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Le Devoir

May 04, 2023

This article is about the Montreal newspaper. For a definition of the term "devoir", see the Wiktionary entry devoir.

Le Devoir ([lə də.vwɑʁ], "Duty") is a French-language newspaper published in Montreal and distributed in Quebec and throughout Canada. It was founded by journalist and politician Henri Bourassa in 1910.

Le Devoir
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)Le Devoir Inc.
PublisherBrian Myles
EditorMarie-Andrée Chouinard
Founded1910
Political alignmentQuebec nationalism, social democracy
Headquarters1265, rue Berri
Montreal, Quebec
H3A 3M9
Circulation29,812 daily, 48,228 Saturday in 2011[1]
ISSN0319-0722
Websiteledevoir.com

Le Devoir is one of few independent large-circulation newspapers in Quebec (and one of the few in Canada) in a market dominated by the media conglomerate Quebecor (including Le Journal de Montréal).

Historically Le Devoir was considered Canada's francophone newspaper of record,[2] although by the end of the 20th century, that title was mostly used for its competitor La Presse.[a][3]

History

Henri Bourassa, a young Liberal Party MP from Montreal, rose to national prominence in 1899 when he resigned his seat in Parliament in protest at the Liberal government's decision to send troops to support the British in the South African War of 1899–1902.[4] Bourassa was opposed to all Canadian participation in British wars and would go on to become a key figure in fighting for an independent Canadian foreign policy. He is considered both a forebear of French-Canadian nationalists as well as a Canadian nationalist more generally. He was also an early promoter of the bi-cultural Anglo-French concept of Canada, and an impassioned advocate for the political and cultural equality of all French Canadians within Confederation, wherever they may reside.[4]

In 1910, he founded Le Devoir as an outlet for his anti-imperialist Ligue nationaliste and to fight for the rights of French Canadians within Confederation. In its first edition, published January 10, 1910, Bourassa explained the name ("the duty" in English) and the mandate of the newspaper as "To ensure the triumph of ideas over appetites, of the public good over partisan interests, there is but one means: awake in the people, and above all in the ruling classes, a sense of public duty in all its forms: religious duty, national duty, civic duty."[5]

Bourassa was both publisher and editor-in-chief of the newspaper until August 3, 1932, when he was replaced by Georges Pelletier. After the death of Pelletier in early 1947, the role of editor-in-chief would pass to Gérard Filion, former editor of La Terre de chez nous, under whose editorship the paper would publish highly controversial critiques of Maurice Duplessis's government in Quebec by journalists and figures such as André Laurendeau. Claude Ryan, a federalist, took the helm in 1964, followed by Jean-Louis Roy in 1980, then Benoit Lauzière in 1986. In 1990, the paper appointed its first woman editor-in-chief when Lise Bissonnette succeeded Lauzière, and firmly establishing the paper's sovereignist orientation following the federalist years of Ryan and his successors.[4] She would continue on in her post until 1998, with the current editor-in-chief, Bernard Descôteaux, taking over the following year.

While the paper has in recent times become associated with the Quebec nationalist movement, Bourassa himself was in fact opposed to the notion of a separate Francophone state, believing instead in an Anglo-French conception of Canada in which French-speaking Canadians would see their culture recognized as equal and protected and encouraged from coast to coast. Instances of this view can be found in both his campaign for Franco-Ontarian rights as well as his ardent opposition to controversial priest and historian Lionel Groulx in the 1920s following Groulx's musing on the possibility and desirability of a separate Quebec state.[4] That said, the history of Le Devoir would become characterized by varying phases (as well as shades) of French-Canadian and later Québécois nationalism, opening its pages in the troubled 1930s to Groulx and his followers, yet seeing a federalist at its helm in 1964 in the form of Claude Ryan, who in 1978 would go on to become leader of the federalist Quebec Liberal Party.

Ideologically, Le Devoir has been a chief voice against military intervention and in favour of pacifism and social democracy, opposing conscription in World War II (see Conscription Crisis of 1944) and endorsing, under federalist Ryan's tenure, the election of René Lévesque's Parti Québécois in the 1976 election, despite its platform centred on Québécois nationalism. Once considered a reformist paper, it has recently been associated less with ideas that challenge the status quo of Quebec's economic, political and cultural issues.

Business

 
Le Devoir trip to Acadia (Grand-Pré), 1924

Le Devoir began as several other businesses besides the newspaper. These ventures included a general printer and publishing house, a bookstore, and a travel agency. Trips were initially organized to coincide with Catholic congresses around the world, as well as for "pilgrimages", allowing Quebecois to visit the French diaspora across North America. Such trips included Acadia (1924, 1927), Ontario (1925), and Louisiana (1931). The purpose of the travel venture was, said Napoleon Lafortune, to "extend the 'work' of the newspaper to defend the French language and the Catholic faith, but by other means."[6] The unusual service officially lasted from 1924 to 1947, though it effectively ended at the start of World War II when international civilian travel became very difficult.

Le Devoir has a relatively low circulation of about 34,000 on weekdays and 58,000 on Saturdays. Its financial situation has often been precarious, and recent years are no exception: in 2002, it had revenues of $14,376,530, with a meager profit of $13,524, while the previous year it had made a small loss.

