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Kroll Inc.

April 09, 2023

Kroll is an American corporate investigation and risk consulting firm established in 1972 and based in New York City.[1] In 2018, Kroll was acquired by Duff & Phelps.[2] In 2021, Duff & Phelps decided to rebrand itself as Kroll, a process it completed in 2022.[3]

Kroll
IndustryCorporate investigation
Risk consulting
Founded1972; 51 years ago (1972)
FounderJules Kroll
Headquarters
New York City
,
United States
Number of locations
72
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
OwnerKroll, LLC
Number of employees
6,500
Websitewww.kroll.com

History

Kroll was founded in 1972 by Jules Kroll as a consultancy servicing corporate purchasing departments.[4]

Kroll began its line of work in financial sector investigations in the 1980s when corporations approached Kroll to profile investors, suitors, and takeover targets.[5]

In the 1990s, Kroll expanded into forensic accounting, background screening, drug testing, electronic data recovery, and market intelligence.[5]

In 1997, Kroll merged with vehicle armoring company O'Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt to form Kroll-O'Gara.[6][7] The company became public and was listed on the NASDAQ as "KROG".[citation needed] In August 2001, the O’Gara vehicle armoring businesses were sold to Armor Holdings,[8] and the company's name was changed to Kroll Inc.[7][9] and its ticker symbol to "KROL".[citation needed]

In 2002, Kroll acquired restructuring firm Zolfo Cooper for $153 million. At the time, Zolfo Cooper was working on the Enron case.[10]

In July 2004, Kroll was acquired by professional services firm Marsh & McLennan Companies in a $1.9-billion transaction.[11]

In June 2008, Jules Kroll left Kroll Inc.[12]

In August 2010, Kroll was acquired by Altegrity, Inc. in an all-cash transaction valued at $1.13 billion. Altegrity declared bankruptcy in 2015,[13] and Kroll was later bought by Corporate Risk Holdings, LLC.[14]

On October 21, 2016, Carlyle Group-owned LDiscovery purchased Kroll Ontrack for around $410 million[15] and operated it as a separate company.[citation needed] In 2018, Kroll acquired cybersecurity firm Tiversa.[16]

On June 4, 2018, Duff & Phelps purchased Kroll Inc.[2] In February 2021, Duff & Phelps announced plans to unify the companies under the Kroll brand, which completed in February 2022.[17][18]

On March 25, 2021, Kroll announced that it had acquired Redscan, a UK based cyber security company.[19] In March 2022, Kroll acquired Canadian risk intelligence software company Resolver.[20]

Services

Background screening

Kroll's background screening division provides screening services for areas such as employment, supplier selection, investment placement and institutional admissions. Kroll's Background Screening division also includes the Kroll Fraud Solutions unit, which specializes in identity theft protection and identity restoration services.[21]

Security consulting

Kroll offers consulting services through Kroll Security Group, its Security Consulting and Security Engineering & Design division.

In 2020, Kroll was hired by the Austin Police Department to evaluate the department's policies and protocols for racism and discrimination. They presented their findings to the Austin city council in March 2021.[22]

Social media

Kroll's business and investigations practice provides background checks on Instagram influencers, using publicly-accessible online information to prevent them being 'cancelled' for problematic or potentially disreputable behaviour (e.g. tweets which includes offensive language or content).[23][24]

Other work

An agreement between the government of Ghana and Kroll for the firm to retrieve assets and investigate wrongdoings by previous appointments was subject to two lawsuits in 2020, challenging the constitutionality of the agreement.[25] Both lawsuits were dropped in April 2021.[26]

Kroll was hired in 2018 by Michigan State University during the Larry Nassar case to investigate over 170 sexual assault cases at the university.[27]

Notable cases

The Heroin Trail case

In 1987, in the prominent First Amendment case over The Heroin Trail stories in New York Newsday, attorney Floyd Abrams enlisted Kroll's help to find an eyewitness: "But was it conceivable that we could come up with an eyewitness who could be of help? I called Jules Kroll, the CEO of Kroll Associates, the nation's most acclaimed investigative firm, to ask him if he could inquire, through the extensive range of former law enforcement officials employed by him, whether Karaduman was known to be a drug trafficker in Istanbul."[28] Two weeks into the trial Kroll produced Faraculah Arras, who was prepared to testify he was involved in one of Karaduman's drug deals. "I was stunned," recalled Abrams.

