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Qinghai–Tibet railway

January 08, 2023

"Qingzang" redirects here. For the plateau as a geographical entity, see Tibetan Plateau.

The Qinghai–Tibet railway or Qingzang railway (Standard Tibetan: མཚོ་བོད་ལྕགས་ལམ།, mtsho bod lcags lam; simplified Chinese: 青藏铁路; traditional Chinese: 青藏鐵路; pinyin: Qīngzàng Tiělù), is a high-elevation railway that connects Xining, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of China.

Qinghai–Tibet railway
མཚོ་བོད་ལྕགས་ལམ།
青藏铁路
A train pulled by a pair of NJ2 locomotives travels on the Qingzang railway in 2008
Overview
StatusOperational
Locale People's Republic of China
Termini
Service
TypeHeavy rail
System China Railway
Operator(s)China Railway Qingzang Group
History
Opened1984 (Xining–Nanshankou)
2006 (Nanshankou–Lhasa)
Technical
Line length1,956 km (1,215 mi)
Number of tracks1 (Single-track railway)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Operating speed160km/h (Xining–Golmud)
100km/h (Golmud–Lhasa)
This article contains Tibetan script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Tibetan characters.
Map of the Qinghai–Tibet railway

The length of the railway is 1,956 km (1,215 mi). Construction of the 815 km (506 mi) section between Xining and Golmud was completed by 1984. The 1,142 km (710 mi) section between Golmud and Lhasa was inaugurated on 1 July 2006, by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao: the first two passenger trains were "Qing 1" (Q1) from Golmud to Lhasa, and "Zang 2" (J2) from Lhasa to Beijing.[1] This railway is the first that connects the Tibet Autonomous Region to any other provinces. Tibet, due to its elevation and terrain, is the last provincial level region in China to have a railway. Testing of the line and equipment started on 1 May 2006.[2] Passenger trains run from Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining, and Lanzhou and can carry between 800 and 1,000 passengers during peak season.[3][4]

The line includes the Tanggula Pass, which, at 5,072 m (16,640 ft) above sea level, is the world's highest point on a railway. Tanggula railway station at 5,068 m (16,627 ft) 33°00′18.50″N 91°38′57.70″E / 33.0051389°N 91.6493611°E / 33.0051389; 91.6493611 is the world's highest railway station. The 1,338 m (4,390 ft) Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world at 4,905 m (16,093 ft) above sea level. The 4,010 m (13,160 ft) New Guanjiao Tunnel is the longest tunnel between Xining and Golmud, and the 3,345 m (10,974 ft) Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel between Golmud and Lhasa. More than 960 km (600 mi), over 80% of the Golmud–Lhasa section, is at an elevation of more than 4,000 m (13,123 ft). There are 675 bridges, totalling 159.88 km (99.34 mi); about 550 km (340 mi) of track is laid on permafrost.

Stations

Within the Golmud to Lhasa section of the line there are 45 stations, 38 of which are unstaffed and monitored by the control center in Xining. Thirteen more stations are planned.[5]

Trains and tickets

 
Line Z21/Z22 serves between Beijing West railway station and Lhasa railway station

The trains are specially built for high-elevation environments. The diesel locomotives for cargo were built by CSR Qishuyan (DF8B-9000 Series) and by CNR Erqi Locomotive (DF7G-8000 Series), and the locomotives for passenger transportation were built by GE in Pennsylvania (NJ2), and the passenger carriages are Chinese-made 25T carriages: on train Z21/Z22, between Beijing West and Lhasa, Bombardier Sifang Transportation (BSP) made carriages on the Golmud-Lhasa section in deep green/yellow or deep red/yellow. Signs in the carriages are in Tibetan, Chinese, and English. The operational speed is 120 km/h (75 mph) and 100 km/h (62 mph) over sections laid on permafrost.

The railway from Golmud to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005, and it opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006.[6]

The locomotives are turbocharged to combat the power-reducing effect of having to run on about half an atmosphere of air due to extreme altitude.

At the beginning, only three trains ran: Beijing–Lhasa (every day), Chengdu/Chongqing–Lhasa (every other day), and Lanzhou/Xining–Lhasa. Shanghai/Guangzhou–Lhasa services were added in October 2006. In July 2010, the Shanghai–Lhasa service became daily, and a daily service between Xining and Lhasa was added, but the service was then suspended for the winter season.

Since October 2006, five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, and one more pair between Xining and Golmud. The line has a capacity of eight pairs of passenger trains.

Oxygen supply and medical issues

The passenger carriages used on Lhasa trains are specially built and have an oxygen supply for each passenger. Every passenger train has a doctor.

A Passenger Health Registration Card is required to take the train between Golmud and Lhasa. The card can be obtained when purchasing the ticket. Passengers must read the health notice for high-elevation travel and sign the agreement on the card to take the train. On 28 August 2006, a 75-year-old Hong Kong man was reported to be the first passenger to die on the train, after he had suffered heart problems in Lhasa but insisted on travelling to Xining.[7]

Construction

 
Train running along the Qinghai Lake, between Xining and Golmud
 
Tanggula railway station, located at 5,068 m (16,627 ft), is the highest station in the world

The capital of the Qinghai Province, Xining, became connected with the rest of the country by rail in 1959, when the Lanqing Railway from Lanzhou was completed.[8]

The 815 km section of the future Qingzang Railway from Xining to Golmud, Qinghai opened to traffic in 1984. But the remaining 1,142 km (710 mi) section from Golmud to Lhasa could not be constructed until technical difficulties of building railroad tracks on permafrost were solved.[9] This section was formally started on 29 June 2001, finished on 12 October 2005, and signaling work and track testing took another eight months. It was completed in five years at a cost of $3.68 billion.[10]

Track-laying in Tibet was launched from both directions, towards Tanggula Mountain and Lhasa, from Amdo railway station on 22 June 2004. On 24 August 2005, track was laid at the railway's highest point, the Tanggula Pass, 5,072 m (16,640 feet) above sea level.[11]

There are 44 stations, among them Tanggula Mountain railway station, at 5,068 m (16,627 ft) the world's highest. Peru's Ticlio railway station at 4,829 m (15,843 ft) is the highest in the Americas (Cóndor station; at 4,786 m or 15,702 ft, on the Rio Mulatos-Potosí line, Bolivia, and La Galera station at 4,777 m or 15,673 ft, in Peru, being the next highest). The Qingzang Railway project involved more than 20,000 workers and over 6,000 pieces of industrial equipment, and is one of China's major accomplishments of the 21st century.

