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Panjshir Province

May 07, 2024

Panjshir (Dari: پنجشیر, literally "Five Lions," pronounced /pand͡ʒʃeːɾ/, also spelled as Panjsher) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country containing the Panjshir Valley. The province is divided into seven districts and contains 512 villages. As of 2021, the population of Panjshir province was about 173,000.

Panjshir
پنجشیر
Province
Clockwise: the Panjshir valley, the Panjshir River, the tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud, and a Panjshir wind farm
Map of Afghanistan with Panjshir highlighted
Coordinates: 35°25′39″N 69°44′06″E / 35.42750°N 69.73500°E / 35.42750; 69.73500
Country Afghanistan
CapitalBazarak
Government
 • GovernorMohammad Agha Hakim[1]
 • Deputy GovernorQari Asrar[2]
Area
 • Total3,771 km2 (1,456 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[3]
 • Total172,895
 • Density46/km2 (120/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time)
Postal code
15XX
ISO 3166 codeAF-PAN[4]
Main languagesDari

Panjshir became an independent province from neighboring Parwan Province in 2004. It is bordered by Baghlan and Takhar in the north, Badakhshan and Nuristan in the east, Laghman and Kapisa in the south, and Parwan in the west.

History edit

Further information: History of Afghanistan, Panjshir offensives (Soviet–Afghan War), and Panjshir conflict

The territory was ruled by the Khanate of Bukhara between the early 16th century and the mid-18th century. The Parwan region, including the later Panjshir, was conquered by Ahmad Shah Durrani, and officially accepted as a part of the Durrani Empire, by Murad Beg of Bukhara, after a treaty of friendship was signed in or about 1750.[citation needed] The rule of the Durranis was followed by that of the Barakzai dynasty. During the 19th century, the region became part of the Emirate of Afghanistan, but was largely unaffected by British incursions, such as the Anglo-Afghan wars. Like the rest of Afghanistan, Panjshir became part of the newly established Kingdom of Afghanistan in June 1926.

 
Afghanistan's first wind farm in Panjshir Province.

In July 1973, troops under the command of General Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrew the Afghan monarchy and established the Republic of Afghanistan. In this coup d'état, General Daoud seized power for himself, effectively proclaiming himself as the first President of Afghanistan. He began making claims over large swathes of Pashtun-dominant territory in Pakistan, causing great anxiety to the government of Pakistan. By 1975, the young Ahmad Shah Massoud and his followers initiated an uprising in Panjshir, but were forced to flee to Peshawar in Pakistan where they received support from Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto is said to have paved the way for the April 1978 Saur Revolution in Kabul by making General Daoud spread the Afghan Armed Forces to the countryside.[5]

Panjshir was attacked multiple times during the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War, against Ahmad Shah Massoud and his forces. The Panjshir region was in rebel control from August 17, 1979, after a regional uprising.[6] Aided by its mountainous terrain,[7] the region was well defended by mujahedeen commanders during the war against the PDPA government and the Soviet Union.

After the collapse of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in 1992, the area became part of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. By the late 1990s, Panjshir and neighboring Badakhshan province served as a staging ground for the Northern Alliance against the Taliban. On September 9, 2001, Defense Minister Massoud was assassinated by two al-Qaeda operatives.[8] Two days later the September 2001 attacks occurred in the United States and this led to the start of a major U.S.-led war in Afghanistan.

 
Construction of the Panjshir football stadium, 2011

Containing the Panjshir Valley, in April 2004 Panjshir District of Parwan Province was turned into a province under the Karzai administration. The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) established several bases in the province. In the meantime, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) also established bases, a US-led Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) began operating in Panjshir in the late 2000s.

Following the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021, anti-Taliban forces loyal to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan fled to the Panjshir Province.[9] They formed the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan and kept fighting the new Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in an ongoing conflict. The new resistance forces flew the old flag of the Northern Alliance.[10] The resistance has held the Panjshir Valley and captured districts in neighboring provinces.[11] By early September 2021, Taliban forces managed to push into Panjshir and capture several districts from the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan,[12] before gaining control of Bazarak on 6 September, pushing remaining resistance fighters into the mountains.[13][14][15] However, clashes still remain ongoing between the Taliban and resistance fighters in Panjshir Province.[16][17] A subsequent visit by Radio Télévision Suisse and Journeyman Pictures into Bazarak in October 2021 also revealed that despite claims of NRF inactivity by local Taliban officials, an armed confrontation between the NRF Taliban was in fact occurring in an undisclosed location in the mountains surrounding Bazarak, with resistance forces gaining the upper hand, thus confirming that the NRF remains still active near Bazarak and in Panjshir Province.[18] Although the NRF continues to carry out attacks, it does not control any territory in the province.[19]