Abrams used Kroll again in 1998 to investigate claims by CNN's Newsstand documentary that sarin nerve gas had been used in Vietnam in 1970 as part of Operation Tailwind.[29]

The John Fredriksen oil theft case

Kroll assisted in the trial of Norwegian shipping tycoon John Fredriksen at the end of the 1980s.[citation needed]

Brazilian privatization

Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Daniel Dantas, the company in question, André Esteves, Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Dario Messer signed a schedule agreement to privatize Brazilian state-owned enterprises.[30]

WTC and Sears Tower security

Kroll were responsible for revamping security at the World Trade Center after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.[31][32] They also took on responsibility for security at Chicago's Sears Tower following the September 11, 2001 attacks.[33] Just prior to the September 11 attacks, Kroll Inc., under the guidance of Jerome Hauer, the managing director of their Crisis and Consulting Management Group,[14] hired former FBI special investigator John P. O'Neill,[34] who specialized in the Al-Qaeda network held responsible for the 1993 bombing, to head the security at the WTC complex. O'Neill died in the attacks.[35]

Capital outflows from the Soviet Union and Russia

In March 1992, the Yeltsin government contracted Kroll to track down large sums of money removed from the Soviet Union prior to the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.[36][37] On March 15, 1992, following accusations from First Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Timurovich Gaidar of "large-scale privatization by the nomenklatura", the Russian government froze all capital outflows from Russia, and eventually, the assets of the Vneshekonombank.[37][38]

Despite investigators stating they received very little support from Russian authorities, Kroll determined more than $14 billion (in 1991 real dollars) had been transferred from Switzerland to New York prior to the putsch (mostly in joint-stock companies, such as the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures),[38][39] and that another $40 billion plus (in 2014 dollars) had been transferred out of Russia by the Communist Party and other government agencies of the former Soviet Union, through hundreds of illicit transactions.[40] This outflow of capital contributed to severe economic conditions in Russia during Boris Yeltsin’s second term.[36]

2014 Moldovan bank fraud scandal

On 28 January 2015, the National Bank of Moldova hired Kroll to present its findings from Project Tenor involving Ilan Shor's Shor Holding and the 2014 Moldovan bank fraud scandal which was part of the Russian Laundromat.[41]

Harvey Weinstein

In 2015 Kroll was hired by Harvey Weinstein to wipe evidence of sexual abuse from the electronic devices of Ambra Gutierrez as part of a settlement he reached with her. Weinstein had frequent interactions with Kroll especially when trying to find discrediting information about potential critics and accusers.[42]