Bombardier Transportation built 361 high-altitude passenger carriages with special enriched-oxygen and UV-protection systems, delivered between December 2005 and May 2006. Fifty-three are luxury sleeper carriages for tourist services.[12]

The construction of the railway was part of the China Western Development strategy, an attempt to develop the western provinces of China, which are much less developed than eastern China. The railway will be extended to Zhangmu via Shigatse (日喀则) to the west, and Dali via Nyingchi (林芝) to the east. A further extension is planned to link Shigatse with Yadong near the China-India border[13] (Map[14]). The railway is considered one of the greatest feats in modern Chinese history by the government, and as a result, is often mentioned on regular TV programs. Chinese-Tibetan folk singer Han Hong has a song called Tianlu (Road to Heaven; 天路) praising the Qingzang Railway.

Completed extensions

Further information: Lhasa–Xigazê Railway and Lhasa–Nyingchi Railway

On 17 August 2008, a railway spokesman confirmed plans to add six more rail lines connecting to the Qinghai–Tibet railway, including from Lhasa to Nyingchi and from Lhasa to Shigatse, both in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Three lines will originate from Golmud in Qinghai province and run to Chengdu in Sichuan province, Dunhuang in Gansu province, and Korla of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The sixth will link Xining, the capital of Qinghai, with Zhangye in Gansu. The six lines are expected to be in operation before 2020.[15] Construction work of the Lhasa–Shigatse extension began on 26 September 2010;[16] it was opened in August 2014.[17]

The construction of Dunhuang–Golmud railway began in December 2012 and finished on 18 December 2019.[18] This new railway extends the existed Yinmaxia station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway 506 km (314 mi) to Dunhuang, Gansu,[19] establishing a direct connection between Xinjiang and Tibet.

Addition of capacity and electrification

 
A section of the railway between Nanshan and Erlang, in Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai

Given that the Sichuan-Tibet railway are expected to complete relatively later with less capacity, the Qinghai–Tibet railway is expected to add cargo capacity to fulfill the demand of material transportation. 13 stations along the Qinghai–Tibet railway have received extensions of sidings or passing loops, or these were built from scratch. This will allow the daily train received from Lhasa Railway station to expand from 6 to 12-14. An electrification feasibility study is also in progress.[20]

Connection to Nepal

Main article: China–Nepal Railway

In a meeting between Chinese and Nepalese officials on 25 April 2008, the Chinese delegation announced the intention to extend the Qingzang railway to Zhangmu (Nepali: Khasa) on the Nepalese border. Nepal had requested that the railway be extended to enable trade and tourism between the two nations. The section Lhasa-Shigatse opened in August 2014. In June 2018, China and Nepal signed a series of agreements including the construction of Shigatse-Kathmandu railway during Nepali prime minister Oli's visit to China. Construction is expected to be complete by 2024.[21]

Future Expansions

In 2010, a Chinese Ministry of Railways spokesman announced that it would be extending the Qinghai–Tibet Railway southward to Shigatse, but it has yet to confirm an extension to India, Bangladesh and other railway networks.[22]

The extension to the Shigatse region and Nyingchi has been confirmed by the relevant government departments in Tibet. The Qinghai–Tibet Railway will be connecting close to India. An official in charge of the Tibet Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission had pointed out: "Tibet Railway is completed, with Lhasa as the basis, will be built east of Lhasa to Nyingchi line from Lhasa to Shigatse west building line of the south building of the Qinghai-Tibet Shigatse to East Asia and other three Railway Line. These extensions will be opened to traffic within a decade. then, the three railway extension will form a large Y-shape, the length will be over two thousand kilometers".

There is no viable prospect of the railway being extended to India.

Engineering challenges

 
Spiral loop at Guanjiao, Qinghai

There are many technical difficulties for such a railway. About half of the second section was built on barely permanent permafrost. In the summer, the uppermost layer thaws, and the ground becomes muddy. The heat from the trains passing above is able to melt the permafrost even with a small change in temperature. The main engineering challenge, aside from oxygen shortages, is the weakness of the permafrost. For areas of permafrost that are not very fragile, an embankment of large rocks is sufficient. Meanwhile, in the most fragile areas, the rail bed must be elevated like a bridge. The engineers dealt with this problem in the areas of weakest permafrost by building elevated tracks with pile-driven foundations sunk deep into the ground.[23] Similar to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, portions of the track are also passively cooled with ammonia-based heat exchangers.

Due to climate change, temperatures in the Tibetan Plateau may be considered to increase by an estimated two to three degrees Celsius[citation needed]. This change is sufficient to melt the permafrost and thereby affect the integrity of the entire system. The effects of climate change have yet to be seen.

 
Kunlun Pass

The air in Tibet is much thinner, with oxygen partial pressure being 35% to 40% below that at sea level. Special passenger carriages are used, and several oxygen factories were built along the railway. Each seat in the train is equipped with an oxygen supply outlet for any possible emergency. The Chinese government claimed that no construction workers died during the construction due to altitude sickness related diseases.[24] The railway passes the Kunlun Mountains, an earthquake zone. The 7.8 Mw Kunlun earthquake struck in 2001 (but caused no fatalities). Dozens of earthquake monitors have been installed along the railway.

