fbpx
Wikipedia

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

January 01, 1970

This article is about the tree known as night-flowering jasmine. For other plants known as jasmine, see Jasmine (disambiguation).
"Parijat" redirects here. For other uses, see Parijat (disambiguation).

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is a species of Nyctanthes native to South Asia and Southeast Asia.[2][3][4][5] It is commonly known as night-blooming jasmine, tree of sadness, tree of sorrow, hengra bubar, coral jasmine[6] and in Singapore seri gading.[7] Despite its common name, the species is not a "true jasmine" and not of the genus Jasminum.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Nyctanthes
Species:
N. arbor-tristis
Binomial name
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Synonyms[2]
  • Bruschia macrocarpa Bertol.
  • Nyctanthes dentata Blume
  • Nyctanthes tristis Salisb.
  • Parilium arbor-tristis (L.) Gaertn.
  • Scabrita scabra L.
  • Scabrita triflora L.

Names edit

 
Fruit in Bardhaman, West Bengal, India

The tree is called the "tree of sorrow" because the foliage becomes droopy as blooming flowers fall off during early morning.[8] The Latin specific epithet arbor-tristis means "sad tree".[8] In Nepal, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is known as pārijāta (पारिजात), harsinghar, sephalika, pavalamallikai, manjapumaram, mannappumaram and siharu.[9] In Malaysia it is known as seri gading and in China it is referred to as nai hua or hung mo li.[9]

Description edit

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is a shrub or a small tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall, with flaky grey bark. The leaves are opposite, simple, 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) long and 2–6.5 cm (0.79–2.56 in) broad, with an entire margin. The flowers are fragrant, with a five- to eight-lobed white corolla with an orange-red centre; they are produced in clusters of two to seven together, with individual flowers opening at dusk and finishing at dawn. The fruit is a bilobed, flat brown heart-shaped to round capsule 2 cm (0.79 in) diameter, each lobe containing a single seed.[4][5]

Distribution and habitat edit

N. arbor-tristis is native to Indo-China, Himalaya and Sumatera to Jawa.[10] It grows in dry deciduous forests and hillsides.[11]

Uses edit

The leaves have been used in Ayurvedic medicine and Homoeopathy for sciatica, arthritis, and fevers, and as a laxative.[12] An orange dye from the corolla, nyctanthin, is used to dye silk.[13] In India, flowers are used to make garlands and used for worship.[8]

Culture edit

The flower of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is the official state flower of West Bengal and is called shiuli or shefali.[13]

The native people of Tripura use the plant to help predict weather and rainfall.[14]

Literature edit

 
Krishna Uproots the Parijata Tree, manuscript from a Bhagavata Purana.

The parijata is a divine tree featured in Hindu mythology.[15] The Mahabharata and the Puranas describe the parijata tree, as one of five trees, to have emerged during the legend of the Samudra Manthana.[16] Krishna is described to have battled with Indra to uproot the parijata from his capital of Amaravati and plant it in his own city of Dvaraka.[15] In regional tradition, Satyabhama grew aggrieved when Krishna offered his chief consort Rukmini a parijata flower. To placate her envy, Krishna confronted Indra and had the parijata tree planted near Satyabhama's door. Despite having the tree planted near her dwelling, the flowers of the tree fell in the adjacent backyard of Rukmini, the favourite wife of Krishna, because of her superior devotion and humility.[17][18]

