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Pączki

January 01, 1970

Pączki (Polish: [ˈpɔnt͡ʂkʲi] ⓘ; sg.: pączek, Polish: [ˈpɔnt͡ʂɛk]; Kashubian: pùrcle; Old Polish and Silesian: kreple) are filled doughnuts found in Polish cuisine.

Pączek
Glazed pączki
Alternative nameskreple, ponchik
TypeDoughnut
Place of originPoland
Region or state
Main ingredientsYeast-based dough, grain alcohol, confiture or other sweet filling, powdered sugar, icing, glaze, or bits of dried orange zest
  • Cookbook: Pączek
  •   Media: Pączek

Description edit

A pączek is a deep-fried piece of dough shaped into a flattened ball and filled with confiture or other sweet filling. Pączki are usually covered with powdered sugar, icing, glaze, or bits of dried orange zest. A small amount of grain alcohol (traditionally rectified spirit) is added to the dough before cooking; as it evaporates, it prevents the absorption of oil deep into the dough.[1] Pączki are commonly thought of as fluffy but somewhat collapsed, with a bright stripe around them; these features are seen as evidence that the dough was fried in fresh oil.[2][3]

Although they look like German berliners (bismarcks in North America) or jelly doughnuts, pączki are made from especially rich dough containing eggs, fats, sugar, yeast, and sometimes milk. They feature a variety of fruit and creme fillings and can be glazed, or covered with granulated or powdered sugar. Powidła (stewed plum jam) and wild rose petal jam[1][4] are traditional fillings, but many others are used as well, including strawberry, Bavarian cream, blueberry, custard, raspberry, and apple.[5]

Pączki have been known in Poland at least since the Middle Ages. Jędrzej Kitowicz wrote that during the reign of Augustus III, under the influence of French cooks who came to Poland, pączki dough was improved so that pączki became lighter, spongier, and more resilient.[citation needed]

  •  
    Pączki displayed for sale
  •  
    Traditional pączki serowe or oponki
  •  
    Home-made glazed pączki
  •  
    American-made pączki

Etymology, spelling, and pronunciation edit

The Polish word pączek [ˈpɔnt͡ʂɛk] (plural: pączki [ˈpɔnt͡ʂkʲi]) is a diminutive of the Polish word pąk [ˈpɔŋk] "bud".[6] The latter derives from Proto-Slavic *pǫkъ, which may have referred to anything that is round, bulging and about to burst (compare Proto-Slavic *pǫkti "to swell, burst"), possibly of ultimately onomatopoeic origin.[7][8] From Polish the word has been borrowed into several other Slavic languages, where the respective loanwords (ponchik,[a] ponchyk[b] or ponichka[c]) refer to a similar ball-shaped pastry.[9][10][11]

English speakers typically use the plural form of the Polish word in both singular and plural. They pronounce it as /ˈpʊntʃki, ˈpʊnʃ-, ˈpʌntʃ-, ˈpɒntʃ-/[d] and often write it as "paczki", i.e., without the ogonek (hook-shaped diacritic).[12][13][14][15] This should not be confused with the unrelated Polish word paczki [ˈpat͡ʂkʲi], which is the plural form of paczka [ˈpat͡ʂka], meaning "package" or "parcel".[16]

Pączki Day edit

Fat Thursday versus Fat Tuesday
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday   Fat Thursday
(Tłusty Czwartek) 		Friday Saturday
Sunday Monday   Fat Tuesday
(Pączki Day) 		Ash Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

In Poland, pączki are eaten especially on Fat Thursday (Tłusty Czwartek), the last Thursday prior to Ash Wednesday and the beginning of Lent.[17] The traditional reason for making pączki was to use up all the lard, sugar, eggs and fruit in the house, because their consumption was forbidden by Christian fasting practices during the season of Lent.[citation needed]

