Owatonna, Minnesota
Owatonna (/ˌoʊwəˈtɒnə/ OH-wə-TON-ə)[5] is a city in Steele County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 26,420 at the 2020 census.[2] It is the county seat of Steele County. Owatonna is home to the Steele County Fairgrounds, which hosts the Steele County Free Fair in August.
Owatonna | |
|---|---|
Downtown Owatonna | |
| Nickname: O-Town | |
| Coordinates: 44°5′14″N 93°13′28″W / 44.08722°N 93.22444°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Steele |
| Settled | 1854 |
| Platted | September 1855 |
| Incorporated (town) | August 9, 1858 |
| Incorporated (city) | February 23, 1865 |
| Named for | Straight River |
| Government | |
| • Type | Representative council |
| • Mayor | Thomas A. Kuntz |
| Area | |
| • Total | 15.20 sq mi (39.36 km2) |
| • Land | 15.11 sq mi (39.14 km2) |
| • Water | 0.09 sq mi (0.22 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,152 ft (351 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 26,420 |
| • Estimate (2022)[3] | 26,470 |
| • Density | 1,748.16/sq mi (674.98/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 55060 |
| Area code | 507 |
| FIPS code | 27-49300 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0649095[4] |
| Website | owatonna.gov |
Interstate 35 and U.S. Highways 14, and 218 are three of the main routes in the city.
History Edit
Owatonna was first settled in 1853 around the Straight River. The community was named after the Straight River,[6] which in the Dakota language is Wakpá Owóthaŋna. A popular, but apocryphal, story is that the town is named after "Princess Owatonna", the daughter of local Native American Chief Wadena who was supposedly healed by a nearby spring's magic waters,[7] which were said to be rich in iron and sulfur.[8] The earliest the Owatonna area was settled was in 1854. It was platted in September 1855, incorporated as a town on August 9, 1858, and as a city on February 23, 1865.[6]
In 1856, Josef Karel Kaplan emigrated from the village of Dlouhá Třebová, southeast of Prague, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), and selected a quarter section [160 acres (65 ha)] of land near the town of Owatonna. Kaplan described Owatonna as having just 50 small homes, but predicted 100 within a year, along with a railroad. With just four stores and a pharmacy, Owatonna quickly prospered and grew to 1,500 inhabitants in just 5 years. Kaplan wrote about the Owatonna area in letters donated to the Minnesota Historical Society. In them, he described often seeing the indigenous people with "tough constitutions...brown skin and good dispositions", adding: "When you read about battles between whites and Indians, it is the whites who are to blame." In 1866, Kaplan helped organize the Catholic cemetery, and a year later, the Bohemian National Cemetery of Owatonna.[9]
Kaplan's Woods is part of the land originally owned by Josef Kaplan, and later Victor and Anna Kaplan. The State of Minnesota created Kaplan's Wood State Park, which was later transferred to the City of Owatonna.[10] The Kaplan's Woods Parkway contains over 6 miles (10 km) of hiking and cross country skiing trails, and nearly 2 miles (3 km) of hard-surfaced, handicapped-accessible trail. The parkway includes Lake Kohlmier, a 35-acre (14 ha) lake.[11]
The Minnesota State Public School for Dependent and Neglected Children was built in 1886. The school took in orphans from around the state and taught them "the value of drill, discipline, and labor." The children who died in the institution were interred in the Children's Cemetery behind the school. In 1945, the orphanage closed and in 1947 the State Public School was officially abolished and all its lands, buildings, property, and funds were transferred to the newly established the Owatonna State School,[12] which provided academic and vocational training for the developmentally disabled. The Owatonna State School was closed June 30, 1970.[13] In 1974, the City purchased the compound for its office space. Renamed "West Hills," it continues to serve as the City's administration complex and home to many nonprofit civic organizations including a senior activity center, the Owatonna Arts Center, two nonprofit daycare centers, a chemical dependency halfway house, and Big Brothers/Big Sisters, among others.[citation needed]
In July 2008, a Raytheon Hawker 800 corporate jet crashed near Owatonna, resulting in eight deaths.[14]
On October 31, 2010, Owl City's Adam Young held a hometown concert in the Owatonna Senior High School gym.[15]
On November 3, 2015, the Owatonna Public School District passed a bond referendum to fund school facilities improvements focusing on deferred maintenance, safety, and Elementary school crowding. As a result, the school district received $77.9 million to repair all buildings, replace out-of-date equipment, update security in all seven public school buildings, switch the use for two school buildings, and reconfigure grades from K-5, 6, 7-8, 9-12 to K-5, 6-8, 9-12. All facility changes and projects were completed by September 2018.[16]
The Steele County Historical Society "preserves Steele County's past, shares the county's stories, and connects people with history in meaningful ways, for today and for tomorrow." Established in 1949 to preserve the history of Steele County, it has become one of the largest and most prestigious historical societies in the state. In 1962, the Society permanently leased part of the southeast section of the fairgrounds to begin a pioneer village, the Village of Yesteryear, which has grown in the years since through the additional move of historic structures, as well as museum buildings built on site.
