Charles University

For other uses, see University of Prague (disambiguation).

Charles University (Czech: Univerzita Karlova, UK; Latin: Universitas Carolina; German: Karls-Universität), also known as Charles University in Prague or historically as the University of Prague (Latin: Universitas Pragensis), is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic.^[2] It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation.^[3] Today, the university consists of 17 faculties located in Prague, Hradec Králové, and Plzeň. Charles University belongs among the top three universities in Central and Eastern Europe.^[4][5] It is ranked around 300 in the world.^[6]

Charles University

Univerzita Karlova
Latin: Universitas Carolina
Former name	Charles University in Prague (Czech: Univerzita Karlova v Praze)
Type	Public, Ancient
Established	1348; 675 years ago (1348)
Budget	8.9 billion CZK^[1]
Rector	Milena Králíčková
Academic staff	4,057^[1]
Administrative staff	4,026^[1]
Students	51,438^[1]
Undergraduates	32,520^[1]
Postgraduates	9,288^[1]
Doctoral students	7,428^[1]
Location	Prague , Czech Republic 50°05′18″N 14°24′13″E / 50.0884°N 14.4037°E / 50.0884; 14.4037Coordinates: 50°05′18″N 14°24′13″E / 50.0884°N 14.4037°E / 50.0884; 14.4037
Campus	Urban
Colors
Affiliations	Coimbra Group EUA Europaeum
Website	www.cuni.cz/UKEN-1.html

History

 

Monument to the protector of the university, Emperor Charles IV, in Prague (built in 1848)

Medieval university (1349–1419)

The establishment of a medieval university in Prague was inspired by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.^[7] He asked his friend and ally, Pope Clement VI, to do so. On 26 January 1347 the pope issued the bull establishing a university in Prague, modeled on the University of Paris, with the full (4) number of faculties, that is including a theological faculty. On 7 April 1348 Charles, the king of Bohemia, gave to the established university privileges and immunities from the secular power in a Golden Bull^[8] and on 14 January 1349 he repeated that as the King of the Romans. Most Czech sources since the 19th century—encyclopedias, general histories, materials of the university itself—prefer to give 1348 as the year of the founding of the university, rather than 1347 or 1349. This was caused by an anticlerical shift in the 19th century, shared by both Czechs and Germans.

 

Teacher and students shown in a medieval manuscript from Bohemia

The university was opened in 1349. The university was sectioned into parts called nations: the Bohemian, Bavarian, Polish and Saxon. The Bohemian natio included Bohemians, Moravians, southern Slavs, and Hungarians; the Bavarian included Austrians, Swabians, natives of Franconia and of the Rhine provinces; the Polish included Silesians, Poles, Ruthenians; the Saxon included inhabitants of the Margravate of Meissen, Thuringia, Upper and Lower Saxony, Denmark, and Sweden.^[9] Ethnically Czech students made 16–20% of all students.^[10] Archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice took an active part in the foundation by obliging the clergy to contribute and became a chancellor of the university (i.e., director or manager).

The first graduate was promoted in 1359. The lectures were held in the colleges, of which the oldest was named for the king the Carolinum, established in 1366. In 1372 the Faculty of Law became an independent university.^[11]

In 1402 Jerome of Prague in Oxford copied out the Dialogus and Trialogus of John Wycliffe. The dean of the philosophical faculty, Jan Hus, translated Trialogus into the Czech language. In 1403 the university forbade its members to follow the teachings of Wycliffe, but his doctrine continued to gain in popularity.

In the Western Schism, the Bohemian nation took the side of king Wenceslaus and supported the Council of Pisa (1409). The other nations of the university declared their support for the side of Pope Gregory XII, thus the vote was 1:3 against the Bohemians. Hus and other Bohemians, though, took advantage of Wenceslaus' opposition to Gregory. By the Decree of Kutná Hora (German: Kuttenberg) on 18 January 1409, the king subverted the university constitution by granting the Bohemian masters three votes. Only a single vote was left for all other three nations combined, compared to one vote per each nation before. The result of this coup was the emigration of foreign (mostly German) professors and students, founding the University of Leipzig in May 1409. Before that, in 1408, the university had about 200 doctors and Masters, 500 bachelors, and 30,000 students^{[dubious ]}; it now lost a large part of this number, accounts of the loss varying from 5000 to 20,000^{[dubious ]} including 46 professors.^[9]

In the autumn of 1409, Hus was elected rector of the now Czech-dominated rump university. The standing of the university declined, and it became merely a regional institution with a very low status.^[12] Soon, in 1419, the faculties of theology and law disappeared, and only the faculty of arts remained in existence.