In North America, particularly the large Polish communities of Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, and other large cities across the Midwest and Northeast, Paczki Day is celebrated annually by immigrants and locals alike. The date of this observance merges with that of pre-Lenten traditions of other immigrants (e.g., Pancake Day, Mardi Gras) on Fat Tuesday. With its sizable Polish population, Chicago celebrates the festival on both Fat Thursday and Fat Tuesday.[18] Pączki are also often eaten on Casimir Pulaski Day. In Buffalo, Toledo, Cleveland, Detroit, Grand Rapids, St. Louis, South Bend, Louisville, and Windsor, Pączki Day is celebrated on Fat Tuesday.[citation needed]

The Pączki Day celebrations in some areas are even larger than many celebrations for St. Patrick's Day.[citation needed] In Hamtramck, Michigan, an enclave of Detroit, there is an annual Pączki Day (Shrove Tuesday) Parade,[5] which has gained a devoted following. Throughout the Metro Detroit area, it is so widespread that many bakeries attract lines of customers for pączki on Pączki Day.[19] In suburban Cleveland, Eastern European bakery Rudy's Strudel hosts a large indoor and outdoor Paczki Day party in conjunction with neighboring record store, The Current Year. It is called "the Mardi Gras of the Midwest".[20]

In some areas, Pączki Day is celebrated with pączki-eating contests.[citation needed]

United States edit

These pastries have become popular in the United States as a result of Polish immigrants and marketing by the bakery industry. Sold in bakeries mainly on both Fat Tuesday and Fat Thursday throughout Detroit and Chicago, they are particularly popular in areas where there is a large concentration of Polish immigrants: Milwaukee, Northcentral and Southeastern Wisconsin, Chicago, Northern Illinois, Northwest Indiana, Metro Detroit, Greater Grand Rapids, Mid Michigan, Greater Buffalo, New York, Greater Rochester, New York, Toledo, Greater Cincinnati, Greater Cleveland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, Northern and Central New Jersey, Central Connecticut, and Western Massachusetts.

See also edit

Explanatory notes edit

  1. ^ Russian: пончик.
  2. ^ Ukrainian: пончик, Belarusian: пончык.
  3. ^ Bulgarian: поничка.
  4. ^ Respelling: PUUNCH-kee, PUUNSH-, PUNCH-, PONCH-.

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b Strybel, Robert & Strybel, Maria (2005). Polish Heritage Cookery. Hippocrene. p. 270. ISBN 9780781811248.
  2. ^ Karolinas. "Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek? Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek?". Tipy.pl (in Polish). Grupa Interia.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  3. ^ Anna Hudyka (2009-02-18). Magda Głowala-Habel (ed.). "Tłusty Czwartek". Interia360.pl (in Polish). Grupa Interia.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  4. ^ . Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  5. ^ a b . City of Hamtramck. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008.
  6. ^ Żmigrodzki, "pączek".
  7. ^ Bralczyk (2014), p. 127.
  8. ^ Derksen (2008), pp. 416–417.
  9. ^ Ushakov (1940), пончик.
  10. ^ Boldyrev (2003), p. 514.
  11. ^ Georgiev (1999), p. 517.
  12. ^ Dictionary.com, paczki.
  13. ^ American Heritage Dictionary, paczki.
  14. ^ Barber 2004, paczki.
  15. ^ Edge (2006), chapter 7.
  16. ^ Żmigrodzki, "paczka".
  17. ^ Barbara Ogrodowska (1996). Święta polskie: tradycja i obyczaj (in Polish). Alfa. p. 124. ISBN 9788370019488.
  18. ^ Lukach, Adam (23 February 2017). "Paczki day specials from 33 Chicago restaurants and bakeries". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 26 February 2017. Whether you celebrate Paczki day on Fat Thursday or Fat Tuesday, or both, area bakeries are ready with thousands of the filled treats.
  19. ^ "Fat Tuesday Can Be Paczki Pandemonium". Southfield, MI: WWJ-TV. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  20. ^ "Rudy's Strudel announces 2022 Paczki Day details". Cleveland, OH: Cleveland.com. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