Geography Edit
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 14.62 square miles (37.87 km2); 14.53 square miles (37.63 km2) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km2) is water.[17] The oldest part of the city (including the downtown area) is on a low-lying area on the eastern bank of the Straight River, extending towards the south from Maple Creek. The city has grown in all directions, and now lies on both sides of the river, as well as above the ridge north of Maple Creek. Significant growth in recent years has occurred to the northeast, where homes have been built along the ravine of Maple Creek as well as alongside Brooktree Golf Course, to the north, and to the southeast. Geographical landmarks of note include Kaplan's Woods, a hardwood nature preserve on the southern border of the city; Cinder Hill, a steep 60-foot hill on Linn Avenue overlooking downtown that local athletes use for training; the Straight River dam, originally used to power a mill and now reconstructed to include a fish ladder; and the Forest Hill Cemetery, an old wooded cemetery on the ridge north of Maple Creek that marks the boundary between the oldest parts of the city and more recent developments.
Record rainfall events from September 22 to 24, 2010, caused flooding of the Straight River and Maple Creek in and near Owatonna, with developments in the floodplains of both streams completely inundated.[18][19][20]
Climate Edit
| Climate data for Owatonna, Minnesota, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 58 (14) | 65 (18) | 81 (27) | 92 (33) | 98 (37) | 102 (39) | 102 (39) | 102 (39) | 98 (37) | 93 (34) | 78 (26) | 67 (19) | 102 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 41.5 (5.3) | 46.3 (7.9) | 64.0 (17.8) | 79.2 (26.2) | 88.1 (31.2) | 92.5 (33.6) | 92.5 (33.6) | 90.6 (32.6) | 88.1 (31.2) | 81.5 (27.5) | 63.8 (17.7) | 46.8 (8.2) | 95.2 (35.1) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 22.2 (−5.4) | 26.8 (−2.9) | 39.6 (4.2) | 55.3 (12.9) | 67.7 (19.8) | 78.3 (25.7) | 81.7 (27.6) | 79.4 (26.3) | 72.8 (22.7) | 58.7 (14.8) | 41.6 (5.3) | 27.9 (−2.3) | 54.3 (12.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 13.7 (−10.2) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 30.7 (−0.7) | 44.8 (7.1) | 57.1 (13.9) | 68.1 (20.1) | 71.8 (22.1) | 69.5 (20.8) | 62.1 (16.7) | 48.3 (9.1) | 33.3 (0.7) | 20.3 (−6.5) | 44.8 (7.1) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 5.1 (−14.9) | 9.2 (−12.7) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 34.2 (1.2) | 46.6 (8.1) | 58.0 (14.4) | 62.0 (16.7) | 59.6 (15.3) | 51.4 (10.8) | 37.9 (3.3) | 25.1 (−3.8) | 12.7 (−10.7) | 35.3 (1.8) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −17.7 (−27.6) | −12.0 (−24.4) | −1.5 (−18.6) | 18.6 (−7.4) | 31.2 (−0.4) | 44.2 (6.8) | 51.0 (10.6) | 48.9 (9.4) | 35.4 (1.9) | 23.0 (−5.0) | 7.2 (−13.8) | −10.2 (−23.4) | −20.8 (−29.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −35 (−37) | −34 (−37) | −32 (−36) | 0 (−18) | 12 (−11) | 33 (1) | 42 (6) | 36 (2) | 23 (−5) | 13 (−11) | −15 (−26) | −32 (−36) | −35 (−37) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.87 (22) | 0.89 (23) | 1.99 (51) | 3.18 (81) | 4.61 (117) | 5.28 (134) | 4.79 (122) | 4.84 (123) | 3.80 (97) | 2.48 (63) | 1.65 (42) | 1.08 (27) | 35.46 (902) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.5 (24) | 10.2 (26) | 6.8 (17) | 2.6 (6.6) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.76) | 3.1 (7.9) | 11.2 (28) | 44.2 (111.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.9 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 10.6 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 105.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 4.9 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 18.8 |
| Source 1: NOAA[21] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[22] | |||||||||||||
Demographics Edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 609 | — | |
| 1870 | 2,070 | 239.9% | |
| 1880 | 3,161 | 52.7% | |
| 1890 | 3,849 | 21.8% | |
| 1900 | 5,561 | 44.5% | |
| 1910 | 5,658 | 1.7% | |
| 1920 | 7,252 | 28.2% | |
| 1930 | 7,654 | 5.5% | |
