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Richmond Park

January 19, 2024

For other uses, see Richmond Park (disambiguation).

Richmond Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, is the largest of London's Royal Parks and is of national and international importance for wildlife conservation. It was created by Charles I in the 17th century[2] as a deer park. It is now a national nature reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Special Area of Conservation and is included, at Grade I, on Historic England's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England. Its landscapes have inspired many famous artists and it has been a location for several films and TV series.

Richmond Park
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Isabella Plantation, Richmond Park
LocationGreater London, England, United Kingdom
Grid referenceTQ2073
InterestBiological, historical
Area955 hectares (2360 acres)[1]
Notification1992
Location mapMagic Map
The park is a national nature reserve.
Fallow deer in Richmond Park
Beverley Brook in the park
Adams Pond

Richmond Park includes many buildings of architectural or historic interest. The Grade I-listed White Lodge was formerly a royal residence and is now home to the Royal Ballet School. The park's boundary walls and ten other buildings are listed at Grade II, including Pembroke Lodge, the home of 19th-century British Prime Minister Lord John Russell and his grandson, the philosopher Bertrand Russell. In 2020, Historic England also listed two other features in the park – King Henry's Mound which is possibly a round barrow[3] and another (unnamed) mound which could be a long barrow.[4][5][6]

Historically the preserve of the monarch, the park is now open for all to use and includes a golf course and other facilities for sport and recreation. It played an important role in both world wars and in the 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

Overview edit

Size edit

Richmond Park is the largest of London's Royal Parks.[7] It is the second-largest park in London (after the 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) Lee Valley Park, whose linear shaped area extends beyond the M25 into Hertfordshire and Essex) and is Britain's second-largest urban walled park after Sutton Park,[1] Birmingham.

Comparison of areas
Name of park City Area Notes
Hectares Acres
Richmond Park London 955 2,360[1]
Bois de Vincennes Paris 995 2,458[8]
Bois de Boulogne Paris 846 2,090[9]
Casa de Campo Madrid 1750 4,324[10]
Central Park New York City 341 843[11]

Status edit

Of national and international importance for wildlife conservation, most of Richmond Park (856 hectares; 2115 acres) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI),[12][13] a National Nature Reserve (NNR)[14] and a Special Area of Conservation (SAC).[15][16] The largest Site of Special Scientific Interest in London, it was designated as an SSSI in 1992,[13] excluding the area of the golf course, Pembroke Lodge Gardens and the Gate Gardens.[16] In its citation, Natural England said: "Richmond Park has been managed as a royal deer park since the seventeenth century, producing a range of habitats of value to wildlife. In particular, Richmond Park is of importance for its diverse deadwood beetle fauna associated with the ancient trees found throughout the parkland. In addition the park supports the most extensive area of dry acid grassland in Greater London."[13]

The park was designated as an SAC in April 2005 because it has "a large number of ancient trees with decaying timber. It is at the heart of the south London centre of distribution for stag beetle Lucanus cervus, and is a site of national importance for the conservation of the fauna of invertebrates associated with the decaying timber of ancient trees".[17]

Since October 1987 the park has also been included, at Grade I, on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, being described in Historic England's listing as "A royal deer park with pre C15 origins, imparked by Charles I and improved by subsequent monarchs. A public open space since the mid C19".[18]

Geography edit

Richmond Park is located in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is close to Richmond, Ham, Petersham, Kingston upon Thames, Wimbledon, Roehampton and East Sheen.[1]

Organisation edit

Governance edit

The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport manages Richmond Park and the other Royal Parks of London under powers set out in the Crown Lands Act 1851, which transferred management of the parks from the monarch to the government. Day-to-day management of the Royal Parks has been delegated to The Royal Parks, an executive agency of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The Royal Parks' Board sets the strategic direction for the agency. Appointments to the Board are made by the Mayor of London.[19]

The Friends of Richmond Park and the Friends of Bushy Park co-chair the Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum, comprising 38 local groups of local stakeholder organisations.[20] The forum was formed in September 2010 to consider proposals to bring Richmond Park and Bushy Park – and London's other royal parks – under the control of the Mayor of London through a new Royal Parks Board[20][21] and to make a joint response. Although welcoming the principles of the new governance arrangements, the forum (in 2011) and the Friends of Richmond Park (in 2012) expressed concerns about the composition of the new board.[20][22][23]

Access edit

Richmond Park is the most visited royal park outside central London, with 4.4 million visits in 2014.[24] The park is enclosed by a high wall with several gates. The gates either allow pedestrian and bicycle access only, or allow bicycle, pedestrian and other vehicle access. The gates for motor vehicle access are open only during daylight hours; the speed limit is 20 mph (32 km/h). The gates for pedestrians and cyclists are open 24 hours a day except during the deer culls in February and November, when the pedestrian gates are closed between 8:00 pm and 7:30 am.[25] However, since 2020, there has been restricted through traffic in Richmond Park, for example restricted traffic between Richmond Gate and Roehampton Gate at weekends.[26] Apart from taxis, no commercial vehicles are allowed unless they are being used to transact business with residents of the park.[27]

From April to November, a free bus service, calling at East Sheen, runs on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, stopping at the main car parks and the gate at Isabella Plantation nearest Peg's Pond.[28][29]

 
The shared use cycle/footpath, between Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate, crosses Beverley Brook amid willows.

The gates open to motor traffic are: Sheen Gate, Richmond Gate, Ham Gate, Kingston Gate, Roehampton Gate and (for access to Richmond Park Golf Course only) Chohole Gate.[30][31] The park has designated bridleways and cycle paths. These are shown on maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances, along with other regulations that govern use of the park.[30] The bridleways are special in that they are for horses (and their riders) only and not open to cyclists, like normal bridleways.

The Beverley Brook Walk runs through the park between Roehampton Gate and Robin Hood Gate.[32] The Capital Ring walking route passes through the park from Robin Hood Gate to Petersham Gate.

Cycling is allowed only on main roads, on National Cycle Route 4 through the centre of the park and on the Tamsin Trail (the shared-use pedestrian–cycle path that runs close to the park's perimeter).[33][34] National Cycle Route 4 crosses the park between Ham Gate in the west and Roehampton Gate in the east, skirting Pen Ponds and White Lodge. It interlinks with the Thames Cycle Route and forms part of the London Cycle Network.[35] The speed limit on this route through the centre of the park, where it is off the main road, is 10 mph (16 km/h).[16]

As the park is a national nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest, all dog owners are required to keep their dogs under control while in the park. This includes not allowing their dog to disturb other park users or disrupt wildlife. In 2009, after some incidents leading to the death of wildfowl, the park's dogs-on-leads policy was extended. Park users are said to believe that the deer are feeling increasingly threatened by the growing number of dogs using the park[36] and Royal Parks advises against walking dogs in the park during the deer's birthing season.[37]

Law enforcement edit

A mugging at gunpoint in 1854 reputedly led to the establishment of a park police force.[38] Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate Royal Parks Constabulary, but that was subsumed into the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police.[39] The mounted police have been replaced by a patrol team in a four-wheel drive vehicle. In 2015 the Friends of Richmond Park expressed concern about plans to cut the numbers of police in the park to half their level ten years previously, despite an increase in visitor numbers and in incidents of crime.[40]

In July 2012 it was reported that police had been given the power to issue £50 on-the-spot fines for littering, cycling outside designated areas and dog fouling offences.[41] In August 2012 a dog owner was ordered to pay £315 after allowing five dogs to chase ducks in the park.[42] Since 2013 commercial dog-walkers have been required to apply for licences to walk dogs in the park, and are allowed to walk only four dogs at a time.[43] In 2013 a cyclist was successfully prosecuted for speeding at 37 mph in the park.[44] In 2015 a cycling club member was fined for speeding at 41 mph and faced disciplinary action from his cycling club, which uses the park for training.[45] In 2014 and 2015 two men were prosecuted for picking mushrooms in the park.[46][47]

Conservative MP Danny Kruger was fined after his puppy, during a family walk, caused a stampede when it chased a 200-strong herd of deer in the park in March 2021.[48] Kruger apologised and said he would be more careful in future.[49]

Sport and recreation edit

Cycling: Cycles are available for hire near Roehampton Gate and, at peak times, near Pembroke Lodge.[50] The Tamsin Trail (shared between pedestrians and cyclists) provides a circuit of the park and is almost entirely car-free.[34]

Fishing is allowed, by paid permit, on Pen Ponds from mid-June to mid-March.[50]

Golf is played at Richmond Park Golf Course, a public facility opened in 1923 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII). It has two 18-hole golf courses and practice facilities and is accessed from Chohole Gate.

Horse riding: Horses from several local stables are ridden in the park.[50]

Rugby: A section of the grassland to the north of the Roehampton Gate is maintained and laid out during the winter months for rugby; there are three pitches. At weekends, this area is hired extensively to Rosslyn Park Rugby Football Club. The club buses visiting teams to and from the park pitches from its nearby clubhouse and changing rooms.[50]

Running: The Tamsin Trail is a 7.2 miles (11.6 km) trail around the park which is popular with runners. Members of Barnes Runners complete at least one circumnavigation of it on the first and third Sunday of every month. Richmond Park Parkrun, a five-kilometre organised run, takes place every Saturday.[51]

There are children's playgrounds at Kingston Gate and Petersham Gate.[50]

Friends of Richmond Park edit

 
Mandarin duck in the park
Friends of Richmond Park
 
AbbreviationFRP
Formation1961
Legal statusregistered charity and membership organisation
HeadquartersRichmond, London
Location
Membership
3,700
Key people
Roger Hillyer, Chairman
Main organ
Park Life (printed magazine, published twice a year)
Volunteers
300
Websitewww.frp.org.uk

The Friends of Richmond Park (FRP) was founded in 1961 to protect the park. In 1960 the speed limit in the park had been raised from 20 to 30 miles an hour and there were concerns that the roads in the park would be assigned to the main highway system as had recently happened in parts of Hyde Park.[52] In 1969, plans by the then Greater London Council to assign the park's roads to the national highway were revealed by the Friends and subsequently withdrawn.[53] The speed limit was reduced to 20 miles an hour in 2004.[54]

In 2011, the Friends successfully campaigned for the withdrawal of plans for open-air screenings of films in the park.[55][56] In 2012, the Friends contributed towards the cost of a new Jubilee Pond, and launched a public appeal for a Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme in which the Friends, the Richmond Park Wildlife Group and Healthy Planet have been working with staff from The Royal Parks to restore some of the streams and ponds in the park.[57][58][59]

The Friends run a visitor centre near Pembroke Lodge, organise a programme of walks and education activities for young people, and produce a quarterly newsletter. The Friends have published two books, A Guide to Richmond Park and Family Trails in Richmond Park; profits from the books' sales contribute towards the Friends' conservation work.[60]

The Friends of Richmond Park has been a charitable organisation since 2009.[61] It has 3,700 members, is run by approximately 300 volunteers[62] and has no staff.[61] Broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, former Richmond Park MP Baroness Susan Kramer and broadcaster Clare Balding are patrons of FRP.[63] The chairman, since April 2021, is Roger Hillyer.[64]

History edit

Stuart origins edit

In 1625 Charles I brought his court to Richmond Palace to escape an outbreak of plague in London[65] and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer.[65][66] It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park"[67] to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as Old Deer Park. In 1637 he appointed Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland as keeper of the new park for life, with a fee of 12 (old) pence a day, pasture for four horses, and the use of the brushwood[68] – later holders of that office were known as "Ranger". Charles's decision, also in 1637, to enclose the land[nb 1] was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way.[70] To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced. Following Charles I's execution, custodianship of the park passed to the Corporation of the City of London. It was returned to the restored monarch, Charles II, on his return to London in 1660.[71]

Georgian alterations edit

In 1719, Caroline of Ansbach and her husband, the future George II of Great Britain, bought Richmond Lodge as a country residence. This building had first been built as a hunting lodge for James I in 1619 and had also been occupied by William III.[72] As shown in a map of 1734, Richmond Park and Richmond Gardens then formed a single unit – the latter was merged with Kew Gardens by George III in the early 19th century.[73] In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park[74] and Bog Gate or Queen's Gate was opened as a private entrance for Caroline to enter the park on her journeys between White Lodge and Richmond Lodge. The same map shows Pen Ponds, a lake divided in two by a causeway, dug in 1746 and initially referred to as the Canals, which is now a good place to see water birds.[65][75] Richmond Lodge fell out of use on Caroline's death in 1737 but was brought back into use by her grandson George III as his summer residence from 1764 to 1772, when he switched his summer residence to Kew Palace and had Richmond Lodge demolished.[76]

 
Plaque outside Sheen Gate to John Lewis, the Richmond brewer who secured public rights of access to the park in 1758

In 1751, Caroline's daughter Princess Amelia became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of Robert Walpole. Immediately afterwards, the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public, only allowing a few close friends and those with special permits to enter.[77] This continued until 1758, when a local brewer, John Lewis, took the gatekeeper, who stopped him from entering the park, to court.[78] The court ruled in favour of Lewis, citing the fact that, when Charles I enclosed the park in the 17th century, he allowed the public right of way in the park. Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions.[79][80]

19th century edit

Full right of public access to the park was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1872.[81] However, people were no longer given the right to remove firewood; this is still the case and helps in preserving the park.[65]

 
White Lodge from the air

Between 1833 and 1842 the Petersham Lodge estate, and then part of Sudbrook Park, were incorporated into Richmond Park. Terrace Walk was created from Richmond Gate to Pembroke Lodge.[82] The Russell School was built near Petersham Gate in 1851.[83] Between 1855 and 1861, new drainage improvements were constructed, including drinking points for deer.[84] In 1867 and 1876 fallow deer from the park were sent to New Zealand to help build up stocks – the first fallow deer introduced to that country[85][86] In or around 1870, the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers were using an area near Bog Gate as a drill ground.[84] Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician, visited Lord John Russell at Pembroke Lodge in 1864,[87] as did the Shah of Persia, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in 1873. He was the first modern Iranian monarch to visit Europe.[87]

Early 20th century edit

Edward VII developed the park as a public amenity by opening up almost all the previously fenced woods and making public those gates that were previously private.[88] From 1915 level areas of the park were marked out for football and cricket pitches.[88] A golf course was developed on the former "Great Paddock" of Richmond Park, an area used for feeding deer for the royal hunt. The tree belt in this part of the park was supplemented by additional planting in 1936.[89] The public golf course was opened in 1923 by Edward, Prince of Wales[90] (who was to become King Edward VIII and, after his abdication, Duke of Windsor). The future king had been born in the park, at White Lodge, in 1894.[91] In 1925, a second public 18-hole course was laid out to the south of the first (towards Robin Hood Gate) it was opened by the Duke of York (George VI). In honour of their respective openers, Richmond Park Golf Course's two courses are named the "Prince's" and the "Duke's".

The park played an important role during World War I and was used for cavalry training.[92] On 7 December 1915 English inventor Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrated, in a secret test on Pen Ponds, how selenium cells would work in a remotely controlled prototype weapon for use against German Zeppelins.[93] Reporting on this story several years later, in April 1924, The Daily Chronicle reported that the test had been carried out in the presence of Arthur Balfour, Lord Fisher and a staff of experts. Its success led to Matthews receiving a payment of £25,000 from the Government the very next morning. Despite this large sum changing hands, the Admiralty never used the invention.[94] Between 1916 and 1925 the park housed a South African military war hospital, which was built between Bishop's Pond and Conduit Wood.[95][96] The hospital closed in 1921 and was demolished in 1925.[97] Richmond Cemetery, just outside the park, contains a section of war graves commemorating 39 soldiers who died at the hospital; the section is marked by a Cross of Sacrifice and a Grade II listed[98] cenotaph designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.[99]

Faisal I of Iraq and Lebanese politician Salim Ali Salam were photographed visiting the park in 1925.