General and cited sources edit

  • "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language". Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej, ed. (2000). Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Polish etymological dictionary] (in Polish). Vol. 1. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  • Barber, Katherine, ed. (2004). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195418163.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-541816-3. Retrieved 2016-12-23.
  • Bizzarri, Amy, ed. (2016). Iconic Chicago Dishes, Drinks and Desserts. Charleston, SC: American Palata. ISBN 978-1-46713-551-1.
  • Boldyrev, R. V. (2003). Melnichuk, O. S. (ed.). Etimologichnyi slovnyk ukrayinskoi movi Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian). Vol. 4. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. ISBN 966-00-0590-3.
  • Bralczyk, Jerzy (2014). Jeść!!! [Let me eat!] (in Polish). BOSZ. ISBN 978-83-7576-218-1.
  • Czerniecki, Stanisław (1682). Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw [A Collection of Dishes] (in Polish). Kraków: Drukarnia Jerzego i Mikołaja Schedlów.
  • "Dictionary.com Unabridged". Random House. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  • Doroszewski, Witold, ed. (1969). "Słownik Języka Polskiego" [Polish Dictionary] (in Polish). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
  • Dumanowski, Jarosław; Jankowski, Rafał, eds. (2011). Moda bardzo dobra smażenia różnych konfektów [A Very Good Way of Frying Various Confections]. Monumenta Poloniae Culinaria (in Polish). Vol. 2. Warszawa: Muzeum Pałac w Wilanowie. ISBN 978-83-60959-18-3.
  • Dumanowski, Jarosław (2016). "Pączki z przeszłości, czyli tłusty czwartek historycznie" [Pączki of the past, or Fat Thursday in history]. naTemat.pl. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  • Edge, John T., ed. (2006). Donuts: An American Passion. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 978-1-440-62864-1.
  • Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov (1999). Blgarski etimologichen rechnik Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian). Vol. 1. Marin Drinov. ISBN 978-95-4430-315-0.
  • Kitowicz, Jędrzej (1840). Opis obyczajów i zwyczajów za panowania Augusta III [Description of customs and habits under Augustus III] (in Polish). Poznań: Edward Raczyński.
  • Kuroń, Maciej (2004). Kuchnia polska: Kuchnia Rzeczypospolitej wielu narodów [Polish Cuisine: Cuisine of a Commonwealth of Many Nations] (in Polish). Czarna Owca. ISBN 83-89763-25-7.
  • Lemnis, Maria; Vitry, Henryk (1979). W staropolskiej kuchni i przy polskim stole [Old Polish Traditions in the Kitchen and at the Table] (in Polish). Warszawa: Interpress.
  • [List of traditional products] (in Polish). Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  • Łozińska, Maja; Łoziński, Jan (2013). Historia polskiego smaku: kuchnia, stół, obyczaje [History of the Polish Taste: Kitchen, Table, Customs] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN 978-83-7705-269-3.
  • Mish, Frederick C. (2004). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.).
  • Neilson, William Allan; Knott, Thomas A.; Carhart, Paul W. (1947) [1934]. Webster's New International Dictionary (2nd ed.).
  • Strybel, Robert; Strybel, Maria (2005) [1993]. Polish Heritage Cookery. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-1124-4.
  • Szymula, Elzbieta (2012). "Polish Diet". In Thaker, Aruna; Barton, Arlene (eds.). Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 277–295. ISBN 978-1-4051-7358-2.
  • Szymanderska, Hanna (2010). Kuchnia polska: Potrawy regionalne [Polish Cuisine: Regional Dishes] (in Polish). Warszawa: Świat Książki. ISBN 978-83-7799-631-7.
  • Ushakov, Dmitry Nikolayevich (1940). "Tolkovy slovar russkogo yazyka" Толковый словарь русского языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Akademik (in Russian). Moskva: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya.