| 1940 | 8,694 | 13.6% | |
| 1950 | 10,191 | 17.2% | |
| 1960 | 13,409 | 31.6% | |
| 1970 | 15,341 | 14.4% | |
| 1980 | 18,632 | 21.5% | |
| 1990 | 19,386 | 4.0% | |
| 2000 | 22,434 | 15.7% | |
| 2010 | 25,599 | 14.1% | |
| 2020 | 26,420 | 3.2% | |
| 2022 (est.) | 26,470 | [3] | 0.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[23] 2020 Census[2] | |||
2010 census Edit
As of the census of 2010, there were 25,599 people, 10,068 households, and 6,737 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,761.8 inhabitants per square mile (680.2/km2). There were 10,724 housing units at an average density of 738.1 per square mile (285.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 3.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 2.2% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.3% of the population.
There were 10,068 households, of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.1% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.05.
The median age in the city was 37.2 years. 26.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
2000 census Edit
As of the census of 2000, 22,434 people, 8,704 households, and 5,936 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,779.9 inhabitants per square mile (687.2/km2). There were 8,940 housing units at an average density of 709.3 per square mile (273.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.09% White, 1.56% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.92% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.31% of the population.
There were 8,704 households, of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $45,660, and the median income for a family was $54,883. Males had a median income of $37,691 versus $25,511 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,513. About 4.3% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under 18 and 6.9% of those 65 or over.
Economy Edit
Owatonna is an economic center of Southern Minnesota, with diverse industries. Federated Insurance is the largest employer, with 1,521 employees, followed by an expanding Viracon, which has 1,434 employees.[24] Both have their corporate headquarters in Owatonna. Other large employers in the community are Bosch, Jostens, Gopher Sport, Brunswick Corporation (Cybex International), Daikin Industries, Owatonna Public Utilities, AmesburyTruth, ISD 761, Wenger Corporation,[25] Owatonna Clinic - Mayo Health System, and Owatonna Hospital - Allina Hospitals & Clinics.[citation needed]
Arts and culture Edit
In 1974, the City of Owatonna purchased the campus of the former Minnesota State Public School for Dependent and Neglected Children, which had been in operation from 1886 until 1945. The site was renamed West Hills, and now serves as an administrative center for the City of Owatonna, as well as housing several nonprofit organizations in the various historic buildings, including the Owatonna Arts Center.[26]
The ongoing practical joke Pesky Pants took place in Owatonna between 1965 and 1989
Sites of interest Edit
National Farmers Bank Edit
In the middle of Owatonna's downtown is the National Farmer's Bank, widely recognized as one of the premier examples of the Prairie School of architecture in America. Designed by Louis Sullivan, the building was finished in 1908 and features gold leaf arches, stained-glass windows, and nouveau Baroque art designs, all still in pristine condition. It is a national landmark on the National Register of Historic Places and functions as a branch of Wells Fargo Bank.[27][8][28]
State School Museum Edit
The State School Museum[29] is at West Hills on the grounds of the former Minnesota State School for Dependent and Neglected Children.
Sports Edit
The Steele County Blades is a junior hockey team that plays at Four Seasons Center and is a member of the MN Junior Hockey League. Although having a similar name and logo, this team is unrelated to the former Southern Minnesota Express, which relocated to Michigan to become the Motor City Machine. The Express began play in the 2008-2009 season,[30] and completed its final season in March 2011.