Protestant academy (1419–1622)

 

Carolinum – the oldest building of Charles University built in the 14th century

The faculty of arts became a centre of the Hussite movement, and the chief doctrinal authority of the Utraquists. No degrees were given in the years 1417–30; at times there were only eight or nine professors.^[9] Emperor Sigismund, son of Charles IV, took what was left into his personal property and some progress was made. The emperor Ferdinand I called the Jesuits to Prague and in 1562 they opened an academy—the Clementinum. From 1541 till 1558 the Czech humanist Mattheus Collinus [de] (1516–1566) was a professor of Greek language.^[13] Some progress was made again when the emperor Rudolph II took up residence in Prague. In 1609 the obligatory celibacy of the professors was abolished.^[14] In 1616 the Jesuit Academy became a university. (It could award academic degrees.)^[14]

Jesuits were expelled 1618–1621 during the early stages of the Thirty Years' War, which was started in Prague by anti-Catholic and anti-Imperial Bohemians. By 1622, the Jesuits had a predominant influence over the emperor. An Imperial decree of 19 September 1622 gave the Jesuits supreme control over the entire school system of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. The last four professors at the Carolinum resigned, and all of the Carolinum and nine colleges went to the Jesuits. The right of handing out degrees, of holding chancellorships, and of appointing the secular professors was also granted to the Jesuits.

Charles-Ferdinand University (1622–1882)

Cardinal Ernst Adalbert von Harrach actively opposed the union of the university with another institution, the withdrawal of the archiepiscopal right to the chancellorship, and prevented the drawing up of the Golden Bull for the confirmation of the grant to Jesuits. Cardinal Ernst funded the Collegium Adalbertinum, and in 1638, Emperor Ferdinand III limited the teaching monopoly enjoyed by the Jesuits. He took from them the rights, properties and archives of the Carolinum making the university once more independent under an imperial protector. During the last years of the Thirty Years' War the Charles Bridge in Prague was courageously defended by students of the Carolinum and Clementinum. Since 1650, those who received any degrees took an oath to maintain the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin, which has been renewed annually.

 

Baroque library hall in Clementinum, which originally belonged to the university, today part of Czech National Library

On 23 February 1654 emperor Ferdinand III merged Carolinum and Clementinum and created a single university with four faculties—Charles-Ferdinand University.^[15] Carolinum had at that time only the faculty of arts, as the only faculty surviving the period of the Hussite Wars. Starting at this time, the university designated itself Charles-Ferdinand University (Latin: Universitatis Carolinae Ferdinandeae). The dilapidated Carolinum was rebuilt in 1718 at the expense of the state.

The rebuilding and the bureaucratic reforms of universities in the Habsburg monarchy in 1752 and 1754 deprived the university of many of its former privileges. In 1757 a Dominican and an Augustinian were appointed to give theological instruction. However, there was a gradual introduction of enlightened reforms, and this process culminated at the end of the century when even non-Catholics were granted the right to study. On 29 July 1784, German replaced Latin as the language of instruction.^[16] For the first time Protestants were allowed, and soon after Jews. The university acknowledged the need for a Czech language and literature chair. Emperor Leopold II established it by a courtly decree on 28 October 1791. On 15 May 1792, scholar and historian Franz Martin Pelzel [cs]^[17] was named the professor of the chair. He started his lectures on 13 March 1793.^[18]

In the revolution of 1848, German and Czech students fought for the addition of the Czech language at the Charles-Ferdinand University as a language of lectures. Due to the demographic changes of the 19th century, Prague ceased to have a German-language majority around 1860. By 1863, 22 lecture courses were held in Czech, the remainder (out of 187) in German. In 1864, Germans suggested the creation of a separate Czech university. Czech professors rejected this because they did not wish to lose the continuity of university traditions.