Impact

Economic

With limited industrial capacity in Tibet, the Tibetan economy heavily relies on industrial products from more developed parts of China. Transport of goods in and out of Tibet was mostly through the Qingzang Highway connecting Tibet to the adjacent Qinghai province, which was built in the early 1950s. The length and terrain have limited the capacity of the highway, with less than 1 million tons of goods transported each year. With the construction of the Qingzang railway, the cost of transportation of both passengers and goods should be greatly reduced, allowing for an increase in volume—the cost per tonne-kilometer will be reduced from 0.38 RMB to 0.12 RMB. It is projected that by 2010, 2.8 million tons will be carried to and from Tibet, with over 75% carried by the railway.[25] Before the railway, the purchasing power of 100 RMB in Lhasa was only commensurate with 54 RMB in coastal regions of China, mainly due to high transport costs. The railway could elevate living standards along the route.[26]

Social

As reported by Xinhua News, the Qingzang railway has promoted the inheritance of Tibetan culture and religion, as the opening of the railway has increased the number of worshippers from all over the country coming to Lhasa. It also advantages Tibetans with accessibility to the rest part of China for tertiary education, employment, and market for local industries.[27] Qiangba Puncog, former Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region People's Government, has appreciated the railway for introducing more tourism industries to the region with jobs for the local people.[28] Environmentalists and Tibetan independence activists protested against the construction of the railway. The Tibetan government-in-exile believes that the line and the further expansion of the rail network will contribute to further influx of Chinese people, the de-nationalization of Tibetans and the depletion of the region's natural resources.[29]

Environmental

 
Wetland by the railway, near the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains

The environmental impact of the new railway is an ongoing concern. The increase in passenger traffic will result in greater tourism and economic activity on the Tibetan Plateau, and the construction of the railway may also negatively impact the local environment. For example, interference on earth, vegetation, and surface water heat exchange, which may cause freeze-thaw erosion and melting of ice if not handled properly.[30] To reduce the interference, trash and excrement on the trains are collected into two sealed containers in each car, instead of disposing them on the tracks, and are taken out at large stations.[31] There are also concerns from the China Meteorological Administration that melting, due to global warming, of the permafrost in Tibet on which part of the railway is placed may threaten the railway within the 21st century.[32]

The effects of this railway on wild animals such as Tibetan antelope and plants are currently unknown. 33 wildlife crossing railway bridges were constructed specifically to allow continued animal migration.

Military

See also: Sino-Indian border dispute

Commentators have noted the potential military impact of this railway as permitting the People's Liberation Army more rapid troop mobilization to certain border areas in dispute with India.[33]

Rolling stock

 
Specially built plateau coaches at Beijing West railway station, arriving from Lhasa as Z22

Scenery along the railway

Since the opening of Qingzang Railway, scenery as viewed from the railway has become internationally famous:[35][36][37]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ The Official website of Yunnan province Report of inauguration. Retrieved 1 July 2006.
  2. ^ Shanglin, Luan, ed. (13 April 2006). . Xinhua. Archived from the original on 15 April 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2006.
  3. ^ "Shanghai strives for straight train to Lhasa". Access Tibet Tour. Retrieved 28 June 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ "The Train to Lhasa, Tibet - What You Can Expect on the Ride". 7 June 2017.
  5. ^ 连线青藏铁路总设计师：沿途尚预留13个车站_新闻中心_新浪网
  6. ^ "China rolls out railway", BBC News.
  7. ^ "HK man first fatality on Qinghai-Tibet train". South China Morning Post. 29 August 2006. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  8. ^ Goodman, David S. G. (June 2004). "Qinghai and the Emergence of the West: Nationalities, Communal Interaction and National Integration". The China Quarterly. 179 (178): 379–399. doi:10.1017/S0305741004000220. hdl:10453/6047. JSTOR 20192339. S2CID 55915069.
  9. ^ "开拓雪域高原的梦想之路——来自青藏铁路的蹲点报告" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 12 June 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  10. ^ The first train rumbles on highest railway // Xin Dingding (China Daily), Updated: 1 July 2006
  11. ^ Xinhua News Agency (24 August 2005). . Retrieved 25 August 2005.
  12. ^ Bombardier (25 February 2005). Bombardier "Awarded A Contract For High Altitude Passenger Rail Cars In Tibet". Retrieved 25 August 2005.
  13. ^ Extension plans. Retrieved 28 June 2006.
  14. ^ "Sun Bin: Qinghai Tibet railway videos"
  15. ^ "Qinghai-Tibet railway to get six new lines". China Daily. 17 August 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
  16. ^ . Xinhua News. 26 September 2010. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
  17. ^ "Tibet railway opens to Xigaze". Railway Gazette. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  18. ^ "敦格铁路今日全线通车". 西海都市报 (in Chinese). 18 December 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  19. ^ 格尔木至敦煌铁路开工. huochepiao.com. 20 October 2012.
  20. ^ "青藏铁路电气化改造进入可研阶段 - 西藏要闻 - 西藏在线". www.tibetol.cn (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  21. ^ Om Astha Rai (21 June 2018). "The great march". Nepali Times. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  22. ^ "World's highest railway Qinghai-Tibet Railway to be extended to Xigaze from Lhasa", Apple Travel
  23. ^ David Wolman, "Train to the Roof of the World", Wired, Vol. 14, No. 7 (July 2006).
  24. ^ "News on Chinese government website", (in Chinese). Quotation: The vice president of Qinghai Medical University, Dr Gerili, said "Because of proper preventions and treatments, among tens of thousands of workers from low altitude, no one died due to altitude sickness. You cannot deny that it's a miracle."
  25. ^  ==="Qingzang railway transported .73M passengers, boosts Tibet economy" 4 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, CN Radio, (In Chinese).
  26. ^ News – 青藏铁路使西藏100元不再等于54元[dead link]
  27. ^ "西藏自治区社会各界共同庆祝青藏铁路通车一周年" (in Chinese). 中央政府门户网站. 1 July 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  28. ^ (in Chinese). 中国新闻网. 29 June 2007. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  29. ^ "Protests as Tibet-China rail link opens – theguardian.com". TheGuardian.com. 30 June 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  30. ^ News – 修建青藏铁路　造福各族人民 5 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ . Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
  32. ^ China, Reuters (6 May 2009). "Global warming threatens Tibet railway: report". Reuters. Beijing. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  33. ^ Ramachandran, Sudha (6 December 2020). "Tibet Railway Network Speeding Up to the Indian Border". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  34. ^ 国产机车承担青藏铁路格拉线牵引任务，此前均由美国机车完成. China News Service. 2018-06-23.
  35. ^ The Good Views of Qingzang Railway from Golmud to Lhasa 27 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)
  36. ^ The Good Views of Qingzang Railway[permanent dead link]
  37. ^ Qingzang Railway (Hudong Encyclopedia) (in Chinese)

36. Xining to Lhasa Train schedule & price - Travel Tibet China

  • M.W.H., Railroad in the clouds, Trains March 2002
  • Forbes – The Tibet Train: Rocket To The Roof

Further reading

  • Brunn, Stanley D. (6 April 2011). Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects (Hardcover) (2011th ed.). New York: Springer. p. 2466. ISBN 978-9048199198.
  • Lu, Ming; Li, Charlie C. (19 June 2006). In-situ rock stress: measurement, interpretation and application: proceedings of the International Symposium on In-situ Rock Stress (Hardcover). Trondheim, Norway: Balkema; Taylor & Francis. p. 552. ISBN 0415401631. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  • Oberlander, Christian (2008). Die Quinghai-Tibet-Bahn und ihre Auswirkungen auf China und die tibetische Minderheit (Print) (in German). Studienarbeit, München: GRIN-Verl. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-638-92379-8.

