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National Film Board of Canada

April 28, 2023

"National Film Board" redirects here. For the Argentine organization, see National Film Board of Argentina.

The National Film Board of Canada (NFB; French: Office national du film du Canada (ONF)) is Canada's public film and digital media producer and distributor. An agency of the Government of Canada, the NFB produces and distributes documentary films, animation, web documentaries, and alternative dramas. In total, the NFB has produced over 13,000 productions since its inception,[1] which have won over 5,000 awards.[2] The NFB reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. It has bilingual production programs and branches in English and French, including multicultural-related documentaries.

National Film Board of Canada
Office national du film du Canada
The “Visionary Man” logo since 2002
NFB headquarters in Montreal
AbbreviationNFB
FoundedMay 2, 1939 (1939-05-02) in Ottawa, Ontario
FounderGovernment of Canada
TypeFederal agency
PurposeFilm and interactive media producer and distributor
HeadquartersMontreal, Quebec, Canada
Official language
English, French
Government Film Commissioner and NFB Chairperson
Claude Joli-Coeur
Websitewww.nfb.ca

History

Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau

 
A group of cameramen who worked for the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1925. Frank Badgley, the bureau's director from 1927 to 1941, is in the background.

The Exhibits and Publicity Bureau was founded on 19 September 1918, and was reorganized into the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1923.[3][4] The organization's budget stagnated and declined during the Great Depression.[5] Frank Badgley, who served as the bureau's director from 1927 to 1941, stated that the bureau needed to transition to sound films or else it would lose its access to theatrical releases, but the organization did not gain the equipment until 1934, and by then it had lost its theatrical distributors.[6][7] Badgley was able to get a 16 mm film facility for the bureau in 1931.[6] The bureau was reorganized into the National Film Board of Canada on 11 June 1941, following John Grierson's recommendation.[8][9][10]

Foundation and early history

 
John Grierson was the first commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada.

Ross McLean was working as the secretary to High Commissioner Vincent Massey when he met Grierson, and asked for Grierson to come to Canada to aide in the governmental film policy. Grierson made a report on the Canadian film industry in 1938, and the National Film Act, which he drafted, was passed on 2 May 1939 causing the creation of the NFB.[11][12][13] The position of Film Commissioner was left vacant for months, as Ned Corbett declined the appointment, until Grierson, who proposed Badgley and Walter Turnbull for the position, accepted the position for six months in October 1939, but served until 1945.[13][14][15] Grierson selected McLean to work as assistant commissioner and Stuart Legg to oversee the productions.[9] Grierson sent in a letter of resignation on 27 November 1940, in protest of the CGMPB and NFB not being merged, but agreed to stay on for another six months and the merger happened.[15][16] Employment rose from 55 to 787 from 1941 to 1945, although it was cut by 40% after the war ended.[17][18]

The Case of Charlie Gordon was the NFB's first English-language film and Un du 22e was its first French-language film.[15] In 1944, Grierson established twelve units to handle production; The World in Action and Canada Carries On, Industrial Relations, Health and Rehabilitation, Newsreel and Armed Forces, Animation, Dominion-Provincial, Travel and Outdoors, Armed Services, Foreign Language Programme, French Language Programme, Agriculture, and Education. Employees were contracted for three months as Grierson believed that job security hurt organizational creativity, but most employees worked longer than three months.[19]

Grierson made efforts to increase the theatrical distribution of NFB films, primarily its war-related films, as he was coordinating wartime information for the United Kingdom in North America. Famous Players aided in distribution and the Canadian Motion Picture War Services Committee, which worked with the War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry, was founded in 1940. NFB productions such as The World in Action was watched by 30-40 million people per month in the United Kingdom and United States in 1943, and Canada Carries On was watched by 2.25 million people by 1944. The audience for NFB newsreels reached 40-50 million per week by 1944.[20]

Grierson opposed feature film production as he believed that Canada did not have a large enough market for an independent feature film industry. He supported working with American film companies and stated that "the theatre film business is an international business, dependent when it comes to distribution on an alliance or understanding with American film interests". He travelled to Hollywood in 1944, and the NFB sent scripts to American companies for consideration.[21]

Norman McLaren founded the NFB's animation unit in 1942, and had George Dunning, René Jodoin, Wolf Koenig, Jean-Paul Ladouceur, Evelyn Lambart, Colin Low, Grant Munro, and Robert Verrall working there within a decade of its creation.[22]

Ross McLean administration

Grierson lacked strong support in the Canadian government and some of his films received opposition from members of the government. Inside Fighting Russia was criticized for its support of the Russian Revolution and Balkan Powderkeg for criticizing the United Kingdom's policy in the Balkans. Grierson and the NFB were attacked during the onset of the Cold War. The Federal Bureau of Investigation created a file on Grierson in 1942, due to the World in Action newsreel being considered too left-wing. Leo Dolan, an ally of Hepburn and the head of the Canadian Government Travel Bureau, accused Grierson of being Jewish and a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation supporter. The Gouzenko Affair implicated Freda Linton, one of Grierson's secretaries, and the organization was criticized by the Progressive Conservative Party for subversive tendencies, financial waste, and being a monopoly. Grierson was also accused of being involved, but was proven not to be.[23][24]

During McLean's tenure film production was divided into four units in 1948. Unit A dealt with agriculture, non-English, and interpretative films, Unit B dealt with sponsored, scientific, cultural, and animated films, Unit C dealt with theatrical, newsreels, tourist, and travel films, and Unit D dealt with international affairs and special projects.[25][26] This system continued until its abolition on 28 February 1964 when it had seven units, five English-language and two French-language.[27][14]

In 1947, Grant McLean, the cousin of the NFB commissioner, shot The People Between and the Secretary of State for External Affairs's department stated that some parts of the film were too favorable towards the Chinese Communist Party.[28] Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis had NFB films removed from schools using accusations of communism.[29]

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police discovered that an employee for the NFB's Production Division, who was a communist, took photos of top-secret military equipment. The Department of National Defence prohibited the NFB from making films for it. Ross McLean followed the recommendations of the department and declared the NFB a vulnerable agency and the RCMP requested the firing of 36 employees.[30] The RCMP requested him to fire a list of employees, McLean refused to fire any employees without their disloyalty being proven. He was not reappointed as commissioner and replaced by William Arthur Irwin in 1950. Irwin reduced the demand and only three were fired.[31][32][33]

Irwin administration

Irwin, the editor of Maclean's, was selected to replace McLean as commissioner of the NFB. The Financial Post, one of the NFB's leading critics and the sister publication of Maclean's, stopped its criticism following Irwin's selection and Kenneth Wilson, one of the NFB's strongest critics, died in a plane crash although Floyd Chalmers, the president of Maclean-Hunter, criticized Irwin for leaving Maclean's.[34]

Film production was centralized under Irwin by having one person oversee the four film units. He selected Donald Mulholland over James Beveridge and Mulholland was criticized for ignoring French-language film production.[25] Unit E, dealing with sponsored work, and Unit F, dealing with French-language films, were created in 1951.[35]

 
The Norman McLaren Building in Saint-Laurent, Montreal, Quebec, former NFB headquarters from 1956 until 2019.

The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences, with Massey as its chair, was formed in 1949. The NFB submitted a brief asking to have a headquarters constructed, budget increases, and to become a Crown corporation.[36] Robert Winters, whose ministry oversaw the NFB, stated that its brief did not represent government policy.[37] The Association of Motion Picture Producers and Laboratories of Canada submitted a brief criticizing a government monopoly, with the NFB's crown corporation request being referred to as an "expansionist, monopolistic psychology", and that they were unable to compete with the NFB as it paid no taxes and was exempt from tariffs.[38] The commission's report supported the NFB and its requests for Crown corporation status and a headquarters were accepted.[39]

In 1950, Irwin wrote to Robert Winters about a report on restructuring the NFB and Winters told Irwin to rewrite the 1939 Film Act as it was outdated by then. The National Film Act was passed in June, and took effect on 14 October.[40]

A Canadian tour by Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip was filmed using 35 mm Eastman colour-film stock, which was not available to the public yet. The film was initially meant to be two reels, worth twenty minutes, but grew to five reels as they could not determine what to cut. Irwin met with Harvey Harnick, the NFB's Columbia theatrical distributor, and J.J. Fitzgibbons, the president of Famous Players, and Fitzgibbons told Irwin that he would screen all five reels if the film was completed for a Christmas release. Royal Journey opened in seventeen first-run theatres and over course of the next two years it was screened in 1,249 Canadian theatres where it was watched by a record two million people and the film was also screened in forty other countries. The film cost $88,000, but the NFB gained a profit of $150,000 and the film's success was one of the reasons Grierson stated that Irwin "saved the Film Board".[41]

The NFB created its first television series, Window on Canada and On the Spot, with the CBC in 1953.[42] However, the CBC opposed increasing the amount of NFB productions as they believed it was hurting CBC's growth. The majority of the filmmakers in the NFB opposed moving into television. Sydney Newman and Gordon Burwash, who supported moving into television, were sent to the United States in 1948 to learn about TV production and NBC was given the right to air NBC productions in exchange. When Newman and Burwash returned they joined the CBC as the NFB was unable to move into television. Half of all productions by the NFB were made to air on television by 1955.[43] In 1956, the CBC's exclusion grew to them making Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans with the expressed prohibition of NFB involvement and rejecting a show by the NFB based on Jake and the Kid.[44]

Trueman administration

 
Albert Trueman was NFB commissioner from 1953 to 1957

Irwin resigned as commissioner in May 1953, and later stated that he wanted to be more involved in film production, but his time was being taken up by administrative purposes. Albert Trueman, president of the University of New Brunswick and a member of the board of governors of the NFB and CBC, was selected by Winters to replace Irwin. A reshuffling of the cabinet had Walter Edward Harris become the new minister responsible for the NFB.[45]

Since the foundation of the NFB its offices were divided across multiple locations in Ottawa and plans created during World War II to construct a single headquarters were not acted upon. Montreal was selected during Irwin's administration due to it bilingualism and two Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television stations being created there. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent reached an agreement with Duplessis to allow the move.[46] Donald Mulholland, the director of production, ended his support for the relocation to Montreal after Irwin's resignation and argued against it. Trueman did not take a position and instead sent the information to Harris. St. Laurent was angered by this and asked Winters if Trueman was attempting to sabotage the relocation and Trueman told Winters that he was just giving Harris information about the situation. The Conservatives criticized the rising cost of the headquarters' construction and attempted to block it, but failed.[47] The building was constructed from 1953 to 1956, at a cost of $5.25 million and served as the NFB's headquarters until 2019.[46][48]

In September 1954, Quebec censors demanded that the NFB pay a censorship fee of $20,500 per year and Trueman wanted to accept it in order to avoid controversy. However, a compromise was reached where the Quebec censors were given one print of each film and if they censored it then all versions would be also censored while the NFB would pay an annual fee between $2,500-3,000.[49]

Pierre Juneau, who was sent to the United Kingdom by Irwin, was brought by Trueman to the NFB as an adviser and secretary in 1953. The creation of two assistant commissioners, one English and one French, with Juneau as the French assistant commissioner was proposed in November 1954, but was rejected by Jack Pickersgill, who replaced Harris, over the course of the next three years. André Laurendeau criticized the NFB for not creating a French-language side. In February 1957, Pickersgill allowed for Juneau to become the executive director and be in charge of financial administration and distribution.[29][50] This was criticized by Montréal-Matin, Le Devoir, L'Action catholique, and other French-language media and Juneau was criticized for demoting Roger Blais, who claimed it was for him criticizing the salary inequality between French and English speakers.[51]

Roberge administration

Trueman accepted the position of commissioner with the promise that he would later be given a more prestigious position. He resigned during the French media criticism to become head of the Canada Council in 1957. He suggested Gérard Pelletier as his successor, but Guy Roberge, a former Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec who had written sections of the Massey report, was selected instead as the first French-Canadian commissioner. Le Devoir supported his selection and the French media ended its criticism of the NFB.[52][53]

Ellen Fairclough, who became the minister responsible for the NFB in May 1958, was not interested with the organization and never saw a film created by the NFB.[54] She declined to interfere in NFB matters despite criticism from Pickersgill, who believed that the minister was responsible for whatever went on at the NFB.[55]

Upon his arrival at the NFB in 1953, Juneau saw the difficulties of communication between French and English speakers and supported creating separate English and French production units.[56] Additional units for French-language film production were created in 1958.[57] A French-language branch of the NFB that was independent of its English-language productions was formed on 1 January 1964, under the leadership of Pierre Juneau. One-third of the NFB's budget was given to French-language productions.[53][58][59]

Drylanders, the organization's first English language feature-length fiction film, was released in 1963.[60] In February 1964, the English-language production units were replaced by a talent pool system where producers had less power and directors had more power. The French-language production units were replaced in September 1968.[61] The pool system lasted until its replacement by the studio system in 1971.[62]

In 1962, Roberge proposed the creation of an organization to aid in film finance based on the National Film Finance Corporation and Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée.[63] The Interdepartmental Committee on the Possible Development of a Feature Film Industry in Canada, under Roberge's leadership, was formed by the secretary of state. The committee submitted a report to the 19th Canadian Ministry for the creation of a loan fund to aid the development of the Canadian film industry. The proposal was approved in October 1965, and legislation, the Canadian Film Development Corporation Act of 1966-67, for its creation was introduced in June 1966, before being approved on 3 March 1967, establishing the Canadian Film Development Corporation.[64]

Denys Arcand, Gilles Carle, Jacques Godbout, Gilles Groulx, and Clément Perron criticized the NFB and its productions in articles written for the Cité Libre. Juneau stated that the articles were a watershed moment in the NFB's history. The men were reprimanded by Roberge.[65] Many employees left the NFB following the reprimands including Michel Brault, Carle, Bernard Gosselin, Groulx, and Arthur Lamothe.[66]

Juneau left the NFB in March 1966, and worked at the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission before becoming president of the CBC. Roberge created the positions of Assistant Government Film Commissioner, held by Grant McLean and Roland Ladouceur, Director of Production for English, held by Julian Biggs, and French, held by Marcel Martin, productions.[67]

Grant McLean administration

Roberge resigned as commissioner on 1 April 1966, and declined to be involved with the selection of his successor. Grant was appointed as the acting commissioner by Judy LaMarsh.[68] LaMarsh was slow on the selection of a permanent commissioner. Grierson supported Grant's selection, but also put forward Newman.[69] Hugo McPherson was selected to become commissioner in April 1967.[70]

Maurice Lamontagne selected Gordon Sheppard, a film producer, to review Canada's cultural policy and his report, Sheppard's Special Report on the Cultural Policy and Activities of the Government of Canada, was critical of the NFB. It criticized the NFB's preference for aesthetics and cultural films instead of informational films. The report called for a reduction in NFB productions and that it should eventually be entirely replaced by private production. The External Affairs Ministry criticized Sheppard stating that he was serving his own interests.[71]

Prior budgets were created by having the commissioner meet with the secretary of state and representatives of the Treasury before being voted on in parliament, but it was changed to having members of the Standing Committee on Broadcasting, Films and Assistance to the Arts question the commissioner and Grant was the first commissioner to go through it.[72]

There had been multiple attempts by the NFB to create a film school and the idea received support from the External Affairs Ministry and the Sheppard Report. However, the Treasury Board of Canada had rejected efforts to fund its creation. Grierson was invited by Grant to report on the possibility of creating a film school. Grierson supported creating a school, if the External Affairs Ministry recommended that production be reduced to free up creative teachers.[73]

The CBC terminated its contracts with the NFB in 1966. The CBC and NFB's relations soured due to the NFB's demand that no commercials be played during their films and the NFB charging $10,000–$15,000 for 30 minute films while a commercial network had received it for $800. The CBC and NFB also co-produced The Ernie Game and Waiting for Caroline which went overbudget by $50,000 and $200,000 respectively.[74]

McPherson administration

 
The NFB suffered from budgetary problems during Pierre Trudeau's tenure as prime minister

In 1967, the Treasury Board limited the NFB's expenditures to $10 million and over the course of two years it was forced to pay for built-in higher salary costs and another salary increase due to an agreement with the SGCT union using existing funds. McPherson asked Pelletier to allow the NFB to spend over $500,000 more than its budget in order to avoiding firing 10% of the NFB's employees, and later asked the Cabinet and Treasury for more funding, but was unsuccessful. McPherson later stated that after his failure with the Treasury he waited for the perfect time to resign.[75]

In 1969, an agreement was reached between the CBC and NFB in which the CBC would be allowed to air commercials during NFB programs.[76] Revenue from sponsored films declined from $2.2 million to $1.6 million by August 1969.[77]