Split into Czech and German universities

It soon became clear that neither the German-speaking Bohemians nor the Czechs were satisfied with the bilingual arrangement that the university had established after the revolutions of 1848. The Czechs also refused to support the idea of the reinstitution of the 1349 student nations, instead declaring their support for the idea of keeping the university together, but dividing it into separate colleges, one German and one Czech. This would allow both Germans and Czechs to retain the collective traditions of the university. German-speakers, however, quickly vetoed this proposal, preferring a pure German university: they proposed to split Charles-Ferdinand University into two separate institutions.

 

Doctoral diploma of the astronomer Friedrich Hopfner, issued 1905 by the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague

After long negotiations, Charles-Ferdinand was divided into a German Charles-Ferdinand University (German: Deutsche Karl-Ferdinands-Universität) and a Czech Charles-Ferdinand University (Czech: Česká universita Karlo-Ferdinandova) by an act of the Cisleithanian Imperial Council, which Emperor Franz Joseph sanctioned on 28 February 1882.^[19] Each section was entirely independent of the other, and enjoyed equal status. The two universities shared medical and scientific institutes, the old insignia, aula, library, and botanical garden, but common facilities were administrated by the German University. The first rector of the Czech University became Václav Vladivoj Tomek [de].

In 1890, the Royal and Imperial Czech Charles Ferdinand University had 112 teachers and 2,191 students and the Royal and Imperial German Charles Ferdinand University had 146 teachers and 1,483 students. Both universities had three faculties; the Theological Faculty remained the common until 1891, when it was divided as well. In the winter semester of 1909–10 the German Charles-Ferdinand University had 1,778 students; these were divided into: 58 theological students, for both the secular priesthood and religious orders; 755 law students; 376 medical; 589 philosophical. Among the students were about 80 women. The professors were divided as follows: theology, 7 regular professors, 1 assistant professor, 1 docent; law, 12 regular professors, 2 assistant professors, 4 docents; medicine, 15 regular professors, 19 assistant, 30 docents; philosophy, 30 regular professors, 8 assistant, 19 docents, 7 lecturers. The Czech Charles-Ferdinand University in the winter semester of 1909–10 included 4,319 students; of these 131 were theological students belonging both to the secular and regular clergy; 1,962 law students; 687 medical; 1,539 philosophical; 256 students were women. The professors were divided as follows: theological faculty, 8 regular professors, 2 docents; law, 12 regular, 7 assistant professors, 12 docents; medicine, 16 regular professors, 22 assistant, 24 docents; philosophy, 29 regular, 16 assistant, 35 docents, 11 lecturers.^[9]

The high point of the German University was the era preceding the First World War, when it was home to world-renowned scientists such as physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, Moritz Winternitz and Albert Einstein. In addition, the German-language students included prominent individuals such as future writers Max Brod, Franz Kafka, and Johannes Urzidil.^[20] The "Lese- und Redehalle der deutschen Studenten in Prag" ("Reading and Lecture Hall of the German students in Prague"), founded in 1848, was an important social and scientific centre. Their library contained in 1885 more than 23,519 books and offered 248 scientific journals, 19 daily newspapers, 49 periodicals and 34 papers of entertainment. Regular lectures were held to scientific and political themes.

Even before the Austro-Hungarian Empire was abolished in late 1918, to be succeeded by Czechoslovakia, Czech politicians demanded that the insignia of 1348 were exclusively to be kept by the Czech university.^{[citation needed]} The Act No. 197/1919 Sb. z. a n. established the Protestant Theological Faculty, but not as a part of the Charles University.^[21] (That changed on 10 May 1990, when it finally became a faculty of the university.^[22])

In 1920, the so-called Lex Mareš (No. 135/1920 Sb. z. a n.) was issued, named for its initiator, professor of physiology František Mareš, which determined that the Czech university was to be the successor to the original university.^[23] Dropping the Habsburg name Ferdinand, it designated itself Charles University, while the German university was not named in the document, and then became officially called the German University in Prague (German: Deutsche Universität Prag).^[24][25]

In 1921 the German-speaking Bohemians considered moving^[26] their university to Liberec (German: Reichenberg), in northern Bohemia. In 1930, about 42,000 inhabitants of Prague spoke German as their native language, while millions lived in northern, southern and western Bohemia, in Czech Silesia and parts of Moravia near the borders with Austria and Germany.

