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Let L-410 Turbolet

January 08, 2023

The Let L-410 Turbolet is a twin-engine short-range transport aircraft, manufactured by the Czech aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice (named Aircraft Industries since 2005), often used as an airliner. The aircraft is capable of landing on short and unpaved runways and operating under extreme conditions from −50 to +50 °C (−58 to 122 °F). By 2016, 1,200 L-410s had been built, and over 350 are in service in more than 50 countries.[1]

L-410 Turbolet
Role Regional airliner, cargo aircraft
Manufacturer Let Kunovice
First flight 16 April 1969
Introduction 1970
Status In service
Produced 1971–present
Number built 1,200[1]
Variants Aircraft Industries L 410 NG

Development

 
Walter M601 engine installation
 
Commuter cabin

Development of the L-410 was started in the 1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice. The Soviet airline Aeroflot was looking for a turboprop-powered replacement for the Antonov An-2 aircraft, initiating the design development by Let. After preliminary studies of an aircraft called the L-400, a new version was introduced called the L-410 Turbolet. The first prototype, designated XL-410, flew on April 16, 1969. Because of delays in the development of a suitable Czech engine (Walter M601), the prototype and first production version were powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-27 engines.

After M601 development was completed, the PT6 engine was replaced by M601 engines coupled with Avia V508 three-blade propellers and the next variant was introduced, the L-410M.

A further version for Aeroflot was the L-410 UVP. This has improved performance in take-off and landing due to increased wing and tail area - STOL. However, due to an increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity, the aircraft had a decreased seating capacity of 15 passengers.

The L-410 UVP-E (the most common variant of the L-410) has increased maximum take-off weight to 6,400 kg (14,100 lb), M601E engines with increased power, new five-blade propellers designated V 510 and the provision for wing tip tanks to increase fuel quantity. First flight was made in 1984, and production started in 1986.

The L-410 UVP-E9 and UVP-E20 are versions which vary from each other only by minor changes arising from various certification regulations. The last L-410 family member is the L-420 which uses the new Walter engine variant, the M601F. Currently produced L-410 UVP-E20s are powered by next derivative of M601 engine designated as GE H80-200 and new Avia Propeller AV-725 five blade propellers.

The L-420 was first approved by the US FAA on March 11, 1998, then the L-410 UVP-E20 on June 30, 2015.[2] The L-410 UVP-E20 was EASA certified on 4 February 2005 on the other variants on 28 March 2007.[3]

On 3 September 2013 the Russian company UGMK (Iskander Machmudov) became the wholesale owner of LET Kunovice Aircraft Industries. They announced that they would produce the L-410 also in Russia within the year.[4] On 7 July 2015 UGMK represented first L 410 NG aircraft manufactured in Russia.[5]

Design

 
Landing on snow

The L-410 UVP-E is an unpressurized all-metal high-wing commuter aircraft, with Avia V 510 five-blade propellers. It is equipped with a retractable undercarriage. The aircraft uses two hydraulic circuits: main and emergency. The main electrical system operates with 28V DC. The de-icing system is leading edge pneumatic deicers and electrical heating of propellers, cockpit windshields and pitot-static system heads. Maximum take-off weight of the L-410 UVP-E is 6400 kg with the possibility of an increase to 6,600 kg (14,600 lb) for the E9 and E20 variants, seating capacity 17 to 19. Cruise speed is 170 kn (310 km/h), maximum range about 770 nautical miles (1,430 km).[citation needed] The airplane is certified for IFR operation, CAT I ILS approach, and flights in icing conditions.

The L 410 UVP-E20 is certified on the basis of FAR 23 either Amendment 34 or Amendment 41. It is certified by the EU, the Russian Federation, the US, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Cuba, India, Nepal, Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, Republic of South Africa, Algeria, Australia, Taiwan, Turkey, and many other countries accepting some of the previous certificates.[6] The aircraft has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries, such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea and others.