References

  1. ^ Scanlon, Scott (12 October 2021). "Miller Black Associates Recruits Chief People Officer for Kroll Business Services". Hunt Scanlon Media. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Banerji, Gunjan (March 13, 2018). "Duff & Phelps to Buy Corporate-Investigations Firm Kroll". The Wall Street Journal. The New York Times, New York City, United States. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
  3. ^ "Kroll completes brand unification". consulting.us. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
  4. ^ Finnegan, William (19 October 2009). "The Secret Keeper: Jules Kroll and the world of corporate intelligence". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Kroll Associates, Inc. Releases Its Initial Report on the APD Training Academy | AustinTexas.gov". austintexas.gov. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  6. ^ Miller, James P. (16 November 1999). "Kroll-O'Gara Management Agrees to Buy Out Firm". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  7. ^ a b . New York Times. 24 April 2001. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  8. ^ . O'Gara Training & Services (ogaratraining.com). 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  9. ^ Meier 2021, p. 46.
  10. ^ Hoare, Michael. "Kroll pays $153m for Enron restructuring experts". www.fnlondon.com. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  11. ^ Pilla, David. "Marsh acquires Kroll in $1.9 billion cash deal", Best's Review, July 1, 2004, accessed January 28, 2011.
  12. ^ New York Times profile on Jules Kroll
  13. ^ Brickley, Peg (9 February 2015). "Altegrity Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  14. ^ a b . Forbes. Archived from the original on May 22, 2009.
  15. ^ "Press Releases - Stay up to Date with Ontrack".
  16. ^ Khatchadourian, Raffi (25 October 2019). "A Cybersecurity Firm's Sharp Rise and Stunning Collapse". The New Yorker. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Kroll completes brand unification". Consulting.us. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  18. ^ Tewari, Saumya (2021-02-25). "Advisory firm Duff & Phelps to be rebranded as Kroll". mint. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  19. ^ "Kroll completes Redscan acquisition, expands cyber risk portfolio". securitybrief.asia. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
  20. ^ Kobialka, Dan (31 March 2022). "Kroll Acquires Risk Intelligence Technology Provider Resolver". MSSP Alert. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  21. ^ (Press Release) "Identity Theft Restoration." Canada News Wire, 12 July 2007. "Identity Theft Restoration"
  22. ^ "Kroll Associates, Inc. Releases Its Initial Report on the APD Training Academy | AustinTexas.gov". austintexas.gov.
  23. ^ Moore, Matthew (31 October 2020). "Corporate detectives Kroll target Instagram stars". The Times. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  24. ^ Ebadi, Sherine (12 May 2021). "Protecting the Enterprise from Social Media Threats". CFO. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  25. ^ "A-Plus sues Attorney-General, Kroll & Associates over $1m payment - MyJoyOnline.com". www.myjoyonline.com. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  26. ^ "A Plus, Asare withdraw suits against gov't over removal of Domelevo, US$1million Kroll Associates cash saga". Modern Ghana. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  27. ^ "Here's what MSU got for paying elite firm $6.2 million to investigate 170 sexual assault cases". Michigan Radio. 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
  28. ^ Abrams, Floyd (2005). Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. Viking Press. pp. 124–137. ISBN 0-670-03375-8.
  29. ^ Robin Pogrenbin and Felicity Barringer (July 3, 1998). "CNN Retracts Report That U.S. Used Nerve Gas". The New York Times.
  30. ^ EDITORIAL: AEPET está solidária com Duplo Expresso
  31. ^ Douglas Frantz (September 1, 1994). "A Midlife Crisis at Kroll Associates". The New York Times.
  32. ^ Carey, Carol (1 July 1997). "World Trade Center". Access Control and Security Systems Magazine.
  33. ^ . kroll.com. Archived from the original on 2007-01-06. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  34. ^ Kolker, Robert (17 December 2001). "O'Neill Versus Osama". New York.
  35. ^ "John O'Neill's FBI Jacket and Passport Embody His Enduring Fight Against Terrorism | National September 11 Memorial & Museum".
  36. ^ a b Dawisha, Karen (2014). Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia?. Simon & Schuster. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4767-9519-5.
  37. ^ a b Bohlen, Celestine (March 3, 1992). "U.S. Company to Help Russia Track Billions". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  38. ^ a b Sneider, Daniel (March 4, 1992). "Russia Goes After 'Party Gold': Money Communist officials allegedly shifted out of the country is called crucial to reform". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  39. ^ Belton 2020, pp. 60–61, 513.
  40. ^ Tikhomirov, Vladimir (1997). "Capital Flight from Post-Soviet Russia". Europe-Asia Studies. 49 (4): 592. doi:10.1080/09668139708412462.
  41. ^ Kroll Staff (2 April 2015). . Kroll Inc. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  42. ^ Farrow, Ronan (2017-11-06). "Harvey Weinstein's Army of Spies". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2022-08-23.