World War II and its aftermath edit

An army camp was established in 1938. It covered 45 acres (18 ha) to the south and east of Thatched House Lodge, extending to the area south of Dann's Pond.[100][101] It became known as Kingston Gate Camp and expanded the capacity of the East Surrey Regiment's regimental depot Infantry Training Centre (ITC). As a result, the ITC was better able to meet the demands of training new recruits and called-up militia between early 1940 and August 1941 when the ITC transferred to a facility in Canterbury shared with the Buffs.[102] The camp was subsequently used as a military convalescent depot for up to 2,500 persons after which it continued as a base for the ATS until after the war.[103]

During World War II Pembroke Lodge was used as the base for "Phantom" (the GHQ Liaison Regiment).[100] The Pen Ponds were drained, in order to disguise them as a landmark,[104] and an experimental bomb disposal centre was set up at Killcat Corner, which is between Robin Hood Gate and Roehampton Gate.[105]

An anti-aircraft gun site was inside Sheen Gate for the duration of the war. The Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, visited it on 10 November 1940[106] and it was featured in a photograph published in Picture Post on 13 December 1941.[107]

Associated with the gun site was the research site of the Army Operational Research Group (AORG), located on the polo field beside Sheen Cross, where Stanley Hey researched improvements to the operation of anti-aircraft gun-laying radar. During the war, Hey discovered that the Sun is a radio source[108] and he investigated radio reflections from meteor trails, and radio noise from cosmic sources. In 1946 Hey's group discovered Cygnus A, later shown to be the first radio galaxy. The Richmond Park installation thus became the first radio observatory in Britain.[108]

In addition to use of the park for military purposes, approximately 500 acres (200 ha) of the park was converted to agricultural use during the war.[109]

The Russell School was destroyed by enemy action in 1943[110] and Sheen Cottage a year later.[111][112]

John Boyd-Carpenter, MP for Kingston-upon-Thames, proposed using the Kingston Gate Camp to help alleviate the local post-war housing shortage but Minister of Works, Charles Key, was opposed, preferring that the site be eventually returned to its former parkland use.[113] Key's department refurbished and repurposed the camp as an Olympic Village for the 1948 Summer Olympics.[114][115][116] The Olympic Village was opened by Lord Burghley with Key making the announcement, in July 1948.[117] After the Olympics, the camp was used by units of the Royal Corps of Signals and then by the Women's Royal Army Corps following their formation in 1949 as successor to the wartime ATS. Although it had been hoped to clear the camp during the 1950s, it remained in military use and was used to house service families repatriated following the Suez Crisis in 1956. It was not until 1965 that the camp was eventually demolished and reintegrated into the park during the following year.[103][109][118]

Late 20th century – present edit

In 1953 President Tito of Yugoslavia stayed at White Lodge during a state visit to Britain.[119]

The Petersham Hole was a sink hole caused by subsidence of a sewer which forced the total closure of the A307 road in Petersham in 1979–80. As the hole and subsequent repair work had forced a total closure of this main road between Richmond and Kingston, traffic was diverted through the park and the Richmond, Ham, and Kingston gates remained open throughout the day and night. The park road was widened at Ham Cross near Ham Gate to accommodate temporary traffic lights. About 10 deer a month were killed by traffic while the diversion was in operation.[120]

When the present London Borough of Richmond upon Thames was created in 1965, it included the majority, but not the whole, of the park. The eastern tip, including Roehampton Gate, belonged to the London Borough of Wandsworth, and the southern tip belonged to the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. Following a series of borough boundary changes in 1994 and 1995, these anomalies were corrected and the whole park became part of Richmond upon Thames.[121]

In the 2012 Summer Olympics the men's and the women's cycling road races went through the park.[122]

Features edit

Boundary wall edit

The brick wall enclosing Richmond Park is eight miles (13 km) long and up to 9 ft (2.7m) high.[123] Much of the wall is designated by Historic England as a Grade II listed building.[124]

Gates edit

Six original gates edit

 
Richmond Gate, designed by Sir John Soane

When the park was enclosed in 1637 there were six gates in the boundary wall: Coombe Gate, Ham Gate, Richmond Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate. Of these, Richmond Gate has the heaviest traffic. The present gates were designed by Sir John Soane[125][126] and were widened in 1896.[127] Sheen Gate was where the brewer John Lewis asserted pedestrian right of entry in 1755 after Princess Amelia had denied it. The present double gates date from 1926.[127] Coombe Gate (later known as Ladderstile Gate) provided access to the park for the parishioners of Coombe, with both a gate and a stepladder. The gate was locked in the early 1700s and bricked up in about 1735. The stepladder was reinstated after John Lewis's case in 1758 and remained in place until about 1884. The present gate dates from 1901.[127] The present wrought iron gates of Roehampton Gate were installed in 1899.[127] Ham Gate was widened in 1921, when the present wrought iron gates were installed. The chinoiserie lantern lights over the gate were installed in 1825.[127]

Robin Hood Gate takes its name from the nearby Robin Hood Inn (demolished in 2001) and is close to what is called[128] the Robin Hood roundabout on the A3. Widened in 1907,[127] it has been closed to motorised vehicles since a 2003 traffic reduction trial.[129] Alterations commenced in March 2013 to make the gates more suitable for pedestrian use and return some of the hard surface to parkland.[130]

Other gates edit

Chohole Gate served the farm that stood within the park on the site of the present Kings Farm Plantation. It is first mentioned in 1680.[127] The gate now provides access to Richmond Park Golf Course.

Kingston Gate dates from about 1750. The existing gates date from 1898.[127]

Bog Gate, or Queen's Gate, which connects the park with East Sheen Common, was built in 1736. Public access to the park via this gate, 24 hours a day, was granted in 1894 and the present "cradle" gate was installed.[131]

Petersham Gate served the Russell School, replacing the more ornate gates to Petersham Lodge. A disused carriage gate further up the hill was probably a tradesman's entrance to the school or to the Lodge stables.[127]

Bishop's Gate in Chisholm Road, previously known as the Cattle Gate, was for use by livestock allowed to pasture in the nineteenth century. It was opened for public use in 1896.[127]

Kitchen Garden Gate, hidden behind Teck Plantation, is probably a nineteenth-century gate. It has never been open to the public.[131]

Cambrian Gate or Cambrian Road Gate[127] was constructed during World War I for access to the newly built South Africa Military Hospital.[97][132] When the hospital was demolished in 1925, the entrance was made permanent, with public access, as a pedestrian gate.[127]

Buildings edit

Holly Lodge Centre
 
Formation1994[133]
Legal statusRegistered charity[134]
HeadquartersHolly Lodge
Location
Region served
Greater London and Surrey[134]
Main organ
Stepping Stones (quarterly newsletter)
Budget
£121,168[134]
Staff
2
Volunteers
90
Websitewww.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk

The park includes a Grade I listed building, White Lodge. The park's boundary wall, and ten other buildings, are also Grade II listed:[16][135] Ham Gate Lodge, built in 1742;[136] Holly Lodge (formerly known as Bog Lodge) and the game larder in its courtyard, built in 1735;[16][135] Pembroke Lodge; Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge, dated 1798 and designed by Sir John Soane;[137][125][138] Thatched House Lodge; and White Ash Lodge and its barns and stables, built in the 1730s or 1740s.[16][135][139][140]

The freebord or "deer leap" is a strip of land 5 metres (16'6") wide, running around most of the perimeter of the park. Owned by the Crown, it allows access to the outside of the boundary wall for inspection and repairs. Householders whose property backs on to the park can use this land by paying an annual fee.[141][142]

Holly Lodge edit

 
Holly Lodge

In 1735, a new lodge, Cooper's Lodge, was built on the site of Hill Farm.[143] It was renamed Lucas's Lodge in 1771 and Bog Lodge in the 1790s.[144] Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993[145] and now contains a visitors' centre (bookings only), the park's administrative headquarters and a base for the Metropolitan Police's Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.

Holly Lodge also includes the Holly Lodge Centre, an organisation which provides an opportunity for people of all ages and abilities to enjoy and learn from a series of hands-on experiences, focusing particularly on the environment and in the Victorian history and heritage of Richmond Park. The centre, which is wheelchair-accessible throughout,[146] was opened in 1994.[133] It was founded by Mike Fitt,[147][133] who was then The Royal Parks' Superintendent of Richmond Park and later became Deputy Chief Executive of London's Royal Parks. A registered charity,[134] the Holly Lodge Centre received the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service in 2005.

Princess Alexandra has been Holly Lodge Centre's Royal Patron since 2007.[147] In 2011 she opened the centre's Victorian-themed pharmacy, Mr Palmer's Chymist. This includes the original interior, artefacts and dispensing records dating from 1865, from a chemist's shop in Mortlake, and is used for educational activities. The centre also includes a replica Victorian schoolroom, and a kitchen garden planted with varieties of vegetables used in Victorian times and herbs cultivated for their medicinal properties.[146]

Pembroke Lodge edit

Main article: Pembroke Lodge
 
Pembroke Lodge

Pembroke Lodge and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then Prime Minister, Lord John Russell, and from 1876 to 1890 was the childhood home of his grandson, Bertrand Russell.[148] It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley.

Thatched House Lodge edit

Main article: Thatched House Lodge
 
Thatched House Lodge

Thatched House Lodge was the London home of United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Second World War. Since 1963 it has been the residence of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy. It was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge, and was enlarged in 1727, possibly by William Kent, as a home for Sir Robert Walpole. The two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane. The gardens include an 18th-century two-room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name.

White Lodge edit

 
White Lodge
Main article: White Lodge

Built as a hunting lodge for George II by the architect Roger Morris, White Lodge was completed in 1730. Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family. The future king Edward VIII was born at White Lodge in 1894;[149] his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI) and the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) lived there in the 1920s. The Royal Ballet School (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955[114] at White Lodge where younger ballet students continue to be trained.

Bishop's Gate Lodge edit

Bishop's Gate Lodge takes its name from a gamekeeper who was on the staff in the first half of the 19th century. A reference dated 1854 said that the keeper had had access to the lodge for the past fifty years. The lodge is not shown on the 1813 plan of the park, but appears on the plans of 1850, and its layout seems to have changed little from that time. It forms part of a view over the park, and beyond, that is much favoured by amateur painters.[150]

Other buildings edit

Oak Lodge, near Sidmouth Wood, was built in about 1852 as a home for the park bailiff, who was responsible for repair and maintenance in the park.[151] It is used by The Royal Parks as its base for a similar function today.[151]

There are also gate lodges at Chohole Gate, Kingston Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate[152] and at Sheen Gate, which also has a bungalow (Sheen Gate Bungalow).[153] Ladderstile Cottage, at Ladderstile Gate, was built in the 1780s.[154]

Former buildings edit

 
Sheen Lodge (above) and Sir Richard Owen

A map by John Eyre, "Plan of His Majesty's New Park", shows a summer house near Richmond Gate.[67]

Several buildings already existed within the park when it was created. One of these was a manor house at Petersham which was renamed Petersham Lodge. During the Commonwealth period it became accommodation for one of the park's deputy keepers, Lodowick Carlell (or Carlile), who was also a renowned playwright in his day,[155] and his wife, Joan Carlile, one of the first women to practise painting professionally.[156]

Elizabeth, Countess of Dysart, and her husband Sir Lionel Tollemache, took over Petersham Lodge when they became joint keepers of Richmond Park. After Tollemache's death the Lodge and its surrounding land were leased in 1686 to Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, whose sister Anne was married to the new king, James II. It became a private park and was subsequently landscaped. By 1692 Rochester had demolished the Lodge and replaced it with a splendid new mansion in his "New Park". In 1732, a new Petersham Lodge was built to replace it after a fire.[157] This Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835.[82]

Professor Sir Richard Owen, the first Director of the Natural History Museum, lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892.[112][158] The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944.[112][159] The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate.[112][154]

A bandstand, similar to one in Kensington Gardens, was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931. In 1975, after many years of disuse, it was moved to Regent's Park.[160]

Viewpoints edit

 
The protected view of St Paul's from King Henry's Mound, before the Manhattan Loft Gardens development was built

There is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral from King Henry's Mound, and also from Sawyer's Hill a view of central London in which the London Eye, Tower 42 (formerly the NatWest Tower) and 30 St Mary Axe ("The Gherkin") appear to be close to one another.[161]

King Henry's Mound edit

 
Panorama of King Henry's Mound

King Henry's Mound, which may have been a Neolithic burial barrow,[162][163] was listed in 2020 by Historic England[3] along with another (unnamed) mound in the park which could be a long barrow.[4][5][6] King Henry's Mound is located within the public gardens of Pembroke Lodge. At various times the mound's name has been connected with Henry VIII or with his father Henry VII.[162] However, there is no evidence to support the legend that Henry VIII stood on the mound to watch for a sign from St Paul's that Anne Boleyn had been executed at the Tower and that he was then free to marry Jane Seymour.[162]

To the west of King Henry's Mound is a panorama of the Thames Valley.[161] St Paul's Cathedral, over 10 miles (16 km) to the east, can be seen through the naked eye or via a telescope that has been installed on the Mound. This vista, created soon after the cathedral was completed in 1710,[164] is protected by a "dome and a half" width of sky on either side. In 2005 the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, sought to overturn this protection and reduce it to "half a dome". In 2009 his successor, Boris Johnson, promised to reinstate the wider view, though also approving a development at Victoria Station which, when completed, will obscure its right-hand corner.[165] New gates − "The Way" − which can be viewed through the King Henry's Mound telescope, were installed in 2012 on the edge of Sidmouth Wood to mark the 300th anniversary of St Paul's.[166]

In December 2016, it was reported that Manhattan Loft Gardens, a 42-storey 135m-tall apartment building under construction in Stratford, an area of London not covered by these planning restrictions, had "destroyed" the view from the park as it can now be seen behind the framed view of the cathedral's dome. The developers said that “Despite going through the correct planning processes in a public and transparent manner, at no point was the subject of visual impact to St Paul’s ever raised" by the Olympic Delivery Authority or the Greater London Authority and that they were looking into the issues raised by the development.[167]

In November 2017, the Friends of Richmond Park reported that their campaigning on the issue had resulted in the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, instructing London planners to consult the Greater London Authority on planning requests for high-rise buildings which, if built, could affect the visibility of St Paul's from established viewpoints. His instruction has now been incorporated into planning procedures across Greater London.[168]

Plantings and memorials edit

 
Azaleas flowering in Isabella Plantation in springtime
 
"Handkerchief" tree (Davidia involucrata) in Prince Charles' Spinney

The park's open slopes and woods are based on lowland acid soils. The grassland is mostly managed by grazing. The park contains numerous woods and copses, some created with donations from members of the public.

Between 1819 and 1835, Lord Sidmouth, Deputy Ranger, established several new plantations and enclosures, including Sidmouth Wood and the ornamental Isabella Plantation, both of which are fenced to keep the deer out.[65][84] After World War II the existing woodland at Isabella Plantation was transformed into a woodland garden, and is organically run, resulting in a rich flora and fauna. Opened to the public in 1953,[169] it is now a major visitor attraction in its own right. It is best known for the flowering, in April and May, of its evergreen azaleas and camellias, which have been planted next to its ponds and streams. There are also many rare and unusual trees and shrubs.[170]

The Jubilee Plantation, created to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, was established in 1887.[171] Prince Charles' Spinney was planted out in 1951[172] with trees protected from the deer by fences, to preserve a natural habitat. The bluebell glade is managed to encourage native British bluebells. Teck Plantation, established in 1905,[173] commemorates the Duke and Duchess of Teck, who lived at White Lodge. Their daughter Mary married George V.[131] Tercentenary Plantation, in 1937,[173] marked the 300th anniversary of the enclosure of the park. Victory Plantation was established in 1946[173] to mark the end of the Second World War. Queen Mother's Copse, a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate, was established in 1980[173] to commemorate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.