Variants

 
L-410UVP-E Cockpit
  • L-410: Prototype, three units built.
  • L-410A: First series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 turbo-prop engines. Twelve built.
    • L-410AB: Version with four-bladed propellers.
    • L-410AF: Aerial photo version supplied to Hungary.
    • L-410AG: With modified equipment. Never built.
    • L-410AS: Test aircraft, supplied to the USSR. Five airplanes built
  • L-410FG: Aerial photography version based on L-410UVP
  • L-410M: Second series with Walter M601A engines.
    • L-410AM: Version with improved M601Bs, also known as L-410MA or L-410MU.
  • L-410 UVP: (Ukorochennaya vzlot-posadka, "short take-off and landing") Third series, fundamentally modified. Main changes are a trunk, an extended wingspan by 0.80 m (2.6 ft), M601Bs, a higher horizontal stabilizer. The UVP variants possesses STOL characteristics.
    • L-410 UVP-S: Salon variant of the UVP with upward hinged entrance hatch.
    • L-410 UVP-E: Re-equipped with M601Es, five-bladed Avia V510 propellers, additional fuel tanks at the wing ends.
    • L-410T: Transport variant of the UVP with larger loading hatch (1.25 by 1.46 metres or 4.1 by 4.8 feet), can transport 6 stretchers as a medical airplane with a medic, or 12 parachutists. It can also carry 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of cargo containers.
  • L-420: upgraded L-410 UVP-E - new M601Fs, certified variant of the L-410 UVP-E20
  • L 410 NG: New version featuring a longer nose and a larger rear area to contain twice as much luggage, new more powerful and quieter GE H85 engines with propellers Avia-725, new wing design and a new modern Garmin G3000 glass cockpit. It has a double range and more endurance compared to the original types. It made its first flight on 29 July 2015.[7] Power grew up to 850 shp (630 kW) instead of the previous 800 shp (600 kW) GE H80-200, speed increased to 223 kn (413 km/h). Maximum take-off weight rose 500 kg (1,100 lb) to 7,000 kg (15,000 lb) and range to 1,350 nmi (2,500 km) up from the original 820 nmi (1,520 km). Fuel capacity rose from 1,300 to 2,450 kg (2,870 to 5,400 lb) and endurance from 5 hours to 9 hours. FAA, EASA and Russian certification took place in late 2017.[8] Serial production began in March 2018.

Operators

 
Skydiving
Main article: List of Let L-410 Turbolet operators

Many L-410s were delivered to the former Soviet Union and ex-Soviet states and stayed there and in Russia, but some have been also sold to airlines in Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Forty aircraft are in use throughout Europe for commercial operations or skydiving.

Civilian

In July 2015, 178 Let L-410 were in airline service: 73 in Africa, 58 in Europe, 41 in Americas and 6 in Asia Pacific and the Middle East; its airline operators with four or more aircraft were:[9]

Notable accidents

Main article: List of accidents and incidents involving the Let L-410 Turbolet

The L 410 has experienced 116 accidents with 426 fatalities.[10][11] However, the operator's safety rating and operations procedures are more important than the aircraft design.[12]

Specifications (L-410 UVP-E20)

 
Below

Data from LET[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 19 passengers / 1,800 kg (3,968 lb) payload
  • Length: 14.42 m (47 ft 4 in)
  • Wingspan: 19.98 m (65 ft 7 in)
  • Height: 5.97 m (19 ft 7 in)
  • Wing area: 34.86 m2 (375.2 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 11.45
  • Airfoil: root: NACA 63A418; tip: NACA 63A412[13]
  • Empty weight: 4,200 kg (9,259 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 6,600 kg (14,551 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 1,300 kg (2,866 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × General Electric H80-200 turboprop engines, 597 kW (801 hp) each
  • Propellers: 5-bladed Avia AV 725, 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) diameter

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 405 km/h (252 mph, 219 kn) max cruise
  • Range: 1,500 km (930 mi, 810 nmi) 1,800 kg (3,968 lb) payload, ISA, FL140, 45 min reserve
  • Endurance: 5 hours 6 minutes
  • Service ceiling: 8,382 m (27,500 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 8.5 m/s (1,670 ft/min)
  • Fuel consumption: 240 kg/h (529 lb/h)
  • Take-off run: 510 m (1,673 ft) (ISA, SL, MTOW)
  • Landing run: 500 m (1,640 ft) (ISA, SL, MTOW)