External links

  World's highest railway links Tibet to rest of China at Wikinews   Media related to Qinghai-Tibet Railway at Wikimedia Commons

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Qinghai–Tibet railway.

January 08, 2023
qinghai, tibet, railway, qingzang, redirects, here, plateau, geographical, entity, tibetan, plateau, neutrality, this, article, disputed, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, remove, this, message, until, conditions, september, 2022, learn, when, r. Qingzang redirects here For the plateau as a geographical entity see Tibetan Plateau The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Qinghai Tibet railway news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Qinghai Tibet railway or Qingzang railway Standard Tibetan མཚ བ ད ལ གས ལམ mtsho bod lcags lam simplified Chinese 青藏铁路 traditional Chinese 青藏鐵路 pinyin Qingzang Tielu is a high elevation railway that connects Xining Qinghai Province to Lhasa Tibet Autonomous Region of China Qinghai Tibet railwayམཚ བ ད ལ གས ལམ 青藏铁路A train pulled by a pair of NJ2 locomotives travels on the Qingzang railway in 2008OverviewStatusOperationalLocale People s Republic of ChinaQinghai Tibet Autonomous RegionTerminiXining railway stationLhasa railway stationServiceTypeHeavy railSystemChina RailwayOperator s China Railway Qingzang GroupHistoryOpened1984 Xining Nanshankou 2006 Nanshankou Lhasa TechnicalLine length1 956 km 1 215 mi Number of tracks1 Single track railway Track gauge1 435 mm 4 ft 8 1 2 in standard gaugeOperating speed160km h Xining Golmud 100km h Golmud Lhasa This article contains Tibetan script Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Tibetan characters Map of the Qinghai Tibet railway The length of the railway is 1 956 km 1 215 mi Construction of the 815 km 506 mi section between Xining and Golmud was completed by 1984 The 1 142 km 710 mi section between Golmud and Lhasa was inaugurated on 1 July 2006 by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao the first two passenger trains were Qing 1 Q1 from Golmud to Lhasa and Zang 2 J2 from Lhasa to Beijing 1 This railway is the first that connects the Tibet Autonomous Region to any other provinces Tibet due to its elevation and terrain is the last provincial level region in China to have a railway Testing of the line and equipment started on 1 May 2006 2 Passenger trains run from Beijing Chengdu Chongqing Guangzhou Shanghai Xining and Lanzhou and can carry between 800 and 1 000 passengers during peak season 3 4 The line includes the Tanggula Pass which at 5 072 m 16 640 ft above sea level is the world s highest point on a railway Tanggula railway station at 5 068 m 16 627 ft 33 00 18 50 N 91 38 57 70 E 33 0051389 N 91 6493611 E 33 0051389 91 6493611 is the world s highest railway station The 1 338 m 4 390 ft Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world at 4 905 m 16 093 ft above sea level The 4 010 m 13 160 ft New Guanjiao Tunnel is the longest tunnel between Xining and Golmud and the 3 345 m 10 974 ft Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel between Golmud and Lhasa More than 960 km 600 mi over 80 of the Golmud Lhasa section is at an elevation of more than 4 000 m 13 123 ft There are 675 bridges totalling 159 88 km 99 34 mi about 550 km 340 mi of track is laid on permafrost Contents 1 Stations 2 Trains and tickets 2 1 Oxygen supply and medical issues 3 Construction 3 1 Completed extensions 3 2 Addition of capacity and electrification 3 3 Connection to Nepal 3 4 Future Expansions 4 Engineering challenges 5 Impact 5 1 Economic 5 2 Social 5 3 Environmental 5 4 Military 6 Rolling stock 7 Scenery along the railway 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksStations EditWithin the Golmud to Lhasa section of the line there are 45 stations 38 of which are unstaffed and monitored by the control center in Xining Thirteen more stations are planned 5 Golmud Nanshankou Ganlong Nachitai Xiaonanchuan Yuzhufeng Wangkun Budongquan Chumaerhe Wudaoliang Xiushuihe Jiangkedong Riaquchi Tuotuohe Tongtianhe Yanshiping Buqiangge Tanggula Zhajiazangbu Tuoju Amdo Cuonahu Diwuma Gangxiu Nagqu Tuoru Gulu Wumatang Damxung Daqiongguo Yangbajing Maxiang Lhasa west Lhasa Ordinary station Station with vista pointNote stations in gray are unstaffedNote this image is not to scale Existing stationsEnglish name Chinese name Distance from Xiningin km mi Coordinates AltitudeXiningLanzhou Qinghai railway 西宁西Xining Xiaoqiao 西宁小桥Xining West 西宁西 12 km 7 5 mi 36 39 28 N 101 41 14 E 36 65778 N 101 68736 E 36 65778 101 68736 2282 mShuangzhai 双寨 24 km 15 mi Zhamalong 扎麻隆 35 km 22 mi Shiyazhuang 石崖庄 48 km 30 mi Tongkor 湟源 58 km 36 mi 36 41 02 N 101 14 23 E 36 68384 N 101 23963 E 36 68384 101 23963 2650 mShenzhong 申中 67 km 42 mi Bayan 巴燕 77 km 48 mi Yuejiacun 岳家村 85 km 53 mi Haiyan 海晏 97 km 60 mi 36 52 01 N 100 59 37 E 36 86703 N 100 99359 E 36 86703 100 99359 3074 mHuangcaozhuang 黄草庄 108 km 67 mi Ketu 克土 122 km 76 mi Qinghai Lake 青海湖 133 km 83 mi Tol 托勒 147 km 91 mi Garze River 甘孜河 162 km 101 mi Hargai 哈尔盖 177 km 110 mi 37 10 59 N 100 24 57 E 37 18308 N 100 41576 E 37 18308 100 41576 3248 mGangcha 刚察 208 km 129 mi 37 14 38 N 100 05 54 E 37 24375 N 100 09843 E 37 24375 100 09843 3238 mHuangyu 黄玉 223 km 139 mi Niaodao 鸟岛Jirmeng 吉尔孟 251 km 156 mi Jianghe 江河 266 km 165 mi Tianpeng 天棚 290 km 180 mi Lumang 鹿芒 311 km 193 mi Tianjun 天峻 311 km 193 mi Nanshan 南山 330 km 210 mi Erlang 二郎 342 km 213 mi Chahannuo 察汗诺 364 km 226 mi Gaba 尕巴 397 km 247 mi Ulan 乌兰 407 km 253 mi 36 57 14 N 98 28 03 E 36 95397 N 98 46755 E 36 95397 98 46755 3017 mSaishike 赛什克 411 km 255 mi Keke 柯柯 426 km 265 mi 36 59 02 N 98 15 18 E 36 98391 N 98 25511 E 36 98391 98 25511 2966 mChaikai 柴凯 448 km 278 mi Taoli 陶力 474 km 295 mi Gahai 尕海 498 km 309 mi Delingha 德令哈 521 km 