The park lost over 1000 mature trees during the Great Storm of 1987 and the Burns' Day Storm of 1990. The subsequent replanting included a new plantation, Two Storms Wood, a short distance into the park from Sheen Gate. Some extremely old trees can also be seen inside this enclosure.[18]

Bone Copse, which was named in 2005, was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year. Trees have been added annually, and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died. The annual planting has been continued by their children.

The park's Platinum Jubilee Woodland, marking the Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, was opened by Sir David Attenborough in March 2023.[174]

James Thomson and Poet's Corner edit

 
Ian Dury memorial bench

Poet's Corner, an area at the north end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens, commemorates the poet James Thomson (1700–1748), who was living in Richmond at the time of his death. A bench inscribed with lines by Thomson and known as "Poet's seat" is located there. Sculpted by Richard Farrington, it was based on an idea by Jane Fowles.[175][176]

A wooden memorial plaque with an ode to Thomson by the writer and historian John Heneage Jesse was formerly located near Pembroke Lodge stables, where it was installed in 1851. The plaque was replaced by the Selborne Society in 1895.[176]

In 2014 Poet's Corner was re-sited to the other side of the main path and the ode, on a re-gilded board, was installed in a completely new oak frame. The new Poet's Corner, funded by the Friends of Richmond Park and the Visitor Centre at Pembroke Lodge, and by a donation in memory of Wendy Vachell, also includes three curved benches made from reclaimed teak. The benches are inscribed with a couplet by the Welsh poet W. H. Davies, "A poor life this, if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare".[177]

King Henry's Mound is inscribed with a few lines from Thomson's poem "The Seasons".[176]

Poet's Corner is linked to King Henry's Mound by The John Beer Laburnum Arch, named after one of Pembroke Lodge Gardens' former charge-hands. The arch has a display of yellow laburnum flowers in May.[178]

Ian Dury edit

In 2002 a "musical bench", designed by Mil Stricevic,[179] was placed in a favoured viewing spot of rock singer and lyricist Ian Dury (1942–2000) near Poet's Corner. On the back of the bench are the words "Reasons to be cheerful", the title of one of Dury's songs.[176] The solar-powered seat was intended to allow visitors to plug in and listen to eight of his songs as well as an interview, but was subjected to repeated vandalism.[180] In 2015 the bench was refurbished and the MP3 players and solar panels were replaced with metal plates on which a QR code can be scanned via a smartphone. Visitors can access nine Ian Dury and the Blockheads songs and hear Dury's Desert Island Discs interview with Sue Lawley, first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 15 December 1996.[181]

Nature edit

Wildlife edit

 
Red deer stag and starling
 
A female rose-ringed parakeet in the park
 
Western jackdaw

Originally created for deer hunting, Richmond Park now has 630 red and fallow deer[182] that roam freely within much of the park. A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained;[183] about 200 deer are culled annually and the meat is sold to licensed game dealers.[184][185] Some deer are also killed in road accidents, through ingesting litter such as small items of plastic, or by dogs.

The park is an important refuge for other wildlife, including woodpeckers, squirrels, rabbits, snakes, frogs, toads, stag beetles and many other insects plus numerous ancient trees and varieties of fungi. It is particularly notable for its rare beetles.[14]

Richmond Park supports a large population of ring-necked (or rose-ringed) parakeets. These bred from birds that escaped or were freed from captivity.[186]

Ponds and streams edit

 
This is the southern of the two Pen Ponds.
 
A stream flows through the Isabella Plantation.

There are about 30 ponds in the park. Some – including Barn Wood Pond, Bishop's Pond, Gallows Pond, Leg of Mutton Pond, Martin's Pond and White Ash Pond – have been created to drain the land or to provide water for livestock. The Pen Ponds (which in the past were used to rear carp for food)[187] date from 1746.[65] They were formed when a trench was dug in the early 17th century to drain a boggy area; later in that century this was widened and deepened by the extraction of gravel for local building. The Ponds now take in water from streams flowing from the higher ground around them and release it to Beverley Brook. Beverley Brook and the two Pen Ponds are most visible areas of water in the park.[188]

Beverley Brook rises at Cuddington Recreation Ground in Worcester Park[189] and enters the park (where it is followed by the Tamsin Trail and Beverley Walk) at Robin Hood Gate, creating a water feature used by deer, smaller animals and water grasses and some water lilies. Its name is derived from the former presence in the river of the European beaver (Castor fiber),[190] a species extinct in Britain since the 16th century.[191]

Most of the streams in the park drain into Beverley Brook but a spring above Dann's Pond flows to join Sudbrook (from "South brook") on the park boundary. Sudbrook flows through a small valley known as Ham Dip and has been dammed and enlarged in two places to form Ham Dip Pond and Ham Gate Pond, first mapped in 1861 and 1754 respectively. These were created for the watering of deer.[192] Both ponds underwent restoration work including de-silting, which was completed in 2013.[193] Sudbrook drains the western escarpment of the hill that, to the east, forms part of the catchment of Beverley Brook and, to the south, the Hogsmill River. Sudbrook is joined by the Latchmere stream just beyond Ham Gate Pond. Sudbrook then flows into Sudbrook Park, Petersham. Another stream rises north of Sidmouth Wood and goes through Conduit Wood towards the park boundary near Bog Gate.[188]

A separate water system for Isabella Plantation was developed in the 1950s. Water from the upper Pen Pond is pumped to Still Pond, Thomson's Pond and Peg's Pond.[188]

The park's newest pond is Attenborough Pond, opened by and named after the broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough in July 2014.[194] It was created as part of the park's Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme.[195]

In culture edit

The Hearsum Collection edit

The Hearsum Collection
 
Formation2013
FounderDaniel Hearsum (1958–2021)[196]
Registration no.1153010
Legal statusRegistered charity
HeadquartersPembroke Lodge, Richmond Park
Location
Chair
Jane Hearsum
Budget
£14,700
Websitehearsumcollection.org.uk

The Hearsum Collection is a registered charity[nb 2] that collects and preserves the heritage of Richmond Park. It has a collection, which was started by the late Daniel Hearsum in 1997,[198] of heritage material covering the last four centuries, with over 5000 items including antique prints, paintings,[199] maps, postcards, photographs, documents, books and press cuttings. Volunteers from the Friends of Richmond Park have been cataloguing them.[199] The Collection, which as of 2024 continues to be stored in unsatisfactory accommodation in Pembroke Lodge,[200] is overseen by volunteers and part-time staff. The trustees announced in 2014 plans for a new purpose-built heritage centre to provide full public access to the Collection.[200][201][202][203]

In April 2017 the Collection, in collaboration with The Royal Parks and Ireland's Office of Public Works, mounted an exhibition at Dublin's Phoenix Park entitled Parks, Our Shared Heritage: The Phoenix Park, Dublin & The Royal Parks, London, demonstrating the historical links between Richmond Park (and other Royal Parks in London) and Phoenix Park.[204] This exhibition was also displayed at the Mall Galleries in London in July and August 2017.[205]

Literature edit

Fiction edit

Chapter 22 of George MacDonald's novel The Marquis of Lossie (published in London in 1877 by Hurst and Blackett)[206] is entitled "Richmond Park".[207]

In Georgette Heyer's Regency romance Sylvester, or the Wicked Uncle (1957) there is an expedition to Richmond Park.[208]

Isabella Plantation in Richmond Park is the scene of a picnic and a child's disappearance in chapters 9 and 10 of Chris Cleave's 2008 novel The Other Hand.[209] Richmond Park features in Jacqueline Wilson's novel Lily Alone (2010) and in the poetry anthology she edited, Green Glass Beads (2011).[210]

Novelist Shena Mackay was commissioned by The Royal Parks to write a short story about Richmond Park named The Running of the Deer which was published in 2009.[211][212]

Anthony Horowitz's 2014 novel Moriarty, about Arthur Conan Doyle's character in his Sherlock Holmes stories, includes a scene set in Richmond Park.[213]

Non-fiction edit

A Hind in Richmond Park by William Henry Hudson, published in 1922 and republished in 2006, is an extended natural history essay. It includes an account of his visits to Richmond Park and a particular occasion when a young girl was struck by a red deer when she tried to feed it an acorn.[214]

Art edit

17th century edit

The oil painting The Carlile Family with Sir Justinian Isham in Richmond Park is held at Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire.[215] It was painted by Joan Carlile (1600–1679) who lived at Petersham Lodge.[156]

18th and 19th centuries edit

 
Richmond Park by Thomas Rowlandson

A portrait by T Stewart (a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds) in 1758 of John Lewis, Brewer of Richmond, Surrey, whose legal action forced Princess Amelia to reinstate pedestrian access to the park, is in the Richmond upon Thames Borough Art Collection. It is on display in Richmond Reference Library.[216]

Joseph Allen's Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), 1st Earl of Orford, KG, as Ranger of Richmond Park (after Jonathan Richardson the Elder) is in the collection of the National Trust, and is held at Erddig, Wrexham.[217] The painting is based on a portrait with a similar title, by Jonathan Richardson the Elder and John Wootton, which is held at Norwich Castle Museum and Art Gallery.[218]

Artist and caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827)'s drawing Richmond Park is at the Yale Center for British Art.[219]

The Earl of Dysart's Family in Richmond Park by William Frederick Witherington (1785–1865) is in The Hearsum Collection at Pembroke Lodge.[220]

Landscape: View in Richmond Park was painted in 1850 by the English Romantic painter John Martin. It is held at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.[221]

William Bennett's watercolour In Richmond Park, painted in 1852, is held by Tate Britain. It can be viewed, by appointment, at its Prints and Drawings Rooms.[222]

 
View in Richmond Park, A Small Bridge to the Right by Andrew Geddes

The oil painting In Richmond Park (1856) by the Victorian painter Henry Moore is in the collection of the York Museums Trust.[223][224]

Landscape with Deer, Richmond Park (1875) by Alfred Dawson is in the Reading Museum's collection.[225]

John Buxton Knight's White Lodge, Richmond Park, painted in 1898, is in the collection of Leeds Museums and Galleries.[226]

Andrew Geddes' View of Richmond Park, a Fountain on the Left (pre 1844), and View in Richmond Park, A Small Bridge to the Right (c.1826), are in the collection of Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums.[227][228]

20th and 21st centuries edit

The oil painting Richmond Park (1913) by Arthur George Bell is in the collection of the London Transport Museum.[229]

Spencer Gore's painting Richmond Park, thought to have been painted in the autumn of 1913 or shortly before the artist's death in March 1914, was exhibited at the Paterson and Carfax Gallery[230] in 1920. In 1939 it was exhibited in Warsaw, Helsingfors and Stockholm by the British Council as Group of Trees.[231] It is now in the collection of the Tate Gallery under its original title but is not currently on display.[231] The painting is one of a series of landscapes painted in Richmond Park during the last months of Gore's life.[232] According to Tate curator Helena Bonett, Gore's early death from pneumonia, two months before what would have been his 36th birthday, was brought on by his painting outdoors in Richmond Park in the cold and wet winter months.[233] It is not certain where in the park the picture was made but a row of trees close to the pond near Cambrian Gate has a very close resemblance to those in the painting.[234] Another Gore painting, with the same title (Richmond Park), painted in 1914, is at the Ashmolean Museum. His painting Wood in Richmond Park is in the Birmingham Art Gallery's collection.[235]

The oil painting Autumn, Richmond Park by Alfred James Munnings is at the Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum in Colchester.[236]

Chinese artist Chiang Yee wrote and illustrated several books while living in Britain. Deer in Richmond Park is Plate V in his book The Silent Traveller in London, published in 1938.[237]

Trees, Richmond Park, Surrey, painted in 1938 by Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, is in the Manchester Art Gallery's collection.[238]

Richmond Park No 2 by the English Impressionist painter Laura Knight is at the Royal Academy of Arts.[239]

In Richmond Park (1962) by James Andrew Wykeham Simons is at the UCL Art Museum at University College London.[240]

Kenneth Armitage (1916–2002) made a series of sculptures and drawings of oak trees in Richmond Park between 1975 and 1986.[241] His collage and etching Richmond Park: Tall Figure with Jerky Arms (1981) is in the British Government Art Collection and is on display at the British Embassy in Prague.[242] The Government Art Collection also holds his Richmond Park: Two Trees with White Trunks (1975),[243] Richmond Park: Five Trees, Grey Sky (1979)[244] and his sculpture Richmond Oak (1985–86).[245]

Richmond Park Morning, London (2004) by Bob Rankin is at Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton,[246] which also holds a panel of five oil paintings by Yvonne Fletcher entitled Richmond Park, London (2005–06).[247]

Historic posters edit

 
Lion (seen here in May 1980) masqueraded as Thunderbolt for the film The Titfield Thunderbolt.

The Underground Electric Railways Company published, in 1911, a poster, Richmond Park, designed by Charles Sharland. This is at the London Transport Museum,[248] which also has: a District line poster from 1908, Richmond Park for pleasure and fresh air, by an unknown artist;[249] Richmond Park, by an unknown artist (1910);[250] Richmond by Underground by Alfred France (1910);[251] Richmond Park by Arthur G Bell (1913);[252] Richmond Park; humours no. 10 by German American puppeteer and illustrator Tony Sarg (1913);[253] Richmond Park by tram by Charles Sharland (1913);[254] Richmond Park by Harold L Oakley (1914);[255] Natural history of London; no. 3, herons at Richmond Park by Edwin Noble (1916);[256] Richmond Park by Emilio Camilio Leopoldo Tafani (1920);[257] Rambles in Richmond Park by Freda Lingstrom (1924);[258] Richmond Park by Charles Paine (1925);[259] and Richmond Park, a poster commissioned by London Transport in 1938 and illustrated by the artist Dame Laura Knight.[260]

Film edit

Richmond Park has been a location for several films and TV series:

As well as a location for films, Richmond Park is regularly featured in television programmes, corporate videos and fashion shoots. It has made an appearance on Blue Peter, Inside Out (the BBC regional current affairs programme) and Springwatch (the BBC natural history series).[262] In 2014 it was featured in a video commissioned by The Hearsum Collection.[200] Most recently it was the subject of nature documentary Richmond Park – National Nature Reserve, presented by Sir David Attenborough and produced by the Friends of Richmond Park, which has won the best "Longform" film in the 2018 national Charity Film Awards.[270][271]

International connections edit

 
Park at Richmond Castle, Brunswick

Richmond Park, Brunswick, Germany edit

The "Richmond Park" in Germany is named after the park in Britain and was created in 1768 in Brunswick for Princess Augusta, sister of George III. She was married to the Duke of Brunswick and was feeling homesick, so an English-style park was designed by Lancelot "Capability" Brown and a palace built for her, both with the name "Richmond".[272][273]

In 1935, the palace including the entire estate was purchased by the City of Braunschweig. One condition for the purchase was that no structural changes ever be made and the park not be built on. The palace, which was rebuilt after the Second World War and reconstructed in 1987 to the historic original design, is now used for public events.[273] The nearly four-hectare (10-acre) park has been open to the public since 1964.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ An Ordnance Survey map, published in 1949 and now held at The National Archives (UK), shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the 1637 Enclosure Act.[69]
  2. ^ Its charity registration number is 1153010.[197]

