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Name of the Czech Republic

January 01, 1970

The Czech Republic's official long and short names at the United Nations are Česká republika and Česko in Czech, and the Czech Republic and Czechia in English.[1] All these names derive from the name of the Czechs, the West Slavic ethnolinguistic group native to the Czech Republic. Czechia (/ˈtʃɛkiə/), the official English short name specified by the Czech government, is used by many international organisations.

Müller's map of Bohemia (Kingdom of Bohemia), 1720
Müller's map of Moravia (Margraviate of Moravia), 1720

Attested as early as 1841,[2] then, for example in 1856[3] or 1866,[4] the word Czechia and the forms derived from it are always used by the authors synonymously with the territory of Bohemia (Kingdom of Bohemia at that time).[5]

The Czech name Čechy is from the same root but means Bohemia, the westernmost and largest historical region of modern Czechia. The name Bohemia is an exonym derived from the Boii, a Celtic tribe inhabiting the area before the early Slavs arrived. The Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1348–1918) were part of the Holy Roman Empire; often called "the Czech lands", they sometimes extended further, to all of Silesia, Lusatia, and various smaller territories. The Czech adjective český means both "Czech" and "Bohemian".

The Czech Republic's official formal and short names in Czech were decided at its creation after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

Czech-language name edit

The country is named after the Czechs (Czech: Češi), a Slavic tribe residing in central Bohemia that subdued the surrounding tribes in the late 9th century and created the Czech/Bohemian state. The origin of the name of the tribe itself is unknown. According to legend, it comes from their leader Čech, who brought them to Bohemia. Research regards Čech as a derivative of the root čel- (member of the people, kinsman).[12]

Several variants of the name have been used over the centuries, due to the evolution of the Czech language. The digraph "cž" was used from the time of the 16th-century Bible of Kralice until the reform of 1842, being eventually replaced by "č" (changing Cžechy to Čechy). In the late 19th century the suffix for the names of countries changed from -y to -sko (e.g. Rakousy → Rakousko for Austria, Uhry → Uhersko for Hungary). While the notion of Česko appears for the first time in 1704, it only came into official use in 1918 as the first part of the name of the newly independent Czechoslovakia (Česko-Slovensko or Československo) . Within that state, the Czech Socialist Republic (Česká socialistická republika, ČSR)[9] was created on 1 January 1969.[13] On 6 March 1990 the Czech Socialist Republic was renamed the Czech Republic (Česká republika, ČR).[14] When Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993, the Czech part of the name was intended to serve as the name of the Czech state. The decision started a dispute as many perceived the "new" word Česko, which before had been only rarely used alone, as harsh sounding or as a remnant of Československo.[15] The older term Čechy was rejected by many because it was primarily associated with Bohemia proper and to use it for the whole country was seen as inappropriate. This feeling was especially prominent among the inhabitants of Moravia.[citation needed]

The use of the word "Česko" within the country itself has increased in recent years.[citation needed][note 1] During the 1990s, "Česko" was rarely used and viewed as controversial. Some Czech politicians and public figures (e.g. media magnate Vladimír Železný) expressed concern about the non-use of Česko and Czechia.[citation needed] Václav Havel claimed that "Slugs crawl on me a little whenever I read or hear the word [Česko]." In 1997, the Civic Initiative Czechia was formed by linguists and geographers in Brno to promote the use of Czechia.[16] The following year, a conference of professionals aimed at encouraging the use of the name was held at Charles University in Prague. The Czech Senate held a session on the issue in 2004.[17][18]

English-language name edit

The historical English name of the country is Bohemia, derived ultimately from Germanic Boi-haima, meaning "home of the Boii", a Celtic tribe who inhabited the area from the 4th century BC. The name survived all the later migrations affecting the area, including the arrival of the Slavs and the creation of the Czech state. In the 9th century, the country became officially known as the Duchy of Bohemia, changing to the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 11th century, and the Crown of Bohemia in the 14th century. The Bohemian state included the three historical lands: Bohemia proper (Čechy), Moravia (Morava) and Silesia (Slezsko). From the 14th century until 1635 it also included Upper and Lower Lusatia. The higher hierarchical status of the Bohemian region led to that name being used for the larger country (a linguistic device called pars pro toto), and the people and language of that country were referred to as Bohemian in English until the early 20th century. A number of other names for the country have been used, including Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Czech/Bohemian lands, Bohemian Crown, the lands of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas and others.[19][20]

The first known usage of the word Czechia in English comes from a book of 1841 by Henry and Thomas Rose, A New General Biographical Dictionary Projected and Partly Arranged.[21][19]

Shortly before the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire, there were proposals to use the traditional name Bohemia for the newly formed state.[22] However, out of consideration for Slovak national aspirations, the name "Czecho-Slovakia" (later "Czechoslovakia") was adopted instead.

After the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the name Czechia appeared in English, alongside the official name, as a reference to all the Czech lands[23] and to differentiate between the Czech and Slovak parts of the state. It was used at least as early as 4 January 1925; appearing in the article "Literary History of the Czechs", published by The New York Times.[24] The name was used in the Anglophone press before the German occupation of the Czech lands in 1939.[25][26][27][28]

The current English ethnonym "Czech" comes from the Czech ethnonym associated with the area spelled historically as "Cžech" until the reform of 1842, possibly influenced by Latin "Czechus", or the Polish spelling "Czech".[29][30][31] The words "Czechian", "Czechish", "Czechic" and later "Czech" (using antiquated Czech spelling)[19] have appeared in English-language texts since the 17th century. During the 19th-century national revival, the word "Czech" was also used to distinguish between the Czech- and German-speaking peoples living in the country. The term "Czechia" is attested as early as 1569 in Latin[19] and 1841 in English (Poselkynie starych Przjbiehuw Czeskych – Messenger of the old Fates of Czechia).[21][19] There were other early mentions in 1856[32] and in an 1866 report on the Austro-Prussian War.[33]

Latin-language name edit

 
Pavel Stránský ze Záp, Respublica Bojema, 1634: I. De situ qualitatibusque Bojemiae.