324 mi 37 18 51 N 97 22 59 E 37 314287 N 97 38301 E 37 314287 97 38301 2945 mDenong 德农 523 km 325 mi Gobi 戈碧 548 km 341 mi Lianhu 连湖 563 km 350 mi Quanshuiliang 泉水梁 583 km 362 mi Pingshuang 平爽 607 km 377 mi Hangya 航垭 639 km 397 mi YinmaxiaGolmud Dunhuang Railway 饮马峡 675 km 419 mi 37 19 26 N 95 52 20 E 37 32396 N 95 87227 E 37 32396 95 87227 3151 mXitieshan 锡铁山 699 km 434 mi 37 15 28 N 95 38 14 E 37 25768 N 95 63723 E 37 25768 95 63723 2996 mSongrugou 松如沟 711 km 442 mi Dabusun 达布逊 750 km 470 mi 36 55 9 N 95 21 49 E 36 91917 N 95 36361 E 36 91917 95 36361QarhanA private branch to Zannge Potash Co 察尔汗 764 km 475 mi 36 48 37 N 95 18 15 E 36 81032 N 95 30416 E 36 81032 95 30416 2687 mYushui River 鱼水河 797 km 495 mi Golmud East 格尔木东 808 km 502 mi 36 25 08 N 94 55 25 E 36 41889 N 94 92361 E 36 41889 94 92361Golmud 格尔木 830 km 520 mi 36 22 58 N 94 54 21 E 36 38278 N 94 90583 E 36 38278 94 90583 2829 mNanshankou 南山口 857 km 533 mi 36 11 34 N 94 46 46 E 36 19278 N 94 77944 E 36 19278 94 77944Ganlong 甘隆 881 km 547 mi 35 59 33 N 94 49 05 E 35 99250 N 94 81806 E 35 99250 94 81806Nachitai 纳赤台 914 km 568 mi 35 52 4 N 94 32 2 E 35 8733 N 94 5367 E 35 8733 94 5367Xiaonanchuan 小南川 937 km 582 mi 35 51 37 N 94 20 47 E 35 86028 N 94 34639 E 35 86028 94 34639Yuzhufeng 玉珠峰 955 km 593 mi 35 43 47 N 94 18 27 E 35 72972 N 94 30750 E 35 72972 94 30750Wangkun 望昆 973 km 605 mi 35 42 53 N 94 06 47 E 35 71472 N 94 11306 E 35 71472 94 11306Budongquan 不冻泉 1 010 km 630 mi 35 31 2 N 93 54 3 E 35 5200 N 93 9050 E 35 5200 93 9050Chumar River 楚玛尔河 1 056 km 656 mi 35 22 6 N 93 29 2 E 35 3767 N 93 4867 E 35 3767 93 4867Wudaoliang 五道梁 1 100 km 680 mi 35 11 41 N 93 04 43 E 35 19472 N 93 07861 E 35 19472 93 07861Xiushui River 秀水河 1 138 km 707 mi Jiangkedong 江克栋 1 174 km 729 mi Riachiqu 日阿尺曲 1 196 km 743 mi Wuli 乌丽 1 220 km 760 mi Tuotuo River 沱沱河 1 239 km 770 mi Kaixinling 开心岭 1 260 km 780 mi Tongtian River 通天河 1 281 km 796 mi Tanggang 塘岗 1 309 km 813 mi Yanshiping 雁石坪 1 334 km 829 mi Bumade 布玛德 1 356 km 843 mi Buqiangge 布强格 1 380 km 860 mi Tanggula North 唐古拉北 1 404 km 872 mi Tanggula 唐古拉 1 421 km 883 mi 32 53 5 N 91 55 6 E 32 88472 N 91 91833 E 32 88472 91 91833Tanggula South 唐古拉南 1 441 km 895 mi Za gyazangbo 扎加藏布 1 460 km 910 mi Tuoju 托居 1 499 km 931 mi Amdo 安多 1 524 km 947 mi 32 15 8 N 91 39 57 E 32 25222 N 91 66583 E 32 25222 91 66583Cuona Lake 措那湖 1 553 km 965 mi 32 02 04 N 91 32 04 E 32 0343465 N 91 5343443 E 32 0343465 91 5343443 4594 mLiantong River 联通河 1 574 km 978 mi Dongqen 底吾玛 1 593 km 990 mi Gacha 岗秀 1 632 km 1 014 mi Nagqu 那曲 1 650 km 1 030 mi 31 26 45 N 91 59 21 E 31 44583 N 91 98917 E 31 44583 91 98917 4513 mYuru 妥如 1 691 km 1 051 mi Sangshung 桑雄 1 713 km 1 064 mi Gulog 古露 1 735 km 1 078 mi Umathang 乌玛塘 1 775 km 1 103 mi Damxung 当雄 1 808 km 1 123 mi 30 27 6 N 91 04 8 E 30 4600 N 91 0800 E 30 4600 91 0800 4293 mDhachugo 达琼果 1 845 km 1 146 mi Yangbaling 羊八林 1 864 km 1 158 mi Yangpachen 羊八井 1 881 km 1 169 mi Angga 昂嘎 1 901 km 1 181 mi Maxiang 马乡 1 913 km 1 189 mi Gurong 古荣 1 930 km 1 200 mi Lhasa West 拉萨西 1 953 km 1 214 mi 29 38 38 N 90 58 00 E 29 64389 N 90 96667 E 29 64389 90 96667LhasaLhasa Xigaze railway Sichuan Tibet railway 拉萨 1 972 km 1 225 mi 29 37 30 N 91 04 07 E 29 62500 N 91 06861 E 29 62500 91 06861Trains and tickets Edit Line Z21 Z22 serves between Beijing West railway station and Lhasa railway station The trains are specially built for high elevation environments The diesel locomotives for cargo were built by CSR Qishuyan DF8B 9000 Series and by CNR Erqi Locomotive DF7G 8000 Series and the locomotives for passenger transportation were built by GE in Pennsylvania NJ2 and the passenger carriages are Chinese made 25T carriages on train Z21 Z22 between Beijing West and Lhasa Bombardier Sifang Transportation BSP made carriages on the Golmud Lhasa section in deep green yellow or deep red yellow Signs in the carriages are in Tibetan Chinese and English The operational speed is 120 km h 75 mph and 100 km h 62 mph over sections laid on permafrost Lhasa railway station The railway from Golmud to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005 and it opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006 6 The locomotives are turbocharged to combat the power reducing effect of having to run on about half an atmosphere of air due to extreme altitude At the beginning only three trains ran Beijing Lhasa every day Chengdu Chongqing Lhasa every other day and Lanzhou Xining Lhasa Shanghai Guangzhou Lhasa services were added in October 2006 In July 2010 the Shanghai Lhasa service became daily and a daily service between Xining and Lhasa was added but the service was then suspended for the winter season Since October 2006 five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa and one more pair between Xining and Golmud The line has a capacity of eight pairs of passenger trains Oxygen supply and medical issues Edit The passenger carriages used on Lhasa trains are specially built and have an oxygen supply for each passenger Every passenger train has a doctor A Passenger Health Registration Card is required to take the train between Golmud and Lhasa The card can be obtained when purchasing the ticket Passengers must read the health notice for high elevation travel and sign the agreement on the card to take the train On 28 August 2006 a 75 year old Hong Kong man was reported to be the first passenger to die on the train after he had suffered heart problems in Lhasa but insisted on travelling to Xining 7 Construction Edit Train running along the Qinghai Lake between Xining and Golmud Tanggula railway station located at 5 068 m 16 627 ft is the highest station in the world The capital of the Qinghai Province Xining became connected with the rest of the country by rail in 1959 when the Lanqing Railway from Lanzhou