McPherson announced that 10% of the employees would be laid off by 1 January 1970. The employees formed a Crisis Committee under John Howe's leadership and film production was stopped although a strike was not officially called. The committee suggested allowing government sponsors to choose between using the NFB or private companies, allowing outsiders to pay for NFB technical services, creating a unit system where 5-15 people would work together, and creating fees for distribution. McPherson supported the idea of distribution fees and thought that it was the only viable option for the NFB.[78] Pelletier approved the NFB charging $3–12 per day for its films, but they were later removed as being in violation of anti-inflation guidelines.[79][80] Fees would be instituted in 1988.[81]

The Treasury had granted $1 million, $250,000 less than what was requested, in August to cover NFB's salary increases, but McPherson was not informed as ministers hoped he would institute larger budget cuts.[79] An additional $500,000 was free due to lowered production following the Crisis Committee's formation. 63 layoffs were proposed and it was reduced by 17 due to union opposition.[82]

The NFB's computer animation program was suspended due to budget cuts although the NFB's French Animated Studio, founded by René Jodoin in 1966, created Peter Foldes's Metadata in 1971, and the Hunger in 1973.[83] The NFB returned to computer animation in the 1980s.[84] The first usage of videotape by the NFB occurred in 1967, when Claude Jutra and Robert Forget used it for research with children.[85]

Newman and Lamy administrations

 
Sydney Newman was NFB commissioner from 1970 to 1975

Newman, a former NFB director who spent the previous twelve years working on television shows in the United Kingdom, was selected to replaced McPherson as commissioner in 1970, and he selected André Lamy as his assistant commissioner.[86] Faulkner opposed Newman and worked to have Newman not reappointed in July 1975, and he was replaced by Lamy.[87][88]

Lamy criticized multiple French productions, such as Cotton Mill, Treadmill, 24 heures ou plus, and Un pays sans bon sens!, as being too biased or separatist and were ordered to not be released in 1970.[89] Robin Spry was initially denied the ability to film the events of the October Crisis by the English side of the NFB, but was given permission by the French side and the footage was turned into Reaction: A Portrait of a Society in Crisis and Action: The October Crisis of 1970 with some elements censored by Newman.[90] French films banned under Newman's tenure were later released during Lamy's tenure.[91]

Kathleen Shannon attempted to have a division created to focus on films made by and about women due to the coming International Women's Year. Newman and Robert Verrall supported Shannon's attempt to get a $1.3 million budget for a women's department, but it was rejected by the Treasury. Verrall gave Shannon permission to organize Studio D, the first publicly funded feminist film-production unit in the world, in 1974. However, there would be no French version of Studio D until the formation of Studio B in 1986. Studio D produced 125 films before its closure in 1996.[92][93][94]

In 1970, Pelletier called for the creation of a Canadian Film Commission, made up of private and governmental interests, but it was opposed by the NFB, CBC, CFDC, and Library and Archives Canada. However, they did agree to form the Advisory Committee on Film as an ad hoc committee. Pelletier later proposed the Global Film Policy in which the NFB would regionalize and share sponsored productions with the private sector. Pelletier's successor, Hugh Faulkner, replaced the Global Film Policy with the Capital Cost Allowance in which investors could get a 100% tax deduction.[95]

Faulkner proposed to shift the responsibility of sponsored films to the Department of Supply and Services and only give the NFB 30% of the work. However, he was replaced by John Roberts during a shuffling of the cabinet in September 1976. Roberts believed that the CCA resolved the funding problems for the private industry, accepted Lamy's recommendations for interactions with private companies, and declined to have the Department of Supply and Services manage sponsored films.[96] However, 70% of the sponsored work were given to private companies by the end of Lamy's tenure.[97]

A $500,000 budget cut and 2.5% decrease in salaries over two years were implemented in 1975, after initially being threatened with a $1 million cut, as part of a government attempt to save $1 billion.[87] The Public Service Staff Relations Board ruled in 1977 that 99% of the freelance workers at the NFB were employees and the board of governors later recommended the firing of sixty-five people. Federal budget cuts caused Roberts to plan for the NFB's budget to decrease by 10% between 1979 and 1981.[98][99]

Domville administration

Lamy left the NFB and the board of Governors selected James de Beaujeu Domville, who served as deputy film commissioner for seven years, after four months. Domville selected François N. Macerola, the director of French production, as his deputy commissioner.[100] Domville offered to continue on as commissioner for another term after 1984, and his demands were accepted by the board of governors, but chose to leave after Francis Fox declined to accept or deny his renewal.[101]

After the 1979 election Prime Minister Joe Clark changed the ministry responsible for the NFB from the Secretary of State, which managed it since 1963, to the Minister of Communications, then led by David MacDonald. MacDonald supported giving 80% of the sponsored work to private companies and that the NFB only make films that the private companies could not.[102] Domville offered a three-year phase out of NFB doing sponsored work during a meeting with representatives of the Canadian Film and Television Association and Association des Producteurrs de Films du Quebec in 1979. He stated that "sponsored film had become a monkey on the back of English production".[103]

Encyclopædia Britannica reportedly offered to buy the NFB for $100 million (equivalent to $354,000,000 in 2021) in 1979.[104][105]

Fox organized the Applebaum-Hébert Committee under the leadership of Louis Applebaum and Jacques Hébert in 1981.[106] It was the first review of cultural institutions and policies since the Massey Commission.[107] The committee released its report on 15 November 1980, in which it called for the elimination of the government's role in producing and distributing cultural products and to instead give it to the private industry. They believed that the private industry could create an export market to compete with the United States.[108] Fox later decided to allow the NFB continue producing content, but ended their involvement in sponsored content, along with their executive production of sponsored work given to private companies.[109]

Macerola administration

Domville suggested Patrick Watson as his successor and the board of governors accepted him, but Fox declined as he wanted his Film and Video Policy to be considered by the cabinet first. Macerola became the acting commissioner of the NFB. Watson was instead appointed to the board of governors and became president of the CBC in 1989.[110] Macerola left the NFB six months before the expiration of his term in order to join Lavalin in December 1988, and Joan Pennefather became the acting commissioner.[111]

Macerola oversaw a reorganization of the NFB which decreased its distribution offices from twenty-six to twelve and international offices to three.[112] The NFB attempted to create a television channel in the 1980s. Marcel Masse gave them permission to attempt to create Young Canada Television (Tèlè-Jeunesse Canada), but the channel failed in June 1987, as the Department of Communications withdrew its financial support leading to the banks to also withdraw their support.[113] Macerola's Five-Year Operational Plan saw the permanent staff of the NFB fall from 1,085 in 1982, to 728 in 1989, and the amount of work given to freelancers by 1986 was 67% for English productions and 57% for French productions.[114]

The NFB was given a honourary Oscar at the 61st Academy Awards in honour of its fiftieth anniversary.[111]

Documentary

Cinéma vérité and Direct Cinema

In the post-war era, the NFB became a pioneer in new developments in documentary film. The NFB played a key role in both the cinéma vérité and direct cinema movements, working on technical innovations to make its 16 mm synchronized sound equipment more light-weight and portable—most notably the "Sprocketape" portable sound recorder invented for the film board by Ches Beachell in 1955. Influenced by the work of Henri Cartier-Bresson, the NFB's Studio B production unit experimented with cinema verite in its 1958 Candid Eye series. Candid Eye along with such NFB French-language films as Les Raquetteurs (1958) have been credited as helping to inspire the cinéma vérité documentary movement. Other key cinéma vérité films during this period included Lonely Boy (1961) and Ladies and Gentlemen... Mr. Leonard Cohen (1965).[115]

Challenge for Change/Societé Nouvelle

Main article: Challenge for Change

Running from 1967 to 1980, Challenge for Change and its French-language equivalent Societé Nouvelle became a global model for the use of film and portable video technology to create community-based participatory documentary films to promote dialogue on local issues and promote social change. Over two hundred such films were produced, including 27 films about Fogo Island, Newfoundland, directed by Colin Low and early NFB efforts in Indigenous filmmaking, such as Willie Dunn's The Battle of Crowfoot (1968).[115][116]

Indian Film Crew

Main article: Challenge for Change

The Indian Film Crew was an early effort in First Nations filmmaking at the NFB, through its Challenge for Change program, initially proposed by the associate director of the CYC, Jerry Gambill, according to Noel Starblanket. George Stoney was brought in as the first executive producer of Challenge for Change. It was jointly sponsored by the Company of Young Canadians and the Department of Indian Affairs. Barbara Wilson, Tom O’Connor, Noel Starblanket, Roy Daniels, Morris Isaac, Willie Dunn, and Mike Kanentakeron Mitchell were on Canada’s first all-Indigenous production unit, making groundbreaking work that helped galvanize Indigenous movements across the continent.[117]

Giant-screen cinema

NFB documentarians played a key role in the development of the IMAX film format, following the NFB multi-screen experience In the Labyrinth, created for Expo 67 in Montreal. The film was the centrepiece of a $4.5 million pavilion, which attracted over 1.3 million visitors in 1967, and was co-directed by Roman Kroitor, Colin Low and Hugh O'Connor, and produced by Tom Daly and Kroitor. After Expo, Kroitor left the NFB to co-found what would become known as IMAX Corporation, with Graeme Ferguson and Robert Kerr. The NFB continued to be involved with IMAX breakthroughs at subsequent world's fairs, with NFB director Donald Brittain directing the first-ever IMAX film Tiger Child for Expo 70 in Osaka, and with the NFB producing the first full-colour IMAX-3D film Transitions for Expo 86 in Vancouver and the first 48 fps IMAX HD film Momentum for Seville Expo '92.[118]

Alternative drama

In the 1980s, the National Film Board also produced a number of "alternative drama" films, which combined documentary and narrative fiction filmmaking techniques.[119] Generally starring non-professional actors, these films used a documentary format to present a fictionalized story and were generally scripted by the filmmakers and the cast through a process of improvisation, and are thus classified as docufiction.[119]

The alternative drama films were The Masculine Mystique (1984), 90 Days (1985), Sitting in Limbo (1986), The Last Straw (1987), Train of Dreams (1987), Welcome to Canada (1989) and The Company of Strangers (1990).[119]

Animation

 
McLaren drawing on film, 1944
Further information: Category:National Film Board of Canada animated short films

When Norman McLaren joined the organization in 1941, the NFB began production of animation. The animation department eventually gained distinction, particularly with the pioneering work of McLaren, an internationally recognized experimental filmmaker. The NFB's French-language animation unit was founded in 1966 by René Jodoin.[120]

Drawn-on-film animation

When McLaren joined the NFB, his first film at the film board was the drawn-on-film short, Mail Early. He would go on to refine his technique make a series of hand-drawn films at the NFB during and after the Second World War, most notably Boogie-Doodle (1940), Hen Hop (1942), Begone Dull Care (1949) and Blinkity Blank (1955).[121]

Pinscreen animation

The NFB was a pioneer in several novel techniques such as pinscreen animation, and as of June 2012, the NFB is reported to have the only working animation pinscreen in the world.[122]

Stop-motion animation

McLaren's Oscar-winning Neighbours popularized the form of character movement referred to as pixilation, a variant of stop motion. The term pixilation itself was created by NFB animator Grant Munro in an experimental film of the same name. In 2015, the NFB's animation studios were credited as helping to lead a revival in stop-motion animation in Canada, building on the tradition of NFB animators such as McLaren and Co Hoedeman.[123]

Computer animation

The NFB was a pioneer in computer animation, releasing one of the first CGI films, the Oscar-nominated Hunger, in 1974, then forming its Centre d'animatique in 1980 to develop new CGI technologies.[124] Staff at the Centre d'animatique included Daniel Langlois, who left in 1986 to form Softimage.[125]

The NFB was licensed by IMAX Corporation to develop new artistic applications using its SANDDE system for hand-drawn stereoscopic computer animation, with the NFB producing a number of films including Falling in Love Again (2003) and Subconscious Password (2013).[126]

Traditional animation

Traditional animators included Richard Condie, John Weldon, Alison Snowden, Janet Perlman, Cordell Barker, Brad Caslor, Michael Mills, Paul Driessen among others (some draw on paper rather than cels).

Sand animation

Caroline Leaf used this technique on films such as The Metamorphosis Of Mr. Samsa and The Owl Who Married A Goose. The Sand Castle was the first (and so far only) sand animation to win an Oscar.

Paint on glass animation

Wendy Tilby animated Strings using paint (gouache mixed with glycerine) on glass. This ‘under the camera’ technique was invented and perfected by Caroline Leaf in her film The Street.

Interactive

Works

As of March 2013, the NFB devotes one quarter of its production budget to interactive media, including web documentaries.[127][128] The NFB is a pioneer in interactive web documentaries, helping to position Canada as a major player in digital storytelling, according to transmedia creator Anita Ondine Smith,[129] as well as Shari Frilot, programmer for Sundance Film Festival's New Frontier program for digital media.[130]

Welcome to Pine Point received two Webby Awards while Out My Window, an interactive project from the NFB's Highrise project, won the IDFA DocLab Award for Digital Storytelling and an International Digital Emmy Award.[131]

Loc Dao is the executive producer and "creative technologist" responsible for NFB English-language digital content and strategy, based in the Woodward's Building in Vancouver. Jeremy Mendes is an interactive artist producing English-language interactive works for the NFB, whose projects include a collaboration with Leanne Allison (Being Caribou, Finding Farley) on the webdoc Bear 71.[132]

Dao's counterpart for French-language interactive media production at the NFB is Hugues Sweeney, based in Montreal. Sweeney's recent credits include the online interactive animation work, Bla Bla.[133][134]

Virtual reality

The NFB is also recognized as a leader in virtual reality,[135] with works such as the Webby Award-winning The Unknown Photographer, Way to Go and Cardboard Crash.[136]

Platforms

In January 2009, the NFB launched its online Screening Room, NFB.ca, offering Canadian and international web users the ability to stream hundreds of NFB films for free as well as embed links in blogs and social sites.[137][138] By mid-2013, the NFB's digital platforms had received approximately 41 million views.[139]

In October 2009, the NFB launched an iPhone application that was downloaded more than 170,000 times and led to more than 500,000 film views in the first four months.[140] In January 2010, the NFB added high-definition and 3D films to the over 1400 productions available for viewing online.[141] The NFB introduced a free iPad application in July 2010,[142] followed by its first app for the Android platform in March 2011.[143] When the BlackBerry PlayBook launched on April 19, 2011, it included a pre-loaded app offering access to 1,500 NFB titles.[144][145] In January 2013, it was announced that the NFB film app would be available for the BlackBerry 10, via the BlackBerry World app store.[146]

In September 2011, the NFB and the Montreal French-language daily Le Devoir announced that they would jointly host three interactive essays on their websites, ONF.ca and ledevoir.com.[147] The NFB is a partner with China's ifeng.com on NFB Zone, the first Canadian-branded web channel in China, with 130 NFB animated shorts and documentary films available on the company's digital platforms.[148] NFB documentaries are also available on Netflix Canada.[149]

In April 2013, the NFB announced that it was "seeking commercial partners to establish a subscription service for Internet television and mobile platforms next year. The service would be available internationally and would feature documentaries from around the world as well as the NFB’s own catalogue."[150] As of April 2015, NFB.ca offered VOD films from partners Excentris and First Weekend Club along with NFB productions, with over 450 English and French VOD titles scheduled to be added in 2015.[151]

Indigenous production

On June 20, 2017, the NFB announced a three-year plan entitled "Redefining the NFB's Relationship with Indigenous Peoples" that commits the organization to hiring more Indigenous staff, designating 15% of its production spending for Indigenous works and offering cross-cultural training to all employees. The plan also sees the NFB building on its relationships with Canadian schools and organizations to create more educational materials about Indigenous peoples in Canada.[152][153]

One of the most notable filmmakers in the history of the NFB is Alanis Obomsawin, an Abenaki director who will be completing her 50th film with the NFB in 2017.[154]

Programs

One of the earliest programs were the Indian Film Crews (1968–70, 1971–73) under the Challenge for Change program, mentioned above also.

Inuit film and animation

In November 2011, the NFB and partners including the Inuit Relations Secretariat and the Government of Nunavut introduced a DVD and online collection entitled Unikkausivut: Sharing Our Stories, makes over 100 NFB films by and about Inuit available in Inuktitut and other Inuit languages, as well as English and French.[155][156]

In November 2006, the National Film Board of Canada and the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation announced the start of the Nunavut Animation Lab, offering animation training to Nunavut artists.[157] Films from the Nunavut Animation Lab include Alethea Arnaquq-Baril's 2010 digital animation short Lumaajuuq, winner of the Best Aboriginal Award at the Golden Sheaf Awards and named Best Canadian Short Drama at the imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival.[158]

First Stories and Second Stories

In 2005, the NFB introduced its "First Stories" program for emerging Indigenous directors from Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Twelve five-minute films were produced through the program, with four from each province. First Stories was followed by "Second Stories," in which three filmmakers from the previous program—Gerald Auger, Tessa Desnomie and Lorne Olson—were invited back to create 20 minute films.[159]<[160]

Wapikoni Mobile

The NFB was a founding partner in Wapikoni Mobile, a mobile film and media production unit for emerging First Nations filmmakers in Quebec.[161]

Women's production

The NFB has been a leader in films by women, with the world's first publicly funded women's film's studio, Studio D, followed subsequently by its French-language equivalent, Studio des femmes.[citation needed] Beginning on March 8, 2016, International Women's Day, the NFB began introducing a series of gender parity initiatives.

