Penny Wong
Penelope Ying-Yen Wong (born 5 November 1968) is an Australian politician who has been Minister for Foreign Affairs and Leader of the Government in the Senate in the Albanese Government since 2022. A member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), she has been a Senator for South Australia since 2002. Wong previously served as Minister for Climate Change and Minister for Finance and Deregulation during the governments of Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard from 2007 until 2013.
Penny Wong | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2021 | |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | |
| Assumed office 23 May 2022 | |
| Prime Minister | Anthony Albanese |
| Preceded by | Marise Payne |
| Leader of the Government in the Senate | |
| Assumed office 1 June 2022 | |
| Prime Minister | Anthony Albanese |
| Deputy | Don Farrell |
| Preceded by | Simon Birmingham |
| In office 27 June 2013 – 18 September 2013 | |
| Prime Minister | Kevin Rudd |
| Deputy | Jacinta Collins |
| Preceded by | Stephen Conroy |
| Succeeded by | Eric Abetz |
| Leader of the Opposition in the Senate | |
| In office 18 September 2013 – 23 May 2022 | |
| Deputy | Stephen Conroy Don Farrell Kristina Keneally |
| Leader | Bill Shorten Anthony Albanese |
| Preceded by | Eric Abetz |
| Succeeded by | Simon Birmingham |
| Minister for Finance and Deregulation | |
| In office 14 September 2010 – 18 September 2013 | |
| Prime Minister | Julia Gillard Kevin Rudd |
| Preceded by | Lindsay Tanner |
| Succeeded by | Mathias Cormann |
| Minister for Climate Change | |
| In office 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010 | |
| Prime Minister | Kevin Rudd Julia Gillard |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Greg Combet |
| Senator for South Australia | |
| Assumed office 1 July 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Chris Schacht |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Penelope Ying-Yen Wong 5 November 1968 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia |
| Citizenship |
|
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Domestic partner | Sophie Allouache |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | University of Adelaide (BA, LLB) University of South Australia (LPC) |
| Signature | |
| Website | pennywong |
Born in Malaysia to a Chinese Malaysian father and a British Australian mother, Wong was educated at Scotch College in Adelaide, before attending the University of Adelaide, graduating with Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees. Prior to beginning her political career, she worked as a lawyer and political advisor.[1] Wong entered politics by winning a Senate seat in the 2001 election.
Following Labor's victory in the 2007 election, she was appointed Minister for Climate Change, going on to lead for Australia at the landmark 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. Following the 2010 election, Wong was moved to become Minister for Finance and Deregulation, and in June 2013, she was elected by her colleagues to become Leader of the Government in the Senate. Following Labor's defeat in the 2013 election, Wong held several roles in the Shadow Cabinets of both Bill Shorten and Anthony Albanese, serving as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate throughout. Upon Labor's victory at the 2022 election, Wong was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs, and resumed her role as Leader of the Government in the Senate.
Wong has been described by her biographer as "principled, intellectual, private, restrained and sane".[2] In 2008, she became the first Asian-born member of an Australian Cabinet.[3] She was also the first female openly-LGBTI Australian federal parliamentarian, and was an instrumental figure in the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Australia in 2017, reversing her previous endorsement of Labor Party policy that had opposed it.[4][5][6][7][8]
Early life
Wong was born on 5 November 1968 in Kota Kinabalu, the capital of Sabah, which had become part of the Federation of Malaysia five years earlier.[9] Her parents were Jane (née Chapman), an English Australian whose forebears first reached South Australia on Cygnet in 1836,[10] and Francis Wong, a Malaysian Chinese man of Hakka[11] origin who lived in Sandakan during the Japanese occupation of British Borneo.[12][13][14][15][16] Penny Wong's parents had met in the early 1960s, when Francis Wong was studying architecture at the University of Adelaide under the Colombo Plan.[17][18] Wong grew up speaking dialects of Malay (Bahasa Melayu), Chinese (likely Hakka Chinese), and English.[19] At five years old, she began attending Kinabalu International School.[20] After her parents separated, she moved to Adelaide, South Australia, at the age of eight with her mother and younger brother.[21]
Education and student politics
After starting at Coromandel Valley Primary School, Wong gained a scholarship to Scotch College, Adelaide, where she studied chemistry, physics and mathematics. During her time at Scotch College, Wong toured New Caledonia as part of her French language studies, performed in school productions of plays such as Six Characters in Search of an Author, and co-captained the hockey team.[22] She was accepted into the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery at the University of Adelaide,[23] but after spending a year on exchange in Brazil,[24] found she had an aversion to blood. She then studied and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Jurisprudence and a Bachelor of Laws with Honours at the University of Adelaide, and completed a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice at the University of South Australia.[23][25][26]