 

The insignia of the university; bone of contention between the universities

In October 1932, after Naegle's death, the Czechs started again a controversy over the insignia. Ethnic tensions intensified, although some professors of the German University were members of the Czechoslovak government. Any agreement to use the insignia for both the universities was rejected.^{[citation needed]} On 21 November 1934, the German University had to hand over the insigniae to the Czechs. The German University senate sent a delegation to Minister of Education Krčmář to protest the writ. At noon on 24 November 1934, several thousand students of the Czech University protested in front of the German university building. The Czech rector Karel Domin gave a speech urging the crowd to attack, while the outnumbered German students tried to resist. Under the threat of violence, on 25 November 1934 rector Otto Grosser [de] (1873–1951) handed over the insigniae. These troubles of 1934 harmed relations between the two universities and nationalities.

The tide turned in 1938 when, following the Munich Agreement, German troops entered the border areas of Czechoslovakia (the so-called Sudetenland), as did Polish and Hungarian troops elsewhere. On 15 March 1939 Germans forced Czecho-Slovakia to split apart and the Czech lands were occupied by Nazis as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Reichsprotektor Konstantin von Neurath handed the historical insigniae to the German University, which was officially renamed Deutsche Karls-Universität in Prag. On 1 September 1939 the German University was subordinated to the Reich Ministry of Education in Berlin and on 4 November 1939 it was proclaimed to be Reichsuniversität.^[27]

On 28 October 1939, during a demonstration, Jan Opletal was shot. His burial on 15 November 1939 became another demonstration.^[28] On 17 November 1939 (now marked as International Students' Day) the Czech University and all other Czech institutions of higher learning were closed, remaining closed until the end of the War. Nine student leaders were executed and about 1,200 Czech students were interned in Sachsenhausen and not released until 1943. About 20^[29] or 35^[30] interned students died in the camp. On 8 May 1940 the Czech University was officially renamed Czech Charles University (Czech: Česká universita Karlova) by government regulation 188/1940 Coll.

World War II marks the end of the coexistence of the two universities in Prague.

 

Detail of the stolen insignia of Charles University. From left: Sceptre of the Faculty of Theology, the Faculty of Law, the sceptre of the Rector, the sceptre of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Philosophy.

In 1945 the insignia of the university (the rector's chain, the scepters of the individual faculties, the university seal and also the founding documents and other historical documents) were stolen by the Nazis. None of these historical objects have been found to this day.

Present-day university (since 1945)

 

Façade of the modern entrance to Carolinum, the center of Charles university

Although the university began to recover rapidly after 1945, it did not enjoy academic freedom for long. After the communist coup in 1948, the new regime started to arrange purges and repress all forms of disagreement with the official ideology, and continued to do so for the next four decades, with the second wave of purges during the "normalization" period in the beginning of the 1970s.^[31] Only in the late 1980s did the situation start to improve; students organized various activities and several peaceful demonstrations in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989 abroad.^[32] This initiated the "Velvet Revolution" in 1989, in which both students and faculty of the university played a large role. Václav Havel, a writer, dramatist and philosopher, was recruited from the independent academic community and appointed president of the republic in December 1989.

Location

Charles University does not have one joint campus. The academic facilities occupy many locations throughout the city of Prague and three of the faculties are located in other cities (two of them in Hradec Králové, one in Plzeň). The historical main building from the 14th century called Carolinum is situated in the Old Town of Prague and constitutes the university's center. It is the seat of the rector and of the Academic Senate of Charles university. Carolinum is also the venue for official academic ceremonies such as matriculations or graduations.

Its academic publishing house is Karolinum Press and the university also operates several museums. The Botanical Garden of Charles University, maintained by its Faculty of Science, is located in the New Town.

Organisation

Faculties

 

Faculty of Arts (philosophy), Charles University in Prague

 

Faculty of Law, Charles University in Prague

Among the four original faculties of Charles University were: the faculty of law, medicine, art (philosophy) and theology (now catholic theology). Today, Charles University consists of 17 faculties, based primarily in Prague, two houses in Hradec Králové and one in Plzeň.