Studio D

Main article: Studio D

In 1974, in conjunction with International Women's Year, the NFB created Studio D on the recommendation of long-time employee Kathleen Shannon. Shannon was designated as Executive Director of the new studio—the first government-funded film studio dedicated to women filmmakers in the world— which became one of the NFB's most celebrated filmmaking units, winning awards and breaking distribution records.[115][162][163]

Notable films produced by the studio include three Academy Award-winning documentaries I'll Find a Way (1977), If You Love This Planet (1982) and Flamenco at 5:15 (1983), as well as Not a Love Story (1982) and Forbidden Love: The Unashamed Stories of Lesbian Lives (1992). Studio D was shut down in 1996, amidst a sweeping set of federal government budget cuts, which impacted the NFB as a whole.[115]

As of March 8, 2016, researchers and librarians at the University of Calgary announced an archival project to preserve records of Studio D.[164]

Gender parity initiatives

On March 8, 2016, NFB head Claude Joli-Coeur announced a new gender-parity initiative, with the NFB committing that half of all its production spending will be earmarked for films directed by women.[165][166] The following year, the NFB announced that it also plans to achieve gender balance by 2020 in such creative positions as editing, scriptwriting, musical composition, cinematography and artistic direction. As of 2017, 53% of its producers and executive producers are women, as well as half of its administrative council.[167][168]

While it is claiming success, directing credits and budget shares have barely changed. In 2016–2017, 44 per cent of NFB productions were directed by women (compared to 51 per cent directed by men and five per cent by mixed teams). Budget-wise, 43 per cent of production funds were given to projects led by women (vs. 40 per cent to projects directed by men and 15 per cent to ones overseen by mixed teams).[169] In 2018–2019, 48% of NFB works were directed by women (38% by men and 14% by mixed teams), and 44% of the NFB production budget was allocated to works created by women (41% for works by men and 15% for works by mixed teams).[1] Production personnel are between 10 and 25%.[169]

Training

NFB training programs include:

Animation

Hothouse, a program for emerging animators that marked its tenth anniversary in 2015.[170] Notable Hothouse alumni include Academy Award nominee Patrick Doyon, part of its 2006 edition.[171] Cinéaste recherché(e) is a similar program for French-language emerging animators. Past graduates include Michèle Cournoyer, who took part in the program's 9th edition in 1989.[172]

Theatrical documentaries

A collaboration with the Canadian Film Centre on a theatrical documentary development program. First launched in January 2009, the program has led to the production of Sarah Polley’s Stories We Tell, Yung Chang‘s The Fruit Hunters and Su Rynard’s The Messenger. In May 2015, the CFC and NFB announced a new version of the program entitled the NFB/CFC Creative Doc Lab.[173]

NFB structure

Branches and studios

As of 2015, the NFB is organized along the following branches:[174]

  • Director General, Creation and Innovation: René Bourdages.[175] The heads of the NFB's English and French production branches are Michelle van Beusekom and Michèle Bélanger, respectively.
  • Finance, Operations and Technology: Director General: Luisa Frate
  • Marketing and Communications: Director General: Jérôme Dufour
  • Digital Platforms: Chief Digital Officer: Loc Dao.[176]
  • Human Resources: Director General: François Tremblay

With six regional studios in English Program:

  • Digital Studio in Vancouver, headed by Executive Producer Rob McLaughlin
  • Animation Studio based in Montreal, headed by Executive Producer Michael Fukushima[177] and Producers Maral Mohammadian and Jelena Popović[178]
  • Atlantic Centre based in Halifax, headed by Executive Producer John Christou and Producer Paul McNeill
  • Quebec Centre based in Montreal, also headed by Executive Producer John Christou
  • Ontario Centre based in Toronto, headed by Executive Producer Anita Lee[179] and Producer Lea Marin
  • North West Centre based in Edmonton, headed by Executive Producer David Christensen and Producer Bonnie Thompson
  • Pacific and Yukon Centre based in Vancouver, headed by Executive Producer Shirley Vercruysse.[180]
  • With small satellite offices in Winnipeg and St. John's.[181]

And four regional studios in French Program:

  • Interactive Studio in Montreal, headed by Executive Producer Hugues Sweeney
  • Ontario and West Studio based in Toronto, headed by Executive Producer: Jacques Turgeon
  • Quebec Studio based in Montreal, also headed by Executive Producer: Jacques Turgeon
  • French Animation and Youth Studio based in Montreal, headed by Executive Producer: Julie Roy and Producer: Marc Bertrand[178]
  • Studio Acadie/Acadia Studio based in Moncton, headed by Executive Producer: Jacques Turgeon and Producer: Maryse Chapdelaine
  • René Chénier, formerly head of French Animation, is Executive Producer of Special Projects[178]

Former studios and departments

Still Photography Division

Upon its merger with the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1941, the NFB's mandate expanded to include motion as well as still pictures, resulting in the creation of the Still Photography Division of the NFB.

 
Montreal CineRobotheque, July 2008.

From 1941 to 1984, the Division commissioned freelance photographers to document every aspect of life in Canada. These images were widely distributed through publication in various media.

In 1985, this Division officially became the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography.[182]

The division's work is the subject of a 2013 book by Carleton University art professor Carol Payne entitled The Official Picture: The National Film Board of Canada’s Still Photography Division and the Image of Canada, 1941-1971, published by the McGill-Queen's University Press.[183]

Facilities in Montreal and Toronto

As part of the 2012 budget cuts, the NFB announced that it was forced to close its Toronto Mediatheque and Montreal CineRobotheque public facilities.[184] They ceased to operate as of September 1, 2012.[185] In September 2013, the Université du Québec à Montréal announced that it had acquired the CineRobotheque for its communications faculty.[186]

People

Further information: Category:National Film Board of Canada people

Government Film Commissioners

As stipulated in the National Film Act of 1950, the person who holds the position of Government Film Commissioner is the head of the NFB. As of December 2014, the 16th commissioner of the NFB is Claude Joli-Coeur, who first joined the NFB in 2003 and had previously served as interim commissioner.[187]

Past NFB Commissioners
Notable NFB filmmakers, artisans and staff

Awards

Film and television awards

Over the years, the NFB has been internationally recognized with more than 5000 film awards.[191][192] In 2009, Norman McLaren's Neighbours was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme, listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world.[193]

Canadian Screen Awards

The NFB has received more than 90 awards from the Canadian Film Awards, the Genie Awards and the Canadian Screen Awards, including a Special Achievement Genie in 1989 for its 50th anniversary. The following is an incomplete list:

Winners:

Nominated:

Academy Awards

The National Film Board of Canada has received 12 Academy Awards to date. It has received 74 Oscar nominations, more than any film organization in the world outside Hollywood.[194] The first-ever Oscar for documentary went to the NFB production, Churchill's Island. In 1989, it received an Honorary Award from the Academy "in recognition of its 50th anniversary and its dedicated commitment to originate artistic, creative and technological activity and excellence in every area of filmmaking."[195] On January 23, 2007, the NFB received its 12th and most recent Academy Award, for the animated short The Danish Poet, directed by Torill Kove and co-produced with MikroFilm AS (Norway).[196] 55 of the NFB's 75 Oscar nominations have been for its short films.[197]

Winners:

Nominated: (incomplete list)

Golden Sheaf Awards

The NFB has received more than 110 Golden Sheaf Awards from the Yorkton Film Festival. The following is an incomplete list of the winners.

Winners:

Peabody Awards

As of April 2014, the NFB has received five Peabody Awards, for the web documentary A Short History of the Highrise,[229] co-produced with The New York Times; the Rezolution Pictures/NFB co-production Reel Injun (2011);[230] Karen Shopsowitz's NFB documentary My Father's Camera (2002),[231] the NFB/Télé-Action co-produced mini-series The Boys of St. Vincent (1995)[232] and the NFB documentary Fat Chance (1994).[233]

Annie Awards

NFB Annie Awards nominations include:

Nominated: (incomplete list)

Interactive awards

In June 2011, NFB received the Award of Excellence in Interactive Programming from the Banff World Media Festival.[234] In August 2011, the NFB received an outstanding technical achievement in digital media award from the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television.[235]

Webby Awards

As of 2016, NFB web documentaries have won 17 Webby Awards, presented International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences for excellence on the internet. Filmmaker-in-Residence, a project by Katerina Cizek about St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, was named best online documentary series at the 2008 Webbys.[236] In 2010, the NFB website Waterlife, on the state of the Great Lakes, won in the Documentary: Individual Episode category.[237] In 2011, Welcome to Pine Point received two Webbys, for Documentary: Individual Episode in the Online Film & Video category and Net art in the Websites category.[citation needed] In 2012, the NFB received two more Webbys, for Bla Bla (best web art) and God's Lake Narrows (best use of photography).[238] In 2013, Bear 71 received the Webby for best net art.[239] In 2014, the interactive photo essay The Last Hunt received a People’s Voice Award Webby for best navigation/structure.[240] In 2015, the NFB-co-produced webdoc Seven Digital Deadly Sins received three People's Voice Awards, chosen by the public online, at the 2015 Webby Awards.[241]

At the 2016 awards, the NFB received six more Webbys: Way to Go received the Webby and People's Voice awards in the Web/NetArt category as well as the Webby for Online Film & Video/VR: Gaming, Interactive or Real-Time. The Unknown Photographer won the People's Voice award in the Online Film & Video/VR: Gaming, Interactive or Real-Time category, while Universe Within received the Webby for Online Film & Video/Best Use of Interactive Video, and Cardboard Crash VR for Google Cardboard won in the category of Online Film & Video/VR: Gaming, Interactive or Real-time (Branded).[136]

Others

  • 1980: Inkpot Award[242]
  • 2009: Adobe Site of the Day Waterlife
  • 2009: Applied Arts Interactive Annual, Selected Capturing Reality
  • 2009: CNMA (Canadian New Media Awards), Winner- Best Cross Platform Project Waterlife
  • 2009: Digital Marketing Awards, Winner- Best of Show Waterlife
  • 2009: Digital Marketing Awards, Winner-DMA Award Capturing Reality
  • 2009: Hot Docs, Winner- Special Jury Prize Waterlife
  • 2009: On Line Journalism Awards, Winner- Best Multi Media Feature Presentation Waterlife
  • 2010: Adobe Site of the Day The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Annual, Selected The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Entertainment, Arts and Tourism Holy Mountain
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Entertainment, Arts and Tourism NFB
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Experimental and Artistic Flub and Utter
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Experimental and Artistic The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Net Art Holy Mountain
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – On Line Video Flub and Utter
  • 2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Public Service Charity The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2010: BaKaFORUM, Winner- Youth Jury Prize Waterlife
  • 2010: CNMA (Canadian New Media Awards), Best On Line Program GDP
  • 2010: CNMA (Canadian New Media Awards), Community Campaign of the Year The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2010: Communication Arts Interactive Annual, Selected Waterlife
  • 2010: Communication Arts, Web Pick of the Week The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2010: Emmy Awards, International Digital Emmy, Non Fiction Highrise-Out My Window
  • 2010: On Line Journalism Awards, Winner- Multi Media Feature Presentation, Small Site This Land
  • 2010: SXSW Interactive, Winner, Activism Category Waterlife
  • 2010: The FWA, Site of the Day NFB Interactive November 11, 2010
  • 2010: The FWA, Site of the Day The Test Tube with David Suzuki October 5, 2010
  • 2010: The FWA, Site of the Day Waterlife June 24, 2010
  • 2010: IDFA Doc Lab, Winner-Digital Storytelling Highrise-Out My Window
  • 2010: SXSW Interactive, Winner-Activism Category Waterlife
  • 2011: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner-Entertainment, Arts & Tourism Main Street
  • 2011: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner-Entertainment, Arts & Tourism This Land
  • 2011: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner-Entertainment, Arts & Tourism Welcome to Pine Point
  • 2011: Banff World Television Festival, Interactive Rockie Awards, Winner- Best On Line Program – Documentary Welcome to Pine Point
  • 2011: Bellaria (Italy) Documentary Festival, Best Cross Media Doc Welcome to Pine Point
  • 2011: Communication Arts Interactive Annual, Selected The Test Tube with David Suzuki
  • 2011: Communication Arts, Web Pick of the Day Welcome to Pine Point
  • 2011: FITC, Winner, Audio in Flash Highrise-Out My Window
  • 2011: FITC, Winner, Flash Narrative Welcome to Pine Point
  • 2011: The FWA, Site of the Day Crash Course January 9, 2011
  • 2011: The FWA, Site of the Day Welcome to Pine Point February 22, 2011
  • 2011: The FWA, Site of the Day Holy Mountain January 17, 2011
  • 2011: The Favourite Website Awards (FWA), Site of the Day Highrise- Out My Window January 28, 2011
  • 2011: Banff World Television Festival, Interactive Rockie Awards, Winner- Best Francophone – Documentary Holy Mountain
  • 2011: Sheffield Documentary Festival, Innovation Documentary Award Welcome to Pine Point
  • 2012: Digi Awards (formerly Canadian New Media Awards), Best in Canadian culture Burquette (with Attraction Images and Turbulent Media)[243]
  • 2012: Digi Awards (formerly Canadian New Media Awards), Best in web series, non-fiction Bear 71[243]
  • 2014: FITC, Winner, Experimental, The Last Hunt[240]

Controversy

In addition to Neighbours, other NFB productions have been the source of controversy, including two NFB productions broadcast on CBC Television that criticized the role of Canadians in wartime led to questions in the Senate of Canada.

In the early 1970s, two Quebec political documentaries, Arcand's On est au coton and Gilles Groulx's 24 heures ou plus, were initially withheld from release by the NFB due to controversial content.[244]

The Kid Who Couldn't Miss (1982) cast doubt on the accomplishments of Canadian World War I flying ace Billy Bishop, sparking widespread outrage, including complaints in the Senate subcommittee on Veterans' Affairs.[245]

A decade later, The Valour and the Horror outraged some when it suggested that there was incompetence on the part of Canadian military command, and that Canadian soldiers had committed unprosecuted war crimes against German soldiers. The series became the subject of an inquiry by the Senate.

Other controversial productions included the 1981 film Not a Love Story: A Film About Pornography, a 1981 Studio D documentary critiquing pornography that was itself banned in the province of Ontario on the basis of pornographic content.[246] Released the following year, If You Love This Planet, winner of the Academy Award for best documentary short subject, was labelled foreign propaganda under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 in the United States.[247]

NFB on TV

The NFB is a minority owner of the digital television channel, Documentary in Canada. NFB-branded series Retrovision appeared on VisionTV, along with the French-language Carnets ONF series on APTN. Moreover, in 1997 the American cable channel Cartoon Network created a weekly 30-minute show called O Canada specifically showcasing a compilation of NFB-produced works; the segment was discontinued in favour of Adult Swim.[248]

 
1993–2002 logo

The Board's logo consists of a standing stylized figure (originally green) with its arms wide upward. The arms are met by an arch that mirrors them. The round head in between then resembles a pupil, making the entire symbol appear to be an eye with legs. Launched in 1968, the logo symbolized a vision of humanity and was called "Man Seeing / L'homme qui voit". It was designed by Georges Beaupré. It was updated in 2002 by the firm of Paprika Communications.[249]

NFB in popular media

See also

References

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Works cited

Further reading

  • Druick, Zoë (2007). Projecting Canada: Government Policy and Documentary Film at the National Film Board of Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-3259-5.
  • Terry Kolomeychuk, ed. (1991). Donald Brittain:Never the Ordinary Way. Winnipeg: National Film Board of Canada. ISBN 0-7722-0188-9.
  • Low, Brian J. (February 2002). . Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 978-0-88920-386-0. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  • McInnes, Graham (November 2004). Walz, Gene (ed.). One Man's Documentary: A Memoir of the Early Years of the National Film Board. Winnipeg, Man.: University of Manitoba Press. ISBN 9780887556791.
  • Challenge for Change: Activist Documentary at the National Film Board of Canada (2010). Thomas Waugh, Michael Brendan Baker, Ezra Winton (eds). Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Film Board of Canada.

