Effects in Biological Environments when 119 QUEST Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology 120 Quiness Macroscopic Quantum Communications 121 122 QUIST Quantum Information Science and Technology when 123 124 125 RADICS Rapid Attack Detection Isolation and Characterization Systems 126 127 Rational Integrated Design of Energetics RIDE developing tools that speed up and facilitate energetics research 128 Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites program a telerobotic and autonomous robotic satellite servicing project conceived in 2017 and planned for launch no earlier than the 2020s 129 Remote controlled insects 130 SafeGenes a synthetic biology project to program undo sequences into gene editing programs 2016 131 Sea Train develop and demonstrate ways to overcome range limitations in medium unmanned surface vessels by exploiting wave making resistance reductions 132 Applied Physical Sciences Corp of Groton Connecticut is undertaking Phase 1 of the Sea Train program with an expected completion date of March 2022 133 Secure Advanced Framework for Simulation amp Modeling SAFE SiM program build a rapid modeling and simulation environment to enable quick analysis in support of senior level decision making As of fiscal year 2020 Radiance Technologies 134 and L3Harris 135 were working on portions of the program with expected completion in August and September 2021 respectively Securing Information for Encrypted Verification and Evaluation SIEVE program use zero knowledge proofs to enable the verification of capabilities for the US military without revealing the sensitive details associated with those capabilities 136 Galois Inc of Portland Oregon and Stealth Software Technologies of Los Angeles California are currently working on the SIEVE program with a projected completion date of May 2024 137 138 Satellite Remote Listening System a satellite mounted system that can eavesdrop on a targeted area on the surface of the planet in coordination with satellite cameras citation needed This project is in its infant stage when Semantic Forensics SemaFor program develop technologies to automatically detect attribute and characterize falsified media e g text audio image video to defend against automated disinformation SRI International of Menlo Park California and Kitware Inc of Clifton New York are working on the SemaFor program with an expected completion date of July 2024 139 140 Sensor plants DARPA is working on a plan to use plants to gather intelligence information through DARPA s Advanced Plant Technologies APT program which aims to control the physiology of plants in order to detect chemical biological radiological and nuclear threats 2017 141 SIGMA A network of radiological detection devices the size of smart phones that can detect small amounts of radioactive materials The devices are paired with larger detector devices along major roads and bridges 2016 142 SIGMA program by building on concepts theorized in the SIGMA program develop new sensors and analytics to detect small traces of explosives and chemical and biological weaponry throughout any given large metropolitan area 143 SoSITE System of Systems Integration Technology and Experimentation Combinations of aircraft weapons sensors and mission systems that distribute air warfare capabilities across a large number of interoperable manned and unmanned platforms 2015 144 SSITH System Security Integrated Through Hardware and Firmware secure hardware platform 2017 basis for open source hack proof voting system project and 2019 system prototype contract 145 SXCT Squad X Core Technologies Digitized integrated technologies that improve infantry squads awareness precision and influence 2015 146 SyNAPSE Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics 147 Tactical Boost Glide TBG Air launched hypersonic boost glide missile 2016 148 149 150 151 152 Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node Ship based long range ISR clarification needed UAV 2014 153 TransApps Transformative Applications rapid development and fielding of secure mobile apps in the battlefield UAVForge 2011 154 ULTRA Vis Urban Leader Tactical Response Awareness and Visualization Heads up display for individual soldiers 2014 155 underwater network heterogeneous develop concepts and reconfigurable architecture leveraging advancement in undersea communications and autonomous ocean systems to demonstrate utility at sea 156 Raytheon BBN is currently working on this program with work expected through 4 May 2021 though if the government exercises all options on the contract then work will continue through 4 February 2024 157 Upward Falling Payloads Payloads stored on the ocean floor that can be activated and retrieved when needed 2014 158 Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy URSA program develop technology for use in cities to enable autonomous systems that U S infantry and ground forces operate to detect and identify enemies before U S troops come across them Program will factor in algorithms multiple sensors and scientific knowledge about human behavior to determine subtle differences between hostiles and innocent civilians 159 Soar Technology Inc of Ann Arbor Michigan is currently working on pertinent vehicle autonomy technology with work expected completed by March 2022 160 VTOL X Plane 2013 161 Warrior Web Soft exosuit to alleviate musculoskeletal stress on soldiers when carrying heavy loads 2014 162 XDATA Processing and analyzing vast amounts of information 2012 163 Past or transitioned projects Edit 4MM 4 minute mile Wearable jetpack to enable soldiers to run at increased speed 164 AGM 158C LRASM Anti ship cruise missile 165 Adaptive Vehicle Make Revolutionary approaches to the design verification and manufacturing of complex defense systems and vehicles ArcLight Ship based weapon system capable of striking targets nearly anywhere on the globe based on the Standard Missile 3 ARPA Midcourse Optical Station AMOS a research facility that now forms part of the Haleakala Observatory ARPANET earliest predecessor of the Internet ASTOVL precursor of the Joint Strike Fighter program 166 The Aspen Movie Map allowed one to virtually tour the streets of Aspen Colorado Developed in 1978 it is the earliest predecessor to products like Google Street View 167 244 168 149 169 93 Atlas A humanoid robot Battlefield Illusion 170 BigDog Legged Squad Support System 2012 legged robots 171 The Boeing X 45 unmanned combat aerial vehicle refers to a mid 2000s concept demonstrator for autonomous military aircraft Boomerang mobile shooter detection system an acoustic gunfire locator developed by BBN Technologies for detecting snipers on military combat vehicles CALO or Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes software CPOF the command post of the future networked information system for Command control DAML ALASA Airborne Launch Assist Space Access A rocket capable of launching a 100 pound satellite into low Earth orbit for less than 1 million FALCON DARPA Grand Challenge driverless car competitions DARPA GXV T Ground X Vehicle 172 when DARPA Network Challenge before 2010 173 DARPA Shredder Challenge 2011 174 Reconstruction of shredded documents DARPA Silent Talk A planned program attempting to identify EEG patterns for words and transmit these for covert communications 175 DARPA Spectrum Challenge 2014 176 DEFENDER Defense Simulation Internet a wide area network supporting Distributed Interactive Simulation Discoverer II radar satellite constellation EATR when EXACTO Sniper rifle firing guided smart bullets GALE Global Autonomous Language Exploitation High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HAARP An ionospheric research program jointly funded by DARPA the U S Air Force s AFRL and the U S Navy s NRL 177 The most prominent area during this research was the high power radio frequency transmitter facility which tested the use of the Ionospheric Research Instrument IRI High Performance Knowledge Bases HISSS Human Universal Load Carrier battery powered human exoskeleton Hypersonic Research Program 178 Luke Arm a DEKA creation produced under the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program MAHEM Molten penetrating munition MeshWorm an earthworm like robot 179 Mind s Eye A visual intelligence system capable of detecting and analyzing activity from video feeds 180 MOSIS MQ 1 Predator Multics Next Generation Tactical Wearable Night Vision Smaller and lighter sunglass sized night vision devices that can switch between different viewing bands 181 182 NLS Augment the origin of the canonical contemporary computer user interface Northrop Grumman Switchblade an unmanned oblique wing flying aircraft for high speed long range and long endurance flight One Shot Sniper scope that automatically measures crosswind and range to ensure accuracy in field conditions 183 Onion routing a technique developed in the mid 1990s and later employed by Tor to anonymize communications over a computer network Passive radar citation needed Phoenix A 2012 early 2015 satellite project with the aim to recycle retired satellite parts into new on orbit assets The project was initiated in July 2012 with plans for system launches no earlier than 2016 184 185 At the time Satlet tests in low Earth orbit were projected to occur as early as 2015 186 needs update Policy Analysis Market evaluating the trading of information futures contracts based on possible political developments in several Middle Eastern countries An application of prediction markets 187 188 189 POSSE Project AGILE a Vietnam War era investigation into