was completed 8 The 815 km section of the future Qingzang Railway from Xining to Golmud Qinghai opened to traffic in 1984 But the remaining 1 142 km 710 mi section from Golmud to Lhasa could not be constructed until technical difficulties of building railroad tracks on permafrost were solved 9 This section was formally started on 29 June 2001 finished on 12 October 2005 and signaling work and track testing took another eight months It was completed in five years at a cost of 3 68 billion 10 Track laying in Tibet was launched from both directions towards Tanggula Mountain and Lhasa from Amdo railway station on 22 June 2004 On 24 August 2005 track was laid at the railway s highest point the Tanggula Pass 5 072 m 16 640 feet above sea level 11 There are 44 stations among them Tanggula Mountain railway station at 5 068 m 16 627 ft the world s highest Peru s Ticlio railway station at 4 829 m 15 843 ft is the highest in the Americas Condor station at 4 786 m or 15 702 ft on the Rio Mulatos Potosi line Bolivia and La Galera station at 4 777 m or 15 673 ft in Peru being the next highest The Qingzang Railway project involved more than 20 000 workers and over 6 000 pieces of industrial equipment and is one of China s major accomplishments of the 21st century Bombardier Transportation built 361 high altitude passenger carriages with special enriched oxygen and UV protection systems delivered between December 2005 and May 2006 Fifty three are luxury sleeper carriages for tourist services 12 The construction of the railway was part of the China Western Development strategy an attempt to develop the western provinces of China which are much less developed than eastern China The railway will be extended to Zhangmu via Shigatse 日喀则 to the west and Dali via Nyingchi 林芝 to the east A further extension is planned to link Shigatse with Yadong near the China India border 13 Map 14 The railway is considered one of the greatest feats in modern Chinese history by the government and as a result is often mentioned on regular TV programs Chinese Tibetan folk singer Han Hong has a song called Tianlu Road to Heaven 天路 praising the Qingzang Railway Completed extensions Edit Further information Lhasa Xigaze Railway and Lhasa Nyingchi Railway On 17 August 2008 a railway spokesman confirmed plans to add six more rail lines connecting to the Qinghai Tibet railway including from Lhasa to Nyingchi and from Lhasa to Shigatse both in the Tibet Autonomous Region Three lines will originate from Golmud in Qinghai province and run to Chengdu in Sichuan province Dunhuang in Gansu province and Korla of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The sixth will link Xining the capital of Qinghai with Zhangye in Gansu The six lines are expected to be in operation before 2020 15 Construction work of the Lhasa Shigatse extension began on 26 September 2010 16 it was opened in August 2014 17 The construction of Dunhuang Golmud railway began in December 2012 and finished on 18 December 2019 18 This new railway extends the existed Yinmaxia station on the Qinghai Tibet Railway 506 km 314 mi to Dunhuang Gansu 19 establishing a direct connection between Xinjiang and Tibet Addition of capacity and electrification Edit A section of the railway between Nanshan and Erlang in Haixi Prefecture Qinghai Given that the Sichuan Tibet railway are expected to complete relatively later with less capacity the Qinghai Tibet railway is expected to add cargo capacity to fulfill the demand of material transportation 13 stations along the Qinghai Tibet railway have received extensions of sidings or passing loops or these were built from scratch This will allow the daily train received from Lhasa Railway station to expand from 6 to 12 14 An electrification feasibility study is also in progress 20 Connection to Nepal Edit Main article China Nepal Railway In a meeting between Chinese and Nepalese officials on 25 April 2008 the Chinese delegation announced the intention to extend the Qingzang railway to Zhangmu Nepali Khasa on the Nepalese border Nepal had requested that the railway be extended to enable trade and tourism between the two nations The section Lhasa Shigatse opened in August 2014 In June 2018 China and Nepal signed a series of agreements including the construction of Shigatse Kathmandu railway during Nepali prime minister Oli s visit to China Construction is expected to be complete by 2024 21 Future Expansions Edit This section s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message In 2010 a Chinese Ministry of Railways spokesman announced that it would be extending the Qinghai Tibet Railway southward to Shigatse but it has yet to confirm an extension to India Bangladesh and other railway networks 22 The extension to the Shigatse region and Nyingchi has been confirmed by the relevant government departments in Tibet The Qinghai Tibet Railway will be connecting close to India An official in charge of the Tibet Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission had pointed out Tibet Railway is completed with Lhasa as the basis will be built east of Lhasa to Nyingchi line from Lhasa to Shigatse west building line of the south building of the Qinghai Tibet Shigatse to East Asia and other three Railway Line These extensions will be opened to traffic within a decade then the three railway extension will form a large Y shape the length will be over two thousand kilometers There is no viable prospect of the railway being extended to India Engineering challenges EditThis section s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Spiral loop at Guanjiao Qinghai There are many technical difficulties for such a railway About half of the second section was built on barely permanent permafrost In the summer the uppermost layer thaws and