• Catholic Theological Faculty^[33]
• Protestant Theological Faculty^[34]
• Hussite Theological Faculty^[35]
• Faculty of Law^[36]
• First Faculty of Medicine^[37]
• Second Faculty of Medicine^[38]
• Third Faculty of Medicine^[39]
• Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň^[40]
• Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové^[41]
• Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové^[42]
• Faculty of Arts^[43]
• Faculty of Science^[44]
• Faculty of Mathematics and Physics^[45]
• Faculty of Education^[46]
• Faculty of Social Sciences^[47]
• Faculty of Physical Education and Sport
• Faculty of Humanities^[48]

Academic Institutes

• Institute of the History of Charles University and Archive of Charles University
• Center for Theoretical Study
• Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education (CERGE-EI) together with Czech Academy of Sciences)
• Environment Center

Other units

• Computer Science Centre
• Centre for Transfer of Knowledge and Technology
• Institute for Language and Preparatory Studies
• Central Library of Charles University
• Agency of the Council of Higher Education Institutions

Joint research centres of Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences

• BIOCEV
• Centre for Biblical Studies
• Centre for Medieval Studies
• Center for Theoretical Study

Subsidiary companies

• Charles University Innovations Prague (technology transfer office)
• Charles Games (video game development and distribution)
• LAM-X (nanomaterials development)
• GeneSpector (development and distribution of kits for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and other viral agents)
• FlexiCare (implementation of telerehabilitation systems)
• GeneSpector Innovations (development and distribution of technologies for medical diagnostics)

There are also such programs as Egyptology (Czech Institute of Egyptology), Addictology and Criminology.^{[citation needed]}

Rankings

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World^[49]	201-300
CWTS World^[50]	197 (2022)
QS World^[51]	288 (2023)
THE World^[52]	501-600 (2023)
USNWR Global^[53]	226 (2023)
Regional – Overall
QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia^[54]	2 (2022)
National – Overall
ARWU National^[55]	1
QS National^[51]	1
THE National^[52]	1

According to Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking), Charles University ranked in the upper 1.5 percent of the world's best universities in 2011. It came 201st to 300th out of 17,000 universities worldwide.^[56] It is the best university in the Czech Republic and one of the best universities in Central and Eastern Europe only overtaken by Russian Lomonosov Moscow State University at 74th place.^[57][5] It was placed 31st in Times BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings 2014 (after 23rd University of Warsaw).^[58]

It was ranked in 2013 as 201–300 best in the World among 500 universities evaluated by Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking), 233rd among 500 in QS World University Rankings, 351–400 among 400 universities in Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 485th in CWTS Leiden Ranking of 500 universities. Earlier rankings are presented in following table:^[59]

Rector of the University Václav Hampl said in 2008: "I am very pleased that Charles University achieved such a great success and I would like to thank to all who have contributed to it. An overwhelming majority of schools with a similar placement like Charles University have incomparably better financing and therefore this success is not only a reflection of professional qualities of our academics but also their personal efforts and dedication."^[60]

Subject rankings

According to the QS Subject Ranking Charles University is among the 150 best universities in the world in geography and linguistics.^[61]

QS Subjects^[59]	2011	2018	2020	2023
Natural Sciences	174	197( )	228( )	161( )
Engineering & Technology	325	401-450( )	401-450	401-450
Arts & Humanities	184	193( )	189( )	143( )
Social Sciences & Management	229	302( )	286( )	258( )
Life Sciences & Medicine	250	219( )	224( )	177( )

Shanghai Subject Fields^[62]	2012	2018
Mathematics	151–200	151–200(—)
Physics	151–200	76–100( )

International cooperation

In Germany the Charles University in Prague cooperates with the Goethe-University in Frankfurt/Main. Both cities are linked by a long-lasting partnership agreement.^[63]