methods of remote asymmetric warfare for use in conflicts with Communist insurgents Project MAC Proto 2 a thought controlled prosthetic arm Rapid Knowledge Formation citation needed Sea Shadow SIMNET Wide area network with vehicle simulators and displays for real time distributed combat simulation tanks helicopters and airplanes in a virtual battlefield System F6 Future Fast Flexible Fractionated Free flying Spacecraft United by Information Exchange technology demonstrator a 2006 2012 I3 Intelligent Integration of Information 190 supported the Digital Library research effort through NSF Strategic Computing Program Synthetic Aperture Ladar for Tactical Applications SALTI XOS powered military exoskeleton 226 million technology development program Cancelled in 2013 before the notionally planned 2015 launch date 184 186 SURAN 1983 87 Project Vela 1963 Vulture Long endurance high altitude unmanned aerial vehicle VLSI Project 1978 Its offspring include BSD Unix the RISC processor concept many CAD tools still in use today citation needed Walrus HULA high capacity long range cargo airship Wireless Network after Next WNaN advanced tactical mobile ad hoc network WolfPack 2010 191 Notable fiction EditDARPA is well known as a high tech government agency and as such has many appearances in popular fiction Some realistic references to DARPA in fiction are as ARPA in Tom Swift and the Visitor from Planet X DARPA consults on a technical threat 192 in episodes of television program The West Wing the ARPA DARPA distinction the television program Numb3rs 193 and the Netflix film Spectral 194 See also Edit United States portal Virginia portal War portalAir Force Nuclear Weapons Center NWC Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy ARPA E Engineer Research and Development Center ERDC Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency HSARPA Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity IARPA Joint European Disruptive Initiative JEDI Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL or LBL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL Los Alamos National Laboratory LANL Marine Corps Combat Development Command MCCDC Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake NAWS Naval Research Laboratory NRL Office of Naval Research ONR Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PNNL Sandia National Laboratories SNL United States Army Armament Research Development and Engineering Center ARDEC United States Army Research Development and Engineering Command RDECOM United States Army Research Laboratory ARL United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory MCWL References Edit About Us Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency n d Retrieved September 29 2019 Budget Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency n d Archived from the original on November 13 2015 Retrieved April 2 2019 Dennis Michael Aaron December 23 2022 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency United States government Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved January 5 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency About DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved June 26 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Dwight D Eisenhower and Science amp Technology 2008 Dwight D Eisenhower Memorial Commission Source a b A growing number of governments hope to clone America s DARPA The Economist Vol 439 no 9248 5 June 2021 pp 67 68 Retrieved 20 June 2021 About DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved 2018 02 11 ARPA DARPA and Jason Military Embedded Systems Retrieved 2018 04 17 Stefanie Tompkins Appointed 23rd DARPA Director DARPA 2021 03 15 Retrieved 2021 03 18 DARPA Mission darpa mil Archived from the original on 2017 04 30 Retrieved 2021 06 28 Subcommittee On Military Construction United States Congress Senate Committee on Armed Services 1958 Fiscal Year 1958 Supplemental Military Construction Authorization Air Force Hearings Eighty fifth Congress Second Session on H R 9739 Steve Crocker 15 March 2022 Internet Policy Why the World Must Resist Calls to Undermine the Internet IETF Discussion Mailing list I was at D ARPA from mid 1971 to mid 1974 520 million appropriation and a 2 billion budget plan Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet p 20 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition Roy Johnson ARPA s first director was like his boss a businessman At age fifty two he had been personally recruited by McElroy who convinced him to leave a 160 000 job with General Electric and take an 18 000 job in Washington Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet p 21 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition Herbert York whom Killian had been keen on was given the job and moved to ARPA