Although in Latin the Bohemian lands (three historical regions of Bohemia (Čechy), Moravia (Morava), and Silesia (Slezsko) were referred to by the collective name Bohemia, based on the fact that they were part of the whole "Corona regni Bohemiae" (Bohemian Crown), in the first half of the 16th century Bohemia (proper) was referred to as Czechia, the first historically documented record of which can be found in the Chronicle of Bohemia (Kronyka Czeska) of Václav Hájek z Libočan in 1541. (Václav Hájek did not use the term in the Latin text, but in the Czech text; he replaced the present letter Č with the then-existing digraph Cž, i.e. Cžechya.[34]

In the second half of the 16th century the name Czechia began to be commonly used in Latin and in 1598 Czechia was listed in the Bohemian(Czech)-Latin-Greek-German dictionary published by Daniel Adam z Veleslavína.[35]

Furthermore, the designation Czechia is mentioned, for example, by Pavel Stránský ze Záp in his work Respublica Bojema from 1634, who mentions it already in his first chapter De situ qualitatibusque Bojemiae: "Europaei orbis ea regio, quam (quemadmodum Chorographis placet) inter longitudinis gradum trigesimum quartum et quintum aliquanto ultra trigesimum octavum, et inter latitudinis gradum quadragesimum octavum et nonum ad quinquagesimum primum, gens mea colit, usitato jam nomine Bojemia, seu Bohemia, et Boemia, itemque Czechia vocatur.". In Emanuel Tonner's translation, 1893: On the location and nature of the country of Bohemia: "That country in Europe, that part of the world, in which (as geographers teach) according to the longitude between the thirty-fourth and fifth degrees to the thirty-eighth, and according to the latitude between the forty-eighth and ninth degrees to the fifty-first, the Bohemians (Čechové, Czechs, i.e. Czech people) inhabit, my nation, by its usual name, is called Bohemia (Čechy, i.e. Czechia"). The description includes County of Kladsko, which belonged to Bohemia until 1742 (historical territory of Bohemia). Further east from Bohemia is Moravia.[36]

The Latin name was later adopted into English (as well as the common "Bohemia" in the past).

Former proposals edit

In accordance with Resolution No. 4 I. of the UN conference on the standardization of geographic names (Geneva 1967) and Resolution No. 2 III. of the UN conference on the standardization of geographic names (Athens 1977), the Terminological Committee of the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping, and Cadaster in cooperation with the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs standardized Czechia as the English translation of Česko in early 1993.[37]

Other names suggested in the 1990s included Czechomoravia or Czechlands.[38]

The designation of the Czech Republic as Czechomoravia can also be encountered later, after 2016, in connection with efforts to promote the designation Czechia.[39][better source needed] In an open letter dated 31 December 2022, Jaroslav Krábek – president of the civic association Moravian National Community, called for the use of Czechomoravia as the name for the Czech-Moravian-Silesian area. This would be justified by the fact that the terms Čechy (Bohemia) and its variant Česko (Czechia) both have the same root. Therefore, the use of the proper name Czechia for the whole country would be to emphasise only Bohemia at the expense of Moravia. Jaroslav Krábek concludes that only the name Czechomoravia (and Czechomoravian) accurately reflects the geographical composition of the country.[40]

Adoption of Czechia edit

The government of the Czech Republic recommended the standardization of the form "Czechia" as the English translation of Česko in early 1993.[37]

In 2013, Czech president Miloš Zeman recommended the wider official use of Czechia in English sources,[41] and on 14 April 2016 the government passed a resolution to make Czechia the official short name of the country.[42] The new name was approved by the Czech cabinet on 2 May 2016 and registered on 5 July 2016.[clarification needed][43][44] In November 2016 the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs presented recommendations on how to use the short name Czechia in international contexts.[45] On 1 June 2017, the geography department of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University in Prague organised a special conference to assess the progress of the name's proliferation.[46]

The new short name was published in the United Nations UNTERM and UNGEGN country name databases on 17 May 2016;[1][7][47] and is since then used on name plates at the United Nations. In September 2016, the British Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recommended the use of Czechia and added it as the sole form of the country name to their list of country names.[48] On 26 September 2016, the International Organization for Standardization included the short name Czechia in the official ISO 3166 country codes list.[49][50]

In 2018, the European Union updated its official guidelines and replaced "Czech Republic" with "Czechia" as the short name of the country. The same was done by the Council of Europe.[51]

Multinational technology companies that adopt the name Czechia include Google,[52] Apple,[53] and Microsoft.[54][55] The business network LinkedIn updated its locations to Czechia in October 2020.[56]

In 2021, the government of the United States started using the form Czechia instead of Czech Republic as the short name for the country.[57]

The International Ice Hockey Federation updated to Czechia in December 2021.[58] On 28 April 2022, a conference of all sports associations was held under the patronage of the Foreign Ministry at the Czernin Palace. Following basketball, ice hockey, baseball, rugby, and association football, which started to use the short name, all remaining sports agreed to transition to the short name Czechia shortly.[59] The Czech Football Association announced the adoption of the names Česko and Czechia on 24 May 2022.[60]