References edit

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  2. ^ Historic England (2015). "Richmond Park (397979)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b Historic England (27 May 2020). "King Henry VIII's Mound, Richmond Park (1457267)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b Historic England (16 March 2020). "Mound at TQ1891972117, Richmond Park (1457269)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
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Sources edit

Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richmond Park.
  • Official website
  • Royal Parks' visitor information on Richmond Park
  • Royal Parks' map of Richmond Park
  • The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997, Statutory Instrument 1997 No.1639, HMSO
  • Friends of Richmond Park
  • Richmond Park National Nature Reserve film, presented by Sir David Attenborough, Friends of Richmond Park, 2 September 2018
  • The Heritage Pavilion (2014 video), The Hearsum Collection
  • Max Lankester (4 December 2015): What’s in a Name? Features of Richmond Park, Friends of Richmond Park

51°27′N 0°16′W / 51.450°N 0.267°W / 51.450; -0.267

January 19, 2024
richmond, park, other, uses, disambiguation, london, borough, richmond, upon, thames, largest, london, royal, parks, national, international, importance, wildlife, conservation, created, charles, 17th, century, deer, park, national, nature, reserve, site, spec. For other uses see Richmond Park disambiguation Richmond Park in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames is the largest of London s Royal Parks and is of national and international importance for wildlife conservation It was created by Charles I in the 17th century 2 as a deer park It is now a national nature reserve a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Special Area of Conservation and is included at Grade I on Historic England s Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England Its landscapes have inspired many famous artists and it has been a location for several films and TV series Richmond ParkSite of Special Scientific InterestIsabella Plantation Richmond ParkLocationGreater London England United KingdomGrid referenceTQ2073InterestBiological historicalArea955 hectares 2360 acres 1 Notification1992Location mapMagic Map The park is a national nature reserve Fallow deer in Richmond ParkBeverley Brook in the parkAdams PondRichmond Park includes many buildings of architectural or historic interest The Grade I listed White Lodge was formerly a royal residence and is now home to the Royal Ballet School The park s boundary walls and ten other buildings are listed at Grade II including Pembroke Lodge the home of 19th century British Prime Minister Lord John Russell and his grandson the philosopher Bertrand Russell In 2020 Historic England also listed two other features in the park King Henry s Mound which is possibly a round barrow 3 and another unnamed mound which could be a long barrow 4 5 6 Historically the preserve of the monarch the park is now open for all to use and includes a golf course and other facilities for sport and recreation It played an important role in both world wars and in the 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics Contents 1 Overview 1 1 Size 1 2 Status 1 3 Geography 2 Organisation 2 1 Governance 2 2 Access 2 3 Law enforcement 2 4 Sport and recreation 2 5 Friends of Richmond Park 3 History 3 1 Stuart origins 3 2 Georgian alterations 3 3 19th century 3 4 Early 20th century 3 5 World War II and its aftermath 3 6 Late 20th century present 4 Features 4 1 Boundary wall 4 2 Gates 4 2 1 Six original gates 4 2 2 Other gates 4 3 Buildings 4 3 1 Holly Lodge 4 3 2 Pembroke Lodge 4 3 3 Thatched House Lodge 4 3 4 White Lodge 4 3 5 Bishop s Gate Lodge 4 3 6 Other buildings 4 3 7 Former buildings 4 4 Viewpoints 4 4 1 King Henry s Mound 4 5 Plantings and memorials 4 5 1 James Thomson and Poet s Corner 4 5 2 Ian Dury 5 Nature 5 1 Wildlife 5 2 Ponds and streams 6 In culture 6 1 The Hearsum Collection 6 2 Literature 6 2 1 Fiction 6 2 2 Non fiction 6 3 Art 6 3 1 17th century 6 3 2 18th and 19th centuries 6 3 3 20th and 21st centuries 6 3 4 Historic posters 6 4 Film 7 International connections 7 1 Richmond Park Brunswick Germany 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Sources 12 Further reading 13 External linksOverview editSize edit Richmond Park is the largest of London s Royal Parks 7 It is the second largest park in London after the 10 000 acres 4 000 ha Lee Valley Park whose linear shaped area extends beyond the M25 into Hertfordshire and Essex and is Britain s second largest urban walled park after Sutton Park 1 Birmingham Comparison of areas Name of park City Area NotesHectares AcresRichmond Park London 955 2 360 1 Bois de Vincennes Paris 995 2 458 8 Bois de Boulogne Paris 846 2 090 9 Casa de Campo Madrid 1750 4 324 10 Central Park New York City 341 843 11 Status edit Of national and international importance for wildlife conservation most of Richmond Park 856 hectares 2115 acres is a Site of Special Scientific Interest SSSI 12 13 a National Nature Reserve NNR 14 and a Special Area of Conservation SAC 15 16 The largest Site of Special Scientific Interest in London it was designated as an SSSI in 1992 13 excluding the area of the golf course Pembroke Lodge Gardens and the Gate Gardens 16 In its citation Natural England said Richmond Park has been managed as a royal deer park since the seventeenth century producing a range of habitats of value to wildlife In particular Richmond Park is of importance for its diverse deadwood beetle fauna associated with the ancient trees found throughout the parkland In addition the park supports the most extensive area of dry acid grassland in Greater London 13 The park was designated as an SAC in April 2005 because it has a large number of ancient trees with decaying timber It is at the heart of the south London centre of distribution for stag beetle Lucanus cervus and is a site of national importance for the conservation of the fauna of invertebrates associated with the decaying timber of ancient trees 17 Since October 1987 the park has also been included at Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England being described in Historic England s listing as A royal deer park with pre C15 origins imparked by Charles I and improved by subsequent monarchs A public open space since the mid C19 18 Geography edit Richmond Park is located in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames It is close to Richmond Ham Petersham Kingston upon Thames Wimbledon Roehampton and East Sheen 1 Organisation editGovernance edit The Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport manages Richmond Park and the other Royal Parks of London under powers set out in the Crown Lands Act 1851 which transferred management of the parks from the monarch to the government Day to day management of the Royal Parks has been delegated to The Royal Parks an executive agency of the Department for Culture Media and Sport DCMS The Royal Parks Board sets the strategic direction for the agency Appointments to the Board are made by the Mayor of London 19 The Friends of Richmond Park and the Friends of Bushy Park co chair the Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum comprising 38 local groups of local stakeholder organisations 20 The forum was formed in September 2010 to consider proposals to bring Richmond Park and Bushy Park and London s other royal parks under the control of the Mayor of London through a new Royal Parks Board 20 21 and to make a joint response Although welcoming the principles of the new governance arrangements the forum in 2011 and the Friends of Richmond Park in 2012 expressed concerns about the composition of the new board 20 22 23 Access edit Richmond Park is the most visited royal park outside central London with 4 4 million visits in 2014 24 The park is enclosed by a high wall with several gates The gates either allow pedestrian and bicycle access only or allow bicycle pedestrian and other vehicle access The gates for motor vehicle access are open only during daylight hours the speed limit is 20 mph 32 km h The gates for pedestrians and cyclists are open 24 hours a day except during the deer culls in February and November when the pedestrian gates are closed between 8 00 pm and 7 30 am 25 However since 2020 there has been restricted through traffic in Richmond Park for example restricted traffic between Richmond Gate and Roehampton Gate at weekends 26 Apart from taxis no commercial vehicles are allowed unless they are being used to transact business with residents of the park 27 From April to November a free bus service calling at East Sheen runs on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays stopping at the main car parks and the gate at Isabella Plantation nearest Peg s Pond 28 29 nbsp The shared use cycle footpath between Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate crosses Beverley Brook amid willows The gates open to motor traffic are Sheen Gate Richmond Gate Ham Gate Kingston Gate Roehampton Gate and for access to Richmond Park Golf Course only Chohole Gate 30 31 The park has designated bridleways and cycle paths These are shown on maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances along with other regulations that govern use of the park 30 The bridleways are special in that they are for horses and their riders only and not open to cyclists like normal bridleways The Beverley Brook Walk runs through the park between Roehampton Gate and Robin Hood Gate 32 The Capital Ring walking route passes through the park from Robin Hood Gate to Petersham Gate Cycling is allowed only on main roads on National Cycle Route 4 through the centre of the park and on the Tamsin Trail the shared use pedestrian cycle path that runs close to the park s perimeter 33 34 National Cycle Route 4 crosses the park between Ham Gate in the west and Roehampton Gate in the east skirting Pen Ponds and White Lodge It interlinks with the Thames Cycle Route and forms part of the London Cycle Network 35 The speed limit on this route through the centre of the park where it is off the main road is 10 mph 16 km h 16 As the park is a national nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest all dog owners are required to keep their dogs under control while in the park This includes not allowing their dog to disturb other park users or disrupt wildlife In 2009 after some incidents leading to the death of wildfowl the park s dogs on leads policy was extended Park users are said to believe that the deer are feeling increasingly threatened by the growing number of dogs using the park 36 and Royal Parks advises against walking dogs in the park during the deer s birthing season 37 Law enforcement edit A mugging at gunpoint in 1854 reputedly led to the establishment of a park police force 38 Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate Royal Parks Constabulary but that was subsumed into the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police 39 The mounted police have been replaced by a patrol team in a four wheel drive vehicle In 2015 the Friends of Richmond Park expressed concern about plans to cut the numbers of police in the park to half their level ten years previously despite an increase in visitor numbers and in incidents of crime 40 In July 2012 it was reported that police had been given the power to issue 50 on the spot fines for littering cycling outside designated areas and dog fouling offences 41 In August 2012 a dog owner was ordered to pay 315 after allowing five dogs to chase ducks in the park 42 Since 2013 commercial dog walkers have been required to apply for licences to walk dogs in the park and are allowed to walk only four dogs at a time 43 In 2013 a cyclist was successfully prosecuted for speeding at 37 mph in the park 44 In 2015 a cycling club member was fined for speeding at 41 mph and faced disciplinary action from his cycling club which uses the park for training 45 In 2014 and 2015 two men were prosecuted for picking mushrooms in the park 46 47 Conservative MP Danny Kruger was fined after his puppy during a family walk caused a stampede when it chased a 200 strong herd of deer in the park in March 2021 48 Kruger apologised and said he would be more careful in future 49 Sport and recreation edit Cycling Cycles are available for hire near Roehampton Gate and at peak times near Pembroke Lodge 50 The Tamsin Trail shared between pedestrians and cyclists provides a circuit of the park and is almost entirely car free 34 Fishing is allowed by paid permit on Pen Ponds from mid June to mid March 50 Golf is played at Richmond Park Golf Course a public facility opened in 1923 by the Prince of Wales later King Edward VIII It has two 18 hole golf courses and practice facilities and is accessed from Chohole Gate Horse riding Horses from several local stables are ridden in the park 50 Rugby A section of the grassland to the north of the Roehampton Gate is maintained and laid out during the winter months for rugby there are three pitches At weekends this area is hired extensively to Rosslyn Park Rugby Football Club The club buses visiting teams to and from the park pitches from its nearby clubhouse and changing rooms 50 Running The Tamsin Trail is a 7 2 miles 11 6 km trail around the park which is popular with runners Members of Barnes Runners complete at least one circumnavigation of it on the first and third Sunday of every month Richmond Park Parkrun a five kilometre organised run takes place every Saturday 51 There are children s playgrounds at Kingston Gate and Petersham Gate 50 Friends of Richmond Park edit nbsp Mandarin duck in the parkFriends of Richmond Park nbsp AbbreviationFRPFormation1961Legal statusregistered charity and membership organisationHeadquartersRichmond LondonLocationEngland United KingdomMembership3 700Key peopleRoger Hillyer ChairmanMain organPark Life printed magazine published twice a year Volunteers300Websitewww wbr frp wbr org wbr ukThe Friends of Richmond Park FRP was founded in 1961 to protect the park In 1960 the speed limit in the park had been raised from 20 to 30 miles an hour and there were concerns that the roads in the park would be assigned to the main highway system as had recently happened in parts of Hyde Park 52 In 1969 plans by the then Greater London Council to assign the park s roads to the national highway were revealed by the Friends and subsequently withdrawn 53 The speed limit was reduced to 20 miles an hour in 2004 54 In 2011 the Friends successfully campaigned for the withdrawal of plans for open air screenings of films in the park 55 56 In 2012 the Friends contributed towards the cost of a new Jubilee Pond and launched a public appeal for a Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme in which the Friends the Richmond Park Wildlife Group and Healthy Planet have been working with staff from The Royal Parks to restore some of the streams and ponds in the park 57 58 59 The Friends run a visitor centre near Pembroke Lodge organise a programme of walks and education activities for young people and produce a quarterly newsletter The Friends have published two books A Guide to Richmond Park and Family Trails in Richmond Park profits from the books sales contribute towards the Friends conservation work 60 The Friends of Richmond Park has been a charitable organisation since 2009 61 It has 3 700 members is run by approximately 300 volunteers 62 and has no staff 61 Broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough former Richmond Park MP Baroness Susan Kramer and broadcaster Clare Balding are patrons of FRP 63 The chairman since April 2021 is Roger Hillyer 64 History editStuart origins edit In 1625 Charles I brought his court to Richmond Palace to escape an outbreak of plague in London 65 and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer 65 66 It was originally referred to as the king s New Park 67 to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond which is now known as Old Deer Park In 1637 he appointed Jerome Weston 2nd Earl of Portland as keeper of the new park for life with a fee of 12 old pence a day pasture for four horses and the use of the brushwood 68 later holders of that office were known as Ranger Charles s decision also in 1637 to enclose the land nb 1 was not popular with the local residents but he did allow pedestrians the right of way 70 To this day the walls remain although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced Following Charles I s execution custodianship of the park passed to the Corporation of the City of London It was returned to the restored monarch Charles II on his return to London in 1660 71 Georgian alterations edit In 1719 Caroline of Ansbach and her husband the future George II of Great Britain bought Richmond Lodge as a country residence This building had first been built as a hunting lodge for James I in 1619 and had also been occupied by William III 72 As shown in a map of 1734 Richmond Park and Richmond Gardens then formed a single unit the latter was merged with Kew Gardens by George III in the early 19th century 73 In 1736 the Queen s Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park 74 and Bog Gate or Queen s Gate was opened as a private entrance for Caroline to enter the park on her journeys between White Lodge and Richmond Lodge The same map shows Pen Ponds a lake divided in two by a causeway dug in 1746 and initially referred to as the Canals which is now a good place to see water birds 65 75 Richmond Lodge fell out of use on Caroline s death in 1737 but was