Government Edit
Owatonna is governed by a mayor and city council. City Council of Owatonna, MN
- Mayor: Thomas A. Kuntz
City council
- Council member at large: Doug Voss
- Council member at large: Daniel Boeke
- First Ward: Nathan Dotson
- Second Ward: Greg Schultz
- Third Ward: Dave Burbank
- Fourth Ward: Kevin P. Raney
- Fifth Ward: Brent Svenby
The city is in Minnesota's 24th Senate District, represented by John Jasinski, a Republican. District 24 includes portions of Steele, Rice and Waseca and Dodge counties in the southeastern part of the state. Owatonna is in House District 24A, represented by State Representative John Petersburg, a Republican, since 2012.
Owatonna is in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Brad Finstad, a Republican.[31]
Education Edit
Public schools Edit
Public education is provided by Independent School District No. 761
Elementary schools Edit
- Lincoln Elementary, grades K-5[32]
- McKinley Elementary, grades K-5[33]
- Washington Elementary, grades K-5[34]
- Wilson Elementary, grades K-5[35]
Middle school Edit
- Owatonna Middle School, grades 6-8
High school Edit
- Owatonna Senior High School , grades 9-12
- Owatonna Alternative Learning Center (ALC), grades 7-12
Private schools Edit
- Owatonna Christian School, grades K-12
- St. Marys Catholic School, grades K-8
- Marian Catholic High School, 1958-1975
- Pillsbury Baptist Bible College, 1886-2008
Higher education Edit
Past schools Edit
- "Old" Lincoln Elementary School, 1885-1951
- Roosevelt Elementary School, 1919-1980
- Jefferson Elementary School, early 1900s-1970
- First Owatonna High School, 1871-1882
- Second Owatonna High School, 1883-1921
- Minnesota State School for Dependent and Neglected Children, 1887-1945
- Owatonna State School, 1947-1970
- Willow Creek Intermediate School, 1990-2017
- Owatonna Junior High school 1965-2017
Owatonna Art Education Project Edit
In Owatonna was the Owatonna Art Education Project.[when?]
Media Edit
AM radio Edit
| AM radio stations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Call sign | Name | Format | Owner |
| 920 | KDHL | The Mighty 920 | Classic Country | Townsquare Media |
| 1170 | KFOW | Sports radio | Linder Radio Group | |
| 1390 | KRFO | Oldies | Townsquare Media | |
FM Radio Edit
| FM radio stations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Call sign | Name | Format | Owner |
| 92.1 | KRUE | KRUE Country 92.1 | Country | Linder Radio Group |
| 93.5 | K228DR (KJLY Translator) | Christian | Minn-Iowa Christian Broadcasting | |
| 100.9 | KOWZ | Adult Contemporary | Linder Radio Group | |
| 103.9 | K280EC (KNGA Translator) | MPR News | NPR | Minnesota Public Radio |
| 104.9 | KRFO | Country | Townsquare Media | |
| 105.7 | K289AE (KGAC Translator) | Classical MPR | Classical | Minnesota Public Radio |
| 106.3 | K292GU (KFOW Translator) | Sports radio | Linder Radio Group | |
| 107.5 | KBGY (KLCI Simulcast) | BOB-FM | Classic country | Milestone Radio II, LLC |
Film location Edit
Parts of the 1995 movie Angus were filmed in and around Owatonna, including Owatonna Senior High School, its football team, and marching band.[36]
Much of the 2014 silent film The Root of Evil was shot on location in Owatonna, most notably at the Owatonna Senior High School and the Gainey Center. Produced by a cast and crew of over 60 Owatonna High School students, the film has received 10 awards at over eight film festivals on the international circuit.[37] Memorabilia from the film is set[when?] to be on display in the high school museum.
Notable people Edit
- Ken Christianson, artist and musician, graduate of Owatonna Senior High
- Masanori Mark Christianson, art director and musician, graduate of Owatonna Senior High
- Lillian Colton, crop artist
- Casey Driessen, fiddler
- Elijah Easton, farmer and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives
- Arthur Fry, co-creator of the Post-it Note, born in Owatonna
- Theodore Marcus Hansen, Lutheran pastor and educator, pastor in Owatonna from 1948 to 1952
- Mike Hegstrand, professional wrestler, Hawk, half of the Road Warriors, 1958-2003; born in Owatonna, resided on Xerxes Ave.