Healthcare edit

Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 16% in 2005, to 17% in 2011.[20]

23% of births in 2011 were attended to by a skilled birth attendant.[20]

Education edit

Further information: Education in Afghanistan

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 33% in 2005 to 32% in 2011.[20] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) fell from 42% in 2005 to 40% in 2011.[20] Four Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) schools service the agriculturally-oriented Panjshir Province, including the Ahmad Shah Massoud TVET. The school was established with the help from the Hilfe Paderborn and German Foreign Office and as of 2014 had about 250 students and 22 staff members.[citation needed]

Demography edit

Further information: Demography of Afghanistan
 
Ethnolinguistic groups in Afghanistan

As of 2021, the total population of the province is about 173,000.[3]

According to the Institute for the Study of War, Tajiks form the majority of the population.[21] There is a Sunni Hazara minority in the province, who form the majority in Darah district.[22]

Persian is the dominant language in the province. All inhabitants are followers of Islam, and exclusively Sunni.

The proportion of residents living below the national poverty line was 19.1%.[23]

Population by districts edit

Districts of Panjshir Province
District Capital Population[3] Area
in km2 		Pop.
density 		Ethnicites and Number of villages
Anaba 20,328 186 109 Predominantly Tajik, few Ormuri. 31 villages.[24]
Bazarak Bazarak 21,257 394 54 100% Tajik. 29 villages.[25]
Darah 15,677 192 82 Predominantly Tajik, fewPashai. 134 villages.[26]
Khenj 45,172 689 66 100% Tajik. 154 villages.[27]
Paryan 16,740 1,428 12 100% Tajik. 67 villages.[28]
Rokha 25,908 113 230 Predominantly Tajik, few Pashai. 72 villages.[29]
Shotul 12,356 225 55 100% Tajik. 23 villages.[30]
Panjshir 169,926 3,772 45 99.6% Tajiks, 0.4% Pashayi, 0.1% Ormuri).[note 1]
  1. ^ Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.

Places of interest edit

  • The tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud, is located in Saricha, Bazarak, Panjshir.
  • The Football Stadium in Panjshir Valley, next to the Panjshir River.
  • Famous Mountains of Panjshir for Hiking Includes:Panjshir Mountains
  • Kuh-e Mir Samir 5 768 m (prom: 1 204 m)
  • Band-e Ghār 5 387 m (prom: 465 m)
  • Kōh-e Maldaygmay 5 340 m (prom: 690 m)
  • Mungashayr 5 222 m (prom: 254 m)
  • Kōh-e Wār 5 141 m (prom: 131 m)
  • Shāhāk 5 110 m (prom: 1 471 m)
  • Nāw-e Kalān 5 064 m (prom: 130 m)
  • Siyāh Khār Now 5 059 m (prom: 863 m)
  • Ghowch 5 012 m (prom: 129 m)
  • Kōtal-e Zard 4 996 m (prom: 260 m)