AP Stylebook updated on 1 July 2022 online entry with the following statement: "Czechia, the Czech Republic. Both are acceptable. The shorter name Czechia is preferred by the Czech government. If using Czechia, clarify in the story that the country is more widely known in English as the Czech Republic."[61]

In August 2022, the United Nations list of member states was updated to Czechia and the exception of keeping the long form of the name on the country plates was dropped.[62]

In September 2022, the UEFA website was updated to Czechia.[63] NATO, the World Bank, FIFA, ISU and the Universal Postal Union switched to Czechia in October 2022.[64][65][66][67][68]

On 1 November 2022, the Czech Olympic Committee requested the International Olympic Committee and European Olympic Committees to enter the name Czechia into their databases of countries for sports competitions. These were both adjusted.[69][70][71]

In January 2023, The Czech Ministry of Tourism updated the website VisitCzechRepublic.com to VisitCzechia.com.[72]

On 10 February 2023, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the organisers of the Eurovision Song Contest, began to refer to the country as Czechia with the name being changed on the Eurovision website. This was announced with the release of the Czech entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023, upon which the EBU confirmed that the country would be referred to as Czechia at the contest going forward.[73]

The government of Canada adopted the short name Czechia in 2023.[74][75][76] Lonely Planet tour guides began using the name in June 2023.[77] OECD and OSCE adopted Czechia in October 2023.[78][79]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ According to the official Czech list of country names: "Česko is a standardized one-word name of the state, which is officially named Česká republika according to its constitution".[6]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "The Czech Republic". The United Nations Terminology Database. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  2. ^ Rose, Hugh James (1841). "A New General Biographical Dictionary, Vol. III, BAH-BEE".
  3. ^ "Notes and Queries: Medium of Inter-Communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. Second Series, Volume Second, July-December, 1856". 1856.
  4. ^ "Latest from Prussia. The Mercury, page 4, Saturday, 21 July 1866". Mercury. 21 July 1866.
  5. ^ Beckovský, Jan František (1700). "Poselkyně starých přjběhůw cžeských, aneb, Kronyka cžeska od prwnjho do nyněgssý Země cžeské přjchozu dwauch knjžat charwátských Cžecha y Lecha wlastnjch bratřj až do sstiastného panowánj cýsaře ržjmského, krále cžeského [et] c. Ferdynanda prwnjho wždyckny wjtěze slawného. K rozmnoženj obecného dobrého, k zwelebenj gazyka cžeského, a k prospěchu bližnjho. Djl prwnj w němž se někteřj cyzý přjběhowé nacházegj, kteřj k domácým přináležegjce od nich se odcyzyti nemohli" (in Czech). Praha (Staré Město pražské): Jan Karel Jeřábek. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  6. ^ a b Boháč, Pavel; Kolář, Jaroslav (1993). Jména států a jejich územních částí [Names of states and their territorial parts] (in Czech). Praha: Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální. ISBN 978-8-08691-857-0.
  7. ^ a b "World Geographical Names database". UNGEGN. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Ústava České republiky ze dne 16. prosince 1992" [Constitution of the Czech Republic of 16 December 1992]. Parliament of the Czech Republic (in Czech). Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  9. ^ a b Knappová, Miloslava (1983). "Česko = Česká socialistická republika". Naše řeč (in Czech). 66 (4): 205–206. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  10. ^ . Ústav pro jazyk český (in Czech). Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
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  16. ^ "Česko/Czechia". The Civic Initiative Czechia. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  17. ^ "Funkční rozlišování spisovných názvů Česká republika a Česko a jejich cizojazyčných ekvivalentů" [Functional differentiation of literary names Czech Republic and Czechia and their equivalents in foreign languages]. Senate of the Czech Republic (in Czech). 11 May 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  18. ^ "Těsnopisecký záznam ze 7. veřejného slyšení Senátu Parlamentu České republiky" [Stenographic record of the 7th public hearing of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic]. Senate of the Czech Republic (in Czech). 11 May 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  19. ^ a b c d e Šitler, Jiří (1 July 2017). "Czechia si to bude muset protrpět" [Czechia will have to endure it]. Lidové noviny (in Czech). Retrieved 6 July 2017 – via PressReader.
  20. ^ Moryson, Fynes (1908) [1626]. The Itinerary of Fynes Moryson Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Italy, Turky, France, England, Scotland & Ireland (Volume IV). Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  21. ^ a b Rose, Hugh James; Rose, Henry John; Wright, Thomas (1 January 1841). A New General Biographical Dictionary Projected and Partly Arranged. Fellowes. Retrieved 10 May 2017 – via Google Books.
  22. ^ Beneš, Edvard (1917). Bohemia's case for independence. London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-405-02734-6.
  23. ^ Munzar, Jan; Drápela, Milan Václav (1999). "Czechia = Bohemia + Moravia + Silesia". Moravian Geographical Report (in Czech). 7 (2). Brno: Ústav Geoniky: 58–61. Retrieved 31 December 2019 – via Masaryk University.