from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet p 21 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition The staff of ARPA saw an opportunity to redefine the agency as a group that would take on the really advanced far out research The scientific community predictably rallied to the call for a reinvention of ARPA as a high risk high gain research sponsor the kind of R amp D shop they had dreamed of all along Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet pp 21 22 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition In early 1961 ARPA s second director Brigadier General Austin W Betts resigned Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet pp 23 24 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition Ruina raised ARPA s annual budget to 250 million Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet p 23 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition J C R Licklider Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins Of The Internet pp 27 39 Simon amp Schuster Kindle Edition projects in ballistic missile defense and nuclear test detection couched in terms of basic research were the top priorities Lyon Matthew Hafner Katie 1999 08 19 Where Wizards Stay Up Late The Origins of the Internet p 23 Simon amp Schuster Kindle edition Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency United States government Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2021 05 19 Helen E Worth Mame Warren 2009 Transit to Tomorrow Fifty Years of Space Research at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2020 12 26 Retrieved 2013 03 03 Catherine Alexandrow Apr 2008 The Story of GPS Archived from the original on 2011 06 29 DARPA 50 Years of Bridging the Gap Apr 2008 Archived from the original on 2011 05 06 Stefanie Chiou Craig Music Kara Sprague Rebekah Wahba 5 Dec 2001 A Marriage of Convenience The Founding of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2011 05 14 Oral History Bertram Raphael IEEE Global History Network Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Archived from the original on 2013 05 16 Retrieved 2012 02 25 Kenneth J Waldron Vincent J Vohnout Arrie Pery Robert B McGhee 1 June 1984 Configuration Design of the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle The International Journal of Robotics Research 3 2 37 48 doi 10 1177 027836498400300204 S2CID 110409452 Not so long ago in an OSU engineering lab nearby The Ohio State University 30 November 2012 Staff Wired 2004 02 04 Pentagon Kills LifeLog Project Wired Retrieved 2019 03 06 The Washington Times Pentagon Agency Breaks Ground October 29 2009 Casey Tina 2012 01 28 Forget the Moon Colony Newt DARPA Aims for 100 Year Starship CleanTechnica Retrieved 2012 08 25 Grady Mary June 5 2016 NASA and DARPA plan to release new X Planes Yahoo Tech Archived from the original on June 11 2016 Retrieved June 8 2016 Howley Daniel 17 July 2016 Darpa to create Cyber Grand Challenge to fight security vulnerabilities Archived from the original on 18 July 2016 Retrieved 17 July 2016 Cyber Grand Challenge CGC DARPA Archived from the original on 10 June 2019 Retrieved 26 April 2020 DARPA demonstrates 6 new technologies behind the agile combat vehicles of tomorrow New Atlas June 26 2018 David Szondy 8 September 2020 DARPA US Air Force hypersonic air breathing weapon ready for free flight New Atlas Cohen Rachel S 20 November 2020 Meet New DARPA Director Victoria Coleman Air Force Magazine Retrieved 21 November 2020 Contracts for September 30 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 06 Contracts for March 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 06 Contracts for June 2 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 06 Contracts for October 22 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 06 Contracts for September 17 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 06 DARPA DSO Home Page 2 December 1998 Archived from the original on 2 December 1998 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency www darpa mil Archived from the original on 2019 12 05 Retrieved 2021 08 16 a b DARPA Offices Archived from the original on 2009 10 15 Retrieved 2009 11 08 DARPA Offices Retrieved 2009 11 08 DARPA Launches Biological Technologies Office Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 1 April 2014 Joanne Sandstrom The United States and Thailand PDF digitalassets lib berkeley edu Berkeley edu Archived PDF from the original on 2021 07 22 Retrieved 22 July 2021 DARPA restructures creates new offices Defense Daily 1991 Archived from the original on 2012 07 08 Embedded Clouds A Look Back at HPEC 2010 HPCwire 2010 09 22 Archived from the original on 7 July 2015 Retrieved 7 July 2015 Schedule sxsw com SXSW Schedule 2014 Archived from the original on 9 September 2015 Retrieved 