Notable people edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "UN Official Visits Panjshir Province & Meets Taliban's Governor". Afghanistan International. 17 November 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  2. ^ "د پنجشير ولايت اړمنو خلکو او داخلي بې ځايه شويو سره د مرستو او ستونزو د حل په موخه د کډوالو او راستنېدونکو چارو وزارت په مشرۍ يو ګډ پلاوي دی ولايت ته سفر وکړ | د مهاجرینو او راستنېدونکو چارو وزارت". morr.gov.af. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  4. ^ "AF - Afghanistan". ISO Online Browsing Platform. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  5. ^ Bowersox, Gary W. (2004). The Gem Hunter: The Adventures of an American in Afghanistan. United States: GeoVision, Inc. p. 100. ISBN 0-9747-3231-1. from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2010. To launch this plan, Bhutto recruited and trained a group of Afghans in the Bala-Hesar of Peshawar, in Pakistan's North-west Frontier Province. Among these young men were Massoud, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and other members of Jawanan-e Musulman. It served Massoud's interests, which were apparently opposition to the Soviets. Later, after Massoud and Hekmatyar had a terrible falling-out over Massoud's opposition to terrorist tactics and methods, Massoud overthrew from Jawanan-e Musulman. He joined Rabani's newly created Afghan political party, Jamiat-i-Islami, in exile in Pakistan.
  6. ^ Halim Tanwir, Dr. M. (February 2013). AFGHANISTAN: History, Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781479760909. from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  7. ^ "Operations". Northern Alliance: Fighting for a Free Afghanistan. Friends of the Northern Alliance. from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  8. ^ "The Spy Who Quit". PBS - Frontline. 17 January 2011. from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  9. ^ "The Panjshir Valley: what is the main bastion of resistance against the Taliban advance in Afghanistan". marketresearchtelecast.com. 16 August 2021. from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  10. ^ "'Northern Alliance' flag hoisted in Panjshir in first resistance against Taliban". Hindustan Times. 17 August 2021. from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  11. ^ "Anti-Taliban fighters take back three districts as resistance builds up in Panjshir Valley, but experts cast doubts". www.firstpost.com. 21 August 2021. from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  12. ^ Valley, Anthony Loyd. "Taliban on verge of crushing last stronghold of resistance in Panjshir Valley". The Times.
  13. ^ Robertson, Nic; Kohzad, Nilly; Lister, Tim; Regan, Helen (6 September 2021). "Taliban claims victory in Panjshir, but resistance forces say they still control strategic position in the valley". CNN. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  14. ^ Pannett, Rachel (6 September 2021). "Panjshir Valley, last resistance holdout in Afghanistan, falls to the Taliban". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  15. ^ Kazmin, Amy; Findlay, Stephanie; Bokhari, Farhan (6 September 2021). "Taliban says it has captured last Afghan region of resistance". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  16. ^ "Clashes between Taliban, resistance forces reported in Afghanistan's Panjshir Province". TASS. 6 October 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  17. ^ "Afghan security forces seize weapons from Panjshir province: State media". Business Standard. 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  18. ^ hazco.co.uk (25 October 2021). "Afghanistan: Resisting the Taliban". www.journeyman.tv. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  19. ^ Dawi, Akmal (20 December 2022). "Frustrated with the Taliban, US Officials Meet Anti-Taliban Figures". Voice of America. Retrieved 30 December 2022. The NRF has executed hit-and-run attacks against the Taliban in some parts of Afghanistan but has not been able to hold territory.
  20. ^ a b c d Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, "PANJSHIR PROVINCE". Archived from the original on 30 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  21. ^ "Panjshir Province". Understanding War. from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  22. ^ Dorronsoro, Gilles (2 March 2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51024-0.
  23. ^ Giustozzi, Antonio (August 2012). Decoding the New Taliban: Insights from the Afghan Field. Hurst. ISBN 9781849042260.
  24. ^ (PDF). www.mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
  25. ^ (PDF). www.mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  26. ^ (PDF). www.mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  27. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  28. ^ (PDF). www.mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  29. ^ (PDF). www.mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
  30. ^ (PDF). www.mrrd-nabdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2016.
  31. ^ "گفت و گو با فرزند احمدشاه مسعود؛ "عملیات ما برای ادبیات‌مان است"". 24 February 2014. from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Panjshir Province.