the ground becomes muddy The heat from the trains passing above is able to melt the permafrost even with a small change in temperature The main engineering challenge aside from oxygen shortages is the weakness of the permafrost For areas of permafrost that are not very fragile an embankment of large rocks is sufficient Meanwhile in the most fragile areas the rail bed must be elevated like a bridge The engineers dealt with this problem in the areas of weakest permafrost by building elevated tracks with pile driven foundations sunk deep into the ground 23 Similar to the Trans Alaska Pipeline System portions of the track are also passively cooled with ammonia based heat exchangers Due to climate change temperatures in the Tibetan Plateau may be considered to increase by an estimated two to three degrees Celsius citation needed This change is sufficient to melt the permafrost and thereby affect the integrity of the entire system The effects of climate change have yet to be seen Kunlun Pass The air in Tibet is much thinner with oxygen partial pressure being 35 to 40 below that at sea level Special passenger carriages are used and several oxygen factories were built along the railway Each seat in the train is equipped with an oxygen supply outlet for any possible emergency The Chinese government claimed that no construction workers died during the construction due to altitude sickness related diseases 24 The railway passes the Kunlun Mountains an earthquake zone The 7 8 Mw Kunlun earthquake struck in 2001 but caused no fatalities Dozens of earthquake monitors have been installed along the railway Impact EditEconomic Edit With limited industrial capacity in Tibet the Tibetan economy heavily relies on industrial products from more developed parts of China Transport of goods in and out of Tibet was mostly through the Qingzang Highway connecting Tibet to the adjacent Qinghai province which was built in the early 1950s The length and terrain have limited the capacity of the highway with less than 1 million tons of goods transported each year With the construction of the Qingzang railway the cost of transportation of both passengers and goods should be greatly reduced allowing for an increase in volume the cost per tonne kilometer will be reduced from 0 38 RMB to 0 12 RMB It is projected that by 2010 2 8 million tons will be carried to and from Tibet with over 75 carried by the railway 25 Before the railway the purchasing power of 100 RMB in Lhasa was only commensurate with 54 RMB in coastal regions of China mainly due to high transport costs The railway could elevate living standards along the route 26 Social Edit As reported by Xinhua News the Qingzang railway has promoted the inheritance of Tibetan culture and religion as the opening of the railway has increased the number of worshippers from all over the country coming to Lhasa It also advantages Tibetans with accessibility to the rest part of China for tertiary education employment and market for local industries 27 Qiangba Puncog former Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region People s Government has appreciated the railway for introducing more tourism industries to the region with jobs for the local people 28 Environmentalists and Tibetan independence activists protested against the construction of the railway The Tibetan government in exile believes that the line and the further expansion of the rail network will contribute to further influx of Chinese people the de nationalization of Tibetans and the depletion of the region s natural resources 29 Environmental Edit Wetland by the railway near the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains The environmental impact of the new railway is an ongoing concern The increase in passenger traffic will result in greater tourism and economic activity on the Tibetan Plateau and the construction of the railway may also negatively impact the local environment For example interference on earth vegetation and surface water heat exchange which may cause freeze thaw erosion and melting of ice if not handled properly 30 To reduce the interference trash and excrement on the trains are collected into two sealed containers in each car instead of disposing them on the tracks and are taken out at large stations 31 There are also concerns from the China Meteorological Administration that melting due to global warming of the permafrost in Tibet on which part of the railway is placed may threaten the railway within the 21st century 32 The effects of this railway on wild animals such as Tibetan antelope and plants are currently unknown 33 wildlife crossing railway bridges were constructed specifically to allow continued animal migration Military Edit See also Sino Indian border dispute Commentators have noted the potential military impact of this railway as permitting the People s Liberation Army more rapid troop mobilization to certain border areas in dispute with India 33 Rolling stock Edit Specially built plateau coaches at Beijing West railway station arriving from Lhasa as Z22 361 Bombardier Sifang Power Qingdao Transportation Ltd Power Corporation of Canada China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation High Grade Coach 308 standard cars and 53 special tourist cars GE Transportation NJ2 locomotive 78 GE designation C38AChe locomotives were built CSR Qishuyan amp CSR Ziyang Locomotive Factory DF8B 9000 series and DF8BJ locomotive similar to the Bombardier Transportation GE Transportation Blue Tiger diesel electric locomotive production of DF8B 9000 series were suspended by former Chinese corrupted official Liu Zhijun in favor of GE and EMD locomotives CNR Erqi Locomotive DF7G 8000 series locomotive CRRC Dalian HXN3 locomotive 34 Scenery along the railway EditSince