brought back into use by her grandson George III as his summer residence from 1764 to 1772 when he switched his summer residence to Kew Palace and had Richmond Lodge demolished 76 nbsp Plaque outside Sheen Gate to John Lewis the Richmond brewer who secured public rights of access to the park in 1758In 1751 Caroline s daughter Princess Amelia became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of Robert Walpole Immediately afterwards the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public only allowing a few close friends and those with special permits to enter 77 This continued until 1758 when a local brewer John Lewis took the gatekeeper who stopped him from entering the park to court 78 The court ruled in favour of Lewis citing the fact that when Charles I enclosed the park in the 17th century he allowed the public right of way in the park Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions 79 80 19th century edit Full right of public access to the park was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1872 81 However people were no longer given the right to remove firewood this is still the case and helps in preserving the park 65 nbsp White Lodge from the airBetween 1833 and 1842 the Petersham Lodge estate and then part of Sudbrook Park were incorporated into Richmond Park Terrace Walk was created from Richmond Gate to Pembroke Lodge 82 The Russell School was built near Petersham Gate in 1851 83 Between 1855 and 1861 new drainage improvements were constructed including drinking points for deer 84 In 1867 and 1876 fallow deer from the park were sent to New Zealand to help build up stocks the first fallow deer introduced to that country 85 86 In or around 1870 the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers were using an area near Bog Gate as a drill ground 84 Giuseppe Garibaldi Italian general and politician visited Lord John Russell at Pembroke Lodge in 1864 87 as did the Shah of Persia Naser al Din Shah Qajar in 1873 He was the first modern Iranian monarch to visit Europe 87 Early 20th century edit Edward VII developed the park as a public amenity by opening up almost all the previously fenced woods and making public those gates that were previously private 88 From 1915 level areas of the park were marked out for football and cricket pitches 88 A golf course was developed on the former Great Paddock of Richmond Park an area used for feeding deer for the royal hunt The tree belt in this part of the park was supplemented by additional planting in 1936 89 The public golf course was opened in 1923 by Edward Prince of Wales 90 who was to become King Edward VIII and after his abdication Duke of Windsor The future king had been born in the park at White Lodge in 1894 91 In 1925 a second public 18 hole course was laid out to the south of the first towards Robin Hood Gate it was opened by the Duke of York George VI In honour of their respective openers Richmond Park Golf Course s two courses are named the Prince s and the Duke s The park played an important role during World War I and was used for cavalry training 92 On 7 December 1915 English inventor Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrated in a secret test on Pen Ponds how selenium cells would work in a remotely controlled prototype weapon for use against German Zeppelins 93 Reporting on this story several years later in April 1924 The Daily Chronicle reported that the test had been carried out in the presence of Arthur Balfour Lord Fisher and a staff of experts Its success led to Matthews receiving a payment of 25 000 from the Government the very next morning Despite this large sum changing hands the Admiralty never used the invention 94 Between 1916 and 1925 the park housed a South African military war hospital which was built between Bishop s Pond and Conduit Wood 95 96 The hospital closed in 1921 and was demolished in 1925 97 Richmond Cemetery just outside the park contains a section of war graves commemorating 39 soldiers who died at the hospital the section is marked by a Cross of Sacrifice and a Grade II listed 98 cenotaph designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens 99 Faisal I of Iraq and Lebanese politician Salim Ali Salam were photographed visiting the park in 1925 World War II and its aftermath edit An army camp was established in 1938 It covered 45 acres 18 ha to the south and east of Thatched House Lodge extending to the area south of Dann s Pond 100 101 It became known as Kingston Gate Camp and expanded the capacity of the East Surrey Regiment s regimental depot Infantry Training Centre ITC As a result the ITC was better able to meet the demands of training new recruits and called up militia between early 1940 and August 1941 when the ITC transferred to a facility in Canterbury shared with the Buffs 102 The camp was subsequently used as a military convalescent depot for up to 2 500 persons after which it continued as a base for the ATS until after the war 103 During World War II Pembroke Lodge was used as the base for Phantom the GHQ Liaison Regiment 100 The Pen Ponds were drained in order to disguise them as a landmark 104 and an experimental bomb disposal centre was set up at Killcat Corner which is between Robin Hood Gate and Roehampton Gate 105 An anti aircraft gun site was inside Sheen Gate for the duration of the war The Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited it on 10 November 1940 106 and it was featured in a photograph published in Picture Post on 13 December 1941 107 Associated with the gun site was the research site of the Army Operational Research Group AORG located on the polo field beside Sheen Cross where Stanley Hey researched improvements to the operation of anti aircraft gun laying radar During the war Hey discovered that the Sun is a radio source 108 and he investigated radio reflections from meteor trails and radio noise from cosmic sources In 1946 Hey s group discovered Cygnus A later shown to be the first radio galaxy The Richmond Park installation thus became the first radio observatory in Britain 108 In addition to use of the park for military purposes approximately 500 acres 200 ha of the park was converted to agricultural use during the war 109 The Russell School was destroyed by enemy action in 1943 110 and Sheen Cottage a year later 111 112 John Boyd Carpenter MP for Kingston upon Thames proposed using the Kingston Gate Camp to help alleviate the local post war housing shortage but Minister of Works Charles Key was opposed preferring that the site be eventually returned to its former parkland use 113 Key s department refurbished and repurposed the camp as an Olympic Village for the 1948 Summer Olympics 114 115 116 The Olympic Village was opened by Lord Burghley with Key making the announcement in July 1948 117 After the Olympics the camp was used by units of the Royal Corps of Signals and then by the Women s Royal Army Corps following their formation in 1949 as successor to the wartime ATS Although it had been hoped to clear the camp during the 1950s it remained in military use and was used to house service families repatriated following the Suez Crisis in 1956 It was not until 1965 that the camp was eventually demolished and reintegrated into the park during the following year 103 109 118 Late 20th century present edit In 1953 President Tito of Yugoslavia stayed at White Lodge during a state visit to Britain 119 The Petersham Hole was a sink hole caused by subsidence of a sewer which forced the total closure of the A307 road in Petersham in 1979 80 As the hole and subsequent repair work had forced a total closure of this main road between Richmond and Kingston traffic was diverted through the park and the Richmond Ham and Kingston gates remained open throughout the day and night The park road was widened at Ham Cross near Ham Gate to accommodate temporary traffic lights About 10 deer a month were killed by traffic while the diversion was in operation 120 When the present London Borough of Richmond upon Thames was created in 1965 it included the majority but not the whole of the park The eastern tip including Roehampton Gate belonged to the London Borough of Wandsworth and the southern tip belonged to the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Following a series of borough boundary changes in 1994 and 1995 these anomalies were corrected and the whole park became part of Richmond upon Thames 121 In the 2012 Summer Olympics the men s and the women s cycling road races went through the park 122 Features editBoundary wall edit The brick wall enclosing Richmond Park is eight miles 13 km long and up to 9 ft 2 7m high 123 Much of the wall is designated by Historic England as a Grade II listed building 124 Gates edit Six original gates edit nbsp Richmond Gate designed by Sir John SoaneWhen the park was enclosed in 1637 there were six gates in the boundary wall Coombe Gate Ham Gate Richmond Gate Robin Hood Gate Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate Of these Richmond Gate has the heaviest traffic The present gates were designed by Sir John Soane 125 126 and were widened in 1896 127 Sheen Gate was where the brewer John Lewis asserted pedestrian right of entry in 1755 after Princess Amelia had denied it The present double gates date from 1926 127 Coombe Gate later known as Ladderstile Gate provided access to the park for the parishioners of Coombe with both a gate and a stepladder The gate was locked in the early 1700s and bricked up in about 1735 The stepladder was reinstated after John Lewis s case in 1758 and remained in place until about 1884 The present gate dates from 1901 127 The present wrought iron gates of Roehampton Gate were installed in 1899 127 Ham Gate was widened in 1921 when the present wrought iron gates were installed The chinoiserie lantern lights over the gate were installed in 1825 127 Robin Hood Gate takes its name from the nearby Robin Hood Inn demolished in 2001 and is close to what is called 128 the Robin Hood roundabout on the A3 Widened in 1907 127 it has been closed to motorised vehicles since a 2003 traffic reduction trial 129 Alterations commenced in March 2013 to make the gates more suitable for pedestrian use and return some of the hard surface to parkland 130 Other gates edit Chohole Gate served the farm that stood within the park on the site of the present Kings Farm Plantation It is first mentioned in 1680 127 The gate now provides access to Richmond Park Golf Course Kingston Gate dates from about 1750 The existing gates date from 1898 127 Bog Gate or Queen s Gate which connects the park with East Sheen Common was built in 1736 Public access to the park via this gate 24 hours a day was granted in 1894 and the present cradle gate was installed 131 Petersham Gate served the Russell School replacing the more ornate gates to Petersham Lodge A disused carriage gate further up the hill was probably a tradesman s entrance to the school or to the Lodge stables 127 Bishop s Gate in Chisholm Road previously known as the Cattle Gate was for use by livestock allowed to pasture in the nineteenth century It was opened for public use in 1896 127 Kitchen Garden Gate hidden behind Teck Plantation is probably a nineteenth century gate It has never been open to the public 131 Cambrian Gate or Cambrian Road Gate 127 was constructed during World War I for access to the newly built South Africa Military Hospital 97 132 When the hospital was demolished in 1925 the entrance was made permanent with public access as a pedestrian gate 127 Buildings edit Holly Lodge Centre nbsp Formation1994 133 Legal statusRegistered charity 134 HeadquartersHolly LodgeLocationRichmond Park Richmond London United KingdomRegion servedGreater London and Surrey 134 Main organStepping Stones quarterly newsletter Budget 121 168 134 Staff2Volunteers90Websitewww wbr thehollylodgecentre wbr org wbr ukThe park includes a Grade I listed building White Lodge The park s boundary wall and ten other buildings are also Grade II listed 16 135 Ham Gate Lodge built in 1742 136 Holly Lodge formerly known as Bog Lodge and the game larder in its courtyard built in 1735 16 135 Pembroke Lodge Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge dated 1798 and designed by Sir John Soane 137 125 138 Thatched House Lodge and White Ash Lodge and its barns and stables built in the 1730s or 1740s 16 135 139 140 The freebord or deer leap is a strip of land 5 metres 16 6 wide running around most of the perimeter of the park Owned by the Crown it allows access to the outside of the boundary wall for inspection and repairs Householders whose property backs on to the park can use this land by paying an annual fee 141 142 Holly Lodge edit nbsp Holly LodgeIn 1735 a new lodge Cooper s Lodge was built on the site of Hill Farm 143 It was renamed Lucas s Lodge in 1771 and Bog Lodge in the 1790s 144 Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993 145 and now contains a visitors centre bookings only the park s administrative headquarters and a base for the Metropolitan Police s Royal Parks Operational Command Unit Holly Lodge also includes the Holly Lodge Centre an organisation which provides an opportunity for people of all ages and abilities to enjoy and learn from a series of hands on experiences focusing particularly on the environment and in the Victorian history and heritage of Richmond Park The centre which is wheelchair accessible throughout 146 was opened in 1994 133 It was founded by Mike Fitt 147 133 who was then The Royal Parks Superintendent of Richmond Park and later became Deputy Chief Executive of London s Royal Parks A registered charity 134 the Holly Lodge Centre received the Queen s Award for Voluntary Service in 2005 Princess Alexandra has been Holly Lodge Centre s Royal Patron since 2007 147 In 2011 she opened the centre s Victorian themed pharmacy Mr Palmer s Chymist This includes the original interior artefacts and dispensing records dating from 1865 from a chemist s shop in Mortlake and is used for educational activities The centre also includes a replica Victorian schoolroom and a kitchen garden planted with varieties of vegetables used in Victorian times and herbs cultivated for their medicinal properties 146 Pembroke Lodge edit Main article Pembroke Lodge nbsp Pembroke LodgePembroke Lodge and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then Prime Minister Lord John Russell and from 1876 to 1890 was the childhood home of his grandson Bertrand Russell 148 It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley Thatched House Lodge edit Main article Thatched House Lodge nbsp Thatched House LodgeThatched House Lodge was the London home of United States General Dwight D Eisenhower during the Second World War Since 1963 it has been the residence of Princess Alexandra The Honourable Lady Ogilvy It was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers as Aldridge Lodge and was enlarged in 1727 possibly by William Kent as a home for Sir Robert Walpole The two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane The gardens include an 18th century two room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name White Lodge edit nbsp White LodgeMain article White Lodge Built as a hunting lodge for George II by the architect Roger Morris White Lodge was completed in 1730 Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family The future king Edward VIII was born at White Lodge in 1894 149 his brother Prince Albert Duke of York the future George VI and the Duchess of York later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother lived there in the 1920s The Royal Ballet School formerly Sadler s Wells Ballet has been based since 1955 114 at White Lodge where younger ballet students continue to be trained Bishop s Gate Lodge edit Bishop s Gate Lodge takes its name from a gamekeeper who was on the staff in the first half of the 19th century A reference dated 1854 said that the keeper had had access to the lodge for the past fifty years The lodge is not shown on the 1813 plan of the park but appears on the plans of 1850 and its layout seems to have changed little from that time It forms part of a view over the park and beyond that is much favoured by amateur painters 150 Other buildings edit Oak Lodge near Sidmouth Wood was built in about 1852 as a home for the park bailiff who was responsible for repair and maintenance in the park 151 It is used by The Royal Parks as its base for a similar function today 151 There are also gate lodges at Chohole Gate Kingston Gate Robin Hood Gate Roehampton Gate 152 and at Sheen Gate which also has a bungalow Sheen Gate Bungalow 153 Ladderstile Cottage at Ladderstile Gate was built in the 1780s 154 Former buildings edit nbsp Sheen Lodge above and Sir Richard OwenA map by John Eyre Plan of His Majesty s New Park shows a summer house near Richmond Gate 67 Several buildings already existed within the park when it was created One of these was a manor house at Petersham which was renamed Petersham Lodge During the Commonwealth period it became accommodation for one of the park s deputy keepers Lodowick Carlell or Carlile who was also a renowned playwright in his day 155 and his wife Joan Carlile one of the first women to practise painting professionally 156 Elizabeth Countess of Dysart and her husband Sir Lionel Tollemache took over Petersham Lodge when they became joint keepers of Richmond Park After Tollemache s death the Lodge and its surrounding land were leased in 1686 to Lawrence Hyde Earl of Rochester whose sister Anne was married to the new king James II It became a private park and was subsequently landscaped By 1692 Rochester had demolished the Lodge and replaced