  • Żmigrodzki, Piotr (ed.). "Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego" [The Great Polish Dictionary] (in Polish). Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
pączki, polish, ˈpɔnt, ʂkʲi, pączek, polish, ˈpɔnt, ʂɛk, kashubian, pùrcle, polish, silesian, kreple, filled, doughnuts, found, polish, cuisine, pączekglazed, pączkialternative, nameskreple, ponchiktypedoughnutplace, originpolandregion, statecentral, europe, n. Paczki Polish ˈpɔnt ʂkʲi sg paczek Polish ˈpɔnt ʂɛk Kashubian purcle Old Polish and Silesian kreple are filled doughnuts found in Polish cuisine PaczekGlazed paczkiAlternative nameskreple ponchikTypeDoughnutPlace of originPolandRegion or stateCentral Europe North AmericaMain ingredientsYeast based dough grain alcohol confiture or other sweet filling powdered sugar icing glaze or bits of dried orange zestCookbook Paczek Media Paczek Contents 1 Description 2 Etymology spelling and pronunciation 3 Paczki Day 4 United States 5 See also 6 Explanatory notes 7 Citations 8 General and cited sources 9 External linksDescription editA paczek is a deep fried piece of dough shaped into a flattened ball and filled with confiture or other sweet filling Paczki are usually covered with powdered sugar icing glaze or bits of dried orange zest A small amount of grain alcohol traditionally rectified spirit is added to the dough before cooking as it evaporates it prevents the absorption of oil deep into the dough 1 Paczki are commonly thought of as fluffy but somewhat collapsed with a bright stripe around them these features are seen as evidence that the dough was fried in fresh oil 2 3 Although they look like German berliners bismarcks in North America or jelly doughnuts paczki are made from especially rich dough containing eggs fats sugar yeast and sometimes milk They feature a variety of fruit and creme fillings and can be glazed or covered with granulated or powdered sugar Powidla stewed plum jam and wild rose petal jam 1 4 are traditional fillings but many others are used as well including strawberry Bavarian cream blueberry custard raspberry and apple 5 Paczki have been known in Poland at least since the Middle Ages Jedrzej Kitowicz wrote that during the reign of Augustus III under the influence of French cooks who came to Poland paczki dough was improved so that paczki became lighter spongier and more resilient citation needed nbsp Paczki displayed for sale nbsp Traditional paczki serowe or oponki nbsp Home made glazed paczki nbsp American made paczkiEtymology spelling and pronunciation editThe Polish word paczek ˈpɔnt ʂɛk plural paczki ˈpɔnt ʂkʲi is a diminutive of the Polish word pak ˈpɔŋk bud 6 The latter derives from Proto Slavic pǫk which may have referred to anything that is round bulging and about to burst compare Proto Slavic pǫkti to swell burst possibly of ultimately onomatopoeic origin 7 8 From Polish the word has been borrowed into several other Slavic languages where the respective loanwords ponchik a ponchyk b or ponichka c refer to a similar ball shaped pastry 9 10 11 English speakers typically use the plural form of the Polish word in both singular and plural They pronounce it as ˈ p ʊ n tʃ k i ˈ p ʊ n ʃ ˈ p ʌ n tʃ ˈ p ɒ n tʃ d and often write it as paczki i e without the ogonek hook shaped diacritic 12 13 14 15 This should not be confused with the unrelated Polish word paczki ˈpat ʂkʲi which is the plural form of paczka ˈpat ʂka meaning package or parcel 16 Paczki Day editFat Thursday versus Fat Tuesday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday nbsp Fat Thursday Tlusty Czwartek Friday Saturday Sunday Monday nbsp Fat Tuesday Paczki Day Ash Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Carnival Lent In Poland paczki are eaten especially on Fat Thursday Tlusty Czwartek the last Thursday prior to Ash Wednesday and the beginning of Lent 17 The traditional reason for making paczki was to use up all the lard sugar eggs and fruit in the house because their consumption was forbidden by Christian fasting practices