Through her friendship with David Penberthy, who had also been on exchange in Latin America,[27] Wong joined the Socialist Workers Party-sponsored Committee in Solidarity with Central America and the Caribbean (CISCAC) while at university in 1987, but was not an active member.[28] Wong's connections with CISCAC brought her in contact with a broader group of left-wing activists who opposed the Hawke Labor government's planned changes to university fees. In a July 1988 election, Wong won a position on the board of the Adelaide University Union as part of the newly-formed Progressive Education Team.[29] One month later, while protesting outside a state Labor Party convention at the Adelaide Trades Hall, Wong had a conversation with Young Labor member Lois Boswell, who told her that "if you wanted to really make a difference, you had to be inside the room having that battle." Wong joined the Labor Party that day; she credits her decision to her conversation with Boswell, and the Liberal-National Coalition's new "One Australia" policy opposing multiculturalism and Asian immigration.[30]
Wong became involved with the leadership of the Adelaide University Labor Club,[31] and has been a delegate to the South Australian Labor Party State Convention every year since 1989 (with the exception of 1995).[32] She also worked part-time for the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), and won a position on the National Executive of the National Union of Students. A number of her contemporaries at university went on to become Australian politicians; former senator for South Australia, Natasha Stott Despoja, former Premier of South Australia Jay Weatherill[24] and Mark Butler, Labor MP for Port Adelaide, were contemporaries.[23][24][31]
Professional career
Wong graduated from the University of South Australia in 1992, and continued her association with the CFMEU as an industrial officer.[33] She was admitted to the South Australian Bar in 1993. During 1995 and 1996, Wong acted as an advisor to the CFMEU and to the newly elected New South Wales state government, specializing in the area of forest policy in the middle of the fierce 1990s environmental battles over logging in NSW.[34]
On returning to Adelaide, Wong began practising law, working as a solicitor at the firm Duncan and Hannon (1996–1999).[35] From 1999 to 2002, she worked as a legal officer with the Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union. During this time she also won a position on the ALP's state executive.[36]
During her legal career (1996–2002), Wong appeared as counsel in 11 published decisions of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, 15 published decisions of the South Australian Industrial Relations Court, 8 published decisions of the South Australian Industrial Relations Commission, 3 published decisions of the South Australian Workers Compensation Appeal Tribunal and 10 published decisions of the South Australian Workers Compensation Tribunal.[37]
Political career
Election to the Senate
Wong ran for pre-selection for the Senate in 2001, and was selected for the top position on the Labor Party's South Australian ticket. She was elected at the 2001 election, her term commencing on 1 July 2002. Wong is a member of Labor Left,[38] and is a member of EMILY's List Australia,[39] the support network for Labor women, and sat on a number of Senate committees, primarily those related to economics.[40]
In June 2005, Wong was appointed Shadow Minister for Employment and Workforce Participation,[41] and Shadow Minister for Corporate Governance and Responsibility. Following the reshuffle in December 2006, she became responsible for the portfolios of Public Administration and Accountability, Corporate Governance and Responsibility, and Workforce Participation.
First Rudd Government (2007–2013)
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| Traditional Chinese | 黃英賢 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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In December 2007, in the wake of the Labor Party victory in the 2007 election, Wong was appointed to the Cabinet of Australia in the first Rudd government as the Minister for Climate Change, the first person to hold this role in an Australian Cabinet.[26][42] She accompanied then Prime Minister Kevin Rudd to Bali for the international climate change talks. Wong led final negotiations as Chair of the United Nations Working Group in the closing days of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2007, shortly after her appointment as minister.[43]
Gillard and Second Rudd Governments (2010–2013)
Shortly after the commencement of the Gillard government in June 2010, Julia Gillard promoted Wong to succeed Lindsay Tanner as Minister for Finance and Deregulation.[44][45] At this time, Wong said she agreed with the Labor Party policy on marriage[46] because there was a, "cultural, religious and historical view of marriage being between a man and a woman".[47][48]
In February 2013, Wong was elected as the ALP's deputy Senate leader following the resignation of Chris Evans, thus becoming Deputy Leader of the Government in the Senate.[49] Wong retained the position of Minister for Finance after Kevin Rudd's successful leadership spill in June 2013. Following Stephen Conroy's resignation and the beginning of the second Rudd government, she also became the Leader of the Government in the Senate. She was the first woman to be elected as ALP Senate leader, and the first woman to serve as Leader of the Government in the Senate.[50] Wong held these roles until Labor's defeat at the 2013 federal election.[51]
Opposition (2013–2022)
Following Labor's defeat at the 2013 Australian federal election, Wong was elected Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, becoming the first woman to hold the position.[52] She was also appointed Labor's foreign affairs spokesperson. In this role, she helped negotiate Australia's interests in the Trans-Pacific Partnership which was ratified in late 2018.[53] In March 2019, Wong was named the 2018 McKinnon Political Leader of the Year.[54]
Following the 2019 Labor leadership contest, Wong retained her positions as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate and Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs in the new cabinet of Anthony Albanese.[55] At this point she was named part of Albanese's four-person ALP leadership team, along with Richard Marles and Kristina Keneally.