7 July 2015 Klabukov Ilya Alekhin Maksim Yakovets Andrey 2017 DARPA SETA Support FY2010 FY2015 Database Figshare doi 10 6084 m9 figshare 4759186 v2 ACTUV Sea Hunter Prototype Transitions to Office of Naval Research for Further Development www darpa mil Retrieved 2020 06 05 New Budget Will Feature 6th Gen Fighter Defensenews com 28 January 2015 Contracts for December 29 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 01 28 Contracts for November 18 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 01 25 You J 2015 DARPA sets out to automate research Science 347 6221 465 Bibcode 2015Sci 347 465Y doi 10 1126 science 347 6221 465 PMID 25635066 Contracts for July 1 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 DARPA to begin new effort to build military constellations in low Earth orbit SpaceNews 31 May 2018 accessed 22 August 2018 Contracts for June 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for June 12 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for June 9 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for August 26 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 DARPA calls on industry to develop compact push button wall MarineCorpstimes com 5 July 2014 Clark Stephen U S military s X 37B spaceplane lands in Florida Spaceflight Now Retrieved 2020 06 05 DARPA s Captive Air Amphibious Transporter can drive on water help during disaster relief video Engadget Retrieved 2020 06 05 Fein Geoff July 6 2018 DARPA seeks to model conflicts for military planners Jane s Information Group HR001117S0012 Causal Exploration of Complex Operational Environments Causal Exploration Frequently Asked Questions PDF DARPA January 17 2017 Archived from the original PDF on July 10 2018 Retrieved July 9 2018 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2014 07 24 Retrieved 2014 09 04 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link DARPA invites industry to explore collaborative UAV technology Archived 2015 02 03 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal com 23 January 2015 Pentagon issues call for drones that hunt like a pack of wolves Archived 2015 02 03 at the Wayback Machine Defensesystems com 22 January 2015 DARPA Solicitation Number SN03 13 Pre Solicitation Notice COMBAT ZONES THAT SEE CTS Wikisource Contracts for June 19 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 What It Feels Like to Shoot With the Military s Experimental Smart Scope Archived 2015 05 06 at the Wayback Machine Gizmodo com 28 April 2015 DARPA neXt Generation Communications Program SSC Archived from the original on 2019 01 01 Retrieved 2019 09 19 Contracts for October 27 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 01 25 Experimental Spaceplane www darpa mil Retrieved 2019 02 25 DARPA solicits tender for UAV urban operation algorithms Archived 2015 02 03 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal com 23 December 2014 Smith Dr Jonathan M Fast Network Interface Cards FastNICs Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 Contracts for May 5 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for June 11 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Falcon DARPA 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 08 22 Airlaunchllc News Airlaunch Archived from the original on 2008 05 14 Wrobel Dr Mark Gamma Ray Inspection Technology GRIT www darpa mil Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for March 20 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for January 24 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for February 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 The Military Wants Swarm Bots It Can Retrieve in Midair Archived 2015 09 01 at the Wayback Machine Defenseone com 28 August 2015 DARPA Unveils Drone Slaying War Laser Fast Company 2012 03 08 Retrieved 2018 11 21 High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System HELLADS 2006 03 22 Archived from the original on 2006 03 22 Retrieved 2018 11 21 DARPA Selects IBM for Supercomputing Grand Challenge www 03 ibm com 2006 11 21 Retrieved 2018 11 21 American military backs an entirely new kind of processor Engadget com 2017 06 11 Retrieved 2018 01 14 DARPA s Plan to Flood the Sea With Drones Carrying More Drones Archived 2016 12 21 at the Wayback Machine Wired com 13 September 2013 Contracts for July 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 DARPA Enlists Insects to Protect Agricultural Food Supply and Commodity Crops www darpa mil Retrieved 2019 06 10 Broad Agency Announcement Insect Allies Biological Technologies Office HR001117S0002 November 1 2016 FedBizOpps gov 2016 Wiederhold Gio June 1993 Intelligent integration of information ACM SIGMOD Record 22 2 434 437 doi 10 1145 170036 170118 Contracts for December 21 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 