  24. ^ "Literary History of the Czechs". The New York Times. 4 January 1925. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  25. ^ "Soviet Note to Germany". The New York Times. 20 March 1939. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  26. ^ "Saving The Children". The Palestine Post. 28 December 1939. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  27. ^ "Dr. Benes Broadcasts To His Countrymen". The Barrier Miner. Broken Hill, New South Wales. 16 March 1940. p. 6. Retrieved 10 May 2017 – via Trove.
  28. ^ "Search results containing "Czechia"". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  29. ^ "Czech definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  30. ^ "Czech". American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  31. ^ . Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018. Origin Polish spelling of Czech Čech.
  32. ^ "Replies to Minor Queries". Notes and Queries. II (27). Oxford University Press: 20. July 1856. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  33. ^ "Latest From Prussia". The Mercury. Hobart, Tasmania. 21 July 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 10 May 2017 – via Trove.
  34. ^ Hájek z Libočan, Václav (1819). Kronyka Czeská (reprint). Brno: Rytijrž Jan Ferdynand z Ssenfeldu.
  35. ^ Šitler, Jiří (2 July 2017). "Czechia si to bude muset protrpět". Lidové noviny - Orientace (in Czech). pp. 1, 20.
  36. ^ Mistra Pavla Stránského ze Zapské Stránky poopravené i rozmnožené vypsání vší obce království českého. Z latiny přeložil, životopisem Stránského a mnohými poznámkami opatřil Emanuel Tonner. Praha: V Praze Tiskem J. Otty. 1893. p. 1.
  37. ^ a b Čižmárová, Libuše (1993). "K peripetiím vývoje názvů našeho státu a postojů k nim od roku 1918 (Příspěvek k 80. výročí vzniku Československé republiky)". Naše řeč (in Czech). 82 (1): 1–15.
  38. ^ Rocks, David (10 May 1998). . Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  39. ^ "Czechomoravia". 25 April 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  40. ^ Krábek, Jaroslav (1 January 2023). "Výzva všem Moravanům!". Moravský národ. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  41. ^ McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte (11 October 2013). "What's in a name? Czech Republic mulls shock rebranding as Czechia". The Independent. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  42. ^ "Czechia: Czech Republic leaders approve plan to change country's name". The Independent. 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  43. ^ "Vláda schválila doplnení jednoslovného názvu Cesko v cizích jazycích do databází OSN" [The government has approved the addition of one-word Czech name in foreign languages to UN databases]. Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky (in Czech). 2 May 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  44. ^ Tapon, Francis (22 May 2017). "Czechia Has Won The Czech Republic Name Debate". Forbes. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  45. ^ "How to Use the Short Country name "Czechia"". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 11 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  46. ^ Fraňková, Ruth (8 June 2017). "Czechia: mapping progress one year on". Radio Prague. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  47. ^ "Short country name "Česko"/"Czechia" to be entered in UN databases". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  48. ^ "Czechia: New English-language country name for the Czech Republic" (PDF). Permanent Committee on Geographical Names. September 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  49. ^ "CZ: ISO 3166 codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  50. ^ Laughland, Oliver (14 April 2016). "Czech Republic officials say country would like to be called 'Czechia' instead". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  51. ^ "Publications Office – Interinstitutional Style Guide – Annex A5 – List of countries, territories and currencies". publications.europa.eu. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  52. ^ "A je to "oficiální". Mapy Google začaly Česku říkat Czechia" [And it's "official". Google Maps calls Česko Czechia]. iDNES (in Czech). 20 January 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  53. ^ Chan, Sewell (19 April 2018). "Swaziland's King Wants His Country to Be Called eSwatini". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  54. ^ "Maps". www.bing.com.
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  56. ^ "LinkedIn: Log In or Sign Up". LinkedIn.
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  58. ^ . Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
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  60. ^ "Komuniké ze zasedání VV FAČR ze dne 24. 5. 2022 | FAČR". Fotbal.cz. 24 May 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  61. ^ @APStylebook (1 July 2022). "We have a new Stylebook Online entry: Czechia, the Czech Republic.Both are acceptable. The shorter name Czechia is…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  62. ^ "Member States".
  63. ^ "Czechia". Uefa.com. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  64. ^ NATO. "Member countries". NATO. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  65. ^ "Czechia | Data".
  66. ^ "FIFA".
  67. ^ "Czechia - ISU".
  68. ^ "Member Countries".
  69. ^ "Český olympijský výbor požádá o zápis názvu Czechia do mezinárodní sportovní databáze".
  70. ^ "Czechia - International Olympic Committee".
  71. ^ "Czechia - European Olympic Committee". 11 October 2016.
  72. ^ "VisitCzechia". 6 February 2024.
  73. ^ "Czechia - Eurovision.tv".
  74. ^ "Canada and Czechia". 22 July 2021.
  75. ^ "Travel advice and advisories for Czechia". 16 November 2012.
  76. ^ "Canada-Czechia relations". 20 May 2020.
  77. ^ "Prague & Czechia".
  78. ^ https://www.oecd.org/czech/
  79. ^ "Participating States".