In March 2022, Wong was named Australia's most trusted politician in a study by Roy Morgan Research.[56]
Albanese Government (2022–present)
With Labor winning government in the 2022 Australian federal election, Wong became Minister for Foreign Affairs. She was sworn in on 23 May 2022, only two days after the election and before final results were known, in order to attend a pre-scheduled meeting of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue with newly elected Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.[57][58] Wong is the first Asian Australian and the first openly LGBTI person to hold the office of Australian Foreign Minister.[59][60] Within a few days of being sworn into office, Wong visited several Pacific countries to emphasise the new government's approach to climate change and relations with nations in the region, including Fiji (where she addressed the Pacific Islands Forum), Samoa, and Tonga.[61][62][63][64]
On 16 June, Wong visited New Zealand Foreign Minister Nanaia Mahuta to reaffirm bilateral relations and cooperation in the areas of climate change, indigenous, and Indo-Pacific issues. Wong also stated that her government would consider New Zealand's concerns about Australia's Section 501 deportation policy, which had strained relations between the two countries.[65][66]
Personal life
Wong is a practising Christian, attending Pilgrim Uniting Church in Adelaide.[24] She has said that, "I do not ever remember having the sense that I denied the existence of God."[67] Others in her wider family from Sabah are Buddhist.[68] She held Malaysian citizenship before renouncing it in 2001.[69]
Wong is a lesbian and came out publicly a month after she assumed her Senate seat in 2002.[70] In 2010, Wong was selected by readers of Samesame website as one of the 25 most influential lesbian Australians.[71]
Wong's domestic partner, Sophie Allouache, is a public servant and former University of Adelaide Students' Association president.[1] In December 2011, Allouache gave birth to their first child,[72] after announcing the IVF-assisted pregnancy using donor sperm in August 2011.[73] Allouache gave birth to their second daughter in 2015, at the Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital.[74]
See also
References
- ^ . Faculty of Law. Queensland University if Technology. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ Simons, Margaret (2019). Penny Wong: Passion and Principle. Australia: Black Inc. ISBN 9781760640859.
- ^ "Panellist: Penny Wong - Q&A - ABC TV". www.abc.net.au. from the original on 9 January 2014.
- ^ "Marriage equality movement 'unstoppable', Senator Penny Wong tells Melbourne rally". ABC News. 13 June 2015.
- ^ "Penny Wong on the 'yes' vote that gives her daughters the Australia she wants for them". 9News. 16 November 2017.
- ^ Farouque, Farah (10 June 2006). "Why, oh why can't I have a civil union?". The Age. Australia. from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
- ^ "Australia's Rudd sworn in as PM". BBC News. 3 December 2007. from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
- ^ "Brown "horrified" at Wong's anti-gay marriage stance". Sydney Morning Herald. 26 July 2010. from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 7.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 9.
- ^ "Passion and principle: Penny Wong is far from done". Crikey. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 18.
- ^ "Profile". Asian Currents. Asian Studies Association of Australia. August 2004. from the original on 1 October 2004. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
- ^ Grattan, Michelle (25 September 2007). "Labor voice inspired by the fight for ideas". The Age. Australia. from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
- ^ "lumen – Making their Mark". www.adelaide.edu.au. from the original on 25 May 2011.
- ^ "Penny Wong – Q&A". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 21.
- ^ "lumen – Australian experience builds global perspective". www.adelaide.edu.au. from the original on 3 October 2015.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 26.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 28.
- ^ "First Day: Penny Wong's journey from shy student to Senator". 27 January 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 40.
- ^ a b c "Kitchen Cabinet: Episode 3 Penny Wong". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 March 2012. from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Freakish powers of a formidable operator". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 December 2007. from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
- ^ . ALP.org.au. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Senator the Hon Penny Wong". Senators and Members of the Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 45.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 51.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 54-55.
- ^ Simons 2019, p. 58-60.