April 28, 2023
national, film, board, canada, national, film, board, redirects, here, argentine, organization, national, film, board, argentina, french, office, national, film, canada, canada, public, film, digital, media, producer, distributor, agency, government, canada, p. National Film Board redirects here For the Argentine organization see National Film Board of Argentina The National Film Board of Canada NFB French Office national du film du Canada ONF is Canada s public film and digital media producer and distributor An agency of the Government of Canada the NFB produces and distributes documentary films animation web documentaries and alternative dramas In total the NFB has produced over 13 000 productions since its inception 1 which have won over 5 000 awards 2 The NFB reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage It has bilingual production programs and branches in English and French including multicultural related documentaries National Film Board of Canada Office national du film du CanadaThe Visionary Man logo since 2002NFB headquarters in MontrealAbbreviationNFBFoundedMay 2 1939 1939 05 02 in Ottawa OntarioFounderGovernment of CanadaTypeFederal agencyPurposeFilm and interactive media producer and distributorHeadquartersMontreal Quebec CanadaOfficial languageEnglish FrenchGovernment Film Commissioner and NFB ChairpersonClaude Joli CoeurWebsitewww wbr nfb wbr ca Contents 1 History 1 1 Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau 1 2 Foundation and early history 1 3 Ross McLean administration 1 4 Irwin administration 1 5 Trueman administration 1 6 Roberge administration 1 7 Grant McLean administration 1 8 McPherson administration 1 9 Newman and Lamy administrations 1 10 Domville administration 1 11 Macerola administration 2 Documentary 2 1 Cinema verite and Direct Cinema 2 2 Challenge for Change Societe Nouvelle 2 2 1 Indian Film Crew 2 3 Giant screen cinema 2 4 Alternative drama 3 Animation 3 1 Drawn on film animation 3 2 Pinscreen animation 3 3 Stop motion animation 3 4 Computer animation 3 5 Traditional animation 3 6 Sand animation 3 7 Paint on glass animation 4 Interactive 4 1 Works 4 1 1 Virtual reality 4 2 Platforms 5 Indigenous production 5 1 Programs 5 1 1 Inuit film and animation 5 1 2 First Stories and Second Stories 5 1 3 Wapikoni Mobile 6 Women s production 6 1 Studio D 6 2 Gender parity initiatives 7 Training 7 1 Animation 7 2 Theatrical documentaries 8 NFB structure 8 1 Branches and studios 8 2 Former studios and departments 8 2 1 Still Photography Division 8 2 2 Facilities in Montreal and Toronto 9 People 9 1 Government Film Commissioners 10 Awards 10 1 Film and television awards 10 1 1 Canadian Screen Awards 10 1 2 Academy Awards 10 1 3 Golden Sheaf Awards 10 1 4 Peabody Awards 10 1 5 Annie Awards 10 2 Interactive awards 10 2 1 Webby Awards 10 2 2 Others 11 Controversy 12 NFB on TV 13 Logo 14 NFB in popular media 15 See also 16 References 17 Works cited 18 Further reading 19 External linksHistory EditCanadian Government Motion Picture Bureau Edit A group of cameramen who worked for the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1925 Frank Badgley the bureau s director from 1927 to 1941 is in the background The Exhibits and Publicity Bureau was founded on 19 September 1918 and was reorganized into the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1923 3 4 The organization s budget stagnated and declined during the Great Depression 5 Frank Badgley who served as the bureau s director from 1927 to 1941 stated that the bureau needed to transition to sound films or else it would lose its access to theatrical releases but the organization did not gain the equipment until 1934 and by then it had lost its theatrical distributors 6 7 Badgley was able to get a 16 mm film facility for the bureau in 1931 6 The bureau was reorganized into the National Film Board of Canada on 11 June 1941 following John Grierson s recommendation 8 9 10 Foundation and early history Edit John Grierson was the first commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada Ross McLean was working as the secretary to High Commissioner Vincent Massey when he met Grierson and asked for Grierson to come to Canada to aide in the governmental film policy Grierson made a report on the Canadian film industry in 1938 and the National Film Act which he drafted was passed on 2 May 1939 causing the creation of the NFB 11 12 13 The position of Film Commissioner was left vacant for months as Ned Corbett declined the appointment until Grierson who proposed Badgley and Walter Turnbull for the position accepted the position for six months in October 1939 but served until 1945 13 14 15 Grierson selected McLean to work as assistant commissioner and Stuart Legg to oversee the productions 9 Grierson sent in a letter of resignation on 27 November 1940 in protest of the CGMPB and NFB not being merged but agreed to stay on for another six months and the merger happened 15 16 Employment rose from 55 to 787 from 1941 to 1945 although it was cut by 40 after the war ended 17 18 The Case of Charlie Gordon was the NFB s first English language film and Un du 22e was its first French language film 15 In 1944 Grierson established twelve units to handle production The World in Action and Canada Carries On Industrial Relations Health and Rehabilitation Newsreel and Armed Forces Animation Dominion Provincial Travel and Outdoors Armed Services Foreign Language Programme French Language Programme Agriculture and Education Employees were contracted for three months as Grierson believed that job security hurt organizational creativity but most employees worked longer than three months 19 Grierson made efforts to increase the theatrical distribution of NFB films primarily its war related films as he was coordinating wartime information for the United Kingdom in North America Famous Players aided in distribution and the Canadian Motion Picture War Services Committee which worked with the War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry was founded in 1940 NFB productions such as The World in Action was watched by 30 40 million people per month in the United Kingdom and United States in 1943 and Canada Carries On was watched by 2 25 million people by 1944 The audience for NFB newsreels reached 40 50 million per week by 1944 20 Grierson opposed feature film production as he believed that Canada did not have a large enough market for an independent feature film industry He supported working with American film companies and stated that the theatre film business is an international business dependent when it comes to distribution on an alliance or understanding with American film interests He travelled to Hollywood in 1944 and the NFB sent scripts to American companies for consideration 21 Norman McLaren founded the NFB s animation unit in 1942 and had George Dunning Rene Jodoin Wolf Koenig Jean Paul Ladouceur Evelyn Lambart Colin Low Grant Munro and Robert Verrall working there within a decade of its creation 22 Ross McLean administration Edit Grierson lacked strong support in the Canadian government and some of his films received opposition from members of the government Inside Fighting Russia was criticized for its support of the Russian Revolution and Balkan Powderkeg for criticizing the United Kingdom s policy in the Balkans Grierson and the NFB were attacked during the onset of the Cold War The Federal Bureau of Investigation created a file on Grierson in 1942 due to the World in Action newsreel being considered too left wing Leo Dolan an ally of Hepburn and the head of the Canadian Government Travel Bureau accused Grierson of being Jewish and a Co operative Commonwealth Federation supporter The Gouzenko Affair implicated Freda Linton one of Grierson s secretaries and the organization was criticized by the Progressive Conservative Party for subversive tendencies financial waste and being a monopoly Grierson was also accused of being involved but was proven not to be 23 24 During McLean s tenure film production was divided into four units in 1948 Unit A dealt with agriculture non English and interpretative films Unit B dealt with sponsored scientific cultural and animated films Unit C dealt with theatrical newsreels tourist and travel films and Unit D dealt with international affairs and special projects 25 26 This system continued until its abolition on 28 February 1964 when it had seven units five English language and two French language 27 14 In 1947 Grant McLean the cousin of the NFB commissioner shot The People Between and the Secretary of State for External Affairs s department stated that some parts of the film were too favorable towards the Chinese Communist Party 28 Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis had NFB films removed from schools using accusations of communism 29 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police discovered that an employee for the NFB s Production Division who was a communist took photos of top secret military equipment The Department of National Defence prohibited the NFB from making films for it Ross McLean followed the recommendations of the department and declared the NFB a vulnerable agency and the RCMP requested the firing of 36 employees 30 The RCMP requested him to fire a list of employees McLean refused to fire any employees without their disloyalty being proven He was not reappointed as commissioner and replaced by William Arthur Irwin in 1950 Irwin reduced the demand and only three were fired 31 32 33 Irwin administration Edit Irwin the editor of Maclean s was selected to replace McLean as commissioner of the NFB The Financial Post one of the NFB s leading critics and the sister publication of Maclean s stopped its criticism following Irwin s selection and Kenneth Wilson one of the NFB s strongest critics died in a plane crash although Floyd Chalmers the president of Maclean Hunter criticized Irwin for leaving Maclean s 34 Film production was centralized under Irwin by having one person oversee the four film units He selected Donald Mulholland over James Beveridge and Mulholland was criticized for ignoring French language film production 25 Unit E dealing with sponsored work and Unit F dealing with French language films were created in 1951 35 The Norman McLaren Building in Saint Laurent Montreal Quebec former NFB headquarters from 1956 until 2019 The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts Letters and Sciences with Massey as its chair was formed in 1949 The NFB submitted a brief asking to have a headquarters constructed budget increases and to become a Crown corporation 36 Robert Winters whose ministry oversaw the NFB stated that its brief did not represent government policy 37 The Association of Motion Picture Producers and Laboratories of Canada submitted a brief criticizing a government monopoly with the NFB s crown corporation request being referred to as an expansionist monopolistic psychology and that they were unable to compete with the NFB as it paid no taxes and was exempt from tariffs 38 The commission s report supported the NFB and its requests for Crown corporation status and a headquarters were accepted 39 In 1950 Irwin wrote to Robert Winters about a report on restructuring the NFB and Winters told Irwin to rewrite the 1939 Film Act as it was outdated by then The National Film Act was passed in June and took effect on 14 October 40 A Canadian tour by Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip was filmed using 35 mm Eastman colour film stock which was not available to the public yet The film was initially meant to be two reels worth twenty minutes but grew to five reels as they could not determine what to cut Irwin met with Harvey Harnick the NFB s Columbia theatrical distributor and J J Fitzgibbons the president of Famous Players and Fitzgibbons told Irwin that he would screen all five reels if the film was completed for a Christmas release Royal Journey opened in seventeen first run theatres and over course of the next two years it was screened in 1 249 Canadian theatres where it was watched by a record two million people and the film was also screened in forty other countries The film cost 88 000 but the NFB gained a profit of 150 000 and the film s success was one of the reasons Grierson stated that Irwin saved the Film Board 41 The NFB created its first television series Window on Canada and On the Spot with the CBC in 1953 42 However the CBC opposed increasing the amount of NFB productions as they believed it was hurting CBC s growth The majority of the filmmakers in the NFB opposed moving into television Sydney Newman and Gordon Burwash who supported moving into television were sent to the United States in 1948 to learn about TV production and NBC was given the right to air NBC productions in exchange When Newman and Burwash returned they joined the CBC as the NFB was unable to move into television Half of all productions by the NFB were made to air on television by 1955 43 In 1956 the CBC s exclusion grew to them making Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans with the expressed prohibition of NFB involvement and rejecting a show by the NFB based on Jake and the Kid 44 Trueman administration Edit Albert Trueman was NFB commissioner from 1953 to 1957 Irwin resigned as commissioner in May 1953 and later stated that he wanted to be more involved in film production but his time was being taken up by administrative purposes Albert Trueman president of the University of New Brunswick and a member of the board of governors of the NFB and CBC was selected by Winters to replace Irwin A reshuffling of the cabinet had Walter Edward Harris become the new minister responsible for the NFB 45 Since the foundation of the NFB its offices were divided across multiple locations in Ottawa and plans created during World War II to construct a single headquarters were not acted upon Montreal was selected during Irwin s administration due to it bilingualism and two Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television stations being created there Prime Minister Louis St Laurent reached an agreement with Duplessis to allow the move 46 Donald Mulholland the director of production ended his support for the relocation to Montreal after Irwin s resignation and argued against it Trueman did not take a position and instead sent the information to Harris St Laurent was angered by this and asked Winters if Trueman was attempting to sabotage the relocation and Trueman told Winters that he was just giving Harris information about the situation The Conservatives criticized the rising cost of the headquarters construction and attempted to block it but failed 47 The building was constructed from 1953 to 1956 at a cost of 5 25 million and served as the NFB s headquarters until 2019 46 48 In September 1954 Quebec censors demanded that the NFB pay a censorship fee of 20 500 per year and Trueman wanted to accept it in order to avoid controversy However a compromise was reached where the Quebec censors were given one print of each film and if they censored it then all versions would be also censored while the NFB would pay an annual fee between 2 500 3 000 49 Pierre Juneau who was sent to the United Kingdom by Irwin was brought by Trueman to the NFB as an adviser and secretary in 1953 The creation of two assistant commissioners one English and one French with Juneau as the French assistant commissioner was proposed in November 1954 but was rejected by Jack Pickersgill who replaced Harris over the course of the next three years Andre Laurendeau criticized the NFB for not creating a French language side In February 1957 Pickersgill allowed for Juneau to become the executive director and be in charge of financial administration and distribution 29 50 This was criticized by Montreal Matin Le Devoir L Action catholique and other French language media and Juneau was criticized for demoting Roger Blais who claimed it was for him criticizing the salary inequality between French and English speakers 51 Roberge administration Edit Trueman accepted the position of commissioner with the promise that he would later be given a more prestigious position He resigned during the French media criticism to become head of the Canada Council in 1957 He suggested Gerard Pelletier as his successor but Guy Roberge a former Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec who had written sections of the Massey report was selected instead as the first French Canadian commissioner Le Devoir supported his selection and the French media ended its criticism of the NFB 52 53 Ellen Fairclough who became the minister responsible for the NFB in May 1958 was not interested with the organization and never saw a film created by the NFB 54 She declined to interfere in NFB matters despite criticism from Pickersgill who believed that the minister was responsible for whatever went on at the NFB 55 Upon his arrival at the NFB in 1953 Juneau saw the difficulties of communication between French and English speakers and supported creating separate English and French production units 56 Additional units for French language film production were created in 1958 57 A French language branch of the NFB that was independent of its English language productions was formed on 1 January 1964 under the leadership of Pierre Juneau One third of the NFB s budget was given to French language productions 53 58 59 Drylanders the organization s first English language feature length fiction film was released in 1963 60 In February 1964 the English language production units were replaced by a talent pool system where producers had less power and directors had more power The French language production units were replaced in September 1968 61 The pool system lasted until its replacement by the studio system in 1971 62 In 1962 Roberge proposed the creation of an organization to aid in film finance based on the National Film Finance Corporation and Centre national du cinema et de l image animee 63 The Interdepartmental Committee on the Possible Development of a Feature Film Industry in Canada under Roberge s leadership was formed by the secretary of state The committee submitted a report to the 19th Canadian Ministry for the creation of a loan fund to aid the development of the Canadian film industry The proposal was approved in October 1965 and legislation the Canadian Film Development Corporation Act of 1966 67 for its creation was introduced in June 1966 before being approved on 3 March 1967 establishing the Canadian Film Development Corporation 64 Denys Arcand Gilles Carle Jacques Godbout Gilles Groulx and Clement Perron criticized the NFB and its productions in articles written for the Cite Libre Juneau stated