External links edit

 
Look up Czech Republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • [Open letter to the Czech Olympic Foundation, Czech Sports Union, politicians, business people, media, etc."]. National Geographic (in Czech). 7 May 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  • Daniela Lazarova (13 May 2004). "Looking for a name". Radio Prague. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  • Leoš Jeleček (1999). . Archived from the original on 7 August 2011.
  • Jiří Šitler (12 July 2016). "From Bohemia to Czechia". Radio Prague. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  • Which form of the country's name, “Czechia” or “the Czech Republic”, is preferred for international use, and in what contexts should each be applied?, 2024 recommendations from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic

January 01, 1970
name, czech, republic, czech, republic, official, long, short, names, united, nations, Česká, republika, Česko, czech, czech, republic, czechia, english, these, names, derive, from, name, czechs, west, slavic, ethnolinguistic, group, native, czech, republic, c. The Czech Republic s official long and short names at the United Nations are Ceska republika and Cesko in Czech and the Czech Republic and Czechia in English 1 All these names derive from the name of the Czechs the West Slavic ethnolinguistic group native to the Czech Republic Czechia ˈ tʃ ɛ k i e the official English short name specified by the Czech government is used by many international organisations Muller s map of Bohemia Kingdom of Bohemia 1720 Muller s map of Moravia Margraviate of Moravia 1720 Attested as early as 1841 2 then for example in 1856 3 or 1866 4 the word Czechia and the forms derived from it are always used by the authors synonymously with the territory of Bohemia Kingdom of Bohemia at that time 5 The Czech name Cechy is from the same root but means Bohemia the westernmost and largest historical region of modern Czechia The name Bohemia is an exonym derived from the Boii a Celtic tribe inhabiting the area before the early Slavs arrived The Lands of the Bohemian Crown 1348 1918 were part of the Holy Roman Empire often called the Czech lands they sometimes extended further to all of Silesia Lusatia and various smaller territories The Czech adjective cesky means both Czech and Bohemian The Czech Republic s official formal and short names in Czech were decided at its creation after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 6 7 8 9 10 11 Contents 1 Czech language name 2 English language name 3 Latin language name 4 Former proposals 5 Adoption of Czechia 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksCzech language name editThe country is named after the Czechs Czech Cesi a Slavic tribe residing in central Bohemia that subdued the surrounding tribes in the late 9th century and created the Czech Bohemian state The origin of the name of the tribe itself is unknown According to legend it comes from their leader Cech who brought them to Bohemia Research regards Cech as a derivative of the root cel member of the people kinsman 12 Several variants of the name have been used over the centuries due to the evolution of the Czech language The digraph cz was used from the time of the 16th century Bible of Kralice until the reform of 1842 being eventually replaced by c changing Czechy to Cechy In the late 19th century the suffix for the names of countries changed from y to sko e g Rakousy Rakousko for Austria Uhry Uhersko for Hungary While the notion of Cesko appears for the first time in 1704 it only came into official use in 1918 as the first part of the name of the newly independent Czechoslovakia Cesko Slovensko or Ceskoslovensko Within that state the Czech Socialist Republic Ceska socialisticka republika CSR 9 was created on 1 January 1969 13 On 6 March 1990 the Czech Socialist Republic was renamed the Czech Republic Ceska republika CR 14 When Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993 the Czech part of the name was intended to serve as the name of the Czech state The decision started a dispute as many perceived the new word Cesko which before had been only rarely used alone as harsh sounding or as a remnant of Ceskoslovensko 15 The older term Cechy was rejected by many because it was primarily associated with Bohemia proper and to use it for the whole country was seen as inappropriate This feeling was especially prominent among the inhabitants of Moravia citation needed The use of the word Cesko within the country itself has increased in recent years citation needed note 1 During the 1990s Cesko was rarely used and viewed as controversial Some Czech politicians and public figures e g media magnate Vladimir Zelezny expressed concern about the non use of Cesko and Czechia citation needed Vaclav Havel claimed that Slugs crawl on me a little whenever I read or hear the word Cesko In 1997 the Civic Initiative Czechia was formed by linguists and geographers in Brno to promote the use of Czechia 16 The following year a conference of professionals aimed at encouraging the use of the name was held at Charles University in Prague The Czech Senate held a session on the issue in 2004 17 18 English language name editThe historical English name of the country is Bohemia derived ultimately from Germanic Boi haima meaning home of the Boii a Celtic tribe who inhabited the area from the 4th century BC The name survived all the later migrations affecting the area including the arrival of the Slavs and the creation of the Czech state In the 9th century the country became officially known as the Duchy of Bohemia changing to the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 11th century and the Crown of Bohemia in the 14th century The Bohemian state included the three historical lands Bohemia proper Cechy Moravia Morava and Silesia Slezsko From the 14th century until 1635 it also included Upper and Lower Lusatia The higher hierarchical status of the Bohemian region led to that name being used for the larger country a linguistic device called pars pro toto and the people and language of that country were referred to as Bohemian in English until the early 20th century A number of other names for the country have been used including Lands of the Bohemian Crown Czech Bohemian lands Bohemian Crown the lands of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas and others 19 20 The first known usage of the word Czechia in English comes from a book of 1841 by Henry and Thomas Rose A New General Biographical Dictionary Projected and Partly Arranged 21 19 Shortly before