it with a splendid new mansion in his New Park In 1732 a new Petersham Lodge was built to replace it after a fire 157 This Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835 82 Professor Sir Richard Owen the first Director of the Natural History Museum lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892 112 158 The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944 112 159 The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate 112 154 A bandstand similar to one in Kensington Gardens was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931 In 1975 after many years of disuse it was moved to Regent s Park 160 Viewpoints edit nbsp The protected view of St Paul s from King Henry s Mound before the Manhattan Loft Gardens development was builtThere is a protected view of St Paul s Cathedral from King Henry s Mound and also from Sawyer s Hill a view of central London in which the London Eye Tower 42 formerly the NatWest Tower and 30 St Mary Axe The Gherkin appear to be close to one another 161 King Henry s Mound edit nbsp Panorama of King Henry s MoundKing Henry s Mound which may have been a Neolithic burial barrow 162 163 was listed in 2020 by Historic England 3 along with another unnamed mound in the park which could be a long barrow 4 5 6 King Henry s Mound is located within the public gardens of Pembroke Lodge At various times the mound s name has been connected with Henry VIII or with his father Henry VII 162 However there is no evidence to support the legend that Henry VIII stood on the mound to watch for a sign from St Paul s that Anne Boleyn had been executed at the Tower and that he was then free to marry Jane Seymour 162 To the west of King Henry s Mound is a panorama of the Thames Valley 161 St Paul s Cathedral over 10 miles 16 km to the east can be seen through the naked eye or via a telescope that has been installed on the Mound This vista created soon after the cathedral was completed in 1710 164 is protected by a dome and a half width of sky on either side In 2005 the then Mayor of London Ken Livingstone sought to overturn this protection and reduce it to half a dome In 2009 his successor Boris Johnson promised to reinstate the wider view though also approving a development at Victoria Station which when completed will obscure its right hand corner 165 New gates The Way which can be viewed through the King Henry s Mound telescope were installed in 2012 on the edge of Sidmouth Wood to mark the 300th anniversary of St Paul s 166 In December 2016 it was reported that Manhattan Loft Gardens a 42 storey 135m tall apartment building under construction in Stratford an area of London not covered by these planning restrictions had destroyed the view from the park as it can now be seen behind the framed view of the cathedral s dome The developers said that Despite going through the correct planning processes in a public and transparent manner at no point was the subject of visual impact to St Paul s ever raised by the Olympic Delivery Authority or the Greater London Authority and that they were looking into the issues raised by the development 167 In November 2017 the Friends of Richmond Park reported that their campaigning on the issue had resulted in the Mayor of London Sadiq Khan instructing London planners to consult the Greater London Authority on planning requests for high rise buildings which if built could affect the visibility of St Paul s from established viewpoints His instruction has now been incorporated into planning procedures across Greater London 168 Plantings and memorials edit nbsp Azaleas flowering in Isabella Plantation in springtime nbsp Handkerchief tree Davidia involucrata in Prince Charles SpinneyThe park s open slopes and woods are based on lowland acid soils The grassland is mostly managed by grazing The park contains numerous woods and copses some created with donations from members of the public Between 1819 and 1835 Lord Sidmouth Deputy Ranger established several new plantations and enclosures including Sidmouth Wood and the ornamental Isabella Plantation both of which are fenced to keep the deer out 65 84 After World War II the existing woodland at Isabella Plantation was transformed into a woodland garden and is organically run resulting in a rich flora and fauna Opened to the public in 1953 169 it is now a major visitor attraction in its own right It is best known for the flowering in April and May of its evergreen azaleas and camellias which have been planted next to its ponds and streams There are also many rare and unusual trees and shrubs 170 The Jubilee Plantation created to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria was established in 1887 171 Prince Charles Spinney was planted out in 1951 172 with trees protected from the deer by fences to preserve a natural habitat The bluebell glade is managed to encourage native British bluebells Teck Plantation established in 1905 173 commemorates the Duke and Duchess of Teck who lived at White Lodge Their daughter Mary married George V 131 Tercentenary Plantation in 1937 173 marked the 300th anniversary of the enclosure of the park Victory Plantation was established in 1946 173 to mark the end of the Second World War Queen Mother s Copse a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate was established in 1980 173 to commemorate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother The park lost over 1000 mature trees during the Great Storm of 1987 and the Burns Day Storm of 1990 The subsequent replanting included a new plantation Two Storms Wood a short distance into the park from Sheen Gate Some extremely old trees can also be seen inside this enclosure 18 Bone Copse which was named in 2005 was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year Trees have been added annually and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died The annual planting has been continued by their children The park s Platinum Jubilee Woodland marking the Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was opened by Sir David Attenborough in March 2023 174 James Thomson and Poet s Corner edit nbsp Ian Dury memorial benchPoet s Corner an area at the north end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens commemorates the poet James Thomson 1700 1748 who was living in Richmond at the time of his death A bench inscribed with lines by Thomson and known as Poet s seat is located there Sculpted by Richard Farrington it was based on an idea by Jane Fowles 175 176 A wooden memorial plaque with an ode to Thomson by the writer and historian John Heneage Jesse was formerly located near Pembroke Lodge stables where it was installed in 1851 The plaque was replaced by the Selborne Society in 1895 176 In 2014 Poet s Corner was re sited to the other side of the main path and the ode on a re gilded board was installed in a completely new oak frame The new Poet s Corner funded by the Friends of Richmond Park and the Visitor Centre at Pembroke Lodge and by a donation in memory of Wendy Vachell also includes three curved benches made from reclaimed teak The benches are inscribed with a couplet by the Welsh poet W H Davies A poor life this if full of care we have no time to stand and stare 177 King Henry s Mound is inscribed with a few lines from Thomson s poem The Seasons 176 Poet s Corner is linked to King Henry s Mound by The John Beer Laburnum Arch named after one of Pembroke Lodge Gardens former charge hands The arch has a display of yellow laburnum flowers in May 178 Ian Dury edit In 2002 a musical bench designed by Mil Stricevic 179 was placed in a favoured viewing spot of rock singer and lyricist Ian Dury 1942 2000 near Poet s Corner On the back of the bench are the words Reasons to be cheerful the title of one of Dury s songs 176 The solar powered seat was intended to allow visitors to plug in and listen to eight of his songs as well as an interview but was subjected to repeated vandalism 180 In 2015 the bench was refurbished and the MP3 players and solar panels were replaced with metal plates on which a QR code can be scanned via a smartphone Visitors can access nine Ian Dury and the Blockheads songs and hear Dury s Desert Island Discs interview with Sue Lawley first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 15 December 1996 181 Nature editWildlife edit nbsp Red deer stag and starling nbsp A female rose ringed parakeet in the park nbsp Western jackdawOriginally created for deer hunting Richmond Park now has 630 red and fallow deer 182 that roam freely within much of the park A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained 183 about 200 deer are culled annually and the meat is sold to licensed game dealers 184 185 Some deer are also killed in road accidents through ingesting litter such as small items of plastic or by dogs The park is an important refuge for other wildlife including woodpeckers squirrels rabbits snakes frogs toads stag beetles and many other insects plus numerous ancient trees and varieties of fungi It is particularly notable for its rare beetles 14 Richmond Park supports a large population of ring necked or rose ringed parakeets These bred from birds that escaped or were freed from captivity 186 Ponds and streams edit nbsp This is the southern of the two Pen Ponds nbsp A stream flows through the Isabella Plantation There are about 30 ponds in the park Some including Barn Wood Pond Bishop s Pond Gallows Pond Leg of Mutton Pond Martin s Pond and White Ash Pond have been created to drain the land or to provide water for livestock The Pen Ponds which in the past were used to rear carp for food 187 date from 1746 65 They were formed when a trench was dug in the early 17th century to drain a boggy area later in that century this was widened and deepened by the extraction of gravel for local building The Ponds now take in water from streams flowing from the higher ground around them and release it to Beverley Brook Beverley Brook and the two Pen Ponds are most visible areas of water in the park 188 Beverley Brook rises at Cuddington Recreation Ground in Worcester Park 189 and enters the park where it is followed by the Tamsin Trail and Beverley Walk at Robin Hood Gate creating a water feature used by deer smaller animals and water grasses and some water lilies Its name is derived from the former presence in the river of the European beaver Castor fiber 190 a species extinct in Britain since the 16th century 191 Most of the streams in the park drain into Beverley Brook but a spring above Dann s Pond flows to join Sudbrook from South brook on the park boundary Sudbrook flows through a small valley known as Ham Dip and has been dammed and enlarged in two places to form Ham Dip Pond and Ham Gate Pond first mapped in 1861 and 1754 respectively These were created for the watering of deer 192 Both ponds underwent restoration work including de silting which was completed in 2013 193 Sudbrook drains the western escarpment of the hill that to the east forms part of the catchment of Beverley Brook and to the south the Hogsmill River Sudbrook is joined by the Latchmere stream just beyond Ham Gate Pond Sudbrook then flows into Sudbrook Park Petersham Another stream rises north of Sidmouth Wood and goes through Conduit Wood towards the park boundary near Bog Gate 188 A separate water system for Isabella Plantation was developed in the 1950s Water from the upper Pen Pond is pumped to Still Pond Thomson s Pond and Peg s Pond 188 The park s newest pond is Attenborough Pond opened by and named after the broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough in July 2014 194 It was created as part of the park s Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme 195 In culture editThe Hearsum Collection edit The Hearsum Collection nbsp Formation2013FounderDaniel Hearsum 1958 2021 196 Registration no 1153010Legal statusRegistered charityHeadquartersPembroke Lodge Richmond ParkLocationRichmond London England United KingdomChairJane HearsumBudget 14 700Websitehearsumcollection wbr org wbr ukThe Hearsum Collection is a registered charity nb 2 that collects and preserves the heritage of Richmond Park It has a collection which was started by the late Daniel Hearsum in 1997 198 of heritage material covering the last four centuries with over 5000 items including antique prints paintings 199 maps postcards photographs documents books and press cuttings Volunteers from the Friends of Richmond Park have been cataloguing them 199 The Collection which as of 2024 continues to be stored in unsatisfactory accommodation in Pembroke Lodge 200 is overseen by volunteers and part time staff The trustees announced in 2014 plans for a new purpose built heritage centre to provide full public access to the Collection 200 201 202 203 In April 2017 the Collection in collaboration with The Royal Parks and Ireland s Office of Public Works mounted an exhibition at Dublin s Phoenix Park entitled Parks Our Shared Heritage The Phoenix Park Dublin amp The Royal Parks London demonstrating the historical links between Richmond Park and other Royal Parks in London and Phoenix Park 204 This exhibition was also displayed at the Mall Galleries in London in July and August 2017 205 Literature edit Fiction edit Chapter 22 of George MacDonald s novel The Marquis of Lossie published in London in 1877 by Hurst and Blackett 206 is entitled Richmond Park 207 In Georgette Heyer s Regency romance Sylvester or the Wicked Uncle 1957 there is an expedition to Richmond Park 208 Isabella Plantation in Richmond Park is the scene of a picnic and a child s disappearance in chapters 9 and 10 of Chris Cleave s 2008 novel The Other Hand 209 Richmond Park features in Jacqueline Wilson s novel Lily Alone 2010 and in the poetry anthology she edited Green Glass Beads 2011 210 Novelist Shena Mackay was commissioned by The Royal Parks to write a short story about Richmond Park named The Running of the Deer which was published in 2009 211 212 Anthony Horowitz s 2014 novel Moriarty about Arthur Conan Doyle s character in his Sherlock Holmes stories includes a scene set in Richmond Park 213 Non fiction edit A Hind in Richmond Park by William Henry Hudson published in 1922 and republished in 2006 is an extended natural history essay It includes an account of his visits to Richmond Park and a particular occasion when a young girl was struck by a red deer when she tried to feed it an acorn 214 Art edit 17th century edit The oil painting The Carlile Family with Sir Justinian Isham in Richmond Park is held at Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire 215 It was painted by Joan Carlile 1600 1679 who lived at Petersham Lodge 156 18th and 19th centuries edit nbsp Richmond Park by Thomas RowlandsonA portrait by T Stewart a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1758 of John Lewis Brewer of Richmond Surrey whose legal action forced Princess Amelia to reinstate pedestrian access to the park is in the Richmond upon Thames Borough Art Collection It is on display in Richmond Reference Library 216 Joseph Allen s Sir Robert Walpole 1676 1745 1st Earl of Orford KG as Ranger of Richmond Park after Jonathan Richardson the Elder is in the collection of the National Trust and is held at Erddig Wrexham 217 The painting is based on a portrait with a similar title by Jonathan Richardson the Elder and John Wootton which is held at Norwich Castle Museum and Art Gallery 218 Artist and caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson 1756 1827 s drawing Richmond Park is at the Yale Center for British Art 219 The Earl of Dysart s Family in Richmond Park by William Frederick Witherington 1785 1865 is in The Hearsum Collection at Pembroke Lodge 220 Landscape View in Richmond Park was painted in 1850 by the English Romantic painter John Martin It is held at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge 221 William Bennett s watercolour In Richmond Park painted in 1852 is held by Tate Britain It can be viewed by appointment at its Prints and Drawings Rooms 222 nbsp View in Richmond Park A Small Bridge to the Right by Andrew GeddesThe oil painting In Richmond Park 1856 by the Victorian painter Henry Moore is in the collection of the York Museums Trust 223 224 Landscape with Deer Richmond Park 1875 by Alfred Dawson is in the Reading Museum s collection 225 John Buxton Knight s White Lodge Richmond Park painted in 1898 is in the collection of Leeds Museums and Galleries 226 Andrew Geddes View of Richmond Park a Fountain on the Left pre 1844 and View in Richmond Park A Small Bridge to the Right c 1826 are in the collection of Aberdeen Archives Gallery and Museums 227 228 20th and 21st centuries edit The oil painting Richmond Park 1913 by Arthur George Bell is in the collection of the London Transport Museum 229 Spencer Gore s painting Richmond Park thought to have been painted in the autumn of 1913 or shortly before the artist s death in March 1914 was exhibited at the Paterson and Carfax Gallery 230 in 1920 In 1939 it was exhibited in Warsaw Helsingfors and Stockholm by the British Council as Group of Trees 231 It is now in the collection of the Tate Gallery under its original title but is not currently on display 231 The painting is one of a series of landscapes painted in Richmond Park during the last months of Gore s life 232 According to Tate curator Helena Bonett Gore s early death from pneumonia two months before what would have been his 36th birthday was brought on by his painting outdoors in Richmond Park in the cold and wet winter months 233 It is not certain where in the park the picture was made but a row of trees close to the pond near Cambrian Gate has a very close resemblance to those in the