the opening of Qingzang Railway scenery as viewed from the railway has become internationally famous 35 36 37 Xining to Golmud Qinghai LakeGolmud to Lhasa Kunlun Pass the east part of Kunlun Mountains Hoh Xil Mountains to Bayan Har Mountains Yuzhu Peak and its Glacier Fenghuoshan Tunnel Kekexili Grassland Tuotuo River Bridge Tanggula railway station Tanggula Mountains Amdo Grassland Tsonag Lake Nagchu Grassland Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains Damxung Grassland Lhasa River BridgeGallery Edit Xining railway station Qinghai Lake Bridge over the Tongtian River Golmud railway station Tanggula railway station 5 068 meters above sea level Tanggula Mountains Bridge on permafrost horizon Tsonag Lake Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains Lhasa railway stationSee also Edit Railways portalList of highest railways Sichuan Tibet railwayReferences Edit The Official website of Yunnan province Report of inauguration Retrieved 1 July 2006 Shanglin Luan ed 13 April 2006 Tibet s 1st railway to start unmanned operation Xinhua Archived from the original on 15 April 2006 Retrieved 14 April 2006 Shanghai strives for straight train to Lhasa Access Tibet Tour Retrieved 28 June 2009 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help The Train to Lhasa Tibet What You Can Expect on the Ride 7 June 2017 连线青藏铁路总设计师 沿途尚预留13个车站 新闻中心 新浪网 China rolls out railway BBC News HK man first fatality on Qinghai Tibet train South China Morning Post 29 August 2006 Retrieved 14 July 2020 Goodman David S G June 2004 Qinghai and the Emergence of the West Nationalities Communal Interaction and National Integration The China Quarterly 179 178 379 399 doi 10 1017 S0305741004000220 hdl 10453 6047 JSTOR 20192339 S2CID 55915069 开拓雪域高原的梦想之路 来自青藏铁路的蹲点报告 in Chinese Xinhua News Agency 12 June 2019 Retrieved 6 February 2020 The first train rumbles on highest railway Xin Dingding China Daily Updated 1 July 2006 Xinhua News Agency 24 August 2005 New height of world s railway born in Tibet Retrieved 25 August 2005 Bombardier 25 February 2005 Bombardier Awarded A Contract For High Altitude Passenger Rail Cars In Tibet Retrieved 25 August 2005 Extension plans Retrieved 28 June 2006 Sun Bin Qinghai Tibet railway videos Qinghai Tibet railway to get six new lines China Daily 17 August 2008 Retrieved 17 August 2008 青藏铁路首条延伸线拉日铁路开工建设 社会频道 新华网 Xinhua News 26 September 2010 Archived from the original on 29 September 2010 Retrieved 26 September 2010 Tibet railway opens to Xigaze Railway Gazette 15 August 2014 Retrieved 16 August 2014 敦格铁路今日全线通车 西海都市报 in Chinese 18 December 2019 Retrieved 2 February 2020 格尔木至敦煌铁路开工 huochepiao com 20 October 2012 青藏铁路电气化改造进入可研阶段 西藏要闻 西藏在线 www tibetol cn in Simplified Chinese Retrieved 20 May 2019 Om Astha Rai 21 June 2018 The great march Nepali Times Retrieved 1 July 2018 World s highest railway Qinghai Tibet Railway to be extended to Xigaze from Lhasa Apple Travel David Wolman Train to the Roof of the World Wired Vol 14 No 7 July 2006 News on Chinese government website in Chinese Quotation The vice president of Qinghai Medical University Dr Gerili said Because of proper preventions and treatments among tens of thousands of workers from low altitude no one died due to altitude sickness You cannot deny that it s a miracle Qingzang railway transported 73M passengers boosts Tibet economy Archived 4 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine CN Radio In Chinese News 青藏铁路使西藏100元不再等于54元 dead link 西藏自治区社会各界共同庆祝青藏铁路通车一周年 in Chinese 中央政府门户网站 1 July 2007 Retrieved 31 January 2020 向巴平措 青藏铁路促西藏进入 铁路经济 时代 in Chinese 中国新闻网 29 June 2007 Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 12 June 2018 Protests as Tibet China rail link opens theguardian com TheGuardian com 30 June 2006 Retrieved 25 April 2022 News 修建青藏铁路 造福各族人民 Archived 5 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine News 旅客 三急 排泄物会熏臭青藏高原吗 Archived from the original on 23 November 2012 Retrieved 19 July 2008 China Reuters 6 May 2009 Global warming threatens Tibet railway report Reuters Beijing Retrieved 10 April 2010 Ramachandran Sudha 6 December 2020 Tibet Railway Network Speeding Up to the Indian Border Jamestown Foundation Retrieved 6 December 2020 国产机车承担青藏铁路格拉线牵引任务 此前均由美国机车完成 China News Service 2018 06 23 The Good Views of Qingzang Railway from Golmud to Lhasa Archived 27 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine in Japanese The Good Views of Qingzang Railway permanent dead link Qingzang Railway Hudong Encyclopedia in Chinese 36 Xining to Lhasa Train schedule amp price Travel Tibet ChinaM W H Railroad in the clouds Trains March 2002 Forbes The Tibet Train Rocket To The RoofFurther reading EditBrunn Stanley D 6 April 2011 Engineering Earth The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects Engineering Earth The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects Hardcover 2011th ed New York Springer p 2466 ISBN 978 9048199198 Lu Ming Li Charlie C 19 June 2006 In situ rock stress measurement interpretation and application proceedings of the International Symposium on In situ Rock Stress Hardcover Trondheim Norway Balkema Taylor amp Francis p 552 ISBN 0415401631 Retrieved 17 December 2014 Oberlander Christian 2008 Die Quinghai Tibet Bahn und ihre Auswirkungen auf China und die tibetische Minderheit Print in German Studienarbeit Munchen GRIN Verl p 40 ISBN 978 3 638 92379 8 External links Edit World s highest railway links Tibet to rest of China at Wikinews Media related to Qinghai Tibet Railway at Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Qinghai Tibet railway Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Qinghai Tibet railway amp oldid 1128826262, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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