Sources

External links

  • Official website

April 09, 2023
kroll, been, suggested, that, this, article, merged, with, duff, phelps, discuss, proposed, since, april, 2022, kroll, american, corporate, investigation, risk, consulting, firm, established, 1972, based, york, city, 2018, kroll, acquired, duff, phelps, 2021, . It has been suggested that this article be merged with Duff amp Phelps Discuss Proposed since April 2022 Kroll is an American corporate investigation and risk consulting firm established in 1972 and based in New York City 1 In 2018 Kroll was acquired by Duff amp Phelps 2 In 2021 Duff amp Phelps decided to rebrand itself as Kroll a process it completed in 2022 3 KrollIndustryCorporate investigationRisk consultingFounded1972 51 years ago 1972 FounderJules KrollHeadquartersNew York City United StatesNumber of locations72Area servedWorldwideKey peopleNoah Gottdiener Executive Chairman Shai Waisman President Jacob Silverman CEO OwnerKroll LLCNumber of employees6 500Websitewww kroll com Contents 1 History 2 Services 2 1 Background screening 2 2 Security consulting 2 3 Social media 2 4 Other work 3 Notable cases 3 1 The Heroin Trail case 3 2 The John Fredriksen oil theft case 3 3 Brazilian privatization 3 4 WTC and Sears Tower security 3 5 Capital outflows from the Soviet Union and Russia 3 6 2014 Moldovan bank fraud scandal 3 7 Harvey Weinstein 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksHistory EditKroll was founded in 1972 by Jules Kroll as a consultancy servicing corporate purchasing departments 4 Kroll began its line of work in financial sector investigations in the 1980s when corporations approached Kroll to profile investors suitors and takeover targets 5 In the 1990s Kroll expanded into forensic accounting background screening drug testing electronic data recovery and market intelligence 5 In 1997 Kroll merged with vehicle armoring company O Gara Hess amp Eisenhardt to form Kroll O Gara 6 7 The company became public and was listed on the NASDAQ as KROG citation needed In August 2001 the O Gara vehicle armoring businesses were sold to Armor Holdings 8 and the company s name was changed to Kroll Inc 7 9 and its ticker symbol to KROL citation needed In 2002 Kroll acquired restructuring firm Zolfo Cooper for 153 million At the time Zolfo Cooper was working on the Enron case 10 In July 2004 Kroll was acquired by professional services firm Marsh amp McLennan Companies in a 1 9 billion transaction 11 In June 2008 Jules Kroll left Kroll Inc 12 In August 2010 Kroll was acquired by Altegrity Inc in an all cash transaction valued at 1 13 billion Altegrity declared bankruptcy in 2015 13 and Kroll was later bought by Corporate Risk Holdings LLC 14 On October 21 2016 Carlyle Group owned LDiscovery purchased Kroll Ontrack for around 410 million 15 and operated it as a separate company citation needed In 2018 Kroll acquired cybersecurity firm Tiversa 16 On June 4 2018 Duff amp Phelps purchased Kroll Inc 2 In February 2021 Duff amp Phelps announced plans to unify the companies under the Kroll brand which completed in February 2022 17 18 On March 25 2021 Kroll announced that it had acquired Redscan a UK based cyber security company 19 In March 2022 Kroll acquired Canadian risk intelligence software company Resolver 20 Services EditBackground screening Edit Kroll s background screening division provides screening services for areas such as employment supplier selection investment placement and institutional admissions Kroll s Background Screening division also includes the Kroll Fraud Solutions unit which specializes in identity theft protection and identity restoration services 21 Security consulting Edit Kroll offers consulting services through Kroll Security Group its Security Consulting and Security Engineering amp Design division In 2020 Kroll was hired by the Austin Police Department to evaluate the department s policies and protocols for racism and discrimination They presented their findings to the Austin city council in March 2021 22 Social media Edit Kroll s business and investigations practice provides background checks on Instagram influencers using publicly accessible online information to prevent them being cancelled for problematic or potentially disreputable behaviour e g tweets which includes offensive language or content 23 24 Other work Edit An agreement between the government of Ghana and Kroll for the firm to retrieve assets and investigate wrongdoings by previous appointments was subject to two lawsuits in 2020 challenging the