See also

 
On ramp

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

  1. ^ a b c (PDF), LET, 2016, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-23
  2. ^ Type Certificate data sheet No. A42CE (PDF), FAA, June 24, 2016
  3. ^ (PDF), EASA, August 14, 2017, archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2017
  4. ^ "Новости NEWSru.com :: Чешский самолет L 410 окончательно станет российским". newsru.com. 2013-07-25. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  5. ^ "ВЗГЛЯД / УГМК представила новый российский самолет L-410 NG". vz.ru. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  6. ^ . LET. Archived from the original on 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
  7. ^ "Let L-410NG". Airliner World: 19. October 2015.
  8. ^ "ILA: Aircraft Industries targets 2016 sales for new L 410 turboprop". Flight International. 31 May 2016.
  9. ^ "World Airliner Census" (PDF). Flight Global. August 2015.
  10. ^ Ranter, Harro. "Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Aircraft type index > Let L 410 > Let L-410 Statistics". aviation-safety.net.
  11. ^ Oliver Smith (19 June 2013). "'Least safe' aircraft models revealed". The Telegraph.
  12. ^ Christine Forbes Smith (June 26, 2013). "Design of aircraft is rarely a crash factor".
  13. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Let L-410.
  • Official website
  • Fred George (Jun 17, 2013). "Pilot Report: L410 UVP Turbolet". Aviation Week Network.