painting 234 Another Gore painting with the same title Richmond Park painted in 1914 is at the Ashmolean Museum His painting Wood in Richmond Park is in the Birmingham Art Gallery s collection 235 The oil painting Autumn Richmond Park by Alfred James Munnings is at the Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum in Colchester 236 Chinese artist Chiang Yee wrote and illustrated several books while living in Britain Deer in Richmond Park is Plate V in his book The Silent Traveller in London published in 1938 237 Trees Richmond Park Surrey painted in 1938 by Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook is in the Manchester Art Gallery s collection 238 Richmond Park No 2 by the English Impressionist painter Laura Knight is at the Royal Academy of Arts 239 In Richmond Park 1962 by James Andrew Wykeham Simons is at the UCL Art Museum at University College London 240 Kenneth Armitage 1916 2002 made a series of sculptures and drawings of oak trees in Richmond Park between 1975 and 1986 241 His collage and etching Richmond Park Tall Figure with Jerky Arms 1981 is in the British Government Art Collection and is on display at the British Embassy in Prague 242 The Government Art Collection also holds his Richmond Park Two Trees with White Trunks 1975 243 Richmond Park Five Trees Grey Sky 1979 244 and his sculpture Richmond Oak 1985 86 245 Richmond Park Morning London 2004 by Bob Rankin is at Queen Mary s Hospital Roehampton 246 which also holds a panel of five oil paintings by Yvonne Fletcher entitled Richmond Park London 2005 06 247 Historic posters edit nbsp Lion seen here in May 1980 masqueraded as Thunderbolt for the film The Titfield Thunderbolt The Underground Electric Railways Company published in 1911 a poster Richmond Park designed by Charles Sharland This is at the London Transport Museum 248 which also has a District line poster from 1908 Richmond Park for pleasure and fresh air by an unknown artist 249 Richmond Park by an unknown artist 1910 250 Richmond by Underground by Alfred France 1910 251 Richmond Park by Arthur G Bell 1913 252 Richmond Park humours no 10 by German American puppeteer and illustrator Tony Sarg 1913 253 Richmond Park by tram by Charles Sharland 1913 254 Richmond Park by Harold L Oakley 1914 255 Natural history of London no 3 herons at Richmond Park by Edwin Noble 1916 256 Richmond Park by Emilio Camilio Leopoldo Tafani 1920 257 Rambles in Richmond Park by Freda Lingstrom 1924 258 Richmond Park by Charles Paine 1925 259 and Richmond Park a poster commissioned by London Transport in 1938 and illustrated by the artist Dame Laura Knight 260 Film edit Richmond Park has been a location for several films and TV series A locomotive runs through the park and crashes into a tree in the Ealing Studios comedy film The Titfield Thunderbolt 1953 261 In the 1968 film Performance James Fox crosses Richmond Park in a Rolls Royce car 261 The park was the backdrop for the classic historical film Anne of the Thousand Days 1969 262 with Richard Burton and Genevieve Bujold which looks back to what is now Richmond in the 16th century The film tells the story of King Henry VIII s courtship of Anne Boleyn and their brief marriage An Indian dust storm was filmed in the park for the film Heat and Dust 1983 261 The Royal Ballet School in Richmond Park featured in the film Billy Elliot 2000 261 263 In 2010 director Guy Ritchie filmed parts of Sherlock Holmes A Game of Shadows 2011 in the park with Robert Downey Jr and Jude Law 264 Some of the scenes from Into the Woods 2014 the Disney fantasy film featuring Meryl Streep 265 were filmed in the park 266 267 Richmond Park was the setting for some scenes in the 2018 family comedy film Patrick 268 269 As well as a location for films Richmond Park is regularly featured in television programmes corporate videos and fashion shoots It has made an appearance on Blue Peter Inside Out the BBC regional current affairs programme and Springwatch the BBC natural history series 262 In 2014 it was featured in a video commissioned by The Hearsum Collection 200 Most recently it was the subject of nature documentary Richmond Park National Nature Reserve presented by Sir David Attenborough and produced by the Friends of Richmond Park which has won the best Longform film in the 2018 national Charity Film Awards 270 271 International connections edit nbsp Park at Richmond Castle BrunswickRichmond Park Brunswick Germany edit The Richmond Park in Germany is named after the park in Britain and was created in 1768 in Brunswick for Princess Augusta sister of George III She was married to the Duke of Brunswick and was feeling homesick so an English style park was designed by Lancelot Capability Brown and a palace built for her both with the name Richmond 272 273 In 1935 the palace including the entire estate was purchased by the City of Braunschweig One condition for the purchase was that no structural changes ever be made and the park not be built on The palace which was rebuilt after the Second World War and reconstructed in 1987 to the historic original design is now used for public events 273 The nearly four hectare 10 acre park has been open to the public since 1964 See also editEast Sheen Common Pesthouse Common Richmond Richmond Cemetery Richmond Park Golf Course Sudbrook Park Petersham List of National Nature Reserves in England List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London Parks open spaces and nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon ThamesNotes edit An Ordnance Survey map published in 1949 and now held at The National Archives UK shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the 1637 Enclosure Act 69 Its charity registration number is 1153010 197 References edit a b c d Department of the Official Report Hansard House of Commons Westminster House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 7 Feb 2002 pt 18 UK Parliament Retrieved 6 February 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Historic England 2015 Richmond Park 397979 Research records formerly PastScape Retrieved 3 May 2015 a b Historic England 27 May 2020 King Henry VIII s Mound Richmond Park 1457267 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 8 June 2020 a b Historic England 16 March 2020 Mound at TQ1891972117 Richmond Park 1457269 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 8 June 2020 a b Ancient Burial Mounds in London s Richmond Park Protected Press release Historic England 31 May 2020 Retrieved 8 June 2020 a b King Henry VIII s Mound protected as scheduled monument BBC News 1 June 2020 Retrieved 8 June 2020 Our parks The Royal Parks Retrieved 18 January 2018 Bois de Vincennes Chateau Zoo Paris Digest 2018 Retrieved 28 November 2018 Dominique Jarrasse 2007 Grammaire des jardins Parisiens in French Parigramme ISBN 9782840964766 OL 21422234M Instituto Geografico Nacional Spain Visor cartografico Iberpix Retrieved 20 July 2014 Frequently Asked Questions CentralPark com 8 September 2017 Retrieved 30 August 2020 Map of Richmond Park SSSI Natural England Retrieved 1 June 2023 a b c Richmond Park Designations PDF Friends of Richmond Park January 2019 Retrieved 31 July 2023 a b London National Nature Reserves Natural England 2 August 2014 Retrieved 31 October 2018 Richmond Park Joint Nature Conservation Committee Retrieved 26 October 2023 a b c d e f Strategic Framework PDF Richmond Park Management Plan The Royal Parks January 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 2 February 2015 Retrieved 2 February 2015 Richmond Park SAC selection Joint Nature Conservation Committee 2005 Retrieved 12 May 2023 a b Historic England 1 October 1987 Richmond Park 1000828 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 24 June 2017 Royal Parks Board Greater London Authority Retrieved 19 February 2022 a b c Ron Crompton amp Pieter Morpurgo 19 October 2011 Letter to Sir Edward Lister Deputy Mayor of London re Royal Parks Board PDF Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum Retrieved 22 October 2012 Responsibility for London s Royal Parks to pass to London s Mayor Department for Culture Media and Sport and John Penrose MP 8 February 2011 Retrieved 12 May 2023 New Board for Royal Parks Friends of Richmond Park October 2011 Retrieved 12 May 2023 Royal Parks Board appointed Friends of Richmond Park 12 February 2012 Retrieved 19 February 2022 Number of visitors to Royal Parks in the United Kingdom UK in 2014 by park in millions Statista Retrieved 4 September 2018 Opening times and getting here Visitor information The Royal Parks Retrieved 1 February 2015 The Royal Parks traffic reduction measures to remain in place for another year The Royal Parks 9 March 2021 Retrieved 7 July 2021 The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997 Retrieved 29 October 2020 Free minibus service in Richmond Park Visitor Information The Royal Parks Retrieved 2 April 2023 RP1 timetable PDF The Royal Parks 2023 Retrieved 2 April 2023 a b Richmond Park map PDF The Royal Parks Archived from the original PDF on 2 February 2015 Retrieved 1 February 2015 Getting to the Park PDF Richmond Park Management Plan The Royal Parks January 2008 p 10 Archived from the original PDF on 2 February 2015 Retrieved 2 February 2015 Beverley Brook Walk PDF London Borough of Merton 12 September 2007 Cycling in the Royal Parks Managing the parks The Royal Parks Retrieved 27 July 2019 a b Tamsin Trail at Richmond Park Sustrans Retrieved 4 August 2019 Sustrans NCN Route 4 Retrieved 29 October 2020 Jasper Copping 10 June 2012 Watch out Fenton Richmond Park deers take on dogs The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 12 July 2023 Richmond Park dogwalkers chased by protective deer BBC News 3 June 2013 Retrieved 8 June 2013 Baxter Brown p 115 Policing in the Royal Parks The Royal Parks Retrieved 6 February 2015 Bad news on policing News Friends of Richmond Park 2015 Retrieved 27 May 2023 Park to bring in bad behaviour penalties Richmond and Twickenham Times 13 July 2012 p 7 Amy Dyduch 19 September 2012 Fine for man who allowed dogs to chase ducks in Richmond Park Richmond and Twickenham Times Retrieved 2 June 2023 About the Professional Dog Walking Licence The Royal Parks Retrieved 6 February 2015 Clare Buchanan 18 September 2013 Speeding fine for teenager doing 37mph on bicycle Richmond and Twickenham Times Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 Retrieved 16 March 2015 Josh Pettitt amp Matt Watts 12 March 2015 Speeding cyclist who reached 40mph in Richmond Park faces expulsion from top club Evening Standard Retrieved 12 March 2015 Laura Proto 27 January 2015 Mushroom tamperer gets conditional discharge after Richmond Park picking Richmond Guardian Retrieved 13 February 2015 Laura Proto 9 December 2014 Mushroom thief fined after picking in Richmond Park Richmond Guardian Retrieved 13 February 2015 Henry Vaughan 7 June 2021 Tory MP fined after puppy caused stampede of deer in London park Yahoo News Retrieved 28 June 2021 Danny Kruger MP fined over puppy s Richmond Park deer stampede BBC News 7 June 2021 Archived from the original on 7 June 2021 Retrieved 8 June 2021 a b c d e Sports and leisure The Royal Parks Retrieved 13 December 2020 Richmond parkrun parkrun UK Retrieved 15 July 2023 Pollard and Crompton pp 2 3 Pollard and Crompton p 9 Pollard and Crompton p 33 Paul Teed 11 August 2011 Richmond Park cinema plans withdrawn Richmond Guardian Retrieved 8 December 2022 Friends oppose Park screenings Friends of Richmond Park website 19 July 2011 Retrieved 3 October 2020 New Jubilee Pond in Richmond Park to be Created St Margarets Community website 11 May 2012 Retrieved 5 June 2012 Christine Fleming 10 May 2012 Jubilee pond to open in Richmond Park Richmond Guardian Retrieved 15 July 2023 Work starts on more ponds Friends of Richmond Park 2012 Retrieved 13 December 2020 New guide book to Richmond Park London Borough of Wandsworth 28 March 2011 Retrieved 15 July 2023 a b Christine Fleming 25 March 2011 Friends of Richmond Park to mark 50 years of protecting the green space Wandsworth Guardian Retrieved 2 April 2012 What we did in 2022 Achievements and performance during the year Friends of Richmond Park Retrieved 10 September 2023 Christine Fleming 3 April 2011 Sir David Attenborough steps up as Friends of Richmond Park marks golden anniversary Richmond and Twickenham Times Retrieved 8 September 2014 Contact us Friends of Richmond Park Retrieved 8 December 2022 a b c d e f Richmond Park Landscape History The Royal Parks Retrieved 7 October 2012 About the Park History The Friends of Richmond Park Retrieved 13 December 2020 a b Surrey Richmond Plan of New Park now Richmond Park as in 1754 Scale 1 inch to The National Archives UK Retrieved 4 January 2022 William Douglas Hamilton ed 1888 Calendar of State Papers Domestic series of the reign of Charles I 1644 preserved in Her Majesty s Public Record Office London HMSO p 234 Richmond Park field boundaries before Enclosure Act 1637 ZOS 5 5 The National Archives UK 1949 Retrieved 31 July 2023 H E Malden 1911 A History of the County of Surrey Volume 3 Victoria County History British History Online pp 533 546 Retrieved 3 December 2012 McDowall p 51 Susanne Groom and Lee Prosser 2006 Kew Palace The Official Illustrated History Merrell Publishers pp 26 40 ISBN 978 1858943237 John Rocque Plan of the House Gardens Park amp Hermitage of their Majesties at Richmond 1734 Royal Collection Trust Retrieved 21 July 2016 Michael Davison 2011 Buildings inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 97 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 Baxter Brown p 51 Susanne Groom and Lee Prosser 2006 Kew Palace The Official Illustrated History Merrell Publishers pp 72 81 ISBN 978 1858943237 Kenneth J Panton 2011 Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy Scarecrow Press Inc ISBN 978 0 8108 5779 7 p 45 Pollard and Crompton p 38 A Park Milestone Celebrated Friends of Richmond Park 27 May 2008 Retrieved 19 February 2022 Max Lankester Friends of Richmond Park September 2009 John Lewis re establishment of pedestrian access to Richmond Park PDF London Borough of Richmond upon Thames Retrieved 15 July 2023 Max Lankester 2011 History inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 88 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 a b Cloake p 190 Max Lankester 2011 History inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 89 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 a b c Cloake p 196 A H C Christie amp J R H Andrews July 1966 Introduced ungulates in New Zealand D Fallow deer Tuatara 14 2 84 Retrieved 15 July 2023 Baxter Brown p 118 a b Cloake p 192 a b McDowall p 90 McDowall pp 121 126 Baxter Brown p 150 Pamela Fletcher Jones 1972 Richmond Park Portrait of a Royal Playground Phillimore amp Co Ltd p 36 ISBN 978 0850334975 Mary Pollard amp Robert Wood 17 November 2014 Richmond Park and the First World War PDF Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter Friends of Richmond Park Retrieved 30 September 2023 Jonathan Foster 2008 Remote Controlled Boat The Death Ray The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews Jonathan Foster Archived from the original on 22 January 2016 Retrieved 6 February 2015 Jonathan Foster 2009 The Death Ray The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews Inventive Publishing ISBN 978 0956134806 McDowall pp 95 96 South African Military Hospital Lost Hospitals of London Retrieved 17 December 2013 a b The First World War and Richmond Park The Hearsum Collection 2 June 2015 Retrieved 15 July 2023 Historic England 24 July 2012 South African War Memorial 1409475 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 19 October 2016 Richmond Park London The South African Military Hospital World War One At Home BBC 6 November 2015 Retrieved 30 September 2023 a b Max Lankester 2011 History inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 91 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 Kingston Gate Camp Map 1 1 250 1 2 500 National Grid maps 1940s 1960s Richmond Park Ordnance Survey 1959 Retrieved 28 October 2020 David Scott Daniell 1957 The History of the East Surrey Regiment Vol IV 1920 1952 London Ernest Benn Limited pp 115 116 OCLC 492800784 a b Rabbitts 2014 p 145 McDowall p 91 Mike Osborne 2012 Defending London A Military History from Conquest to Cold War Stroud Gloucestershire The History Press ISBN 978 07524 7930 9 Simon Fowler October 2020 Winston Churchill in Richmond Richmond Local History Society Retrieved 24 April 2021 Compiled by members of the Richmond Local History Society 1990 John Cloake ed Richmond in Old Photographs Alan Sutton Publishing p 151 ISBN 978 0 86299 855 4 a b Timothy M M Baker October 2021 Richmond Park radio astronomy s birthplace Richmond History Richmond Local History Society 42 22 27 ISSN 0263 0958 a b Richmond Park Closed Area Parliamentary Debates Hansard House of Commons 3 July 1950 Retrieved 28 October 2020 McDowall p 97 McDowall p 95 a b c d Robert Wood June 2019 A house through time Richmond History Richmond Local History Society 40 34 42 ISSN 0263 0958 Richmond Park Camp Use Parliamentary Debates Hansard House of Commons 6 November 1947 Retrieved 28 October 2020 a b Cloake p 201 Olympic Town at Richmond Park BBC News 4 June 1948 Retrieved 28 October 2020 The XIVth Olympiad The Sphere British Newspaper Archive 31 July 1948 Opening Of Olympic Centre In London 1948 Motion picture black and white Gaumont British Newsreel Reuters 5 July 1948 film id VLVA354L6FHKU412LLQ9JN7WB90IO Retrieved 20 May 2021 Michael Davison July 2005 When the Olympics Came to Richmond Park The National Archives UK pp 11 12 Retrieved 12 May 2023 Guide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park 