- Noel Jenke, NFL player
- Felix Kaplan, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives
- William R. Kinyon early member of the Minnesota House of Representatives and Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives
- Don Laughlin, founder of the resort town of Laughlin, Nevada, born and raised in Owatonna
- Drew C. MacEwen, state representative in Washington state, born in Owatonna
- Charles Edward Magoon, politician, lawyer, judge, and diplomat
- E.G. Marshall, actor known as unflappable Juror #4 in 12 Angry Men and for the TV series The Defenders, born in Owatonna
- Craig Minowa, lead singer of Cloud Cult and founder of Minnesota record label Earthology Records
- Tom Moore, NFL coach
- Harold S. Nelson, Minnesota state senator and lawyer[38]
- Fred L. Peterson, mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 1953 to 1956
- Connie Ruth, Minnesota state representative
- Tom J. Shea, Minnesota state legislator and businessman[39]
- Kevin Skaff, lead guitarist of the rock band A Day to Remember
- Clifford C. Sommer, Minnesota state senator and businessman[40]
- Amy Tanner, psychologist who wrote Studies in Spiritism, born in Owatonna
- Sean Tillman a.k.a. Har Mar Superstar, raised in Owatonna
- Evan S. Tyler, North Dakota State Representative
- Harry Williams, songwriter, director for Mack Sennett; graduated from Pillsbury Military Academy
- Travis Wiuff, a.k.a. "Diesel", MMA fighter, UFC
- Adam Young, a.k.a. Owl City, co-founder of Windsor Airlift, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
- William C. Zamboni, Minnesota state senator and mayor of Owatonna[41]
References Edit
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022". United States Census Bureau. June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ . Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^ a b Upham, Warren (reprint, 2001). Minnesota Place Names: A Geographical Encyclopedia
- ^ The Legend of Princess Owatonna, Visit Owatonna
- ^ a b WPA Guide to Minnesota. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. 1985 [1938]. p. 399. ISBN 0873517121.
- ^ Letters to Bohemia: A Czech Settler Writes from Owatonna, 1856—1858
- ^ . Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
- ^ . Archived from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
- ^ "Owatonna State School - Asylum Projects".
- ^ http://mn.gov/mnddc/past/pdf/60s/69/69-COS-AMW.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ (AP via Google News) August 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Owl City goes back to school for Halloween". Star Tribune.
- ^ . Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
- ^ . United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Floods of September 2010 in Southern Minnesota" (PDF). US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations. (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Heavy Rainfall - September 22-23, 2010". MN Department of Natural Resources.
- ^ "Summary of September 22-24, 2010 Extreme Southern MN Flooding". National Weather Service.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Owatonna, MN". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Minneapolis". National Weather Service. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved September 11, 2013.
- ^ http://www.owatonna.org/prosper/profile/employers.php August 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Owatonna employer profile
- ^ https://www.wengercorp.com/ Wenger Corporation
- ^ . Archived from the original on February 21, 2006. Retrieved March 20, 2006.
- ^ "Why a Minnesota bank building ranks among the nation’s most significant architecture", PBS NewsHour, June 15, 2022.
- ^ Morrison, Hugh (1962) [June 1, 1962]. Louis Sullivan Prophet of Modern Architecture. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393001164.
- ^ . Archived from the original on March 29, 2006. Retrieved March 20, 2006.
- ^ NAHL.com, 15 May 2008
- ^ "Republican Rep. Brad Finstad sworn in to finish Hagedorn's House term". August 12, 2022.
- ^ . Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on February 27, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ IMDB, Angus
- ^ "Owatonna graduates' black-and-white film receives national recognitions".
- ^ Minnesota Legislators Past & Present-Harold S. Nelson
- ^ Minnesota Legislators: Past & Present-Tom j. Shea
- ^ Minnesota Legislators: Past & Present-Clifford C. Sommer
- ^ Minnesota Legislators: Past & Present-William C. Zamboni
External links Edit
- City of Owatonna Website
- Owatonna Area Chamber of Commerce and Tourism