constitutionality of the agreement 25 Both lawsuits were dropped in April 2021 26 Kroll was hired in 2018 by Michigan State University during the Larry Nassar case to investigate over 170 sexual assault cases at the university 27 Notable cases EditThe Heroin Trail case Edit In 1987 in the prominent First Amendment case over The Heroin Trail stories in New York Newsday attorney Floyd Abrams enlisted Kroll s help to find an eyewitness But was it conceivable that we could come up with an eyewitness who could be of help I called Jules Kroll the CEO of Kroll Associates the nation s most acclaimed investigative firm to ask him if he could inquire through the extensive range of former law enforcement officials employed by him whether Karaduman was known to be a drug trafficker in Istanbul 28 Two weeks into the trial Kroll produced Faraculah Arras who was prepared to testify he was involved in one of Karaduman s drug deals I was stunned recalled Abrams Abrams used Kroll again in 1998 to investigate claims by CNN s Newsstand documentary that sarin nerve gas had been used in Vietnam in 1970 as part of Operation Tailwind 29 The John Fredriksen oil theft case Edit Kroll assisted in the trial of Norwegian shipping tycoon John Fredriksen at the end of the 1980s citation needed Brazilian privatization Edit Fernando Henrique Cardoso Daniel Dantas the company in question Andre Esteves Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Dario Messer signed a schedule agreement to privatize Brazilian state owned enterprises 30 WTC and Sears Tower security Edit Kroll were responsible for revamping security at the World Trade Center after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing 31 32 They also took on responsibility for security at Chicago s Sears Tower following the September 11 2001 attacks 33 Just prior to the September 11 attacks Kroll Inc under the guidance of Jerome Hauer the managing director of their Crisis and Consulting Management Group 14 hired former FBI special investigator John P O Neill 34 who specialized in the Al Qaeda network held responsible for the 1993 bombing to head the security at the WTC complex O Neill died in the attacks 35 Capital outflows from the Soviet Union and Russia Edit In March 1992 the Yeltsin government contracted Kroll to track down large sums of money removed from the Soviet Union prior to the 1991 Soviet coup d etat attempt 36 37 On March 15 1992 following accusations from First Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Timurovich Gaidar of large scale privatization by the nomenklatura the Russian government froze all capital outflows from Russia and eventually the assets of the Vneshekonombank 37 38 Despite investigators stating they received very little support from Russian authorities Kroll determined more than 14 billion in 1991 real dollars had been transferred from Switzerland to New York prior to the putsch mostly in joint stock companies such as the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures 38 39 and that another 40 billion plus in 2014 dollars had been transferred out of Russia by the Communist Party and other government agencies of the former Soviet Union through hundreds of illicit transactions 40 This outflow of capital contributed to severe economic conditions in Russia during Boris Yeltsin s second term 36 2014 Moldovan bank fraud scandal Edit On 28 January 2015 the National Bank of Moldova hired Kroll to present its findings from Project Tenor involving Ilan Shor s Shor Holding and the 2014 Moldovan bank fraud scandal which was part of the Russian Laundromat 41 Harvey Weinstein Edit In 2015 Kroll was hired by Harvey Weinstein to wipe evidence of sexual abuse from the electronic devices of Ambra Gutierrez as part of a settlement he reached with her Weinstein had frequent interactions with Kroll especially when trying to find discrediting information about potential critics and accusers 42 References Edit Scanlon Scott 12 October 2021 Miller Black Associates Recruits Chief People Officer for Kroll Business Services Hunt Scanlon Media Retrieved 8 November 2021 a b Banerji Gunjan March 13 2018 Duff amp Phelps to Buy Corporate Investigations Firm Kroll The Wall Street Journal The New York Times New York City United States Retrieved March 17 2018 Kroll completes brand unification consulting us 23 February 2022 Retrieved 2022 04 07 Finnegan William 19 October 2009 The Secret Keeper Jules Kroll and the world of corporate intelligence The New Yorker Archived from the original on 5 September 2012 