that the articles were a watershed moment in the NFB s history The men were reprimanded by Roberge 65 Many employees left the NFB following the reprimands including Michel Brault Carle Bernard Gosselin Groulx and Arthur Lamothe 66 Juneau left the NFB in March 1966 and worked at the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission before becoming president of the CBC Roberge created the positions of Assistant Government Film Commissioner held by Grant McLean and Roland Ladouceur Director of Production for English held by Julian Biggs and French held by Marcel Martin productions 67 Grant McLean administration Edit Roberge resigned as commissioner on 1 April 1966 and declined to be involved with the selection of his successor Grant was appointed as the acting commissioner by Judy LaMarsh 68 LaMarsh was slow on the selection of a permanent commissioner Grierson supported Grant s selection but also put forward Newman 69 Hugo McPherson was selected to become commissioner in April 1967 70 Maurice Lamontagne selected Gordon Sheppard a film producer to review Canada s cultural policy and his report Sheppard s Special Report on the Cultural Policy and Activities of the Government of Canada was critical of the NFB It criticized the NFB s preference for aesthetics and cultural films instead of informational films The report called for a reduction in NFB productions and that it should eventually be entirely replaced by private production The External Affairs Ministry criticized Sheppard stating that he was serving his own interests 71 Prior budgets were created by having the commissioner meet with the secretary of state and representatives of the Treasury before being voted on in parliament but it was changed to having members of the Standing Committee on Broadcasting Films and Assistance to the Arts question the commissioner and Grant was the first commissioner to go through it 72 There had been multiple attempts by the NFB to create a film school and the idea received support from the External Affairs Ministry and the Sheppard Report However the Treasury Board of Canada had rejected efforts to fund its creation Grierson was invited by Grant to report on the possibility of creating a film school Grierson supported creating a school if the External Affairs Ministry recommended that production be reduced to free up creative teachers 73 The CBC terminated its contracts with the NFB in 1966 The CBC and NFB s relations soured due to the NFB s demand that no commercials be played during their films and the NFB charging 10 000 15 000 for 30 minute films while a commercial network had received it for 800 The CBC and NFB also co produced The Ernie Game and Waiting for Caroline which went overbudget by 50 000 and 200 000 respectively 74 McPherson administration Edit The NFB suffered from budgetary problems during Pierre Trudeau s tenure as prime minister In 1967 the Treasury Board limited the NFB s expenditures to 10 million and over the course of two years it was forced to pay for built in higher salary costs and another salary increase due to an agreement with the SGCT union using existing funds McPherson asked Pelletier to allow the NFB to spend over 500 000 more than its budget in order to avoiding firing 10 of the NFB s employees and later asked the Cabinet and Treasury for more funding but was unsuccessful McPherson later stated that after his failure with the Treasury he waited for the perfect time to resign 75 In 1969 an agreement was reached between the CBC and NFB in which the CBC would be allowed to air commercials during NFB programs 76 Revenue from sponsored films declined from 2 2 million to 1 6 million by August 1969 77 McPherson announced that 10 of the employees would be laid off by 1 January 1970 The employees formed a Crisis Committee under John Howe s leadership and film production was stopped although a strike was not officially called The committee suggested allowing government sponsors to choose between using the NFB or private companies allowing outsiders to pay for NFB technical services creating a unit system where 5 15 people would work together and creating fees for distribution McPherson supported the idea of distribution fees and thought that it was the only viable option for the NFB 78 Pelletier approved the NFB charging 3 12 per day for its films but they were later removed as being in violation of anti inflation guidelines 79 80 Fees would be instituted in 1988 81 The Treasury had granted 1 million 250 000 less than what was requested in August to cover NFB s salary increases but McPherson was not informed as ministers hoped he would institute larger budget cuts 79 An additional 500 000 was free due to lowered production following the Crisis Committee s formation 63 layoffs were proposed and it was reduced by 17 due to union opposition 82 The NFB s computer animation program was suspended due to budget cuts although the NFB s French Animated Studio founded by Rene Jodoin in 1966 created Peter Foldes s Metadata in 1971 and the Hunger in 1973 83 The NFB returned to computer animation in the 1980s 84 The first usage of videotape by the NFB occurred in 1967 when Claude Jutra and Robert Forget used it for research with children 85 Newman and Lamy administrations Edit Sydney Newman was NFB commissioner from 1970 to 1975 Newman a former NFB director who spent the previous twelve years working on television shows in the United Kingdom was selected to replaced McPherson as commissioner in 1970 and he selected Andre Lamy as his assistant commissioner 86 Faulkner opposed Newman and worked to have Newman not reappointed in July 1975 and he was replaced by Lamy 87 88 Lamy criticized multiple French productions such as Cotton Mill Treadmill 24 heures ou plus and Un pays sans bon sens as being too biased or separatist and were ordered to not be released in 1970 89 Robin Spry was initially denied the ability to film the events of the October Crisis by the English side of the NFB but was given permission by the French side and the footage was turned into Reaction A Portrait of a Society in Crisis and Action The October Crisis of 1970 with some elements censored by Newman 90 French films banned under Newman s tenure were later released during Lamy s tenure 91 Kathleen Shannon attempted to have a division created to focus on films made by and about women due to the coming International Women s Year Newman and Robert Verrall supported Shannon s attempt to get a 1 3 million budget for a women s department but it was rejected by the Treasury Verrall gave Shannon permission to organize Studio D the first publicly funded feminist film production unit in the world in 1974 However there would be no French version of Studio D until the formation of Studio B in 1986 Studio D produced 125 films before its closure in 1996 92 93 94 In 1970 Pelletier called for the creation of a Canadian Film Commission made up of private and governmental interests but it was opposed by the NFB CBC CFDC and Library and Archives Canada However they did agree to form the Advisory Committee on Film as an ad hoc committee Pelletier later proposed the Global Film Policy in which the NFB would regionalize and share sponsored productions with the private sector Pelletier s successor Hugh Faulkner replaced the Global Film Policy with the Capital Cost Allowance in which investors could get a 100 tax deduction 95 Faulkner proposed to shift the responsibility of sponsored films to the Department of Supply and Services and only give the NFB 30 of the work However he was replaced by John Roberts during a shuffling of the cabinet in September 1976 Roberts believed that the CCA resolved the funding problems for the private industry accepted Lamy s recommendations for interactions with private companies and declined to have the Department of Supply and Services manage sponsored films 96 However 70 of the sponsored work were given to private companies by the end of Lamy s tenure 97 A 500 000 budget cut and 2 5 decrease in salaries over two years were implemented in 1975 after initially being threatened with a 1 million cut as part of a government attempt to save 1 billion 87 The Public Service Staff Relations Board ruled in 1977 that 99 of the freelance workers at the NFB were employees and the board of governors later recommended the firing of sixty five people Federal budget cuts caused Roberts to plan for the NFB s budget to decrease by 10 between 1979 and 1981 98 99 Domville administration Edit Lamy left the NFB and the board of Governors selected James de Beaujeu Domville who served as deputy film commissioner for seven years after four months Domville selected Francois N Macerola the director of French production as his deputy commissioner 100 Domville offered to continue on as commissioner for another term after 1984 and his demands were accepted by the board of governors but chose to leave after Francis Fox declined to accept or deny his renewal 101 After the 1979 election Prime Minister Joe Clark changed the ministry responsible for the NFB from the Secretary of State which managed it since 1963 to the Minister of Communications then led by David MacDonald MacDonald supported giving 80 of the sponsored work to private companies and that the NFB only make films that the private companies could not 102 Domville offered a three year phase out of NFB doing sponsored work during a meeting with representatives of the Canadian Film and Television Association and Association des Producteurrs de Films du Quebec in 1979 He stated that sponsored film had become a monkey on the back of English production 103 Encyclopaedia Britannica reportedly offered to buy the NFB for 100 million equivalent to 354 000 000 in 2021 in 1979 104 105 Fox organized the Applebaum Hebert Committee under the leadership of Louis Applebaum and Jacques Hebert in 1981 106 It was the first review of cultural institutions and policies since the Massey Commission 107 The committee released its report on 15 November 1980 in which it called for the elimination of the government s role in producing and distributing cultural products and to instead give it to the private industry They believed that the private industry could create an export market to compete with the United States 108 Fox later decided to allow the NFB continue producing content but ended their involvement in sponsored content along with their executive production of sponsored work given to private companies 109 Macerola administration Edit Domville suggested Patrick Watson as his successor and the board of governors accepted him but Fox declined as he wanted his Film and Video Policy to be considered by the cabinet first Macerola became the acting commissioner of the NFB Watson was instead appointed to the board of governors and became president of the CBC in 1989 110 Macerola left the NFB six months before the expiration of his term in order to join Lavalin in December 1988 and Joan Pennefather became the acting commissioner 111 Macerola oversaw a reorganization of the NFB which decreased its distribution offices from twenty six to twelve and international offices to three 112 The NFB attempted to create a television channel in the 1980s Marcel Masse gave them permission to attempt to create Young Canada Television Tele Jeunesse Canada but the channel failed in June 1987 as the Department of Communications withdrew its financial support leading to the banks to also withdraw their support 113 Macerola s Five Year Operational Plan saw the permanent staff of the NFB fall from 1 085 in 1982 to 728 in 1989 and the amount of work given to freelancers by 1986 was 67 for English productions and 57 for French productions 114 The NFB was given a honourary Oscar at the 61st Academy Awards in honour of its fiftieth anniversary 111 Documentary EditCinema verite and Direct Cinema Edit In the post war era the NFB became a pioneer in new developments in documentary film The NFB played a key role in both the cinema verite and direct cinema movements working on technical innovations to make its 16 mm synchronized sound equipment more light weight and portable most notably the Sprocketape portable sound recorder invented for the film board by Ches Beachell in 1955 Influenced by the work of Henri Cartier Bresson the NFB s Studio B production unit experimented with cinema verite in its 1958 Candid Eye series Candid Eye along with such NFB French language films as Les Raquetteurs 1958 have been credited as helping to inspire the cinema verite documentary movement Other key cinema verite films during this period included Lonely Boy 1961 and Ladies and Gentlemen Mr Leonard Cohen 1965 115 Challenge for Change Societe Nouvelle Edit Main article Challenge for Change Running from 1967 to 1980 Challenge for Change and its French language equivalent Societe Nouvelle became a global model for the use of film and portable video technology to create community based participatory documentary films to promote dialogue on local issues and promote social change Over two hundred such films were produced including 27 films about Fogo Island Newfoundland directed by Colin Low and early NFB efforts in Indigenous filmmaking such as Willie Dunn s The Battle of Crowfoot 1968 115 116 Indian Film Crew Edit Main article Challenge for Change The Indian Film Crew was an early effort in First Nations filmmaking at the NFB through its Challenge for Change program initially proposed by the associate director of the CYC Jerry Gambill according to Noel Starblanket George Stoney was brought in as the first executive producer of Challenge for Change It was jointly sponsored by the Company of Young Canadians and the Department of Indian Affairs Barbara Wilson Tom O Connor Noel Starblanket Roy Daniels Morris Isaac Willie Dunn and Mike Kanentakeron Mitchell were on Canada s first all Indigenous production unit making groundbreaking work that helped galvanize Indigenous movements across the continent 117 Giant screen cinema Edit NFB documentarians played a key role in the development of the IMAX film format following the NFB multi screen experience In the Labyrinth created for Expo 67 in Montreal The film was the centrepiece of a 4 5 million pavilion which attracted over 1 3 million visitors in 1967 and was co directed by Roman Kroitor Colin Low and Hugh O Connor and produced by Tom Daly and Kroitor After Expo Kroitor left the NFB to co found what would become known as IMAX Corporation with Graeme Ferguson and Robert Kerr The NFB continued to be involved with IMAX breakthroughs at subsequent world s fairs with NFB director Donald Brittain directing the first ever IMAX film Tiger Child for Expo 70 in Osaka and with the NFB producing the first full colour IMAX 3D film Transitions for Expo 86 in Vancouver and the first 48 fps IMAX HD film Momentum for Seville Expo 92 118 Alternative drama Edit In the 1980s the National Film Board also produced a number of alternative drama films which combined documentary and narrative fiction filmmaking techniques 119 Generally starring non professional actors these films used a documentary format to present a fictionalized story and were generally scripted by the filmmakers and the cast through a process of improvisation and are thus classified as docufiction 119 The alternative drama films were The Masculine Mystique 1984 90 Days 1985 Sitting in Limbo 1986 The Last Straw 1987 Train of Dreams 1987 Welcome to Canada 1989 and The Company of Strangers 1990 119 Animation Edit McLaren drawing on film 1944 Further information Category National Film Board of Canada animated short films When Norman McLaren joined the organization in 1941 the NFB began production of animation The animation department eventually gained distinction particularly with the pioneering work of McLaren an internationally recognized experimental filmmaker The NFB s French language animation unit was founded in 1966 by Rene Jodoin 120 Drawn on film animation Edit When McLaren joined the NFB his first film at the film board was the drawn on film short Mail Early He would go on to refine his technique make a series of hand drawn films at the NFB during and after the Second World War most notably Boogie Doodle 1940 Hen Hop 1942 Begone Dull Care 1949 and Blinkity Blank 1955 121 Pinscreen animation Edit The NFB was a pioneer in several novel techniques such as pinscreen animation and as of June 2012 the NFB is reported to have the only working animation pinscreen in the world 122 Stop motion animation Edit McLaren s Oscar winning Neighbours popularized the form of character movement referred to as pixilation a variant of stop motion The term pixilation itself was created by NFB animator Grant Munro in an experimental film of the same name In 2015 the NFB s animation studios were credited as helping to lead a revival in stop motion animation in Canada building on the tradition of NFB animators such as McLaren and Co Hoedeman 123 Computer animation Edit The NFB was a pioneer in computer animation releasing one of the first CGI films the Oscar nominated Hunger in 1974 then forming its Centre d animatique in 1980 to develop new CGI technologies 124 Staff at the Centre d animatique included Daniel Langlois who left in 1986 to form Softimage 125 The NFB was licensed by IMAX Corporation to develop new artistic applications using its SANDDE system for hand drawn stereoscopic computer animation with the NFB producing a number of films including Falling in Love Again 2003 and Subconscious Password 2013 126 Traditional animation Edit Traditional animators included Richard Condie John Weldon Alison Snowden Janet Perlman Cordell Barker Brad Caslor Michael Mills Paul Driessen among others some draw on paper rather than cels Sand animation Edit Caroline Leaf used this technique on films such as The Metamorphosis Of Mr Samsa and The Owl Who Married A Goose The Sand Castle was the first and so far only sand animation to win an Oscar Paint on glass animation Edit Wendy Tilby animated Strings using paint gouache mixed with glycerine on glass This under the camera technique was invented and perfected by Caroline Leaf in her film The Street Interactive EditWorks Edit As of March 2013 the NFB devotes one quarter of its production budget to interactive media including web documentaries 127 128 The NFB is a pioneer in interactive web documentaries helping to position Canada as a major player in digital storytelling according to transmedia creator Anita Ondine Smith 129 as well as Shari Frilot programmer for Sundance Film Festival s New Frontier program for digital media 130 Welcome to Pine Point received two Webby Awards while Out My Window an interactive project from the NFB s Highrise project won the IDFA DocLab Award for Digital Storytelling and an