Other information

The newspaper's original slogan was "Fais ce que dois" (Do what [you] must). "Le Devoir" means "the duty" in French. Its current slogan is "Libre de penser" (Free to think).

In 1993, following a redesign by Lucie Lacava, a Montreal-based design consultant, the Society for News Design awarded Le Devoir Best of Show award for "Overall Design Excellence" and in 1994 the same group awarded it its Gold award in the Feature Design category.[7]

In September 2011, the National Film Board of Canada and Le Devoir announced that they will be jointly hosting three interactive essays on their websites, ONF.ca and ledevoir.com.[8]

Le Devoir headquarters have been located in Montreal at 71A rue Saint-Jacques from 1910 to 1914; at 443 rue Saint-Vincent in Old Montreal from 1914 to 1924; at 430 rue Notre-Dame East from 1924 to 1972; at 211 rue du Saint-Sacrement from 1972 to 1992, at 2050 rue de Bleury from 1992 to 2016; before moving to 1265 rue Berri on December 11, 2016.[9]

Publishers

Contributors

Notable contributors have included the following.

See also

Montréal newspapers:

Notes

  1. ^ La Presse ceased physical publication in 2016, and is now available only as a digital newspaper.

References

  1. ^ Audit Bureau of Circulations e-Circ data for the six months ending September 30, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  2. ^ "Les parlementaires québécois et Le Devoir dans le monde des médias". Communication, Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012).
  3. ^ "Endorsements, opinions flourish in Quebec". cbc.ca. October 10, 2008. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d Bourassa, Henri
  5. ^ Avant le combat – Le Devoir
  6. ^ Paul Bennett, "Prendre la route avec Le Devoir," January 9, 2010
  7. ^ "Society of News Design – Best of Newspaper Design". office.snd.org. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  8. ^ "L'ONF et Le Devoir s'associent pour diffuser des essais interactifs". Cyberpresse (in French). Montreal. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  9. ^ (in French) «Le Devoir», un journal qui déménage, Jean Dion, Le Devoir, December 10, 2016.

External links

  • Official website (Mobile)