Retrieved 20 April 2022 a b Kroll Associates Inc Releases Its Initial Report on the APD Training Academy AustinTexas gov austintexas gov Retrieved 17 July 2021 Miller James P 16 November 1999 Kroll O Gara Management Agrees to Buy Out Firm Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 20 April 2022 Retrieved 20 April 2022 a b COMPANY NEWS KROLL O GARA TO SELL ARMORED VEHICLE BUSINESS New York Times 24 April 2001 Archived from the original on 27 May 2015 Retrieved 20 April 2022 O Gara Training amp Services Our History O Gara Training amp Services ogaratraining com 20 April 2022 Archived from the original on 20 April 2022 Retrieved 20 April 2022 Meier 2021 p 46 Hoare Michael Kroll pays 153m for Enron restructuring experts www fnlondon com Retrieved 2021 09 01 Pilla David Marsh acquires Kroll in 1 9 billion cash deal Best s Review July 1 2004 accessed January 28 2011 New York Times profile on Jules Kroll Brickley Peg 9 February 2015 Altegrity Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Wall Street Journal Retrieved 7 July 2021 a b Profile Jerome Hauer Forbes Archived from the original on May 22 2009 Press Releases Stay up to Date with Ontrack Khatchadourian Raffi 25 October 2019 A Cybersecurity Firm s Sharp Rise and Stunning Collapse The New Yorker Retrieved 4 November 2021 Kroll completes brand unification Consulting us 23 February 2022 Retrieved 31 May 2022 Tewari Saumya 2021 02 25 Advisory firm Duff amp Phelps to be rebranded as Kroll mint Retrieved 2021 09 28 Kroll completes Redscan acquisition expands cyber risk portfolio securitybrief asia Retrieved 2021 07 30 Kobialka Dan 31 March 2022 Kroll Acquires Risk Intelligence Technology Provider Resolver MSSP Alert Retrieved 31 May 2022 Press Release Identity Theft Restoration Canada News Wire 12 July 2007 Identity Theft Restoration Kroll Associates Inc Releases Its Initial Report on the APD Training Academy AustinTexas gov austintexas gov Moore Matthew 31 October 2020 Corporate detectives Kroll target Instagram stars The Times Retrieved 31 October 2020 Ebadi Sherine 12 May 2021 Protecting the Enterprise from Social Media Threats CFO Retrieved 4 November 2021 A Plus sues Attorney General Kroll amp Associates over 1m payment MyJoyOnline com www myjoyonline com Retrieved 2021 10 20 A Plus Asare withdraw suits against gov t over removal of Domelevo US 1million Kroll Associates cash saga Modern Ghana Retrieved 2021 10 20 Here s what MSU got for paying elite firm 6 2 million to investigate 170 sexual assault cases Michigan Radio 2019 04 18 Retrieved 2021 09 22 Abrams Floyd 2005 Speaking Freely Trials of the First Amendment Viking Press pp 124 137 ISBN 0 670 03375 8 Robin Pogrenbin and Felicity Barringer July 3 1998 CNN Retracts Report That U S Used Nerve Gas The New York Times EDITORIAL AEPET esta solidaria com Duplo Expresso Douglas Frantz September 1 1994 A Midlife Crisis at Kroll Associates The New York Times Carey Carol 1 July 1997 World Trade Center Access Control and Security Systems Magazine About Us gt History gt Notable Cases kroll com Archived from the original on 2007 01 06 Retrieved 2008 02 15 Kolker Robert 17 December 2001 O Neill Versus Osama New York John O Neill s FBI Jacket and Passport Embody His Enduring Fight Against Terrorism National September 11 Memorial amp Museum a b Dawisha Karen 2014 Putin s Kleptocracy Who Owns Russia Simon amp Schuster p 18 ISBN 978 1 4767 9519 5 a b Bohlen Celestine March 3 1992 U S Company to Help Russia Track Billions The New York Times Retrieved April 30 2018 a b Sneider Daniel March 4 1992 Russia Goes After Party Gold Money Communist officials allegedly shifted out of the country is called crucial to reform Christian Science Monitor Retrieved April 30 2018 Belton 2020 pp 60 61 513 Tikhomirov Vladimir 1997 Capital Flight from Post Soviet Russia Europe Asia Studies 49 4 592 doi 10 1080 09668139708412462 Kroll Staff 2 April 2015 Project Tenor Scoping Phase Kroll Inc Retrieved 6 July 2021 Farrow Ronan 2017 11 06 Harvey Weinstein s Army of Spies The New Yorker Retrieved 2022 08 23 Sources EditBelton Catherine 23 June 2020 Putin s People How the KGB Took Back Russia and Then Took on the West New York Farrar Straus Giroux ISBN 978 0374238711 Meier Barry 18 May 2021 Spooked The Trump Dossier Black Cube and the Rise of Private Spies Harpercollins ISBN 9780062950680 External links EditOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kroll Inc amp oldid 1146368367, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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