International Digital Emmy Award 131 Loc Dao is the executive producer and creative technologist responsible for NFB English language digital content and strategy based in the Woodward s Building in Vancouver Jeremy Mendes is an interactive artist producing English language interactive works for the NFB whose projects include a collaboration with Leanne Allison Being Caribou Finding Farley on the webdoc Bear 71 132 Dao s counterpart for French language interactive media production at the NFB is Hugues Sweeney based in Montreal Sweeney s recent credits include the online interactive animation work Bla Bla 133 134 Virtual reality Edit The NFB is also recognized as a leader in virtual reality 135 with works such as the Webby Award winning The Unknown Photographer Way to Go and Cardboard Crash 136 Platforms Edit In January 2009 the NFB launched its online Screening Room NFB ca offering Canadian and international web users the ability to stream hundreds of NFB films for free as well as embed links in blogs and social sites 137 138 By mid 2013 the NFB s digital platforms had received approximately 41 million views 139 In October 2009 the NFB launched an iPhone application that was downloaded more than 170 000 times and led to more than 500 000 film views in the first four months 140 In January 2010 the NFB added high definition and 3D films to the over 1400 productions available for viewing online 141 The NFB introduced a free iPad application in July 2010 142 followed by its first app for the Android platform in March 2011 143 When the BlackBerry PlayBook launched on April 19 2011 it included a pre loaded app offering access to 1 500 NFB titles 144 145 In January 2013 it was announced that the NFB film app would be available for the BlackBerry 10 via the BlackBerry World app store 146 In September 2011 the NFB and the Montreal French language daily Le Devoir announced that they would jointly host three interactive essays on their websites ONF ca and ledevoir com 147 The NFB is a partner with China s ifeng com on NFB Zone the first Canadian branded web channel in China with 130 NFB animated shorts and documentary films available on the company s digital platforms 148 NFB documentaries are also available on Netflix Canada 149 In April 2013 the NFB announced that it was seeking commercial partners to establish a subscription service for Internet television and mobile platforms next year The service would be available internationally and would feature documentaries from around the world as well as the NFB s own catalogue 150 As of April 2015 NFB ca offered VOD films from partners Excentris and First Weekend Club along with NFB productions with over 450 English and French VOD titles scheduled to be added in 2015 151 Indigenous production EditOn June 20 2017 the NFB announced a three year plan entitled Redefining the NFB s Relationship with Indigenous Peoples that commits the organization to hiring more Indigenous staff designating 15 of its production spending for Indigenous works and offering cross cultural training to all employees The plan also sees the NFB building on its relationships with Canadian schools and organizations to create more educational materials about Indigenous peoples in Canada 152 153 One of the most notable filmmakers in the history of the NFB is Alanis Obomsawin an Abenaki director who will be completing her 50th film with the NFB in 2017 154 Programs Edit One of the earliest programs were the Indian Film Crews 1968 70 1971 73 under the Challenge for Change program mentioned above also Inuit film and animation Edit In November 2011 the NFB and partners including the Inuit Relations Secretariat and the Government of Nunavut introduced a DVD and online collection entitled Unikkausivut Sharing Our Stories makes over 100 NFB films by and about Inuit available in Inuktitut and other Inuit languages as well as English and French 155 156 In November 2006 the National Film Board of Canada and the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation announced the start of the Nunavut Animation Lab offering animation training to Nunavut artists 157 Films from the Nunavut Animation Lab include Alethea Arnaquq Baril s 2010 digital animation short Lumaajuuq winner of the Best Aboriginal Award at the Golden Sheaf Awards and named Best Canadian Short Drama at the imagineNATIVE Film Media Arts Festival 158 First Stories and Second Stories Edit In 2005 the NFB introduced its First Stories program for emerging Indigenous directors from Alberta Saskatchewan and Manitoba Twelve five minute films were produced through the program with four from each province First Stories was followed by Second Stories in which three filmmakers from the previous program Gerald Auger Tessa Desnomie and Lorne Olson were invited back to create 20 minute films 159 lt 160 Wapikoni Mobile Edit The NFB was a founding partner in Wapikoni Mobile a mobile film and media production unit for emerging First Nations filmmakers in Quebec 161 Women s production EditThe NFB has been a leader in films by women with the world s first publicly funded women s film s studio Studio D followed subsequently by its French language equivalent Studio des femmes citation needed Beginning on March 8 2016 International Women s Day the NFB began introducing a series of gender parity initiatives Studio D Edit Main article Studio D In 1974 in conjunction with International Women s Year the NFB created Studio D on the recommendation of long time employee Kathleen Shannon Shannon was designated as Executive Director of the new studio the first government funded film studio dedicated to women filmmakers in the world which became one of the NFB s most celebrated filmmaking units winning awards and breaking distribution records 115 162 163 Notable films produced by the studio include three Academy Award winning documentaries I ll Find a Way 1977 If You Love This Planet 1982 and Flamenco at 5 15 1983 as well as Not a Love Story 1982 and Forbidden Love The Unashamed Stories of Lesbian Lives 1992 Studio D was shut down in 1996 amidst a sweeping set of federal government budget cuts which impacted the NFB as a whole 115 As of March 8 2016 researchers and librarians at the University of Calgary announced an archival project to preserve records of Studio D 164 Gender parity initiatives Edit On March 8 2016 NFB head Claude Joli Coeur announced a new gender parity initiative with the NFB committing that half of all its production spending will be earmarked for films directed by women 165 166 The following year the NFB announced that it also plans to achieve gender balance by 2020 in such creative positions as editing scriptwriting musical composition cinematography and artistic direction As of 2017 53 of its producers and executive producers are women as well as half of its administrative council 167 168 While it is claiming success directing credits and budget shares have barely changed In 2016 2017 44 per cent of NFB productions were directed by women compared to 51 per cent directed by men and five per cent by mixed teams Budget wise 43 per cent of production funds were given to projects led by women vs 40 per cent to projects directed by men and 15 per cent to ones overseen by mixed teams 169 In 2018 2019 48 of NFB works were directed by women 38 by men and 14 by mixed teams and 44 of the NFB production budget was allocated to works created by women 41 for works by men and 15 for works by mixed teams 1 Production personnel are between 10 and 25 169 Training EditNFB training programs include Animation Edit Hothouse a program for emerging animators that marked its tenth anniversary in 2015 170 Notable Hothouse alumni include Academy Award nominee Patrick Doyon part of its 2006 edition 171 Cineaste recherche e is a similar program for French language emerging animators Past graduates include Michele Cournoyer who took part in the program s 9th edition in 1989 172 Theatrical documentaries Edit A collaboration with the Canadian Film Centre on a theatrical documentary development program First launched in January 2009 the program has led to the production of Sarah Polley s Stories We Tell Yung Chang s The Fruit Hunters and Su Rynard s The Messenger In May 2015 the CFC and NFB announced a new version of the program entitled the NFB CFC Creative Doc Lab 173 NFB structure EditBranches and studios Edit As of 2015 the NFB is organized along the following branches 174 Director General Creation and Innovation Rene Bourdages 175 The heads of the NFB s English and French production branches are Michelle van Beusekom and Michele Belanger respectively Finance Operations and Technology Director General Luisa Frate Marketing and Communications Director General Jerome Dufour Digital Platforms Chief Digital Officer Loc Dao 176 Human Resources Director General Francois TremblayWith six regional studios in English Program Digital Studio in Vancouver headed by Executive Producer Rob McLaughlin Animation Studio based in Montreal headed by Executive Producer Michael Fukushima 177 and Producers Maral Mohammadian and Jelena Popovic 178 Atlantic Centre based in Halifax headed by Executive Producer John Christou and Producer Paul McNeill Quebec Centre based in Montreal also headed by Executive Producer John Christou Ontario Centre based in Toronto headed by Executive Producer Anita Lee 179 and Producer Lea Marin North West Centre based in Edmonton headed by Executive Producer David Christensen and Producer Bonnie Thompson Pacific and Yukon Centre based in Vancouver headed by Executive Producer Shirley Vercruysse 180 With small satellite offices in Winnipeg and St John s 181 And four regional studios in French Program Interactive Studio in Montreal headed by Executive Producer Hugues Sweeney Ontario and West Studio based in Toronto headed by Executive Producer Jacques Turgeon Quebec Studio based in Montreal also headed by Executive Producer Jacques Turgeon French Animation and Youth Studio based in Montreal headed by Executive Producer Julie Roy and Producer Marc Bertrand 178 Studio Acadie Acadia Studio based in Moncton headed by Executive Producer Jacques Turgeon and Producer Maryse Chapdelaine Rene Chenier formerly head of French Animation is Executive Producer of Special Projects 178 Former studios and departments Edit Still Photography Division Edit Upon its merger with the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1941 the NFB s mandate expanded to include motion as well as still pictures resulting in the creation of the Still Photography Division of the NFB Montreal CineRobotheque July 2008 From 1941 to 1984 the Division commissioned freelance photographers to document every aspect of life in Canada These images were widely distributed through publication in various media In 1985 this Division officially became the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography 182 The division s work is the subject of a 2013 book by Carleton University art professor Carol Payne entitled The Official Picture The National Film Board of Canada s Still Photography Division and the Image of Canada 1941 1971 published by the McGill Queen s University Press 183 Facilities in Montreal and Toronto Edit As part of the 2012 budget cuts the NFB announced that it was forced to close its Toronto Mediatheque and Montreal CineRobotheque public facilities 184 They ceased to operate as of September 1 2012 185 In September 2013 the Universite du Quebec a Montreal announced that it had acquired the CineRobotheque for its communications faculty 186 People EditFurther information Category National Film Board of Canada people Government Film Commissioners Edit As stipulated in the National Film Act of 1950 the person who holds the position of Government Film Commissioner is the head of the NFB As of December 2014 the 16th commissioner of the NFB is Claude Joli Coeur who first joined the NFB in 2003 and had previously served as interim commissioner 187 Past NFB CommissionersJohn Grierson 1939 1945 Ross McLean 1945 1947 interim 1947 1950 W Arthur Irwin 1950 1953 Albert W Trueman 1953 1957 Guy Roberge 1957 1966 Grant McLean 1966 1967 interim Hugo McPherson 1967 1970 Sydney Newman 1970 1975 Andre Lamy 1975 1979 James de Beaujeu Domville 1979 1984 Francois N Macerola 1984 1988 Joan Pennefather 1988 1994 Sandra M Macdonald 1995 2001 Jacques Bensimon 2001 2006 188 Tom Perlmutter 2007 to 2013 189 190 Notable NFB filmmakers artisans and staffMichel Brault Donald Brittain Richard Condie John Grierson NFB founder Guy Glover producer Co Hoedeman Rene Jodoin French animation founder Kalle Lasn Arthur Lipsett Colin Low Bill Mason Norman McLaren animation founder Grant Munro Alanis Obomsawin Gudrun Parker Ishu Patel Eldon Rathburn composer Terence Macartney Filgate Marcel Carriere Tom Daly Roman Kroitor Wolf Koenig Ryan Larkin Tanya Ballantyne Anne Claire Poirier William Greaves Stanley Jackson Boyce Richardson Michael SpencerAwards EditFilm and television awards Edit Over the years the NFB has been internationally recognized with more than 5000 film awards 191 192 In 2009 Norman McLaren s Neighbours was added to UNESCO s Memory of the World Programme listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world 193 Canadian Screen Awards Edit The NFB has received more than 90 awards from the Canadian Film Awards the Genie Awards and the Canadian Screen Awards including a Special Achievement Genie in 1989 for its 50th anniversary The following is an incomplete list Winners 1970 Best Public Affairs Film A Little Fellow From Gambo The Joey Smallwood Story 1985 7th Genie Awards Best Animated Short The Big Snit Richard Condie and Michael Scott 1985 8th Genie Awards Best Animated Short Get a Job Brad Caslor Michael Scott and Derek Mazur 1986 Best Feature Length Documentary Final Offer 1988 10th Genie Awards Best Animated Short The Cat Came Back Cordell Barker and Richard Condie Nominated 1982 3rd Genie Awards Top Priority Ishu Patel 1985 7th Genie Awards Paradise Paradis Ishu Patel Academy Awards Edit The National Film Board of Canada has received 12 Academy Awards to date It has received 74 Oscar nominations more than any film organization in the world outside Hollywood 194 The first ever Oscar for documentary went to the NFB production Churchill s Island In 1989 it received an Honorary Award from the Academy in recognition of its 50th anniversary and its dedicated commitment to originate artistic creative and technological activity and excellence in every area of filmmaking 195 On January 23 2007 the NFB received its 12th and most recent Academy Award for the animated short The Danish Poet directed by Torill Kove and co produced with MikroFilm AS Norway 196 55 of the NFB s 75 Oscar nominations have been for its short films 197 Winners 1941 Best Documentary Short Subject Churchill s Island Stuart Legg 1952 Best Documentary Short Subject Neighbours Norman McLaren 1977 Best Animated Short Film The Sand Castle Co Hoedeman 207 208 1977 Best Live Action Short Film I ll Find a Way Beverly Shaffer 207 208 1978 Best Animated Short Film Special Delivery Eunice Macaulay and John Weldon 206 1979 Best Animated Short Film Every Child Eugene Fedorenko 205 1982 Best Documentary Short Subject If You Love This Planet Terri Nash 204 1983 Best Documentary Short Subject Flamenco at 5 15 Cynthia Scott 1988 Academy Honorary Award National Film Board 195 203 1994 Best Animated Short Film Bob s Birthday Alison Snowden and David Fine 201 202 2004 Best Animated Short Film Ryan Chris Landreth 199 200 2006 Best Animated Short Film The Danish Poet Torill Kove 198 Nominated incomplete list 1941 Best Documentary Short Warclouds in the Pacific Stuart Legg 1942 Best Documentary Short Inside Fighting China Stuart Legg 1949 Best Documentary Short The Rising Tide Jean Palardy 1950 Best Documentary Short The Fight Science Against Cancer Morten Parker 1952 Best Animated Short Film The Romance of Transportation in Canada Colin Low 228 1952 Best Live Action Short Film Neighbours Norman McLaren 1953 Best Live Action Short Film Herring Hunt Julian Biggs 1954 Best Documentary Feature The Stratford Adventure Morten Parker 1957 Best Live Action Short Film A Chairy Tale Norman McLaren Claude Jutra 1957 Best Live Action Short Film City of Gold Colin Low Wolf Koenig 1958 Best Documentary Short Overture Gian Luigi Polidoro 1958 Best Documentary Short The Living Stone John Feeney 1960 Best Documentary Short Universe Colin Low Roman Kroitor 1961 Best Live Action Short Film Very Nice Very Nice Arthur Lipsett 1963 Best Animated Short Film My Financial Career Gerald Potterton 227 1964 Best Animated Short Film Christmas Cracker Norman McLaren Jeff Hale Gerald Potterton and Grant Munro 226 1964 Best Documentary Short Eskimo Artist Kenojuak John Feeney 1966 Best Animated Short Film The Drag Carlos Marchiori prod Wolf Koenig and Robert Verrall 225 1966 Best Documentary Feature Helicopter Canada Eugene Boyko 1967 Best Animated Short Film What on Earth Les Drew and Kaj Pindal 224 1967 Best Live Action Short Film Paddle to the Sea Bill Mason 1968 Best Animated Short Film The House That Jack Built Ron Tunis 223 1969 Best Animated Short Film Walking Ryan Larkin 222 1971 Best Live Action Short Film Blake Bill Mason 1972 Best Animated Short Film Evolution Michael Mills 221 1974 Best Animated Short Film Hunger Peter Foldes prod Rene Jodoin 220 1974 Best Animated Short Film The Family That Dwelt Apart Yvon Mallette 220 1975 Best Animated Short Film Monsieur Pointu Bernard Longpre and Andre Leduc prod Rene Jodoin 219 1976 Best Animated Short Film The Street Caroline Leaf and Guy Glover 217 218 1976 Best Documentary Feature Volcano An Inquiry Into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry Donald Brittain and John Kramer 1977 Best Animated Short Film Bead Game Ishu Patel 216 1977 Best Documentary Feature High Grass Circus Tony Ianzelo and Torben Schioler 1979 Best Documentary Short Nails Phillip Borsos 1979 Best Documentary Feature Going the Distance Paul Cowan 1981 Best Animated Short Film The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin Janet Perlman 1981 Best Live Action Short Film First Winter John N Smith 1983 Best Documentary Feature The Profession of Arms Michael Bryans Tina Viljoen 1984 Best Animated Short Film Paradise Paradis Ishu Patel 215 1985 Best Animated Short Film The Big Snit Richard Condie 1987 Best Animated Short Film George and Rosemary Alison Snowden and David Fine 213 214 1988 Best Animated Short Film The Cat Came Back Cordell Barker 1989 Best Foreign Language Film Jesus of Montreal Denys Arcand 1991 Best Animated Short Film Blackfly Christopher Hinton 211 212 1991 Best Animated Short Film Strings Wendy Tilby 211 212 1992 Best Documentary Short The Colours of My Father A Portrait of Sam Borenstein