May 07, 2024
panjshir, province, panjshir, dari, پنجشیر, literally, five, lions, pronounced, pand, ʒʃeːɾ, also, spelled, panjsher, thirty, four, provinces, afghanistan, located, northeastern, part, country, containing, panjshir, valley, province, divided, into, seven, dist. Panjshir Dari پنجشیر literally Five Lions pronounced pand ʒʃeːɾ also spelled as Panjsher is one of the thirty four provinces of Afghanistan located in the northeastern part of the country containing the Panjshir Valley The province is divided into seven districts and contains 512 villages As of 2021 the population of Panjshir province was about 173 000 Panjshir پنجشیرProvinceClockwise the Panjshir valley the Panjshir River the tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud and a Panjshir wind farmMap of Afghanistan with Panjshir highlightedCoordinates 35 25 39 N 69 44 06 E 35 42750 N 69 73500 E 35 42750 69 73500Country AfghanistanCapitalBazarakGovernment GovernorMohammad Agha Hakim 1 Deputy GovernorQari Asrar 2 Area Total3 771 km2 1 456 sq mi Population 2021 3 Total172 895 Density46 km2 120 sq mi Time zoneUTC 4 30 Afghanistan Time Postal code15XXISO 3166 codeAF PAN 4 Main languagesDari Panjshir became an independent province from neighboring Parwan Province in 2004 It is bordered by Baghlan and Takhar in the north Badakhshan and Nuristan in the east Laghman and Kapisa in the south and Parwan in the west Contents 1 History 2 Healthcare 3 Education 4 Demography 4 1 Population by districts 5 Places of interest 6 Notable people 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory editFurther information History of Afghanistan Panjshir offensives Soviet Afghan War and Panjshir conflict The territory was ruled by the Khanate of Bukhara between the early 16th century and the mid 18th century The Parwan region including the later Panjshir was conquered by Ahmad Shah Durrani and officially accepted as a part of the Durrani Empire by Murad Beg of Bukhara after a treaty of friendship was signed in or about 1750 citation needed The rule of the Durranis was followed by that of the Barakzai dynasty During the 19th century the region became part of the Emirate of Afghanistan but was largely unaffected by British incursions such as the Anglo Afghan wars Like the rest of Afghanistan Panjshir became part of the newly established Kingdom of Afghanistan in June 1926 nbsp Afghanistan s first wind farm in Panjshir Province In July 1973 troops under the command of General Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrew the Afghan monarchy and established the Republic of Afghanistan In this coup d etat General Daoud seized power for himself effectively proclaiming himself as the first President of Afghanistan He began making claims over large swathes of Pashtun dominant territory in Pakistan causing great anxiety to the government of Pakistan By 1975 the young Ahmad Shah Massoud and his followers initiated an uprising in Panjshir but were forced to flee to Peshawar in Pakistan where they received support from Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Bhutto is said to have paved the way for the April 1978 Saur Revolution in Kabul by making General Daoud spread the Afghan Armed Forces to the countryside 5 Panjshir was attacked multiple times during the 1980s Soviet Afghan War against Ahmad Shah Massoud and his forces The Panjshir region was in rebel control from August 17 1979 after a regional uprising 6 Aided by its mountainous terrain 7 the region was well defended by mujahedeen commanders during the war against the PDPA government and the Soviet Union After the collapse of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in 1992 the area became part of the Islamic State of Afghanistan By the late 1990s Panjshir and neighboring Badakhshan province served as a staging ground for the Northern Alliance against the Taliban On September 9 2001 Defense Minister Massoud was assassinated by two al Qaeda operatives 8 Two days later the September 2001 attacks occurred in the United States and this led to the start of a major U S led war in Afghanistan nbsp Construction of the Panjshir football stadium 2011 Containing the Panjshir Valley in April 2004 Panjshir District of Parwan Province was turned into a province under the Karzai administration The Afghan National Security Forces ANSF established several bases in the province In the meantime the International Security Assistance Force ISAF also established bases a US led Provincial Reconstruction Team PRT began operating in Panjshir in the late 2000s Following the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021 anti Taliban forces loyal to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan fled to the Panjshir Province 9 They formed the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan and kept fighting the new Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in an ongoing conflict The new resistance forces flew the old flag of the Northern Alliance 10 The resistance has held the Panjshir Valley and captured districts in neighboring provinces 11 By early September 2021 Taliban forces managed to push into Panjshir and capture several districts from