during the season of Lent citation needed In North America particularly the large Polish communities of Chicago Detroit Milwaukee and other large cities across the Midwest and Northeast Paczki Day is celebrated annually by immigrants and locals alike The date of this observance merges with that of pre Lenten traditions of other immigrants e g Pancake Day Mardi Gras on Fat Tuesday With its sizable Polish population Chicago celebrates the festival on both Fat Thursday and Fat Tuesday 18 Paczki are also often eaten on Casimir Pulaski Day In Buffalo Toledo Cleveland Detroit Grand Rapids St Louis South Bend Louisville and Windsor Paczki Day is celebrated on Fat Tuesday citation needed The Paczki Day celebrations in some areas are even larger than many celebrations for St Patrick s Day citation needed In Hamtramck Michigan an enclave of Detroit there is an annual Paczki Day Shrove Tuesday Parade 5 which has gained a devoted following Throughout the Metro Detroit area it is so widespread that many bakeries attract lines of customers for paczki on Paczki Day 19 In suburban Cleveland Eastern European bakery Rudy s Strudel hosts a large indoor and outdoor Paczki Day party in conjunction with neighboring record store The Current Year It is called the Mardi Gras of the Midwest 20 In some areas Paczki Day is celebrated with paczki eating contests citation needed United States editThis article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Paczki news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message These pastries have become popular in the United States as a result of Polish immigrants and marketing by the bakery industry Sold in bakeries mainly on both Fat Tuesday and Fat Thursday throughout Detroit and Chicago they are particularly popular in areas where there is a large concentration of Polish immigrants Milwaukee Northcentral and Southeastern Wisconsin Chicago Northern Illinois Northwest Indiana Metro Detroit Greater Grand Rapids Mid Michigan Greater Buffalo New York Greater Rochester New York Toledo Greater Cincinnati Greater Cleveland Philadelphia Pittsburgh Scranton Wilkes Barre Northern and Central New Jersey Central Connecticut and Western Massachusetts See also edit nbsp Food portal nbsp Poland portal List of doughnut varieties List of Polish dessertsExplanatory notes edit Russian ponchik Ukrainian ponchik Belarusian ponchyk Bulgarian ponichka Respelling PUUNCH kee PUUNSH PUNCH PONCH Citations edit a b Strybel Robert amp Strybel Maria 2005 Polish Heritage Cookery Hippocrene p 270 ISBN 9780781811248 Karolinas Skad wzial sie Tlusty Czwartek Skad wzial sie Tlusty Czwartek Tipy pl in Polish Grupa Interia pl Retrieved 2016 02 03 Anna Hudyka 2009 02 18 Magda Glowala Habel ed Tlusty Czwartek Interia360 pl in Polish Grupa Interia pl Retrieved 2016 02 03 Paczki Hard to say culinary Lenten treat made by nuns Catholic News Service Archived from the original on February 28 2014 Retrieved November 23 2009 a b Pazcki day eat and celebrate City of Hamtramck Archived from the original on March 15 2008 Zmigrodzki paczek Bralczyk 2014 p 127 Derksen 2008 pp 416 417 sfnp error no target CITEREFDerksen2008 help Ushakov 1940 ponchik Boldyrev 2003 p 514 Georgiev 1999 p 517 Dictionary com paczki American Heritage Dictionary paczki Barber 2004 paczki Edge 2006 chapter 7 Zmigrodzki paczka Barbara Ogrodowska 1996 Swieta polskie tradycja i obyczaj in Polish Alfa p 124 ISBN 9788370019488 Lukach Adam 23 February 2017 Paczki day specials from 33 Chicago restaurants and bakeries Chicago Tribune Retrieved 26 February 2017 Whether you celebrate Paczki day on Fat Thursday or Fat Tuesday or both area bakeries are ready with thousands of the filled treats Fat Tuesday Can Be Paczki Pandemonium Southfield MI WWJ TV Retrieved 21 February 2012 Rudy s Strudel announces 2022 Paczki Day details Cleveland OH Cleveland com Retrieved 27 February 2022 General and cited sources edit American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Retrieved 2018 02 02 Bankowski