January 08, 2023
turbolet, twin, engine, short, range, transport, aircraft, manufactured, czech, aircraft, manufacturer, kunovice, named, aircraft, industries, since, 2005, often, used, airliner, aircraft, capable, landing, short, unpaved, runways, operating, under, extreme, c. The Let L 410 Turbolet is a twin engine short range transport aircraft manufactured by the Czech aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice named Aircraft Industries since 2005 often used as an airliner The aircraft is capable of landing on short and unpaved runways and operating under extreme conditions from 50 to 50 C 58 to 122 F By 2016 1 200 L 410s had been built and over 350 are in service in more than 50 countries 1 L 410 TurboletRole Regional airliner cargo aircraftManufacturer Let KunoviceFirst flight 16 April 1969Introduction 1970Status In serviceProduced 1971 presentNumber built 1 200 1 Variants Aircraft Industries L 410 NG Contents 1 Development 2 Design 3 Variants 4 Operators 4 1 Civilian 5 Notable accidents 6 Specifications L 410 UVP E20 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksDevelopment EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Walter M601 engine installation Commuter cabin Development of the L 410 was started in the 1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice The Soviet airline Aeroflot was looking for a turboprop powered replacement for the Antonov An 2 aircraft initiating the design development by Let After preliminary studies of an aircraft called the L 400 a new version was introduced called the L 410 Turbolet The first prototype designated XL 410 flew on April 16 1969 Because of delays in the development of a suitable Czech engine Walter M601 the prototype and first production version were powered by Pratt amp Whitney Canada PT6 27 engines After M601 development was completed the PT6 engine was replaced by M601 engines coupled with Avia V508 three blade propellers and the next variant was introduced the L 410M A further version for Aeroflot was the L 410 UVP This has improved performance in take off and landing due to increased wing and tail area STOL However due to an increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity the aircraft had a decreased seating capacity of 15 passengers The L 410 UVP E the most common variant of the L 410 has increased maximum take off weight to 6 400 kg 14 100 lb M601E engines with increased power new five blade propellers designated V 510 and the provision for wing tip tanks to increase fuel quantity First flight was made in 1984 and production started in 1986 The L 410 UVP E9 and UVP E20 are versions which vary from each other only by minor changes arising from various certification regulations The last L 410 family member is the L 420 which uses the new Walter engine variant the M601F Currently produced L 410 UVP E20s are powered by next derivative of M601 engine designated as GE H80 200 and new Avia Propeller AV 725 five blade propellers The L 420 was first approved by the US FAA on March 11 1998 then the L 410 UVP E20 on June 30 2015 2 The L 410 UVP E20 was EASA certified on 4 February 2005 on the other variants on 28 March 2007 3 On 3 September 2013 the Russian company UGMK Iskander Machmudov became the wholesale owner of LET Kunovice Aircraft Industries They announced that they would produce the L 410 also in Russia within the year 4 On 7 July 2015 UGMK represented first L 410 NG aircraft manufactured in Russia 5 Design Edit Landing on snow The L 410 UVP E is an unpressurized all metal high wing commuter aircraft with Avia V 510 five blade propellers It is equipped with a retractable undercarriage The aircraft uses two hydraulic circuits main and emergency The main electrical system operates with 28V DC The de icing system is leading edge pneumatic deicers and electrical heating of propellers cockpit windshields and pitot static system heads Maximum take off weight of the L 410 UVP E is 6400 kg with the possibility of an increase to 6 600 kg 14 600 lb for the E9 and E20 variants seating capacity 17 to 19 Cruise speed is 170 kn 310 km h maximum range about 770 nautical miles 1 430 km citation needed The airplane is certified for IFR operation CAT I ILS approach and flights in icing conditions The L 410 UVP E20 is certified on the basis of FAR 23 either Amendment 34 or Amendment 41 It is certified by the EU the Russian Federation the US Brazil Argentina Chile Peru Venezuela Cuba India Nepal Philippines Korea Indonesia Republic of South Africa Algeria Australia Taiwan Turkey and many other countries accepting some of the previous certificates 6 The aircraft has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries such as Kenya Tanzania Uganda Tunisia Colombia Venezuela South Korea and others Variants Edit L 410UVP E Cockpit L 410 Prototype three units built L 410A First series with Pratt amp Whitney PT6A 27 turbo prop engines Twelve built L 410AB Version with four bladed propellers L 410AF Aerial photo version supplied to Hungary L 410AG With modified equipment Never built L 410AS Test aircraft supplied to the USSR Five airplanes built L 410FG Aerial photography version based on L 410UVP L 410M Second series with Walter M601A engines L 410AM Version with improved M601Bs also known as L 410MA or L 410MU L 410 UVP Ukorochennaya vzlot posadka short take off and landing Third series fundamentally modified