The tree is the subject of a work named Parijatapaharanamu in Telugu literature, written by Nandi Thimmana, the court-poet of Krishnadevaraya.[15] The poet Kalidasa sings about the flower in his Sanskrit poem Ritu samhara.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); Lakhey, P. & Pathak, J. (2022). "Nyctanthes arbor-tristis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T150224828A152201552. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
  3. ^ "Nyctanthes arbor-tristis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  4. ^ a b Flora of Pakistan: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
  5. ^ a b AgroForestry Tree Database: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Nyctanthes arbor-tristis". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  7. ^ "Nyctanthes arbor-tristis". National Parks Flora and Fauna Web. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  8. ^ a b c d Swaminathan, M. S.; Kochhar, S. L. (2019). Major Flowering Trees of Tropical Gardens. Cambridge University Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-108-64063-3.
  9. ^ a b Quattrocchi, Umberto (1999). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. CRC Press. p. 1842. ISBN 978-0-8493-2677-6.
  10. ^ "Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  11. ^ Das, Debabrata (2023). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Knowledge in the Indian Subcontinent. Shashwat Publication. ISBN 978-93-95362-22-1.
  12. ^ Saxena RS, Gupta B, Lata S (August 2002). "Tranquilizing, antihistaminic and purgative activity of Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaf extract". J Ethnopharmacol. 81 (3): 321–5. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00088-0. PMID 12127232.
  13. ^ a b Krishna, Nanditha (2014). Sacred Plants of India. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-691-5.
  14. ^ Sandeep, Acharya (January 2011). "Prediction of rainfall variation through flowering phenology of night-flowering Jasmine (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.; Verbenaceae) in Tripura". Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 10 (1): 96–101. ISSN 0975-1068.
  15. ^ a b c Dalal, Roshen (2014-04-18). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin UK. p. 917. ISBN 978-81-8475-277-9.
  16. ^ Books, Kausiki (2021-10-24). Padma Purana Srishti Khanda Part 1: English Translation only without Slokas. Kausiki Books. p. 56.
  17. ^ Bryant, Edwin Francis (2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. pp. 184–185. ISBN 978-0-19-803400-1.
  18. ^ Geybels, Hans; Herck, Walter Van (2011-03-17). Humour and Religion: Challenges and Ambiguities. A&C Black. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4411-6313-4.