Joyce Borenstein 1996 Best Animated Short Film La Salla Richard Condie 1998 Best Documentary Short Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square Shui Bo Wang 1999 Best Animated Short Film My Grandmother Ironed the King s Shirts Torill Kove 209 210 1999 Best Animated Short Film When the Day Breaks Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis 209 210 2001 Best Animated Short Film Strange Invaders Cordell Barker 2008 Best Animated Short Film Madame Tutli Putli Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski 2011 Best Animated Short Film Sunday Dimanche Patrick Doyon 2011 Best Animated Short Film Wild Life Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis 2014 Best Animated Short Film Me and My Moulton Torill Kove 2016 Best Animated Short Film Blind Vaysha Theodore Ushev 2019 Best Animated Short Film Animal Behaviour Alison Snowden and David Fine Golden Sheaf Awards Edit The NFB has received more than 110 Golden Sheaf Awards from the Yorkton Film Festival The following is an incomplete list of the winners Winners 1960 Best of Festival Universe Roman Kroitor Colin Low 1964 Best of Festival The Edge of the Barrens Dalton Muir fr 1967 Best of Festival Paddle to the Sea Bill Mason 1969 Best of Festival Pas de deux Norman McLaren 1971 Best of Festival Blake Bill Mason Best Social Film Best Direction Bill Mason 1975 Best of Festival Man Who Chooses the Bush Tom Radford Best Documentary Best Direction Tom Radford Best Cinematography Tony Westman 1975 Best Animation Hunger La Faim Peter Foldes 1975 Best Direction Man Who Chooses the Bush Tim Radford 1977 Best of Festival High Grass Circus Tony Ianzelo 1977 Best Animation Mindscape Le paysagiste Jacques Drouin 1979 Best Animation Blowhard Brad Caslor Christopher Hinton 1979 Best Experimental Travel Log Donald Winkler 1981 Best Direction film After the Axe Sturla Gunnarsson 1982 Best Direction Film End Game in Paris Veronika Soul Best Direction Veronika Soul 1984 Best Animation The Boy and the Snow Goose Le Petit Garcon et l Oie des neiges Gayle Thomas 1984 Best Experimental Narcissus Narcisse Norman McLaren 1986 Best of Festival Ikwe Norma Bailey Best Drama Over 30 Minutes Best Script Wendy Lill Best Editing Lara Mazur 1986 Best Direction Sonia Paul Baillargeon 1986 Best Drama Under 30 Minutes The Concert Stages of Europe Giles Walker 1988 Best of Festival Foster Child Gil Cardinal Best Documentary Over 30 Minutes NFB Kathleen Shannon Award 1988 Best of Festival L emprise Michel Brault Best Direction Michel Brault 1988 Best Animation The Man Who Planted Trees L homme qui plantait des arbres Frederic Back 1988 Kathleen Shannon Award Foster Child Gil Cardinal 1989 Best of Festival The Defender Stephen Low Best Cinematography Videography Charles Konowal Best Direction Stephen Low Best Script Stephen Low 1989 Best Animation La lettre d amour Pierre Hebert cineaste fr 1990 Best Drama Over 30 Minutes Oui Allo Estelle Francois Dauteuil 1990 Kathleen Shannon Award Black Mother Black Daughter Sylvia Hamilton Claire Prieto 1991 Best of Festival Island of Whales Mike Poole 1991 Best Drama for Broadcasters Le Vendredi de Jeanne Robinson Yves Dion 1992 Best Animation Sabina Katherine Li 1994 Best of Festival Folk Art Found Me Alex Busby 1996 Best of Festival Place of the Boss Utshimassits John Walker Best Documentary over 30 minutes Best Original Music 1996 Best Animation The Sandbox JoDee Samuelson 1997 Best Animation Ernie s Idea Peter Vogler Claire Maxwell 1998 Best of Festival Chile The Obstinate Memory Chile la memoria obstinada Patricio Guzman Best Direction Patricio Guzman 1998 Best Animation Children Speak Bozenna Heczka Georgine Strathy 1999 Best Animation Snow Cat Sheldon Cohen 1999 Best Multicultural Race Relations Show Girls Melilan Lam 1999 Best Documentary Short Subject Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square Shui Bo Wang 2000 Best Animation My Grandmother Ironed the King s Shirts Torill Kove 2001 Best Animation The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg Le garcon qui a vu l iceberg Paul Driessen 2001 Best Multicultural Race Relations Who Is Albert Woo Hunt Hoe 2002 Best Animation Glasses Brian Duchscherer 2003 Best Animation Loon Dreaming Le reve du huard Iriz Paabo 2003 Best Multicultural Race Relations The Murdered Bride Claude Vickery 2004 Best of Festival Hardwood Hubert Davis Best Documentary Short Subject Best Direction Non Dramatic Hubert Davis Best Editing Hubert Davis 2004 Best Animation Stormy Night Michele Lemieux 2004 Best Multicultural TOTEM The Return of the G psgolox Pole Gil Cardinal 2005 Best Animation The Man With No Shadow L homme sans ombre fr Georges Schwizgebel 2005 Best Aboriginal Two Worlds Colliding Tasha Hubbard 2005 Best Multicultural Race Relations In the Shadow of Gold Mountain Karen Cho 2005 Best Documentary Short Subject Cheating Death Eric Geringas 2006 Best Aboriginal First Stories Patrick Ross Ervin Chartrand 2006 Best Aboriginal First Stories Apples amp Indians Lorne Olson 2006 Best Aboriginal First Stories Nganawendaanan Nde ing I Keep Them in My Heart Shannon Letrandre 2006 Best Aboriginal First Stories My Indian Name Darryl Nepinak 2006 Best Animation John and Michael Shira Avni 2006 Best Multicultural Between Living in the Hyphen Anne Marie Nakagawa 2007 Best Aboriginal Qallunaat Why White People Are Funny Mark Sandiford Zebedee Nungak 2007 Best Animation The Danish Poet Le poete danois Torill Kove 2007 Best Experimental The Sparky Book Mary Lewis 2007 Best Multicultural Reema There and Back Paul Emile d Entremont 2009 Best Animation The Necktie Le noeud cravate Jean Franccois Levesque 2010 Best Animation Runaway Cordell Barker 2010 Best Emerging Filmmaker The Man Who Slept Ines Sedan 2011 Best Aboriginal Lumaajuuq Alethea Arnaquq Baril 2011 Best of Festival Lipsett Diaries Les journaux de Lipsett Theodore Ushev Best Animation The Founders Award 2011 Best Direction Higglety Pigglety Pop or There Must Be More to Life Chris Lavis Maciek Szczerbowski 2011 Best Experimental Mamori Karl Lemieux 2012 Best Animation Wild Life Amanda Forbis Wendy Tilby 2013 Best of Festival Let the Daylight Into the Swamp Jeffrey St Jules Best Experimental 2013 Best Direction Non Fiction The Portrait Lea Marin 2014 Best Aboriginal Timuti Jobie Weetaluktuk 2014 Best Animation Gloria Victoria Theodore Ushev 2014 Best Director Fiction Thomas Pedro Pires Robert Lepage Best Drama 2015 Best Animation Me and My Moulton Torill Kove 2016 Best Animation Carface Claude Cloutier 2016 Best Experimental Mobilize Mobiliser Caroline Monnet 2016 Best Multicultural The Red Path Therese Ottawa 2017 Best Animation Oscar Marie Josee Saint Pierre 2017 Kathleen Shannon Award 19 Days Asha Siad Roda Siad 2018 Best of Festival Skin for Skin Kevin D A Kurytnik amp Carol Beecher Best Animation 2018 Best Experimental The Tesla World Light Matthew Rankin 2018 Best Indigenous Holy Angels Jay Cardinal Villeneuve 2018 Kathleen Shannon Award Birth of a Family Tasha Hubbard 2018 Ruth Shaw Best of Saskatchewan Talking at Night Eric Thiessen 2019 Best Animation Bone Mother Sylvie Trouve Dale Hayward 2019 Kathleen Shannon Award Beauty Christina Willings 2020 Best Animation The Physics of Sorrow Theodore Ushev Best Director Fiction 2020 Best Direction Non Fiction Shannon Amen Chris Dainty 2020 Best Experimental No Objects Sans objets Marc Betrand 2020 Best Indigenous Now is the Time Christopher Auchter 2020 Best Multicultural nipawistamasowin We Will Stand Up Tasha Hubbard 2020 Best Short Subject Gun Killers Jason Young Peabody Awards Edit As of April 2014 the NFB has received five Peabody Awards for the web documentary A Short History of the Highrise 229 co produced with The New York Times the Rezolution Pictures NFB co production Reel Injun 2011 230 Karen Shopsowitz s NFB documentary My Father s Camera 2002 231 the NFB Tele Action co produced mini series The Boys of St Vincent 1995 232 and the NFB documentary Fat Chance 1994 233 Annie Awards Edit NFB Annie Awards nominations include Nominated incomplete list 2011 Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject Sunday Dimanche Patrick Doyon 2011 Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject Wild Life Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis Interactive awards Edit In June 2011 NFB received the Award of Excellence in Interactive Programming from the Banff World Media Festival 234 In August 2011 the NFB received an outstanding technical achievement in digital media award from the Academy of Canadian Cinema amp Television 235 Webby Awards Edit As of 2016 NFB web documentaries have won 17 Webby Awards presented International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences for excellence on the internet Filmmaker in Residence a project by Katerina Cizek about St Michael s Hospital in Toronto was named best online documentary series at the 2008 Webbys 236 In 2010 the NFB website Waterlife on the state of the Great Lakes won in the Documentary Individual Episode category 237 In 2011 Welcome to Pine Point received two Webbys for Documentary Individual Episode in the Online Film amp Video category and Net art in the Websites category citation needed In 2012 the NFB received two more Webbys for Bla Bla best web art and God s Lake Narrows best use of photography 238 In 2013 Bear 71 received the Webby for best net art 239 In 2014 the interactive photo essay The Last Hunt received a People s Voice Award Webby for best navigation structure 240 In 2015 the NFB co produced webdoc Seven Digital Deadly Sins received three People s Voice Awards chosen by the public online at the 2015 Webby Awards 241 At the 2016 awards the NFB received six more Webbys Way to Go received the Webby and People s Voice awards in the Web NetArt category as well as the Webby for Online Film amp Video VR Gaming Interactive or Real Time The Unknown Photographer won the People s Voice award in the Online Film amp Video VR Gaming Interactive or Real Time category while Universe Within received the Webby for Online Film amp Video Best Use of Interactive Video and Cardboard Crash VR for Google Cardboard won in the category of Online Film amp Video VR Gaming Interactive or Real time Branded 136 Others Edit This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items May 2014 1980 Inkpot Award 242 2009 Adobe Site of the Day Waterlife 2009 Applied Arts Interactive Annual Selected Capturing Reality 2009 CNMA Canadian New Media Awards Winner Best Cross Platform ProjectWaterlife 2009 Digital Marketing Awards Winner Best of Show Waterlife 2009 Digital Marketing Awards Winner DMA Award Capturing Reality 2009 Hot Docs Winner Special Jury Prize Waterlife 2009 On Line Journalism Awards Winner Best Multi Media Feature Presentation Waterlife 2010 Adobe Site of the Day The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Annual Selected The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Entertainment Arts and Tourism Holy Mountain 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Entertainment Arts and Tourism NFB 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Experimental and Artistic Flub and Utter 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Experimental and Artistic The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Net Art Holy Mountain 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner On Line Video Flub and Utter 2010 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Public Service Charity The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2010 BaKaFORUM Winner Youth Jury Prize Waterlife 2010 CNMA Canadian New Media Awards Best On Line Program GDP 2010 CNMA Canadian New Media Awards Community Campaign of the Year The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2010 Communication Arts Interactive Annual Selected Waterlife 2010 Communication Arts Web Pick of the Week The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2010 Emmy Awards International Digital Emmy Non Fiction Highrise Out My Window 2010 On Line Journalism Awards Winner Multi Media Feature Presentation Small Site This Land 2010 SXSW Interactive Winner Activism Category Waterlife 2010 The FWA Site of the Day NFB Interactive November 11 2010 2010 The FWA Site of the Day The Test Tube with David Suzuki October 5 2010 2010 The FWA Site of the Day Waterlife June 24 2010 2010 IDFA Doc Lab Winner Digital Storytelling Highrise Out My Window 2010 SXSW Interactive Winner Activism Category Waterlife 2011 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Entertainment Arts amp Tourism Main Street 2011 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Entertainment Arts amp Tourism This Land 2011 Applied Arts Interactive Awards Winner Entertainment Arts amp Tourism Welcome to Pine Point 2011 Banff World Television Festival Interactive Rockie Awards Winner Best On Line Program Documentary Welcome to Pine Point 2011 Bellaria Italy Documentary Festival Best Cross Media Doc Welcome to Pine Point 2011 Communication Arts Interactive Annual Selected The Test Tube with David Suzuki 2011 Communication Arts Web Pick of the Day Welcome to Pine Point 2011 FITC Winner Audio in Flash Highrise Out My Window 2011 FITC Winner Flash Narrative Welcome to Pine Point 2011 The FWA Site of the Day Crash CourseJanuary 9 2011 2011 The FWA Site of the Day Welcome to Pine PointFebruary 22 2011 2011 The FWA Site of the Day Holy Mountain January 17 2011 2011 The Favourite Website Awards FWA Site of the Day Highrise Out My Window January 28 2011 2011 Banff World Television Festival Interactive Rockie Awards Winner Best Francophone Documentary Holy Mountain 2011 Sheffield Documentary Festival Innovation Documentary Award Welcome to Pine Point 2012 Digi Awards formerly Canadian New Media Awards Best in Canadian culture Burquette with Attraction Images and Turbulent Media 243 2012 Digi Awards formerly Canadian New Media Awards Best in web series non fiction Bear 71 243 2014 FITC Winner Experimental The Last Hunt 240 Controversy EditIn addition to Neighbours other NFB productions have been the source of controversy including two NFB productions broadcast on CBC Television that criticized the role of Canadians in wartime led to questions in the Senate of Canada In the early 1970s two Quebec political documentaries Arcand s On est au coton and Gilles Groulx s 24 heures ou plus were initially withheld from release by the NFB due to controversial content 244 The Kid Who Couldn t Miss 1982 cast doubt on the accomplishments of Canadian World War I flying ace Billy Bishop sparking widespread outrage including complaints in the Senate subcommittee on Veterans Affairs 245 A decade later The Valour and the Horror outraged some when it suggested that there was incompetence on the part of Canadian military command and that Canadian soldiers had committed unprosecuted war crimes against German soldiers The series became the subject of an inquiry by the Senate Other controversial productions included the 1981 film Not a Love Story A Film About Pornography a 1981 Studio D documentary critiquing pornography that was itself banned in the province of Ontario on the basis of pornographic content 246 Released the following year If You Love This Planet winner of the Academy Award for best documentary short subject was labelled foreign propaganda under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 in the United States 247 NFB on TV EditThe NFB is a minority owner of the digital television channel Documentary in Canada NFB branded series Retrovision appeared on VisionTV along with the French language Carnets ONF series on APTN Moreover in 1997 the American cable channel Cartoon Network created a weekly 30 minute show called O Canada specifically showcasing a compilation of NFB produced works the segment was discontinued in favour of Adult Swim 248 Logo Edit 1993 2002 logo The Board s logo consists of a standing stylized figure originally green with its arms wide upward The arms are met by an arch that mirrors them The round head in between then resembles a pupil making the entire symbol appear to be an eye with legs Launched in 1968 the logo symbolized a vision of humanity and was called Man Seeing L homme qui voit It was designed by Georges Beaupre It was updated in 2002 by the firm of Paprika Communications 249 NFB in popular media EditThe Scottish music act Boards of Canada takes its name from the NFB 250 George Lucas who had attributed the origins of the Force to a 1963 abstract NFB film by Arthur Lipsett entitled 21 87 251 went on to use the number 2187 as the cell number where Princess Leia was being detained in Star Wars 252 Two NFB shorts the Oscar nominated Christmas Cracker and David and Hazel A Study in Communication 253 254 were each spoofed by RiffTrax 255 256 The Big Snit inspired a Scrabble scene in the second episode of The Simpsons first season Bart the Genius 257 See also EditCinema of Canada Cinema of Quebec From NFB to Box Office Documentary Organization of CanadaReferences Edit The National Film Board of Canada Canada s public film producer and distributor Award Winners National Film Board of Canada Retrieved December 18 2019 Bregent Heald 2012 p 30 Morris 1978 p 133 Magder 1993 p 50 a b Morris 1978 p 167 Frank C Badgley Toronto International Film Festival Archived from the original on July 7 2022 Morris 1978 p 161 a b Magder 1993 p 53 Khouri 2007 p 85 Clandfield 1987 p 17 Clandfield 1987 p 21 22 a b Morris 1978 p 233 234 a b Jones 1981 p 22 23 a b c The Founding of the NFB National Film Board of Canada August 12 2009 Archived from the original on January 3 2023 Jones 1981 p 27 28 Magder 1993 p 78 Jones 1981 p 30 Jones 1981 p 46 47 Magder 1993 p 56 58 Magder 1993 p 59 Evans 1991 p 23 Clandfield 1987 p 22 Magder 1993 p 59 60 a b Evans 1991 p 15 Evans 1991 p 34 Jones 1981 p 60 61 Evans 1991 p 8 a b Evans 1991 p 16 Evans 1991 p 9 Magder 1993 p 80 81 Evans 1991 p 14 Magder 1993 p 77 Evans 1991 p 12 13 Evans 1991 p 30 Magder 1993 p 76 77 Magder 1993 p 80 Magder 1993 p 79 Magder 1993 p 81 Evans 1991 p 15 17 Evans 1991 p 22 23 Evans 1991 p 26 27 Evans 1991 p 39 40 Evans 1991 p 42 43 Evans 1991 p 28 29 a b Evans 1991 p 17 19 Evans 1991 p 29 30 This September the NFB moves to the Quartier des Spectacles in downtown Montreal Official inauguration and opening event for the public to follow in 2020 National Film Board of Canada September 4 2019 Archived from the original on October 21 2022 Evans 1991 p 35 36 Evans 1991 p 34 36 Evans 1991 p 44 Evans 1991 p 46 a b Clandfield 1987 p 41 Evans 1991 p 58 Evans 1991 p 89 Evans 1991 p 35 Evans 1991 p 53 Evans 1991 p 96 Jones 1981 p 109 Evans 1991 p 87 88 Evans 1991 p 92 Jones 1981 p 138 Evans 1991 p 67 Pendakur 1990 p 146 148 sfn error no target CITEREFPendakur1990 help Evans 1991 p 99 101 Clandfield 1987 p 41 