the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan 12 before gaining control of Bazarak on 6 September pushing remaining resistance fighters into the mountains 13 14 15 However clashes still remain ongoing between the Taliban and resistance fighters in Panjshir Province 16 17 A subsequent visit by Radio Television Suisse and Journeyman Pictures into Bazarak in October 2021 also revealed that despite claims of NRF inactivity by local Taliban officials an armed confrontation between the NRF Taliban was in fact occurring in an undisclosed location in the mountains surrounding Bazarak with resistance forces gaining the upper hand thus confirming that the NRF remains still active near Bazarak and in Panjshir Province 18 Although the NRF continues to carry out attacks it does not control any territory in the province 19 Healthcare editFurther information Health in Afghanistan The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 16 in 2005 to 17 in 2011 20 23 of births in 2011 were attended to by a skilled birth attendant 20 Education editFurther information Education in Afghanistan The overall literacy rate 6 years of age fell from 33 in 2005 to 32 in 2011 20 The overall net enrolment rate 6 13 years of age fell from 42 in 2005 to 40 in 2011 20 Four Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET schools service the agriculturally oriented Panjshir Province including the Ahmad Shah Massoud TVET The school was established with the help from the Hilfe Paderborn and German Foreign Office and as of 2014 had about 250 students and 22 staff members citation needed Demography editFurther information Demography of Afghanistan nbsp Ethnolinguistic groups in Afghanistan As of 2021 the total population of the province is about 173 000 3 According to the Institute for the Study of War Tajiks form the majority of the population 21 There is a Sunni Hazara minority in the province who form the majority in Darah district 22 Persian is the dominant language in the province All inhabitants are followers of Islam and exclusively Sunni The proportion of residents living below the national poverty line was 19 1 23 Population by districts edit Districts of Panjshir Province District Capital Population 3 Areain km2 Pop density Ethnicites and Number of villages Anaba 20 328 186 109 Predominantly Tajik few Ormuri 31 villages 24 Bazarak Bazarak 21 257 394 54 100 Tajik 29 villages 25 Darah 15 677 192 82 Predominantly Tajik fewPashai 134 villages 26 Khenj 45 172 689 66 100 Tajik 154 villages 27 Paryan 16 740 1 428 12 100 Tajik 67 villages 28 Rokha 25 908 113 230 Predominantly Tajik few Pashai 72 villages 29 Shotul 12 356 225 55 100 Tajik 23 villages 30 Panjshir 169 926 3 772 45 99 6 Tajiks 0 4 Pashayi 0 1 Ormuri note 1 Note Predominantely or dominated is interpreted as 99 majority as 70 mixed as 1 number of ethnicities minority as 30 and few or some as 1 Places of interest editThe tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud is located in Saricha Bazarak Panjshir The Football Stadium in Panjshir Valley next to the Panjshir River Famous Mountains of Panjshir for Hiking Includes Panjshir Mountains Kuh e Mir Samir 5 768 m prom 1 204 m Band e Ghar 5 387 m prom 465 m Kōh e Maldaygmay 5 340 m prom 690 m Mungashayr 5 222 m prom 254 m Kōh e War 5 141 m prom 131 m Shahak 5 110 m prom 1 471 m Naw e Kalan 5 064 m prom 130 m Siyah Khar Now 5 059 m prom 863 m Ghowch 5 012 m prom 129 m Kōtal e Zard 4 996 m prom 260 m Notable people editQahar Asi Afghan legendary poet Muhammad Qasim Fahim field marshal former Vice President of Afghanistan Keramuddin Keram former Governor of the province chief executive of Afghanistan football Mohammad Alam Izdyar First deputy house of elders Abdul Hafiz Mansoor First director of radio and television in Afghanistan Ahmad Shah Massoud Afghan national hero military leader and former defense minister known for leading armed resistances against Soviets and Taliban Ahmad Massoud son of Ahmad Shah Massoud He was appointed as the Massoud Foundation s CEO in November 2016 31 Ahmad Wali Massoud Afghan politician Ahmad Zia Massoud Afghan politician and former Vice President Dastagir Panjsheri former minister of education Yunus Qanuni Afghan politician former Vice President of Afghanistan Amrullah Saleh Afghan politician former Vice President of Afghanistan Haidari Wujodi Afghan Sufi poet and scholar Amrullah Saleh Afghan politician Hasib Qoway Markaz powerful military leader of National Resistance Front of Afghanistan Bismillah Khan Mohammadi Afghan politician and former defense minister Abdul Hamid Khorasani Taliban commander Nooruddin Azizi Acting Minister of Commerce and Industry since 21 September 2021See also editProvinces of Afghanistan Panjshir Valley Panjshir RiverReferences edit UN Official Visits Panjshir Province amp Meets Taliban s Governor Afghanistan International 17 November 2023 Retrieved 15 April 2024 د پنجشير ولايت اړمنو خلکو او داخلي بې ځايه شويو سره د مرستو او ستونزو د حل په موخه د کډوالو او راستنېدونکو چارو وزارت په مشرۍ يو ګډ پلاوي دی ولايت ته سفر وکړ د مهاجرینو او راستنېدونکو چارو وزارت morr gov af Retrieved 13 June 2023 a b c Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021 