Main changes are a trunk an extended wingspan by 0 80 m 2 6 ft M601Bs a higher horizontal stabilizer The UVP variants possesses STOL characteristics L 410 UVP S Salon variant of the UVP with upward hinged entrance hatch L 410 UVP E Re equipped with M601Es five bladed Avia V510 propellers additional fuel tanks at the wing ends L 410T Transport variant of the UVP with larger loading hatch 1 25 by 1 46 metres or 4 1 by 4 8 feet can transport 6 stretchers as a medical airplane with a medic or 12 parachutists It can also carry 1 000 kg 2 200 lb of cargo containers L 420 upgraded L 410 UVP E new M601Fs certified variant of the L 410 UVP E20 L 410 NG New version featuring a longer nose and a larger rear area to contain twice as much luggage new more powerful and quieter GE H85 engines with propellers Avia 725 new wing design and a new modern Garmin G3000 glass cockpit It has a double range and more endurance compared to the original types It made its first flight on 29 July 2015 7 Power grew up to 850 shp 630 kW instead of the previous 800 shp 600 kW GE H80 200 speed increased to 223 kn 413 km h Maximum take off weight rose 500 kg 1 100 lb to 7 000 kg 15 000 lb and range to 1 350 nmi 2 500 km up from the original 820 nmi 1 520 km Fuel capacity rose from 1 300 to 2 450 kg 2 870 to 5 400 lb and endurance from 5 hours to 9 hours FAA EASA and Russian certification took place in late 2017 8 Serial production began in March 2018 Operators Edit Skydiving Main article List of Let L 410 Turbolet operators Many L 410s were delivered to the former Soviet Union and ex Soviet states and stayed there and in Russia but some have been also sold to airlines in Asia Africa Central America and South America Forty aircraft are in use throughout Europe for commercial operations or skydiving Civilian Edit In July 2015 178 Let L 410 were in airline service 73 in Africa 58 in Europe 41 in Americas and 6 in Asia Pacific and the Middle East its airline operators with four or more aircraft were 9 25 Air Tec Global 8 Orenburzhie Air Company 7 Searca 5 Kin Avia and Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky Air Enterprise 4 Air Express Algeria Eagle Air Solenta Aviation 2nd Arkhangelsk United Aviation Division Van Air Europe Komiaviatrans KrasAvia Air Guyane Express and ComeraviaNotable accidents EditMain article List of accidents and incidents involving the Let L 410 Turbolet The L 410 has experienced 116 accidents with 426 fatalities 10 11 However the operator s safety rating and operations procedures are more important than the aircraft design 12 Specifications L 410 UVP E20 Edit Below Data from LET 1 General characteristicsCrew 2 Capacity 19 passengers 1 800 kg 3 968 lb payload Length 14 42 m 47 ft 4 in Wingspan 19 98 m 65 ft 7 in Height 5 97 m 19 ft 7 in Wing area 34 86 m2 375 2 sq ft Aspect ratio 11 45 Airfoil root NACA 63A418 tip NACA 63A412 13 Empty weight 4 200 kg 9 259 lb Max takeoff weight 6 600 kg 14 551 lb Fuel capacity 1 300 kg 2 866 lb Powerplant 2 General Electric H80 200 turboprop engines 597 kW 801 hp each Propellers 5 bladed Avia AV 725 2 3 m 7 ft 7 in diameterPerformance Cruise speed 405 km h 252 mph 219 kn max cruise Range 1 500 km 930 mi 810 nmi 1 800 kg 3 968 lb payload ISA FL140 45 min reserve Endurance 5 hours 6 minutes Service ceiling 8 382 m 27 500 ft Rate of climb 8 5 m s 1 670 ft min Fuel consumption 240 kg h 529 lb h Take off run 510 m 1 673 ft ISA SL MTOW Landing run 500 m 1 640 ft ISA SL MTOW See also Edit On ramp Czech Republic portal Aviation portalRelated development Aircraft Industries L 410 NGAircraft of comparable role configuration and era Antonov An 28 PZL M28 Skytruck Beriev Be 30 Britten Norman Trislander CASA C 212 Aviocar de Havilland Canada DHC 6 Twin Otter Dornier 228 Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante Harbin Y 12 IAI Arava Short SC 7 SkyvanReferences Edit a b c L 410 UVP E20 brochure PDF LET 2016 archived from the original PDF on 2019 04 23 Type Certificate data sheet No A42CE PDF FAA June 24 2016 Type Certificate data sheet A 026 Issue 22 PDF EASA August 14 2017 archived from the original PDF on August 18 2017 Novosti NEWSru com Cheshskij samolet L 410 okonchatelno stanet rossijskim newsru com 2013 07 25 Retrieved 7 March 2016 VZGLYaD UGMK predstavila novyj rossijskij samolet L 410 NG vz ru Retrieved 7 March 2016 Certificates L 410 LET Archived from the original on 2017 08 18 Retrieved 2017 08 17 Let L 410NG Airliner World 19 October 2015 ILA Aircraft Industries targets 2016 sales for new L 410 turboprop Flight International 31 May 2016 World Airliner Census PDF Flight Global August 2015 Ranter Harro Aviation Safety Network gt ASN Aviation Safety Database gt Aircraft type index gt Let L 410 gt Let L 410 Statistics aviation safety net Oliver Smith 19 June 2013 Least safe aircraft models revealed The Telegraph Christine Forbes Smith June 26 2013 Design of aircraft is rarely a crash factor Lednicer David The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage m selig ae illinois edu Retrieved 16 April 2019 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Let L 410 Official website Fred George Jun 17 2013 Pilot Report L410 UVP Turbolet Aviation Week Network Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Let L 410 Turbolet amp oldid 1126120408, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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