January 01, 1970
nyctanthes, arbor, tristis, this, article, about, tree, known, night, flowering, jasmine, other, plants, known, jasmine, jasmine, disambiguation, parijat, redirects, here, other, uses, parijat, disambiguation, species, nyctanthes, native, south, asia, southeas. This article is about the tree known as night flowering jasmine For other plants known as jasmine see Jasmine disambiguation Parijat redirects here For other uses see Parijat disambiguation Nyctanthes arbor tristis is a species of Nyctanthes native to South Asia and Southeast Asia 2 3 4 5 It is commonly known as night blooming jasmine tree of sadness tree of sorrow hengra bubar coral jasmine 6 and in Singapore seri gading 7 Despite its common name the species is not a true jasmine and not of the genus Jasminum Nyctanthes arbor tristis Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Oleaceae Genus Nyctanthes Species N arbor tristis Binomial name Nyctanthes arbor tristisL Synonyms 2 Bruschia macrocarpa Bertol Nyctanthes dentata BlumeNyctanthes tristis Salisb Parilium arbor tristis L Gaertn Scabrita scabra L Scabrita triflora L Contents 1 Names 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Uses 5 Culture 6 Literature 7 See also 8 ReferencesNames edit nbsp Fruit in Bardhaman West Bengal India The tree is called the tree of sorrow because the foliage becomes droopy as blooming flowers fall off during early morning 8 The Latin specific epithet arbor tristis means sad tree 8 In Nepal Nyctanthes arbor tristis is known as parijata प र ज त harsinghar sephalika pavalamallikai manjapumaram mannappumaram and siharu 9 In Malaysia it is known as seri gading and in China it is referred to as nai hua or hung mo li 9 Description editNyctanthes arbor tristis is a shrub or a small tree growing to 10 m 33 ft tall with flaky grey bark The leaves are opposite simple 6 12 cm 2 4 4 7 in long and 2 6 5 cm 0 79 2 56 in broad with an entire margin The flowers are fragrant with a five to eight lobed white corolla with an orange red centre they are produced in clusters of two to seven together with individual flowers opening at dusk and finishing at dawn The fruit is a bilobed flat brown heart shaped to round capsule 2 cm 0 79 in diameter each lobe containing a single seed 4 5 Distribution and habitat editN arbor tristis is native to Indo China Himalaya and Sumatera to Jawa 10 It grows in dry deciduous forests and hillsides 11 Uses editThe leaves have been used in Ayurvedic medicine and Homoeopathy for sciatica arthritis and fevers and as a laxative 12 An orange dye from the corolla nyctanthin is used to dye silk 13 In India flowers are used to make garlands and used for worship 8 Culture editThe flower of Nyctanthes arbor tristis is the official state flower of West Bengal and is called shiuli or shefali 13 The native people of Tripura use the plant to help predict weather and rainfall 14 Literature edit nbsp Krishna Uproots the Parijata Tree manuscript from a Bhagavata Purana The parijata is a divine tree featured in Hindu mythology 15 The Mahabharata and the Puranas describe the parijata tree as one of five trees to have emerged during the legend of the Samudra Manthana 16 Krishna is described to have battled with Indra to uproot the parijata from his capital of Amaravati and plant it in his own city of Dvaraka 15 In regional tradition Satyabhama grew aggrieved when Krishna offered his chief consort Rukmini a parijata flower To placate her envy Krishna confronted Indra and had the parijata tree planted near Satyabhama s door Despite having the tree planted near her dwelling the flowers of the tree fell in the adjacent backyard of Rukmini the favourite wife of Krishna because of her superior devotion and humility 17 18 The tree is the subject of a work named Parijatapaharanamu in Telugu literature written by Nandi Thimmana the court poet of Krishnadevaraya 15 The poet Kalidasa sings about the flower in his Sanskrit poem Ritu samhara 8 See also editJasminum sambac Tabernaemontana divaricata Trachelospermum jasminoidesReferences edit IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group Botanic Gardens Conservation International BGCI Lakhey P amp Pathak J 2022 Nyctanthes arbor tristis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022 e T150224828A152201552 Retrieved 23 January 2023 a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Nyctanthes arbor tristis Nyctanthes arbor tristis Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 16 December 2017 a b Flora of Pakistan Nyctanthes arbor tristis a b AgroForestry Tree Database Nyctanthes arbor tristis Archived 2011 07 16 at the Wayback Machine Nyctanthes arbor tristis European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPPO Retrieved 4 December 2023 Nyctanthes arbor tristis National Parks Flora and Fauna Web Retrieved 15 April 2023 a b c d Swaminathan M S Kochhar S L 2019 Major Flowering Trees of Tropical Gardens Cambridge University Press p 258 ISBN 978 1 108 64063 3 a b Quattrocchi Umberto 1999 CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names Common Names Scientific Names Eponyms Synonyms and Etymology CRC Press p 1842 ISBN 978 0 8493 2677 6 Nyctanthes arbor tristis L Plants of the World Online Kew Science Plants of the World Online Retrieved 2023 05 28 Das Debabrata 2023 Medicinal Plants and Traditional Knowledge in the Indian Subcontinent Shashwat Publication ISBN 978 93 95362 22 1 Saxena RS Gupta B Lata S August 2002 Tranquilizing antihistaminic and purgative activity of Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaf extract J Ethnopharmacol 81 3 321 5 doi 10 1016 S0378 8741 02 00088 0 PMID 12127232 a b Krishna Nanditha 2014 Sacred Plants of India Penguin UK ISBN 978 93 5118 691 5 Sandeep Acharya January 2011 Prediction of rainfall variation through flowering phenology of night flowering Jasmine Nyctanthes arbor tristis L Verbenaceae in Tripura Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10 1 96 101 ISSN 0975 1068 a b c Dalal Roshen 2014 04 18 Hinduism An Alphabetical Guide Penguin UK p 917 ISBN 978 81 8475 277 9 Books Kausiki 2021 10 24 Padma Purana Srishti Khanda Part 1 English Translation only without Slokas Kausiki Books p 56 Bryant Edwin Francis 2007 Krishna A Sourcebook Oxford University Press pp 184 185 ISBN 978 0 19 803400 1 Geybels Hans Herck Walter Van 2011 03 17 Humour and Religion Challenges and Ambiguities A amp C Black p 39 ISBN 978 1 4411 6313 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nyctanthes arbor tristis amp oldid 1220980354, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.