Notable faculty and students

Notable students

Undivided, before 1882	Czech University (1882–1939 and 1945–present)	German University (1882–1945)
James Bellak (1813–1891), musician Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848), mathematician and philosopher Vincenz Czerny (1842–1916), surgeon Josef Dobrovský (1753–1829), philologist and historian Samuel Fritz (1654–1730), Jesuit missionary and cartographer Anton Gindely (1829–1892), historian Jan Hus (1369–1415), religious thinker and reformer Karel Hynek Mácha (1810–1836), poet and writer Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo (1828–1896), Egyptologist Jan Marek Marci (1595–1677), physician Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787–1869), physiologist Agustín Stahl (1842–1917), scientist Jan Štěkna (died c. 1407) (1391, Master's degree), Czech Cistercian Ferdinand Stoliczka (1838–1874), paleontologist Matthias of Trakai (c. 1370–1453), Bishop of Vilnius Jan Erazim Vocel (1803–1871), poet, archaeologist, historian and cultural revivalist	Václav Bělohradský (b. 1944) philosopher Antonín Holý (1936–2012) Czech chemist, played an important role in creating drugs to treat HIV and AIDS Edvard Beneš (1884–1948), sociologist, second president of Czechoslovakia Adalbert Czerny (1863–1941), pediatrician Rudolf Rabl (1889-1951), Czech lawyer Karel Čapek (1890–1938), writer Eduard Čech (1893–1960), mathematician Stanislav Grof (b. 1931), a founder of transpersonal psychology  Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890–1967), chemist, Nobel laureate Václav Hlavatý (1894–1969), Czech-American mathematician Miroslav Holub (1923–1998), writer and immunologist Milada Horáková (1901-1950], women's rights activist, politician, freedom-fighter against Nazis and communists Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997), writer Jan Janský (1873–1921), discoverer of blood types Charles I of Austria (1887–1922), last emperor of Austria, last king of Bohemia (Czech & German universities) Jan Kavan (b. 1946), politician and diplomat Luboš Kohoutek (b. 1935), astronomer Henry Kučera (b. 1925), linguist/cognitive scientist Martin Kukučín (1860–1928), Slovak writer Milan Kundera (b. 1929), writer Lyubomir Miletich (1863–1937), Bulgarian academician Vera Nikodem (1940-2018), molecular biologist at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Emanuela Nohejlová-Prátová (1900-1965), numismatist George Placzek (1905–1955), physicist Jan Stráský (b. 1940), politician Ota Šik (1919–2004), economist Vladimír Škutina (1931–1995), Czech writer, playwright, journalist, screenwriter, and television producer Vavro Šrobár (1867–1950), Slovak physician and politician Peter Tomka (b. 1956), International Court of Justice judge Ivana Trump (1949–2022), Socialite and entrepreneur Vladislav Vančura (1891–1942), writer Michał Vituška (1907–1945), Belarusian leader of the Black Cats Wilhelm Winkler (1884–1984), statistician David Navara (b. 1985), chess grandmaster Li Tieying (b. 1936), Chinese politician Ferdinand Blumentritt Johann Böhm Max Brod (1884–1968), writer  Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984), biochemist, Nobel laureate  Gerty Cori (1896–1957), biochemist, Nobel laureate Carl Friedrich Heinrich Credner Karl Deutsch (1912–1992), social and political scientist Viktor Fischl (1912–2006), poet and diplomat Karl Hermann Frank Hermann Grab Erich Heller Friedrich Hopfner Franz Hofmeister Franz Kafka (1883–1924), writer Charles I of Austria (1887–1922), last emperor of Austria, last king of Bohemia (German & Czech universities) Egon Erwin Kisch (1885–1948), writer and journalist Wilhelm Klein Paul Kornfeld Arthur Mahler August Leopold von Reuss Rainer Maria Rilke Johannes Urzidil (1896–1970), writer and journalist Felix Weltsch Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), psychologist Wolf W. Zuelzer (1909–1987), pediatric pathologist	Bernard Hausner (1874–1938), Polish diplomat and member of the Sejm