- ^ a b Gordon, Josh (5 July 2008). "Can Wong avert carbon-fuelled train wreck?". WAtoday. Australia. from the original on 8 June 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ^ . Australian Labor Party. Archived from the original on 13 February 2006.
- ^ "Penny Wong citation" (PDF). Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ Taylor, Lenore (23 May 2009). "Racism driving force for Penny Wong". The Australian. from the original on 29 March 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ "Penny Wong, as South Australian senator, sets firsts as Asian-born federal minister; openly gay parliamentarian". AdelaideAZ. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "Penny Wong". Q+A. 27 April 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "AustLII: 159 documents found for ("P Wong")". www.austlii.edu.au. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
- ^ "The 12 Labor figures who will do the heavy lifting in government". Australian Financial Review. 14 December 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ "Breakfast with Penny Wong". EMILY's List Australia. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "What we do". EMILY's List Australia. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "Penny Wong". Australia-Indonesia Centre. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "Garrett pays price for insulation debacle". ABC News. Australia. 26 February 2010. from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ Topsfield, Jewel (30 November 2007). "Garrett Stripped of Climate Change Role". The Age. Australia. from the original on 4 November 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
- ^ "The Gillard ministry". The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 September 2010. from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ Gillard, Julia MP (11 September 2010). (Press release). Archived from the original on 14 September 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ Dick, Tom (26 July 2010). "Married to the mob". Sydney Morning Herald. from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ Hayward, Andrea (26 July 2010). . Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ Abrahams, Scott (25 July 2010). "Penny Wong labelled a hypocrite". Star Observer.
- ^ Ministerial Representation & Senate Office Holders in the Senate 43rd Parliament • 25 March 2013 • The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia 1 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 8 September 2013
- ^ Senator The Hon Penny Wong 26 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, directory.gov.au, accessed 8 September 2013
- ^ White, Cassie (11 September 2010). "Gillard unveils major frontbench shake-up". ABC News. Australia. from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ "Tanya Plibersek elected deputy Labor leader, Penny Wong re-elected to lead Labor in Senate". ABC News. 14 October 2013. from the original on 31 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Karp, Paul (11 September 2018). "Labor drops opposition to Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Penny Wong and Jordon Steele-John celebrated for political leadership". 20 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Labor leader Anthony Albanese announces frontbench in wake of federal election 2019". 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Since March 2019 government trust & distrust have fluctuated but 2021 ended with soaring levels of distrust". Roy Morgan Research. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ "Anthony Albanese sworn in as prime minister, and makes Quad timing a virtue". 23 May 2022.
- ^ "'We have a plane to catch': Penny Wong becomes Australia's Foreign Affairs Minister". Women's Agenda. 23 May 2022.
- ^ "Proud to be Asian and gay! Meet Penny Wong, Australia's new foreign minister". Firstpost. 23 May 2022.
- ^ "Australia's New Foreign Minister: Out Lesbian Senator Penny Wong". 23 May 2022.
- ^ "New Foreign Minister Penny Wong makes pitch to Pacific nations during visit to Fiji". ABC News. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Wong, Penny (25 May 2022). "Visit to Fiji" (Media Release). Minister for Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Wong, Penny (1 June 2022). "Visit to Samoa and Tonga" (Media Release). Minister for Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Hurst, Daniel (1 June 2022). "Penny Wong ramps up Pacific lobbying effort as she flies out to Samoa and Tonga". The Guardian Australia. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Witton, Bridie (16 June 2022). "Australia's Foreign Minister Penny Wong talks up 'close' NZ relationship after talks with Nanaia Mahuta". Stuff. from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ Neilson, Michael (16 June 2022). "Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong says NZ has 'unique and powerful' voice in Pacific". The New Zealand Herald. from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ Williams, Roy (28 July 2018). "God Is Good For You by Greg Sheridan; Fountain of Public Prosperity". Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ Sheridan, Greg (23 July 2018). "In defence of Christianity". The Australian. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ Lewis, Rosie; Hutchinson, Samantha (21 August 2017). "Bill Shorten won't produce UK citizenship renunciation proof". The Australian. News Corp Australia. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 9 February 2016.
- ^ . Samesame. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
- ^ Murphy, Katharine (14 December 2011). "Wong's joyous vote for new parenthood". The Age. Australia. from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ Kenny, Mark (9 August 2011). "Baby joy for Finance Minister Penny Wong and partner Sophie Allouache". AdelaideNow. Australia. AAP. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ^ "Senator Penny Wong welcomes new baby girl into family". The Advertiser. News Limited. 7 April 2015. from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
External links
- Parliamentary Profile: Labor website
- Penny Wong at The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia
- Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator Penny Wong on TheyVoteForYou.org.au