22 PDF National Statistic and Information Authority NSIA April 2021 Archived PDF from the original on 24 June 2021 Retrieved 21 June 2021 AF Afghanistan ISO Online Browsing Platform Retrieved 16 December 2021 Bowersox Gary W 2004 The Gem Hunter The Adventures of an American in Afghanistan United States GeoVision Inc p 100 ISBN 0 9747 3231 1 Archived from the original on 8 August 2021 Retrieved 22 August 2010 To launch this plan Bhutto recruited and trained a group of Afghans in the Bala Hesar of Peshawar in Pakistan s North west Frontier Province Among these young men were Massoud Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and other members of Jawanan e Musulman It served Massoud s interests which were apparently opposition to the Soviets Later after Massoud and Hekmatyar had a terrible falling out over Massoud s opposition to terrorist tactics and methods Massoud overthrew from Jawanan e Musulman He joined Rabani s newly created Afghan political party Jamiat i Islami in exile in Pakistan Halim Tanwir Dr M February 2013 AFGHANISTAN History Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1 Xlibris Corporation ISBN 9781479760909 Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 Retrieved 6 June 2020 Operations Northern Alliance Fighting for a Free Afghanistan Friends of the Northern Alliance Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 Retrieved 20 August 2021 The Spy Who Quit PBS Frontline 17 January 2011 Archived from the original on 4 November 2015 Retrieved 18 October 2014 The Panjshir Valley what is the main bastion of resistance against the Taliban advance in Afghanistan marketresearchtelecast com 16 August 2021 Archived from the original on 19 August 2021 Retrieved 19 August 2021 Northern Alliance flag hoisted in Panjshir in first resistance against Taliban Hindustan Times 17 August 2021 Archived from the original on 17 August 2021 Retrieved 19 August 2021 Anti Taliban fighters take back three districts as resistance builds up in Panjshir Valley but experts cast doubts www firstpost com 21 August 2021 Archived from the original on 21 August 2021 Retrieved 21 August 2021 Valley Anthony Loyd Taliban on verge of crushing last stronghold of resistance in Panjshir Valley The Times Robertson Nic Kohzad Nilly Lister Tim Regan Helen 6 September 2021 Taliban claims victory in Panjshir but resistance forces say they still control strategic position in the valley CNN Retrieved 6 September 2021 Pannett Rachel 6 September 2021 Panjshir Valley last resistance holdout in Afghanistan falls to the Taliban The Washington Post Retrieved 6 September 2021 Kazmin Amy Findlay Stephanie Bokhari Farhan 6 September 2021 Taliban says it has captured last Afghan region of resistance Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 6 September 2021 Clashes between Taliban resistance forces reported in Afghanistan s Panjshir Province TASS 6 October 2021 Retrieved 4 December 2021 Afghan security forces seize weapons from Panjshir province State media Business Standard 4 December 2021 Retrieved 4 December 2021 hazco co uk 25 October 2021 Afghanistan Resisting the Taliban www journeyman tv Retrieved 8 December 2021 Dawi Akmal 20 December 2022 Frustrated with the Taliban US Officials Meet Anti Taliban Figures Voice of America Retrieved 30 December 2022 The NRF has executed hit and run attacks against the Taliban in some parts of Afghanistan but has not been able to hold territory a b c d Archive Civil Military Fusion Centre PANJSHIR PROVINCE Archived from the original on 30 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Panjshir Province Understanding War Archived from the original on 25 September 2013 Retrieved 17 August 2013 Dorronsoro Gilles 2 March 2005 Revolution Unending Afghanistan 1979 to the Present Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 51024 0 Giustozzi Antonio August 2012 Decoding the New Taliban Insights from the Afghan Field Hurst ISBN 9781849042260 mrrd nabdp org PDF www mrrd nabdp org Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2016 mrrd nabdp org PDF www mrrd nabdp org Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 mrrd nabdp org PDF www mrrd nabdp org Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Khenj District Re elected PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 December 2017 Retrieved 31 October 2012 mrrd nabdp org PDF www mrrd nabdp org Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 mrrd nabdp org PDF www mrrd nabdp org Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2016 mrrd nabdp org PDF www mrrd nabdp org Archived from the original PDF on 24 January 2016 گفت و گو با فرزند احمدشاه مسعود عملیات ما برای ادبیات مان است 24 February 2014 Archived from the original on 15 August 2021 Retrieved 10 May 2021 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Panjshir Province Panjshir Province by the Naval Postgraduate School Panjshir Province by the Institute for the Study of War Panjshir Province Archives by Clarksville Online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Panjshir Province amp oldid 1222236277, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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