the disintegration of the Austro Hungarian empire there were proposals to use the traditional name Bohemia for the newly formed state 22 However out of consideration for Slovak national aspirations the name Czecho Slovakia later Czechoslovakia was adopted instead After the establishment of Czechoslovakia the name Czechia appeared in English alongside the official name as a reference to all the Czech lands 23 and to differentiate between the Czech and Slovak parts of the state It was used at least as early as 4 January 1925 appearing in the article Literary History of the Czechs published by The New York Times 24 The name was used in the Anglophone press before the German occupation of the Czech lands in 1939 25 26 27 28 The current English ethnonym Czech comes from the Czech ethnonym associated with the area spelled historically as Czech until the reform of 1842 possibly influenced by Latin Czechus or the Polish spelling Czech 29 30 31 The words Czechian Czechish Czechic and later Czech using antiquated Czech spelling 19 have appeared in English language texts since the 17th century During the 19th century national revival the word Czech was also used to distinguish between the Czech and German speaking peoples living in the country The term Czechia is attested as early as 1569 in Latin 19 and 1841 in English Poselkynie starych Przjbiehuw Czeskych Messenger of the old Fates of Czechia 21 19 There were other early mentions in 1856 32 and in an 1866 report on the Austro Prussian War 33 Latin language name edit nbsp Pavel Stransky ze Zap Respublica Bojema 1634 I De situ qualitatibusque Bojemiae Although in Latin the Bohemian lands three historical regions of Bohemia Cechy Moravia Morava and Silesia Slezsko were referred to by the collective name Bohemia based on the fact that they were part of the whole Corona regni Bohemiae Bohemian Crown in the first half of the 16th century Bohemia proper was referred to as Czechia the first historically documented record of which can be found in the Chronicle of Bohemia Kronyka Czeska of Vaclav Hajek z Libocan in 1541 Vaclav Hajek did not use the term in the Latin text but in the Czech text he replaced the present letter C with the then existing digraph Cz i e Czechya 34 In the second half of the 16th century the name Czechia began to be commonly used in Latin and in 1598 Czechia was listed in the Bohemian Czech Latin Greek German dictionary published by Daniel Adam z Veleslavina 35 Furthermore the designation Czechia is mentioned for example by Pavel Stransky ze Zap in his work Respublica Bojema from 1634 who mentions it already in his first chapter De situ qualitatibusque Bojemiae Europaei orbis ea regio quam quemadmodum Chorographis placet inter longitudinis gradum trigesimum quartum et quintum aliquanto ultra trigesimum octavum et inter latitudinis gradum quadragesimum octavum et nonum ad quinquagesimum primum gens mea colit usitato jam nomine Bojemia seu Bohemia et Boemia itemque Czechia vocatur In Emanuel Tonner s translation 1893 On the location and nature of the country of Bohemia That country in Europe that part of the world in which as geographers teach according to the longitude between the thirty fourth and fifth degrees to the thirty eighth and according to the latitude between the forty eighth and ninth degrees to the fifty first the Bohemians Cechove Czechs i e Czech people inhabit my nation by its usual name is called Bohemia Cechy i e Czechia The description includes County of Kladsko which belonged to Bohemia until 1742 historical territory of Bohemia Further east from Bohemia is Moravia 36 The Latin name was later adopted into English as well as the common Bohemia in the past Former proposals editIn accordance with Resolution No 4 I of the UN conference on the standardization of geographic names Geneva 1967 and Resolution No 2 III of the UN conference on the standardization of geographic names Athens 1977 the Terminological Committee of the Czech Office for Surveying Mapping and Cadaster in cooperation with the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs standardized Czechia as the English translation of Cesko in early 1993 37 Other names suggested in the 1990s included Czechomoravia or Czechlands 38 The designation of the Czech Republic as Czechomoravia can also be encountered later after 2016 in connection with efforts to promote the designation Czechia 39 better source needed In an open letter dated 31 December 2022 Jaroslav Krabek president of the civic association Moravian National Community called for the use of Czechomoravia as the name for the Czech Moravian Silesian area This would be justified by the fact that the terms Cechy Bohemia and its variant Cesko Czechia both have the same root Therefore the use of the proper name Czechia for the whole country would be to emphasise only Bohemia at the expense of Moravia Jaroslav Krabek concludes that only the name Czechomoravia and Czechomoravian accurately reflects the geographical composition of the country 40 Adoption of Czechia editThe government of the Czech Republic recommended the standardization of the form Czechia as the English translation of Cesko in early 1993 37 In 2013 Czech president Milos Zeman recommended the wider official use of Czechia in English sources 41 and on 14 April 2016 the government passed a resolution to make Czechia the official short name of the country 42 The new name was approved by the Czech cabinet on 2 May 2016 and registered on 5 July 2016 clarification needed 43 44 In November 2016 the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs presented recommendations on how to use the short name Czechia in international contexts 45 On 1 June 2017 the geography department of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University in Prague organised a special conference to assess the progress of the name s proliferation 46 The new short name was published in the United Nations UNTERM and UNGEGN country name databases on 17 May 2016 1 7 47 and is since then used on name plates at the United Nations In September 2016 the British Permanent Committee on Geographical Names PCGN recommended the use of Czechia and added it as the sole form of the country name to their list of country names 48 On 26 September 2016 the International Organization for Standardization included the short name Czechia in the official ISO 3166 country codes list 49 50 In 2018 the European Union updated its official guidelines and replaced Czech Republic with Czechia as the short name of the country The same was done by the Council of Europe 51 Multinational technology companies that