01 26 Contracts for December 21 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 11 Contracts for January 15 2021 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 11 Keeler Dr Gordon Lasers for Universal Microscale Optical Systems LUMOS Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 Contracts for September 14 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for February 21 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Media Forensics MediFor DARPA Retrieved June 25 2018 Hsu Jeremy June 22 2018 Experts Bet on First Deepfakes Political Scandal IEEE Spectrum The threat is real enough that the U S Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA has funded a Media Forensics project aimed at finding ways to automatically screen for Deepfake videos and similarly deceptive examples of digital media Hancock Dr Timothy Millimeter wave GaN Maturation MGM Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 Contracts for September 8 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Keeler Gordon Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks MOABB Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 Contracts for September 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Raytheon tests motor for DARPA s MAD FIRES self defense interceptor UPI Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for August 31 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 DARPA N ZERO program seeks to reduce or eliminate need for standby power on unattended sensors Archived 2015 02 15 at the Wayback Machine Militaryaerospace com 9 February 2015 Pentagon Rolls Out DARPA Plan To Implant Chips In Soldiers Brains The Rundown Live therundownlive com 15 February 2014 Archived from the original on 3 June 2017 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Pentagon wants to fit soldiers with a little black box brain implant Geek com geek com 10 February 2014 Archived from the original on 30 March 2017 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Contracts for October 30 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 01 25 Stults Lt Col Joshua Operational Fires OpFires Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved January 31 2021 Contracts for July 17 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats www darpa mil Archived from the original on 2020 04 06 Retrieved 2020 04 06 Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout QuASAR www darpa mil Retrieved 2018 01 12 Quantum effects in Biological Environments QuBE www darpa mil Retrieved 2018 01 12 Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology QuEST DARPA BAA 08 24 PDF open grants insidegov com Retrieved 2018 01 11 permanent dead link Quiness www darpa mil Retrieved 2018 01 11 The Race to Bring Quantum Teleportation to Your World WIRED Retrieved 2018 01 11 Quantum Key Distribution Network www darpa mil Retrieved 2018 01 11 Status of the DARPA BBN Quantum Network PDF DARPA announces QuIST Program BAA www govcon com Retrieved 2018 01 11 Weiss Walter Rapid Attack Detection Isolation and Characterization Systems RADICS Retrieved March 1 2021 Technologies to rapidly restore the electrical grid after cyberattack come online Tech Xplore March 1 2021 Retrieved March 1 2021 Contracts for December 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 01 26 Roesler Gordon Jaffe Paul Henshaw Glen Pagano Alyssa 29 Jul 2017 Robot Mechanic Could Prevent Satellites From Becoming Space Junk IEEE Spectrum Technology Engineering and Science News Ewen Callaway 2009 10 01 Free flying cyborg insects steered from a distance New Scientist Archived from the original on 2010 04 13 Retrieved 2010 04 04 U S Military Preps for Gene Drives Run Amok Archived 2016 12 21 at the Wayback Machine ScientificAmerican com 18 November 2016 Contracts for September 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for September 10 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for August 25 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for September 11 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Baron Dr Joshua Securing Information for Encrypted Verification and Evaluation SIEVE Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 Contracts for April 17 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for April 30 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for July 23 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for July 29 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Williams Terri 2017 12 11 Department of Defense develops plant biotechnology program as latest surveillance tool against CBRN threats Homeland Preparedness News Retrieved 2017 12 27 Murtha Alex DARPA develops pocket sized affordable networked radiation sensor Homeland Preparedness News No 26 August 2016 Archived from the