42 Evans 1991 p 113 Evans 1991 p 113 115 Evans 1991 p 120 Evans 1991 p 129 Evans 1991 p 116 117 Evans 1991 p 136 Evans 1991 p 117 119 Evans 1991 p 121 122 Evans 1991 p 135 138 Evans 1991 p 138 Evans 1991 p 144 Evans 1991 p 140 141 a b Evans 1991 p 143 Evans 1991 p 146 Evans 1991 p 278 Evans 1991 p 145 146 Evans 1991 p 137 Evans 1991 p 279 Evans 1991 p 167 Evans 1991 p 177 a b Evans 1991 p 218 Evans 1991 p 220 Evans 1991 p 179 180 Evans 1991 p 189 190 Evans 1991 p 224 Evans 1991 p 211 Studio D The Women s Film Studio National Film Board of Canada Archived from the original on November 12 2022 Studio D Toronto International Film Festival Archived from the original on November 12 2022 Evans 1991 p 200 204 Evans 1991 p 224 225 Evans 1991 p 251 Evans 1991 p 243 Evans 1991 p 253 Evans 1991 p 254 Evans 1991 p 296 Evans 1991 p 256 Evans 1991 p 271 Evans 1991 p 257 No guarantees no culture Maclean s June 16 1980 Archived from the original on November 19 2022 Evans 1991 p 266 Applebaum Hebert Report The Canadian Encyclopedia December 15 2013 Archived from the original on November 19 2022 Evans 1991 p 274 Evans 1991 p 288 Evans 1991 p 286 287 a b Evans 1991 p 313 Evans 1991 p 291 Evans 1991 p 294 Evans 1991 p 310 311 a b c d Aitken Ian October 27 2005 Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film Routledge p 168 ISBN 978 1579584450 Challenge for Change Activist Documentary at the National Film Board of Canada 2010 Thomas Waugh Michael Brendan Baker Ezra Winton eds Montreal Kingston McGill Queens University Press pp 5 6 A Fine Day in Masset Christopher Auchter Revisits Crucial Moment in Haida Renaissance NFB Blog August 13 2019 Retrieved August 19 2019 Aitken 2005 pp 168 169 a b c Stukator Angela May 30 2013 Pictures of age and ageing in Cynthia Scott s The Company of Strangers In Eugene P Walz ed Canada s Best Features Critical Essays on 15 Canadian Films Rodopi p 239 ISBN 978 9042015982 Milligan Mercedes January 28 2015 NFB French Animation Founder Rene Jodoin Dies Animation Magazine Retrieved January 29 2015 McWilliams Donald About Norman McLaren McLaren 2014 Archived from the original on October 13 2015 Retrieved August 23 2015 Blair Iain June 4 2012 NFB pushes Canadian artists in edgy direction Variety Retrieved November 10 2018 Doherty Mike Shaun the Sheep leads the stop motion animation revival CBC Arts August 8 2015 Retrieved August 9 2015 Zeau Caroline 2006 L Office national du film et le cinema canadien 1939 2003 Etudes Canadiennes Peter Lang 10 232 ISBN 9052013381 Century Michael September 29 October 4 2005 New Media in an Adhocracy PDF REFRESH conference First International Conference on the Media Arts Sciences and Technologies Banff Alberta Banff Centre Archived from the original PDF on May 20 2013 Retrieved June 8 2012 Giardina Carolyn July 23 2013 Siggraph Oscar Winner Chris Landreth Shows His New Short Subconscious Password The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 18 2013 Deglise Fabien April 11 2013 L insomnie par procuration Le Devoir in French Montreal Retrieved April 15 2013 Hutter Kristy January 18 2012 A documentary like no other documentary Maclean s Retrieved January 19 2012 Vlessing Etan January 18 2012 Expert Canada Primed to Become Major Transmedia Player The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 19 2012 Monk Katherine January 30 2015 Canada is king of the New Frontier at Sundance Film Festival Canada com Postmedia News Archived from the original on February 3 2015 Retrieved January 31 2015 NFB s Highrise web project wins Digital Emmy CBC News April 4 2011 Retrieved April 4 2011 Moakley Paul June 22 2011 Multimedia Heartbreaker The National Film Board of Canada Time Archived from the original on June 25 2011 Retrieved June 22 2011 Dixon Guy July 22 2011 Bla Bla An Arcade Fire collaborator gets into baby talk The Globe and Mail Retrieved August 10 2011 Boucher Michele August 20 2009 La programmation numerique a l ONF Entretien avec Hugues Sweeney Interview Le blogue ONF ca in French Montreal National Film Board of Canada Retrieved June 11 2011 Pringle Ramona October 17 2016 New realities Computers are adapting to humans CBC News Retrieved November 14 2016 a b Wong Jessica April 26 2016 Webby Awards 2016 winners include The Weeknd the NFB CBC News Retrieved May 10 2016 NFB makes films free online CBC News January 21 2009 Retrieved February 5 2009 Abel Kris January 21 2009 National Film Board Of Canada Launches New Movie Site 700 Free Films For Streaming Linking And Embedding Kris Abel s Tech Life CTV News Archived from the original on July 6 2011 Retrieved February 5 2009 Taylor Kate May 18 2013 How Tom Perlmutter turned the NFB into a global new media player The Globe and Mail Retrieved May 22 2013 Geist Michael February 2 2010 The National Film Board s online success out in the open Ottawa Citizen Archived from the original on February 14 2010 Retrieved March 2 2010 NFB puts 3 D HD content online CBC News Canadian Broadcasting Corporation January 21 2010 Retrieved March 2 2010 Broida Rick July 7 2010 Free movies on your iPad from the National Film Board CNET com Archived from the original on November 29 2010 Retrieved January 26 2011 Takeuchi Craig March 14 2011 National Film Board of Canada releases Android application Retrieved March 29 2011 Lau Kathleen April 18 2011 PlayBook hits market with National Film Board app Computerworld Retrieved April 20 2011 Morison Ora April 20 2011 Long way from Log Rider s Waltz National Post Retrieved April 20 2011 Summers Nick January 28 2013 RIM reveals every TV broadcaster film studio and music label that is on board for BlackBerry 10 The Next Web Retrieved January 29 2013 L ONF et Le Devoir s associent pour diffuser des essais interactifs Cyberpresse in French Montreal September 13 2011 Retrieved September 15 2011 Kushigemachi Todd June 12 2012 Canucks find first TV niche in China Variety Retrieved June 13 2012 Spangler Todd November 12 2013 Netflix Expands Pact with National Film Board of Canada Adding 20 Plus Documentaries Variety Penske Business Media Retrieved November 13 2013 Taylor Kate April 30 2013 NFB to launch the Netflix of the documentary world The Globe and Mail Retrieved April 30 2013 Barnard Linda April 16 2015 All Canadian movie streaming service curated by movie stars Toronto Star Retrieved April 17 2015 NFB launches plan to redefine its relationship with Indigenous Peoples CBC News June 20 2017 Retrieved June 20 2017 Taylor Kate June 20 2017 National Film Board aims to bolster Indigenous staff numbers The Globe and Mail Retrieved June 20 2017 Brownstein Bill November 10 2016 There s no stopping legendary documentarian Alanis Obomsawin Montreal Gazette Postmedia Retrieved November 15 2016 Inuit films move online and into northern communities CBC News November 2 2011 Retrieved November 5 2011 New NFB collection includes 24 films on or by Inuit Nunatsiaq News November 4 2011 Retrieved November 7 2011 George Jane November 3 2006 Nunavut s getting animated Nunatsiaq News Retrieved November 8 2011 Nunavut Animation Lab Lumaajuuq Collection National Film Board of Canada Retrieved November 8 2011 Knopf Kerstin 2008 Decolonizing the Lens of Power Indigenous Films in North America Rodopi p 64 ISBN 978 9042025431 Retrieved May 4 2017 Second Stories DVD National Film Board of Canada October 11 2012 Retrieved May 16 2017 Wapikoni Mobile 10 years of mediation and intervention through audiovisual creation Canada News Wire Retrieved May 16 2017 Canadian Women in Film Library and Archives Canada April 12 2005 Archived from the original on May 18 2007 Retrieved February 2 2009 Hays Matthew August 21 1997 Screen legend Montreal Mirror Archived from the original on December 31 2002 Retrieved August 10 2009 Sowa Jennifer Researchers build archival record of feminist filmmaking in Canada UToday University of Calgary Retrieved March 8 2017 Taylor Kate March 9 2016 NFB pledge for gender parity could spur change in Canadian film industry The Globe and Mail Retrieved March 9 2016 Vlessing Etan March 8 2016 Canada Bankrolling More Female Directors to Close Gender Gap The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved March 9 2016 Dunleavy T cha March 7 2017 NFB aiming for parity in many creative roles by 2020 Montreal Gazette Retrieved March 8 2017 Dumais Manon March 8 2017 Place aux femmes et a la diversite a l ONF Le Devoir in French Retrieved March 8 2017 a b Dunleavy T Cha March 7 2017 NFB aiming for parity in many creative roles by 2020 Montreal Gazette Retrieved January 29 2020 McLean Tom March 1 2015 10th Edition of NFB s Hothouse Yields 8 Shorts Animation Retrieved May 24 2015 Wyatt Nelson February 16 2012 Oscar nomination sets bar high for Montrealer s second film CTV News Canadian Press Retrieved May 24 2015 Morin Jean Philippe February 15 2017 Une cineaste de Saint Joseph de Sorel laureate d un prix prestigieux Les 2 Rives in French Retrieved March 8 2017 Ravindran Manori NFB CFC team up for Creative Doc Lab Realscreen Retrieved May 24 2015 Management Team National Film Board of Canada July 21 2012 Retrieved June 12 2015 Pinto Jordan July 5 2016 Rene Bourdages to join Canada s National Film Board Realscreen Brunico Communications Retrieved July 25 2016 Smith Charlie May 16 2016 Vancouver s Loc Dao becomes the National Film Board s new digital czar Georgia Straight Vancouver Free Press Publishing Corporation Retrieved May 20 2016 Punter Jennie November 4 2013 Michael Fukushima Tapped as Executive Producer of NFB s English Animation Studio Variety Penske Business Media Retrieved November 13 2013 a b c Julie Roy becomes Executive Producer at the NFB s French Animation Studio Maral Mohammadian and Jelena Popovic named as producers at the English Animation Studio Press release National Film Board of Canada April 29 2014 Retrieved June 2 2014 Barnard Linda May 21 2014 Anita Lee named NFB Ontario executive producer Toronto Star Retrieved June 2 2014 Ravindran Manori February 3 2014 NFB hires EP for Pacific and Yukon Centre Playback Retrieved February 10 2014 Alan Emily Claire June 3 2011 NFB names Generoux to Saskatchewan post Playback Retrieved June 13 2012 Photo Collections in Project Naming Archived January 28 2007 at the Wayback Machine the identification of Inuit portrayed in photographic collections at Library and Archives Canada Mid century lens The National Film Board of Canada s still photos 1941 71 Policy Options Institute for Research on Public Policy July 2013 Archived from the original on January 2 2014 Retrieved January 2 2014 NFB to cut 61 jobs across Canada CBC News April 4 2012 Retrieved April 4 2012 Press release The NFB announces the measures that will be implemented under the deficit reduction action plan April 4 2012 Retrieved May 4 2012 Levesque Francois September 9 2013 L UQAM etablit ses quartiers a la CineRobotheque Le Devoir in French Montreal Retrieved September 9 2013 Houpt Simon December 2 2014 National Film Board of Canada appoints 11 year veteran Claude Joli Coeur as new chair Retrieved December 3 2014 Government Film Commissioner and Chairperson of the NFB National Film Board of Canada Web site Archived from the original on June 13 2008 Retrieved February 2 2009 Punter Jennie December 10 2013 National Film Board of Canada Topper Exits With Time Left on Term Variety Retrieved December 11 2013 NFB head Tom Perlmutter appointed for new term Canadian Press CBC News May 8 2012 Retrieved May 9 2012 Patricia Stone Susan Tolusso The National Film Board Of Canada Eyes of Canada Canadian Tributes Government of Canada Digital Collections Archived from the original on June 6 2011 Retrieved August 30 2006 The National Film Board of Canada Auteur Animation Animation World Network November 28 2008 Archived from the original on January 2 2013 Retrieved January 10 2009 Neighbours animated directed and produced by Norman McLaren in 1952 Memory of the World UNESCO Archived from the original on August 5 2009 Retrieved October 16 2010 Knelman Martin February 23 2012 Oscars 2012 Canadian nominees celebrate in Los Angeles Toronto Star Archived from the original on February 27 2012 Retrieved February 27 2012 a b Unger Leslie November 1 1999 Academy to Celebrate National Film Board of Canada Anniversary Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on June 11 2007 Retrieved August 30 2006 Ayscough Suzan May 11 2009 NFB S 12 Oscar wins Playback Brunico Retrieved August 29 2009 Mayer Andre February 23 2012 NFB s Oscar success driven by short films CBC News Retrieved February 28 2012 2007 Oscars org Short Film Oscars 2005 Oscars 2005 Oscars org 1995 Oscars org Short Film Winners 1995 Oscars The National Film Board of Canada s Honorary Award 1989 Oscars 1983 Oscars org Cartoons Considered for an Academy Award 1979 Cartoon Research Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1978 Cartoon Research a b 1978 Oscars org a b Short Film Winners 1978 Oscars a b Animated Short Winner 2000 Oscars a b 2000 Oscars org a b Short Film Winners 1992 Oscars a b 1992 Oscars org The 60th Academy Awards 1988 Nominees and Winners oscars org Retrieved October 16 2011 The Man Who Planted Trees Wins Animated Short 1988 Oscars YouTube Archived from the original on December 11 2021 Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1984 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1977 cartoonresearch com Short Film Winners 1977 Oscars 1977 Oscars org Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1975 cartoonresearch com a b Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1974 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1971 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1969 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1968 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1967 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1966 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1964 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For the Academy Award 1963 cartoonresearch com Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1952 cartoonresearch com 73rd Annual Peabody Awards May 2014 70th Annual Peabody Awards May 2011 61st Annual Peabody Awards May 2002 54th Annual Peabody Awards May 1996 53rd Annual Peabody Awards May 1995 Anderson Kelly June 16 2011 NFB FremantleMedia pick up Interactive Rockies Realscreen Retrieved June 16 2011 Gemini Award organizers tap special honourees CBC News August 10 2011 Retrieved August 10 2011 NFB Filmmaker In Residence Archived September 16 2009 at the Wayback Machine Webby Award Winner Winston Lynn May 8 2010 Waterlife nfb ca Wins Prestigious Webby Award Toronto Film Scene Archived from the original on December 16 2011 Retrieved May 6 2011 Webby awards honour NFB girls say video CBC News May 1 2012 Retrieved January 13 2013 Canadians Grimes Justin Bieber Bear 71 doc among Webby winners CBC News Associated Press April 30 2013 Retrieved April 30 2013 a b Google Jay Z NFB among 2014 Webby winners Metro Associated Press April 29 2014 Archived from the original on May 5 2014 Retrieved May 5 2014 Seven Digital Deadly Sins gagne trois fois aux prix Webby 2015 Le Lien Multimedia in French April 29 2015 Retrieved July 22 2015 Inkpot Award a b Quan Danielle Ng See December 5 2012 Secret Location NFB take two wins each at Digi Awards Playback Toronto Brunico Communications Retrieved January 13 2013 Hebert Pierre Landry Kenneth Lever Yves eds 2006 Dictionnaire de la censure au Quebec litterature et cinema in French Montreal Quebec Ed Fides p 298 ISBN 2762126363 Retrieved April 24 2017 Alioff Maurie 2002 Paul Cowan s inquisitive eye war games porn stars and the Ghosts of Westray TAKE ONE Archived from the original on September 24 2004 Retrieved August 30 2006 Bonnie Sherr Klein The Canadian Encyclopedia The politicized Oscar political aspects of Academy Awards 1983 Richard Grenier Commentary 75 June 1983 pp68 7 Simensky Linda 1997 O Canada Canadian animators TAKE ONE Archived from the original on November 27 2004 Retrieved August 30 2006 Canadian Design Resource Board of Canada Pitchfork Silberman Steve May 2005 Life After Darth Wired May The Force Be With D Oh The NFB in Pop Culture NFB Blog June 8 2015 Retrieved June 12 2015 David and Hazel A Study in Communication 1964 BFI David and Hazel A Study in Communication Short 1964 IMDb Christmas Cracker RiffTrax David and Hazel A Story in Communication RiffTrax Groening Matt 2001 The Simpsons The Complete First Season DVD commentary for the episode Bart the Genius DVD 20th Century Fox Works cited EditEvans Gary 1991 In the National Interest A Chronicle of the National Film Board of Canada from 1949 to 1989 University of Toronto Press ISBN 0802027849 Bregent Heald Dominique 2012 Vacationland Film Tourism and Selling Canada 1934 1948 Revue Canadienne d Etudes Cinematographiques Canadian Journal of Film Studies University of Toronto Press 21 2 27 48 doi 10 3138 cjfs 21 2 27 JSTOR 24411793 Morris Peter ed 1978 Embattled Shadows A History of Canadian Cinema 1895 1939 McGill Queen s University Press ISBN 9780773560727 Magder Ted 1993 Canada s Hollywood The Canadian State and Feature Films University of Toronto Press Clandfield David 1987 Canadian Film Oxford University Press ISBN 0195405811 Jones David 1981 Movies and Memoranda An Interpretative History of the National Film Board of Canada Canadian Film Institute ISBN 0919096212 Khouri Malek 2007 Filming Politics Communism and the Portrayal of the Working Class at the National Film Board of Canada 1939 46 University of Calgary Press ISBN 9781552381991 Further reading EditDruick Zoe 2007 Projecting Canada Government Policy and Documentary Film at the National Film Board of Canada McGill Queen s University Press ISBN 978 0 7735 3259 5 Terry Kolomeychuk ed 1991 Donald Brittain Never the Ordinary Way Winnipeg National Film Board of Canada ISBN 0 7722 0188 9 Low Brian J February 2002 NFB Kids Portrayals of Children by the National Film Board of Canada 1939 1989 Wilfrid Laurier University Press ISBN 978 0 88920 386 0 Archived from the original on April 3 2015 Retrieved February 28 2012 McInnes Graham November 2004 Walz Gene ed One Man s Documentary A Memoir of the Early Years of the National Film Board Winnipeg Man University of Manitoba Press ISBN 9780887556791 Challenge for Change Activist Documentary at the National Film Board of Canada 2010 Thomas Waugh Michael Brendan Baker Ezra Winton eds Montreal Kingston McGill Queens University Press External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Film Board of Canada Official website National Film Board of Canada at the Big Cartoon DataBase Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Film Board of Canada amp oldid 1147288429, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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