adopt the name Czechia include Google 52 Apple 53 and Microsoft 54 55 The business network LinkedIn updated its locations to Czechia in October 2020 56 In 2021 the government of the United States started using the form Czechia instead of Czech Republic as the short name for the country 57 The International Ice Hockey Federation updated to Czechia in December 2021 58 On 28 April 2022 a conference of all sports associations was held under the patronage of the Foreign Ministry at the Czernin Palace Following basketball ice hockey baseball rugby and association football which started to use the short name all remaining sports agreed to transition to the short name Czechia shortly 59 The Czech Football Association announced the adoption of the names Cesko and Czechia on 24 May 2022 60 AP Stylebook updated on 1 July 2022 online entry with the following statement Czechia the Czech Republic Both are acceptable The shorter name Czechia is preferred by the Czech government If using Czechia clarify in the story that the country is more widely known in English as the Czech Republic 61 In August 2022 the United Nations list of member states was updated to Czechia and the exception of keeping the long form of the name on the country plates was dropped 62 In September 2022 the UEFA website was updated to Czechia 63 NATO the World Bank FIFA ISU and the Universal Postal Union switched to Czechia in October 2022 64 65 66 67 68 On 1 November 2022 the Czech Olympic Committee requested the International Olympic Committee and European Olympic Committees to enter the name Czechia into their databases of countries for sports competitions These were both adjusted 69 70 71 In January 2023 The Czech Ministry of Tourism updated the website VisitCzechRepublic com to VisitCzechia com 72 On 10 February 2023 the European Broadcasting Union EBU the organisers of the Eurovision Song Contest began to refer to the country as Czechia with the name being changed on the Eurovision website This was announced with the release of the Czech entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 upon which the EBU confirmed that the country would be referred to as Czechia at the contest going forward 73 The government of Canada adopted the short name Czechia in 2023 74 75 76 Lonely Planet tour guides began using the name in June 2023 77 OECD and OSCE adopted Czechia in October 2023 78 79 See also edit nbsp Czech Republic portal nbsp Language portal Hyphen WarNotes edit According to the official Czech list of country names Cesko is a standardized one word name of the state which is officially named Ceska republika according to its constitution 6 References edit a b The Czech Republic The United Nations Terminology Database Retrieved 16 June 2023 Rose Hugh James 1841 A New General Biographical Dictionary Vol III BAH BEE Notes and Queries Medium of Inter Communication for Literary Men Artists Antiquaries Genealogists etc Second Series Volume Second July December 1856 1856 Latest from Prussia The Mercury page 4 Saturday 21 July 1866 Mercury 21 July 1866 Beckovsky Jan Frantisek 1700 Poselkyne starych prjbehuw czeskych aneb Kronyka czeska od prwnjho do nynegssy Zeme czeske prjchozu dwauch knjzat charwatskych Czecha y Lecha wlastnjch bratrj az do sstiastneho panowanj cysare rzjmskeho krale czeskeho et c Ferdynanda prwnjho wzdyckny wjteze slawneho K rozmnozenj obecneho dobreho k zwelebenj gazyka czeskeho a k prospechu bliznjho Djl prwnj w nemz se nekterj cyzy prjbehowe nachazegj kterj k domacym prinalezegjce od nich se odcyzyti nemohli in Czech Praha Stare Mesto prazske Jan Karel Jerabek Retrieved 6 January 2023 a b Bohac Pavel Kolar Jaroslav 1993 Jmena statu a jejich uzemnich casti Names of states and their territorial parts in Czech Praha Cesky urad zememericky a katastralni ISBN 978 8 08691 857 0 a b World Geographical Names database UNGEGN 25 April 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Ustava Ceske republiky ze dne 16 prosince 1992 Constitution of the Czech Republic of 16 December 1992 Parliament of the Czech Republic in Czech Retrieved 10 May 2017 a b Knappova Miloslava 1983 Cesko Ceska socialisticka republika Nase rec in Czech 66 4 205 206 Retrieved 10 May 2017 FAQ Cesko Ustav pro jazyk cesky in Czech Archived from the original on 9 March 2013 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Cesko Internetova jazykova prirucka IJP Online language guide in Czech 8 January 2012 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Spal Jaromir 1953 Puvod jmena Cech Origin of the name Cech Nase rec Our Speech in Czech 36 9 10 The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 263 267 Retrieved 11 October 2012 Ustavni zakon ze dne 27 rijna 1968 o ceskoslovenske federaci Constitutional Act of 27 October 1968 on the Czechoslovak Federation Parliament of the Czech Republic in Czech Retrieved 10 May 2017 53 1990 Sb Ustavni zakon Ceske narodni rady o zmene nazvu Ceske socialisticke republiky 53 1990 Sb Constitutional Act of the Czech National Council on the Change of the Name of the Czech Socialist Republic Zakony pro lidi in Czech Retrieved 10 May 2017 Lazarova Daniela 13 May 2004 Looking for a name Radio Prague Retrieved 27 January 2011 Cesko Czechia The Civic Initiative Czechia Retrieved 10 May 2017 Funkcni rozlisovani spisovnych nazvu Ceska republika a Cesko a jejich cizojazycnych ekvivalentu Functional differentiation of literary names Czech Republic and Czechia and their equivalents in foreign languages Senate of the Czech Republic in Czech 11 May 2004 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Tesnopisecky zaznam ze 7 verejneho slyseni Senatu Parlamentu Ceske republiky Stenographic record of the 7th public hearing of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic Senate of the Czech Republic in Czech 11 May 2004 Retrieved 10 May 2017 a b c d e Sitler Jiri 1 July 2017 Czechia si to bude muset protrpet Czechia will have to endure it Lidove noviny in Czech Retrieved 6 July 2017 via PressReader Moryson Fynes 1908 1626 The Itinerary of Fynes Moryson Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions of Germany Bohmerland Sweitzerland Netherland Denmarke Poland Italy Turky France England Scotland amp Ireland Volume IV Glasgow James MacLehose and Sons Retrieved 31 December 2019 a b Rose Hugh James Rose Henry John Wright Thomas 1 January 1841 A New General Biographical Dictionary Projected and Partly Arranged Fellowes Retrieved 10 May 2017 via Google Books Benes Edvard 1917 Bohemia s case for independence London Allen amp Unwin ISBN 0 405 02734 6 Munzar Jan Drapela Milan Vaclav 1999 Czechia Bohemia Moravia Silesia