original on 30 March 2017 Retrieved 29 August 2016 Wrobel Dr Mark SIGMA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 DARPA unveils new SoSITE program for maintaining air superiority Archived 2016 03 05 at the Wayback Machine Airrecognition com 1 April 2015 Zetter Kim Maiberg Emanuel 2019 03 14 DARPA Is Building a 10 Million Open Source Secure Voting System Vice Retrieved 2019 06 01 DARPA s Squad X Core Technologies program looks to create smarter more aware infantry squads Archived 2015 02 14 at the Wayback Machine Gizmag com 10 February 2015 Srinivasa N Cruz Albrecht J M January 2012 Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics Analog Learning Systems IEEE Pulse 3 1 51 56 doi 10 1109 mpul 2011 2175639 ISSN 2154 2287 PMID 22344953 S2CID 20042976 DARPA gives Lockheed 147 3 million to research Hypersonic Tactical Boost Glide Missiles NextBigFuture com nextbigfuture com 20 September 2016 Archived from the original on 30 March 2017 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Lockheed to Build a Mach 20 Hypersonic Weapon System popularmechanics com 21 September 2016 Archived from the original on 18 May 2017 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Raytheon wins DARPA TBG contract modification Archived 2015 05 18 at the Wayback Machine Shephardmedia com 4 May 2015 Dr Peter Erbland Lt Col Joshua Stults Tactical Boost Glide TBG Theresa Hitchens February 27 2020 Lockheed Martin Air Force Press Ahead On Air Launched Hypersonic Missile HSW ab note Tactical Boost Glide TBG competitor Raytheon was awarded a TBG concept maturation contract for 63 3 million in 2019 DARPA Navy want long range ISR drones for smaller ships Archived 2014 11 12 at the Wayback Machine Defensesystems com 13 June 2014 CAN YOU DESIGN BUILD AND FLY THE NEXT GENERATION UAV Darpa mil 2011 05 25 Archived from the original on 2011 05 29 Retrieved 2011 07 14 DARPA s ULTRA Vis Augments Reality For Foot Troops Archived 2014 12 21 at the Wayback Machine Breakingdefense com 21 May 2014 Contracts for March 5 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Contracts for March 5 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Pentagon plans to seed ocean floor with payloads waiting to be activated Archived 2014 11 11 at the Wayback Machine Defensesystems com 27 March 2014 Russell Dr Bartlett Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy URSA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Retrieved February 5 2021 Contracts for September 30 2020 U S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Retrieved 2021 02 05 Ackerman Spencer 2013 02 25 Darpa Wants to Rethink the Helicopter to Make It Go Way Faster Wired Archived from the original on 2013 02 26 Retrieved 2013 02 26 DARPA s Warrior Web project may provide super human enhancements Archived 2014 12 04 at the Wayback Machine Army mil 5 May 2014 XDATA 8 May 2012 Archived from the original on 8 May 2012 Retrieved 6 June 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Jetpacks Help Soldiers Run At The Speed Of Olympic Athletes Archived 2015 05 01 at the Wayback Machine Businessinsider com 12 September 2014 he Modern Weaponry of the World s Armed Forces 2017 04 24 ISBN 9781946983794 A history of the Joint Strike Fighter Program Martin Baker Retrieved 4 August 2010 Marcus Foth 31 December 2008 Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics The Practice and Promise of the Real Time City The Practice and Promise of the Real Time City IGI Global ISBN 978 1 60566 153 7 The very first interactive street view is Aspen Movie Map Duarte Fabio Alvarez Ricardo 3 August 2021 Urban Play Make Believe Technology and Space MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 36226 9 the first virtual travel system in what could be considered an early precursor of Google s Street View Eede Yoni Van Den Irwin Stacey O Neal Wellner Galit 23 June 2017 Postphenomenology and Media Essays on Human Media World Relations Lexington Books ISBN 978 1 4985 5015 4 the first detailed VR simulation of an actual town Shachtman Noah 2012 02 14 Darpa s Magic Plan Battlefield Illusions to Mess With Enemy Minds Wired Archived from the original on 2014 03 29 Archived copy Archived from the original on 2012 03 15 Retrieved 2012 05 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Ground X Vehicles GXV T Archived Retrieved 2020 04 19 DARPA Network Challenge Darpa mil Archived from the original on 2011 08 11 Retrieved 2010 04 04 DARPA Shredder Challenge DARPA Archived from the original on 2011 10 28 Retrieved 2011 10 27 Warwick Graham May 22 2009 Darpa Plans Triple Target Missile Demo Aviation Week Archived from the original on November 28 2011 DARPA Spectrum Challenge Darpa mil Archived from the original on 2014 06 11 Retrieved 2014 06 10 HAARP Fact Sheet HAARP 15 June 2007 Archived from the