Andrzej ed 2000 Etymologiczny slownik jezyka polskiego Polish etymological dictionary in Polish Vol 1 Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Barber Katherine ed 2004 The Canadian Oxford Dictionary 2nd ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acref 9780195418163 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 541816 3 Retrieved 2016 12 23 Bizzarri Amy ed 2016 Iconic Chicago Dishes Drinks and Desserts Charleston SC American Palata ISBN 978 1 46713 551 1 Boldyrev R V 2003 Melnichuk O S ed Etimologichnyi slovnyk ukrayinskoi movi Etimologichnij slovnik ukrayinskoyi movi Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language in Ukrainian Vol 4 Kyiv Naukova dumka ISBN 966 00 0590 3 Bralczyk Jerzy 2014 Jesc Let me eat in Polish BOSZ ISBN 978 83 7576 218 1 Czerniecki Stanislaw 1682 Compendium ferculorum albo Zebranie potraw A Collection of Dishes in Polish Krakow Drukarnia Jerzego i Mikolaja Schedlow Dictionary com Unabridged Random House Retrieved 2018 02 02 Doroszewski Witold ed 1969 Slownik Jezyka Polskiego Polish Dictionary in Polish Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dumanowski Jaroslaw Jankowski Rafal eds 2011 Moda bardzo dobra smazenia roznych konfektow A Very Good Way of Frying Various Confections Monumenta Poloniae Culinaria in Polish Vol 2 Warszawa Muzeum Palac w Wilanowie ISBN 978 83 60959 18 3 Dumanowski Jaroslaw 2016 Paczki z przeszlosci czyli tlusty czwartek historycznie Paczki of the past or Fat Thursday in history naTemat pl Retrieved 2018 02 06 Edge John T ed 2006 Donuts An American Passion New York G P Putnam s Sons ISBN 978 1 440 62864 1 Georgiev Vladimir Ivanov 1999 Blgarski etimologichen rechnik Blgarski etimologichen rechnik Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary in Bulgarian Vol 1 Marin Drinov ISBN 978 95 4430 315 0 Kitowicz Jedrzej 1840 Opis obyczajow i zwyczajow za panowania Augusta III Description of customs and habits under Augustus III in Polish Poznan Edward Raczynski Kuron Maciej 2004 Kuchnia polska Kuchnia Rzeczypospolitej wielu narodow Polish Cuisine Cuisine of a Commonwealth of Many Nations in Polish Czarna Owca ISBN 83 89763 25 7 Lemnis Maria Vitry Henryk 1979 W staropolskiej kuchni i przy polskim stole Old Polish Traditions in the Kitchen and at the Table in Polish Warszawa Interpress Lista produktow tradycyjnych List of traditional products in Polish Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi Archived from the original on 2018 05 24 Retrieved 2016 06 15 Lozinska Maja Lozinski Jan 2013 Historia polskiego smaku kuchnia stol obyczaje History of the Polish Taste Kitchen Table Customs in Polish Warszawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN ISBN 978 83 7705 269 3 Mish Frederick C 2004 Merriam Webster s Collegiate Dictionary 11th ed Neilson William Allan Knott Thomas A Carhart Paul W 1947 1934 Webster s New International Dictionary 2nd ed Strybel Robert Strybel Maria 2005 1993 Polish Heritage Cookery New York Hippocrene Books ISBN 0 7818 1124 4 Szymula Elzbieta 2012 Polish Diet In Thaker Aruna Barton Arlene eds Multicultural Handbook of Food Nutrition and Dietetics Wiley Blackwell pp 277 295 ISBN 978 1 4051 7358 2 Szymanderska Hanna 2010 Kuchnia polska Potrawy regionalne Polish Cuisine Regional Dishes in Polish Warszawa Swiat Ksiazki ISBN 978 83 7799 631 7 Ushakov Dmitry Nikolayevich 1940 Tolkovy slovar russkogo yazyka Tolkovyj slovar russkogo yazyka Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Akademik in Russian Moskva Sovetskaya entsiklopediya Zmigrodzki Piotr ed Wielki Slownik Jezyka Polskiego The Great Polish Dictionary in Polish Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN External links editPaczki Day PSA an account of Detroit area Paczki Day traditions in 2008 Paczkis Video produced by Wisconsin Public Television Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paczki amp oldid 1217749821, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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