May 04, 2023
devoir, this, article, about, montreal, newspaper, definition, term, devoir, wiktionary, entry, devoir, vwɑʁ, duty, french, language, newspaper, published, montreal, distributed, quebec, throughout, canada, founded, journalist, politician, henri, bourassa, 191. This article is about the Montreal newspaper For a definition of the term devoir see the Wiktionary entry devoir Le Devoir le de vwɑʁ Duty is a French language newspaper published in Montreal and distributed in Quebec and throughout Canada It was founded by journalist and politician Henri Bourassa in 1910 Le DevoirTypeDaily newspaperFormatBroadsheetOwner s Le Devoir Inc PublisherBrian MylesEditorMarie Andree ChouinardFounded1910Political alignmentQuebec nationalism social democracyHeadquarters1265 rue BerriMontreal QuebecH3A 3M9Circulation29 812 daily 48 228 Saturday in 2011 1 ISSN0319 0722Websiteledevoir wbr comLe Devoir is one of few independent large circulation newspapers in Quebec and one of the few in Canada in a market dominated by the media conglomerate Quebecor including Le Journal de Montreal Historically Le Devoir was considered Canada s francophone newspaper of record 2 although by the end of the 20th century that title was mostly used for its competitor La Presse a 3 Contents 1 History 2 Business 3 Other information 4 Publishers 5 Contributors 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditHenri Bourassa a young Liberal Party MP from Montreal rose to national prominence in 1899 when he resigned his seat in Parliament in protest at the Liberal government s decision to send troops to support the British in the South African War of 1899 1902 4 Bourassa was opposed to all Canadian participation in British wars and would go on to become a key figure in fighting for an independent Canadian foreign policy He is considered both a forebear of French Canadian nationalists as well as a Canadian nationalist more generally He was also an early promoter of the bi cultural Anglo French concept of Canada and an impassioned advocate for the political and cultural equality of all French Canadians within Confederation wherever they may reside 4 In 1910 he founded Le Devoir as an outlet for his anti imperialist Ligue nationaliste and to fight for the rights of French Canadians within Confederation In its first edition published January 10 1910 Bourassa explained the name the duty in English and the mandate of the newspaper as To ensure the triumph of ideas over appetites of the public good over partisan interests there is but one means awake in the people and above all in the ruling classes a sense of public duty in all its forms religious duty national duty civic duty 5 Bourassa was both publisher and editor in chief of the newspaper until August 3 1932 when he was replaced by Georges Pelletier After the death of Pelletier in early 1947 the role of editor in chief would pass to Gerard Filion former editor of La Terre de chez nous under whose editorship the paper would publish highly controversial critiques of Maurice Duplessis s government in Quebec by journalists and figures such as Andre Laurendeau Claude Ryan a federalist took the helm in 1964 followed by Jean Louis Roy in 1980 then Benoit Lauziere in 1986 In 1990 the paper appointed its first woman editor in chief when Lise Bissonnette succeeded Lauziere and firmly establishing the paper s sovereignist orientation following the federalist years of Ryan and his successors 4 She would continue on in her post until 1998 with the current editor in chief Bernard Descoteaux taking over the following year While the paper has in recent times become associated with the Quebec nationalist movement Bourassa himself was in fact opposed to the notion of a separate Francophone state believing instead in an Anglo French conception of Canada in which French speaking Canadians would see their culture recognized as equal and protected and encouraged from coast to coast Instances of this view can be found in both his campaign for Franco Ontarian rights as well as his ardent opposition to controversial priest and historian Lionel Groulx in the 1920s following Groulx s musing on the possibility and desirability of a separate Quebec state 4 That said the history of Le Devoir would become characterized by varying phases as well as shades of French Canadian and later Quebecois nationalism opening its pages in the troubled 1930s to Groulx and his followers yet seeing a federalist at its helm in 1964 in the form of Claude Ryan who in 1978 would go on to become leader of the federalist Quebec Liberal Party Ideologically Le Devoir has been a chief voice against military intervention and in favour of pacifism and social democracy opposing conscription in World War II see Conscription Crisis of 1944 and endorsing under federalist Ryan s tenure the election of Rene Levesque s Parti Quebecois in the 1976 election despite its platform centred on Quebecois nationalism Once considered a reformist paper it has recently been associated less with ideas that challenge the status quo of Quebec s economic political and cultural issues Business Edit Le Devoir trip to Acadia Grand Pre 1924Le Devoir began as several other businesses besides the newspaper These ventures included a general printer and publishing house a bookstore and a travel agency Trips were initially organized to coincide with Catholic congresses around the world as well as for pilgrimages allowing Quebecois to visit the French diaspora across North America Such trips included Acadia 1924 1927 Ontario 1925 and Louisiana 1931 The purpose of the travel venture was said Napoleon Lafortune to extend the work of the newspaper to defend the French language and the Catholic faith but by other means 6 The unusual service officially lasted from 1924 to 1947 though it effectively ended at the start of World War II when international civilian travel became very difficult Le Devoir has a relatively low circulation of about 34 000 on weekdays and 58 000 on Saturdays Its financial situation has often been precarious and recent years are no exception in 2002 it had revenues of 14 376 530 with a meager profit of 13 524 while the previous year it had made a small loss Other information EditThe newspaper s original slogan was Fais ce que dois Do what you must Le Devoir means the duty in French Its current slogan is Libre de penser Free to think In 1993 following a redesign by Lucie Lacava a Montreal based design consultant the Society for News Design awarded Le Devoir Best of Show award for Overall Design Excellence and in 1994 the same group awarded it its Gold award in the Feature Design category 7 In September 2011 the National Film Board of Canada and Le Devoir announced that they will be jointly hosting three interactive essays on their websites ONF ca and ledevoir com 8 Le Devoir headquarters have been located in Montreal at 71A rue Saint Jacques from 1910 to 1914 at 443 rue Saint Vincent in Old Montreal from 1914 to 1924 at 430 rue Notre Dame East from 1924 to 1972 at 211 rue du Saint Sacrement from 1972 to 1992 at 2050 rue de Bleury from 1992 to 2016 before moving to 1265 rue Berri on December 11 2016 9 Publishers EditHenri Bourassa 1910 1932 Georges Pelletier 1932 1947 Gerard Filion 1947 1963 Claude Ryan 1963 1978 Jean Louis Roy 1980 1986 Benoit Lauziere 1986 1990 Lise Bissonnette 1990 1998 Bernard Descoteaux 1999 2016 Brian Myles 2016 current Contributors EditNotable contributors have included the following Stephane Baillargeon Pierre Bourgault Sylvain Cormier Gil Courtemanche Michel David Fabien Deglise Henriette Dessaulles Fadette Jean Dion Louis Hamelin Chantal Hebert Normand Hudon Napoleon Lafortune Pierre Laporte Andre Laurendeau Jean Marc Leger Gilles Marcotte Christian Rioux Michel Roy Paul Sauriol Michel VenneSee also EditList of Quebec media List of newspapers in CanadaMontreal newspapers The Gazette La Presse Le Journal de Montreal Metro Montreal Daily News defunct Montreal Star defunct Notes Edit La Presse ceased physical publication in 2016 and is now available only as a digital newspaper References Edit Audit Bureau of Circulations e Circ data for the six months ending September 30 2011 Retrieved February 16 2012 Les parlementaires quebecois et Le Devoir dans le monde des medias Communication Vol 29 No 2 2012 Endorsements opinions flourish in Quebec cbc ca October 10 2008 Retrieved January 17 2010 a b c d Bourassa Henri Avant le combat Le Devoir Paul Bennett Prendre la route avec Le Devoir January 9 2010 Society of News Design Best of Newspaper Design office snd org Retrieved January 25 2017 L ONF et Le Devoir s associent pour diffuser des essais interactifs Cyberpresse in French Montreal September 13 2011 Retrieved September 15 2011 in French Le Devoir un journal qui demenage Jean Dion Le Devoir December 10 2016 External links EditOfficial website Mobile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Le Devoir amp oldid 1149841379, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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