original on 7 October 2009 Retrieved 3 July 2018 Walker Steven Sherk Jeffrey Shell Dale Schena Ronald Bergmann John Gladbach Jonathan 2008 The DARPA AF Falcon Program The Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 HTV 2 Flight Demonstration Phase 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference doi 10 2514 6 2008 2539 ISBN 978 1 60086 985 3 Meshworm DARPA MIT robot a sluggish breakthrough in soft robotics Slate Magazine 13 August 2012 Archived from the original on 7 July 2015 Retrieved 7 July 2015 DARPA Kicks Off Mind s Eye program PDF Darpa mil 2011 01 04 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 01 24 Retrieved 2010 01 12 Military Wants Next Generation Night Vision Goggles Archived 2014 11 03 at the Wayback Machine Kitup Military com 30 September 2014 Next gen night vision would enable troops to see farther clearer Archived 2014 11 26 at archive today Armytimes com 12 October 2014 DARPA Develops Mountable One Shot Sniper System Archived 2014 12 20 at the Wayback Machine Kitup Military com 8 February 2014 a b Ferster Warren 2013 05 17 DARPA Cancels Formation flying Satellite Demo Space News Archived from the original on November 1 2013 Retrieved 2013 11 01 Graham Warwick 2013 01 23 Darpa Touts Progress On GEO Satellite Recycling Concept Aviation Week Archived from the original on 2013 05 01 Retrieved 2013 01 25 a b Gruss Mike 2014 03 21 DARPA Space Budget Increase Includes M for Spaceplane Space News Archived from the original on March 24 2014 Retrieved 2014 03 24 Hulse Carl 29 July 2003 THREATS AND RESPONSES PLANS AND CRITICISMS Pentagon Prepares A Futures Market On Terror Attacks The New York Times Lundin Leigh July 7 2013 Pam Prism and Poindexter Spying Washington SleuthSayers Retrieved January 4 2014 Policy Analysis Market and the Political Yuck www sirc org I3 Initiative Home Page Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 7 July 2015 STO WolfPack Darpa mil Strategic Technology Office Archived from the original on 4 March 2010 Retrieved 2010 04 04 Victor Appleton II 1961 Tom Swift and the Visitor from Planet X Archived 2007 09 26 at the Wayback Machine originally published by Grosset amp Dunlap of New York now re published by Project Gutenberg ARPA is referred to on page 68 published 1961 Numb3ers Season 1 Episode 5 Archived 2010 03 25 at the Wayback Machine and Season 5 Episode 17 Archived 2010 05 13 at the Wayback Machine Robinson Tasha December 9 2016 Spectral review Netflix s new movie is Gears of War meets Aliens on the cheap The Verge Retrieved September 14 2020 Further reading EditThe Advanced Research Projects Agency 1958 1974 Archived 2019 08 22 at the Wayback Machine Barber Associates December 1975 DARPA Technical Accomplishments 1958 1990 Archived 2019 08 22 at the Wayback Machine Volumes 1 3 Richard H Van Atta Sidney G Reed Seymour J Deitchman et al Institute for Defense Analyses January 1990 March 1991 Belfiore Michael 2009 The Department of Mad Scientists How DARPA Is Remaking Our World from the Internet to Artificial Limbs Harper ISBN 9780061577932 OCLC 310399265 William Saletan writes of Belfiore s book that His tone is reverential and at times breathless but he captures the agency s essential virtues boldness creativity agility practicality and speed Saletan William December 24 2009 The Body Electric The New York Times Castell Manuel The Network Society A Cross cultural Perspective Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Cheltenham UK 2004 Jacobsen Annie The Pentagon s Brain An Uncensored History of DARPA America s Top Secret Military Research Agency Little Brown and Company 2015 ISBN 978 0316371766 OCLC 900012161 Norberg Arthur Lawrence O Neill Judy Elizabeth Freedman Kerry J 1996 Transforming Computer Technology Information Processing for the Pentagon 1962 1986 Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 5152 0 Sargent John F Jr February 21 2018 Defense Science and Technology Funding PDF Washington DC Congressional Research Service Archived PDF from the original on 2018 06 05 Retrieved 26 March 2018 Sedgwick John August 1991 The Men from DARPA Playboy Vol 3 no 8 pp 108 109 122 154 156 Weinberger Sharon The Imagineers of War The Untold Story of DARPA the Pentagon Agency that Changed the World New York Alfred A Knopf 2017 ISBN 9780385351799 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA Home Page www darpa org 8 May 1999 Ongoing Research Programs Declassified DARPA documents OSD amp Joint Staff FOIA Service DARPA FY2015 Research Program Breakthrough Technologies for National Security DARPA March 2015 approved for public release distribution unlimited Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title DARPA amp oldid 1141732067, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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