Moravian Geographical Report in Czech 7 2 Brno Ustav Geoniky 58 61 Retrieved 31 December 2019 via Masaryk University Literary History of the Czechs The New York Times 4 January 1925 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Soviet Note to Germany The New York Times 20 March 1939 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Saving The Children The Palestine Post 28 December 1939 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Dr Benes Broadcasts To His Countrymen The Barrier Miner Broken Hill New South Wales 16 March 1940 p 6 Retrieved 10 May 2017 via Trove Search results containing Czechia Chronicling America Library of Congress Retrieved 31 December 2019 Czech definition and meaning Collins English Dictionary HarperCollins Retrieved 19 November 2012 Czech American Heritage Dictionary Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Retrieved 24 January 2018 Czech Definition in English Oxford English Dictionary Oxford University Archived from the original on 12 April 2018 Retrieved 11 April 2018 Origin Polish spelling of Czech Cech Replies to Minor Queries Notes and Queries II 27 Oxford University Press 20 July 1856 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Latest From Prussia The Mercury Hobart Tasmania 21 July 1866 p 4 Retrieved 10 May 2017 via Trove Hajek z Libocan Vaclav 1819 Kronyka Czeska reprint Brno Rytijrz Jan Ferdynand z Ssenfeldu Sitler Jiri 2 July 2017 Czechia si to bude muset protrpet Lidove noviny Orientace in Czech pp 1 20 Mistra Pavla Stranskeho ze Zapske Stranky poopravene i rozmnozene vypsani vsi obce kralovstvi ceskeho Z latiny prelozil zivotopisem Stranskeho a mnohymi poznamkami opatril Emanuel Tonner Praha V Praze Tiskem J Otty 1893 p 1 a b Cizmarova Libuse 1993 K peripetiim vyvoje nazvu naseho statu a postoju k nim od roku 1918 Prispevek k 80 vyroci vzniku Ceskoslovenske republiky Nase rec in Czech 82 1 1 15 Rocks David 10 May 1998 After 5 Years Czech Republic Still Searching for a Short Name Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on 7 January 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Czechomoravia 25 April 2016 Retrieved 3 January 2023 Krabek Jaroslav 1 January 2023 Vyzva vsem Moravanum Moravsky narod Retrieved 9 January 2023 McDonald Gibson Charlotte 11 October 2013 What s in a name Czech Republic mulls shock rebranding as Czechia The Independent Retrieved 10 May 2017 Czechia Czech Republic leaders approve plan to change country s name The Independent 14 April 2016 Archived from the original on 18 June 2022 Retrieved 4 June 2022 Vlada schvalila doplneni jednoslovneho nazvu Cesko v cizich jazycich do databazi OSN The government has approved the addition of one word Czech name in foreign languages to UN databases Ministerstvo zahranicnich veci Ceske republiky in Czech 2 May 2016 Retrieved 28 August 2018 Tapon Francis 22 May 2017 Czechia Has Won The Czech Republic Name Debate Forbes Retrieved 31 December 2019 How to Use the Short Country name Czechia Ministry of Foreign Affairs 11 November 2016 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Frankova Ruth 8 June 2017 Czechia mapping progress one year on Radio Prague Retrieved 24 January 2018 Short country name Cesko Czechia to be entered in UN databases Ministry of Foreign Affairs 21 April 2016 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Czechia New English language country name for the Czech Republic PDF Permanent Committee on Geographical Names September 2016 Retrieved 31 December 2019 CZ ISO 3166 codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions International Organization for Standardization Retrieved 31 December 2019 Laughland Oliver 14 April 2016 Czech Republic officials say country would like to be called Czechia instead The Guardian Retrieved 31 December 2019 Publications Office Interinstitutional Style Guide Annex A5 List of countries territories and currencies publications europa eu Retrieved 31 July 2020 A je to oficialni Mapy Google zacaly Cesku rikat Czechia And it s official Google Maps calls Cesko Czechia iDNES in Czech 20 January 2017 Retrieved 16 September 2019 Chan Sewell 19 April 2018 Swaziland s King Wants His Country to Be Called eSwatini The New York Times Retrieved 31 December 2019 Maps www bing com Country region availability and supported languages Business Central docs microsoft com 25 January 2024 LinkedIn Log In or Sign Up LinkedIn Czechia The World Factbook 26 January 2022 Archived from the original on 26 January 2022 Retrieved 1 January 2024 IIHF Member National Association Czechia Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 7 May 2022 Czechia vs Czech republic Co budeme nosit na dresech www olympijskytym cz in Czech Retrieved 30 April 2022 Komunike ze zasedani VV FACR ze dne 24 5 2022 FACR Fotbal cz 24 May 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 APStylebook 1 July 2022 We have a new Stylebook Online entry Czechia the Czech Republic Both are acceptable The shorter name Czechia is Tweet via Twitter Member States Czechia Uefa com Retrieved 26 September 2022 NATO Member countries NATO Retrieved 3 October 2022 Czechia Data FIFA Czechia ISU Member Countries Cesky olympijsky vybor pozada o zapis nazvu Czechia do mezinarodni sportovni databaze Czechia International Olympic Committee Czechia European Olympic Committee 11 October 2016 VisitCzechia 6 February 2024 Czechia Eurovision tv Canada and Czechia 22 July 2021 Travel advice and advisories for Czechia 16 November 2012 Canada Czechia relations 20 May 2020 Prague amp Czechia https www oecd org czech Participating States External links edit nbsp Look up Czech Republic in Wiktionary the free dictionary Otevreny dopis ceskemu olympijskemu vyboru ceskym sportovnim svazum politikum podnikatelum mediim apod Open letter to the Czech Olympic Foundation Czech Sports Union politicians business people media etc National Geographic in Czech 7 May 2001 Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Daniela Lazarova 13 May 2004 Looking for a name Radio Prague Retrieved 8 October 2021 Leos Jelecek 1999 Cesko versus Czechy On the geographic name of the Czech Republic Archived from the original on 7 August 2011 Jiri Sitler 12 July 2016 From Bohemia to Czechia Radio Prague Retrieved 8 October 2021 Which form of the country s name Czechia or the Czech Republic is preferred for international use and in what contexts should each be applied 2024 recommendations from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Name of the Czech Republic amp oldid 1220605029, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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