2011 p 130 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 Pollard and Crompton pp 11 12 The Greater London and Surrey County and London Borough Boundaries No 2 Order 1993 legislation gov uk Retrieved 15 July 2023 Barry Glendenning 29 July 2012 Olympic road race women s cycling as it happened The Guardian London Retrieved 15 November 2012 Michael Davison 2011 Buildings inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 103 ISBN 978 0952784708 Historic England 6 October 1983 Boundary walls to Richmond Park section to south west of Kingston Place 1358450 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 5 September 2018 a b Gate design credited to Soane Friends of Richmond Park 1 October 2010 Retrieved 10 September 2023 Historic England 10 January 1950 Richmond Gate Lodge Screen Walls Gate Piers and Gates 1263361 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 19 October 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l McDowall pp 71 78 Nigel Cox A3 Robin Hood Roundabout Geograph Retrieved 8 October 2012 Juliet Aylward 10 June 2003 Park blocks scenic rat run BBC News Retrieved 1 June 2022 March Park diaries Friends of Richmond Park 7 March 2013 Retrieved 1 June 2023 a b c McDowall p 70 Cloake p 198 a b c Famous faces celebrate 20 years of the Holly Lodge Centre in Richmond Park Press release The Royal Parks 19 August 2014 Retrieved 24 April 2021 a b c d 1076741 Holly Lodge Centre Find charities Charity Commission Retrieved 29 May 2017 a b c Listed buildings Register PDF London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 14 October 2019 Retrieved 31 July 2023 Cloake p 108 Pollard and Crompton p 42 Historic England 10 January 1950 Richmond Gate Lodge Screen Walls Gate Piers and Gates 1263361 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 19 October 2016 Michael Davison 2011 Buildings inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 100 ISBN 978 0952784708 Historic England 30 January 1976 White Ash Lodge 1250204 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 19 October 2016 Public Access PDF Richmond Park Management Plan The Royal Parks January 2008 p 11 Archived from the original PDF on 2 February 2015 Retrieved 2 February 2015 Robert Wood The Deer Leap of Richmond Park Richmond Local History Society Retrieved 8 June 2020 Michael Davison 2011 Buildings inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 96 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 Robert Wood November 2023 How Bog Lodge became Holly Lodge Richmond History Richmond Local History Society 44 22 ISSN 0263 0958 Pollard and Crompton p 22 a b Facilities available About us Holly Lodge Centre Retrieved 12 September 2016 a b Who we are About us Holly Lodge Centre Retrieved 18 October 2023 Rachel Hirschler November 2023 Bertrand Russell s childhood years at Pembroke Lodge Richmond History Richmond Local History Society 44 6 ISSN 0263 0958 H E Malden ed 1911 Parishes Richmond anciently Sheen A History of the County of Surrey Volume 3 Institute of Historical Research Retrieved 27 December 2023 Rabbitts 2014 verification needed a b Michael Davison 2011 Buildings inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 101 ISBN 978 09567469 0 0 Nigel Cox Richmond Park Roehampton Gate and Lodge Geograph Retrieved 8 October 2012 Living in the Parks The Royal Parks Retrieved 7 February 2015 a b McDowall p 73 McDowall p 47 a b Margaret Toynbee Gyles Isham September 1954 Joan Carlile 1606 1679 An Identification The Burlington Magazine Documents concerning artistic associates of Santa Maria della Scala 96 618 275 274 JSTOR 871403 Cloake p 28 James Adlam 22 January 2004 Remembering Victorian scientist Richmond and Twickenham Times Retrieved 31 July 2023 McDowall pp 94 95 Compiled by members of the Richmond Local History Society 1990 John Cloake ed Richmond in Old Photographs Alan Sutton Publishing p 86 ISBN 978 0 86299 855 4 a b Best viewpoints in Richmond Park www richmondparklondon co uk Retrieved 2 February 2015 a b c John Cloake 2014 Sheene Chase and King Henry VIII s Mound two incorrect myths concerning Richmond Park Richmond History The Journal of Richmond History Society 35 38 40 Retrieved 8 June 2020 Bridget Cherry Nickolaus Pevsner 1983 The Buildings of England London 2 South Harmondsworth Middlesex England Penguin Books p 102 ISBN 978 0140710472 Michael Davison 15 August 2013 James Batten amp St Paul s view News stories Friends of Richmond Park Retrieved 19 July 2022 Pollard and Crompton p 12 Christine Fleming 7 June 2012 Tercentenary gates unveiled at Richmond Park Richmond and Twickenham Times Retrieved 3 October 2012 Ben Webster 5 December 2016 St Paul s admirers take dim view of tower The Times Retrieved 5 December 2016 St Paul s view safeguarded Friends of Richmond Park November 2017 Retrieved 27 December 2023 Pollard and Crompton p 32 Isabella Plantation Richmond Park The Royal Parks Retrieved 7 February 2015 Rabbitts 2014 p 120 McDowall p 131 a b c d McDowall p 122 Sir David Attenborough plants a tree for a new woodland in Richmond Park to honour the Late Queen Elizabeth II Friends of Richmond Park 20 March 2023 Retrieved 2 April 2023 Richmond Poet s Seat Richard Farrington Sculptor Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 28 February 2015 a b c d Monuments in Richmond Park The Royal Parks Archived from the original on 11 May 2012 Retrieved 7 February 2015 New Poet s Corner Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter 6 Autumn 2014 Jo Scrivener 2011 Gardens inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 73 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 Reasons to be Cheerful Sonic vista bench Mil Stricevic Archived from the original on 3 February 2015 Retrieved 2 February 2015 The Blockheads star Ian Dury s musical memorial repeatedly vandalised in London s Richmond Park Daily Mirror London 26 February 2010 Retrieved 7 October 2012 The Reasons to Be Cheerful Sonic Vista Bench Ian Dury Retrieved 1 January 2024 Deer in Richmond Park The Royal Parks Retrieved 7 February 2015 Rachel Bishop 5 November 2012 Richmond Park deer cull begins Wandsworth Guardian London Retrieved 27 December 2023 Calum Rutter 29 January 2019 Deer killed in two Richmond parks net more than 250 000 from luxury game dealer in past five years Richmond and Twickenham Times Retrieved 29 January 2019 Richmond Park under the spotlight after FOI reveals profits made after deer culling Richmond and Twickenham Times 2 August 2017 Retrieved 4 September 2018 Michael McCarthy 20 December 2010 Parakeets cause problems for British wildlife The Independent Retrieved 3 February 2015 Nigel Reeve 2011 Ecology inGuide to Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park p 16 ISBN 978 0 9567469 0 0 a b c Michael Davison Water in the Park PDF Friends of Richmond Park Archived from the original PDF on 7 February 2015 Retrieved 7 February 2015 Stephen Inwood 2008 Historic London An Explorer s Companion Pan Macmillan p 382 ISBN 978 0 230 70598 2 John Field 1980 Place names of Greater London Batsford pp 30 166 ISBN 978 0 7134 2538 3 Horace T Martin 1892 Castorologia Or The History and Traditions of the Canadian Beaver Nature W Drysdale 47 1210 26 Bibcode 1893Natur 47 224 doi 10 1038 047224a0 hdl 2027 hvd 32044107351124 ISBN 978 0 665 07939 9 S2CID 4010227 McDowall pp 131 132 Work starts on more ponds Friends of Richmond Park 27 September 2012 Retrieved 1 January 2024 Michael Davison Autumn 2014 A new pond for the park Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter 8 Sir David opens Attenborough Pond in Richmond Park and launches conservation appeal for Beverley Brook Richmond Park News The Royal Parks 16 July 2014 Retrieved 21 June 2023 Daniel Paul Hearsum Memory Giving Retrieved 10 May 2021 Charity overview The Hearsum Collection Charity Commission for England and Wales Retrieved 29 June 2023 History Richmond Park History Pembroke Lodge Retrieved 19 February 2022 a b History Volunteers welcome new paintings of Richmond Park FRP blog Friends of Richmond Park 19 May 2013 Archived from the original on 3 November 2014 Retrieved 29 June 2023 a b c The Heritage Pavilion Video YouTube 11 November 2004 Retrieved 3 February 2015 Welcome to The Hearsum Collection The Hearsum Collection Retrieved 21 June 2023 Conserving Our Parks Heritage The Royal Parks Guild Retrieved 3 November 2014 Robert Wood Autumn 2014 Consultation on new heritage centre Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter 13 Fionnuala Fallon 1 April 2017 Park yourself in Dublin s finest garden The Irish Times Retrieved 15 July 2023 Parks Our Shared Heritage London The Mall Galleries July 2017 Retrieved 22 September 2017 Richard H Rees 1972 George MacDonald New York Twayne Publishers Inc p 153 George MacDonald Chapter 22 Richmond Park The Marquis of Lossie Retrieved 29 January 2013 Georgette Heyer 1957 Sylvester or the Wicked Uncle London William Heinemann pp 193 and 197 Chris Cleave 2008 The Other Hand American title Little Bee London Hodder amp Stoughton paperback pp 300 333 Poems in Richmond Park Richmond Guardian 26 November 2011 Retrieved 18 October 2023 Alison Flood 17 February 2009 Bespoke short stories commissioned for London s royal parks The Guardian Retrieved 29 January 2019 The Running of the Deer Richmond Park Park Stories Bk 7 Paperback Retrieved 10 May 2021 Anthony Horowitz 2014 Moriarty Orion ISBN 978 1409109471 William Henry Hudson 1922 A Hind in Richmond Park J M Dent and Sons Ltd Retrieved 23 August 2018 The Carlile Family with Sir Justinian Isham in Richmond Park by Joan Carlile Art UK Retrieved 27 December 2023 John Lewis Brewer of Richmond Surrey by T Stewart Art UK Retrieved 30 September 2023 Sir Robert Walpole 1676 1745 1st Earl of Orford KG as Ranger of Richmond Park after Jonathan Richardson the Elder by Joseph Allen Art UK Retrieved 16 July 2016 Sir Robert Walpole 1st Earl of Orford as a Ranger of Richmond Park by Jonathan Richardson the elder and John Wootton Art UK Retrieved 15 July 2023 Richmond Park Thomas Rowlandson 1756 1827 British Yale Center for British Art Retrieved 3 February 2015 Mary Pollard 19 April 2013 History Volunteers welcome new paintings of Richmond Park FRP blog Friends of Richmond Park Retrieved 15 July 2013 Landscape View in Richmond Park Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 William Bennett In Richmond Park 1852 Tate Retrieved 4 January 2022 In Richmond Park York Museums Trust Retrieved 28 February 2015 In Richmond Park by Henry Moore Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 Landscape with Deer Richmond Park Art UK Retrieved 27 December 2023 White Lodge Richmond Park by John William Buxton Knight Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 View of Richmond Park a Fountain on the Left emuseum aberdeencity gov uk Retrieved 19 February 2022 View in Richmond Park A Small Bridge to the Right emuseum aberdeencity gov uk Retrieved 19 February 2022 Richmond Park by Arthur George Bell Art UK Retrieved 16 July 2016 Carfax Gallery Artist Biographies British and Irish Artists of the 20th Century Retrieved 17 October 2012 a b Spencer Gore Richmond Park c 1914 Tate Gallery Retrieved 16 October 2012 Richmond Park by Spencer Gore Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 Helena Bonett September 2009 Spencer Gore 1878 1914 Tate Gallery ISBN 9781849763851 Retrieved 7 February 2015 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Robert Upstone May 2009 Spencer Gore Richmond Park c 1914 The Camden Town Group in Context Tate Gallery Archived from the original on 7 February 2015 Retrieved 7 February 2015 Wood in Richmond Park by Spencer Gore Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 Autumn Richmond Park by Alfred James Munnings Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 Anna Wu Summer 2012 The silent traveller Chiang Yee in Britain 1933 55 V amp A Online Journal 4 ISSN 2043 667X Trees Richmond Park Surrey by Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 Richmond Park No 2 unsigned by Laura Knight Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 In Richmond Park by James Andrew Wykeham Simons Art UK Retrieved 27 December 2023 Kenneth Armitage artist biography Tate Gallery Retrieved 17 October 2012 Kenneth Armitage Richmond Park Tall Figure with Jerky Arms Government Art Collection Retrieved 24 October 2018 Kenneth Armitage Richmond Park Two Trees with White Trunks Government Art Collection Retrieved 24 October 2018 Kenneth Armitage Richmond Park Five Trees Grey Sky Government Art Collection Retrieved 24 October 2018 Kenneth Armitage Richmond Oak Government Art Collection Retrieved 3 January 2018 Richmond Park Morning London Art UK Retrieved 21 July 2016 Richmond Park London panel 2 of 5 by Yvonne Fletcher Art UK Retrieved 27 December 2023 Richmond Park by Charles Sharland 1911 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 27 December 2023 Richmond Park for pleasure and fresh air by unknown artist 1908 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond Park by unknown artist 1910 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond by Underground by Alfred France 1910 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond Park by Arthur G Bell 1913 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond Park humours no 10 by Tony Sarg 1913 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond Park by tram by Charles Sharland 1913 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond Park by Harold L Oakley 1914 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Natural history of London no 3 herons at Richmond Park by Edwin Noble 1916 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Richmond Park by Emilio Camilio Leopoldo Tafani 1920 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Poster Rambles in Richmond Park by Freda Lingstrom 1924 Posters London Transport Museum Retrieved 1 June 2022 Richmond Park by Charles Paine 1925 Poster London Transport Museum Retrieved 7 February 2015 Poster Richmond Park by Laura Knight 1938 Posters London Transport Museum Retrieved 1 June 2022 a b c d Sue Barber Phillippa Heath 2009 Valerie Boyes ed Richmond on Screen Feature Films Shot in the Borough Museum of Richmond p 27 a b Richmond Park in film Richmond Park The Royal Parks Retrieved 8 December 2022 Ross Lydall 3 February 2005 Billy Elliot v the badgers Evening Standard London Retrieved 18 October 2013 Richmond Park transformed into gypsy camp as Sherlock Holmes sequel starring Robert Downey Jr as Sherlock and Jude Law as Dr Watson is filmed Richmond and Twickenham Times 18 October 2010 Retrieved 25 September 2013 Alice Vincent 27 September 2013 Meryl Streep in Into The Woods first look The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 13 February 2014 Meryl Streep Oscar Isaac Sundance festival National Trust film locations The Film Programme BBC Radio 4 Retrieved 13 February 2014 Streep praises magical park Richmond and Twickenham Times 7 February 2014 Geoffrey Macnab 27 June 2018 Patrick review Makes Pudsey seem like the Citizen Canine of dog movies The Independent Retrieved 3 April 2019 Patrick out in cinemas on Friday Richmond and Twickenham Times 28 June 2018 Retrieved 3 April 2019 Robert Dex 26 April 2017 Sir David Attenborough urges Richmond Park visitors to tread lightly and protect wildlife in new film Evening Standard Retrieved 3 June 2018 Calum Rutter 25 May 2018 Sir David Attenborough s Richmond Park film wins national charity film award Richmond amp Twickenham Times Retrieved 3 June 2018 Schloss Richmond Richmond Palace Stadt Braunschweig Retrieved 12 May 2023 a b Peter Bessin 2001 Der Regent als Architekt Schloss Richmond und die Lustschlossbauten Braunschweig Wolfenbuttels zwischen 1680 und 1780 als Paradigma furstlicher Selbstdarstellung Gottingen Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht ISBN 978 3 525 47904 9 Sources editMichael Baxter Brown 1985 Richmond Park The History of a Royal Deer Park London Robert Hale ISBN 978 0709021636 LCCN 85177278 OL 2613329M John Cloake 1996 The Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew 2 Richmond Lodge and the Kew Palaces Phillimore amp Co Ltd ISBN 978 1860770234 OCLC 36045530 OL 8627654M David McDowall 1996 Richmond Park The Walker s Historical Guide David McDowall ISBN 978 0952784708 OCLC 36123245 OL 8477606M Mary Pollard Ron Crompton 2011 The First 50 Years a history of the Friends of Richmond Park PDF Friends of Richmond Park Rabbitts Paul A 2014 Richmond Park From Medieval Pasture to Royal Park Stroud Gloucestershire Amberley Publishing ISBN 978 1445618562 Further reading editJohn Bartram with John Karter 2017 Park Life The Memoirs of a Royal Parks Gamekeeper London John Blake Publishing ISBN 9781786062796 John McM Moore 2024 Historical water sources in and around Richmond Park Richmond History Journal of the Richmond Local History Society 44 29 37 ISSN 0263 0958 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richmond Park Official website Royal Parks visitor information on Richmond Park Royal Parks map of Richmond Park The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997 Statutory Instrument 1997 No 1639 HMSO Friends of Richmond Park Richmond Park National Nature Reserve film presented by Sir David Attenborough Friends of Richmond Park 2 September 2018 The Heritage Pavilion 2014 video The Hearsum Collection Max Lankester 4 December 2015 What s in a Name Features of Richmond Park Friends of Richmond Park51 27 N 0 16 W 51 450 N 0 267 W 51 450 0 267 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Richmond Park amp oldid 1195818285, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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