Notable academics

undivided before 1882	Czech University (1882–1939 and 1945–present)	German University (1882–1945)
Matthew of Cracow – theologian, diplomat, bishop of Worms Jan Gebauer Anton Gindely Jan Hus – religious thinker and reformer Jan Jesenius – physician and politician of Slovak origin Jacob of Mies – thologian of the Bohemian Reformation Ignatz Mühlwenzel – mathematician and optician Jan Rokycana – Hussite theologian František Josef Studnička Johannes Vodnianus Campanus – author, playwright Stanislav Vydra Bohuslav Balcar Václav Bělohradský Edvard Beneš – 2nd president of Czechoslovakia Eduard Čech Karel Domin Miroslav Fiedler Jan Gebauer František Graus Jan Hajič Eva Hajičová Václav Hampl Miroslav Hroch – historian of nationalism Bedřich Hrozný – orientalist and linguist Vojtěch Jarník – mathematician Konstantin Josef Jireček Erazim Kohák Karel Kosík Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk – philosopher, politician, 1st president of Czechoslovakia Vilém Mathesius Josef Matoušek Jan Měšťák Jan Mukařovský – literary theorist, linguist Alois Musil – orientalist Milan Nakonečný Jaroslav Nešetřil – mathematician Jan Patočka – philosopher Josef Ladislav Píč Petr Pokorný – theologian, biblical scholar Antonín Rezek Vojtěch Šafařík Stanislav Segert Petr Sgall František Šmahel Vaclav Smil Věra Sokolová František Josef Studnička Pavel Tichý Dušan Třeštík Petr Vopěnka Ivan Wilhelm Zdenek Herman	Friedrich Adler Alfred Amonn Gustav Becking Libuše Dušková  Albert Einstein – theoretical physicist Phillip Frank – theoretical physicist Gerhard Gentzen Heinrich Hilgenreiner Martin Hilský Otto Kahler Aleš Klégr– linguist Gustav Karl Laube Ernst Mach – theoretical physicist Günther von Mannagetta und Lërchenau Beck Hans Petersson Josef Pfitzner (1901–1945), Nazi politician, historian, and Standartenführer in the SA who was executed for war crimes Ernst Pringsheim Ernst Pringsheim Jr. Justin Quinn - Irish poet, translator, literary critic Friedrich Reinitzer – Liquid crystals Samuel Friedrich Stein Friedrich Weleminsky Moritz Winternitz Alfred Woltmann

Leadership

• Since 26 January 2022, Prof. Milena Králíčková is the first woman rector of the Charles University.^[64]

See also

• CDE Podebrady
• International Students' Day
• List of Charles University rectors
• List of medieval universities
• Medieval university

Footnotes

1. "Facts and figures（sourced from Annual Report 2016 and Annual Financial Report 2016)". Charles University. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
2. Joachim W. Stieber: "Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the secular and ecclesiastical authorities in the Empire: the conflict over supreme authority and power in the church", Studies in the history of Christian thought, Vol. 13, Brill, 1978, ISBN 90-04-05240-2, p.82; Gustav Stolper: "German Realities", Read Books, 2007, ISBN 1-4067-0839-9, p. 228; George Henry Danton: "Germany ten years after", Ayer Publishing, 1928, ISBN 0-8369-5693-1, p. 210; Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: "The German Myth of the East: 1800 to the Present", Oxford Studies in Modern European History Series, Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 0-19-954631-2, p. 109; Levi Seeley: "History of Education", BiblioBazaar, ISBN 1-103-39196-8, p. 141
3. . Archived from the original on 2015-07-10. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
4. Chau, Abby (2011-09-20). "QS Intelligence Unit | Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the 2011 QS World University Rankings". Iu.qs.com. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
5. "Central & Eastern Europe | Ranking Web of Universities". Webometrics.info. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
6. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/charles-university
7. Charles was since 11 July 1346 antiking of Romans, since 26 August 1346 king of Bohemia, since 17 June 1349 lawful king of Romans as Charles IV and from 5 April 1355 Holy Roman Emperor.
8. "Littera fundationis Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis" (in Latin). 7 April 1348.
9. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "University of Prague" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
10. Chyský, Václav (March 2005). "Sedmdesátileté výročí insigniády z jiného pohledu". CS Magazin (in Czech). Retrieved 21 June 2009.
11. Prague; Universität, Bohemia (1834). Album, seu Matricula Facultatis juridicae, 1372–1418, e codice membranaceo illius aetatis nunc primum luce donatum: Codex diplomaticus universitatis ejusdem (in Latin).
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References

• F. Čapka: Dějiny zemí Koruny české v datech (in Czech)
• KDO BYL KDO v našich dějinách do roku 1918 (in Czech)
• (in Czech)
• (in Czech)
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "University of Prague" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. (with a lot of factual mistakes)
• Ludmila Hlaváčková: (in Czech)
• 17. listopad 1939 je opředen mýty, říká historik Petr Koura (in Czech)
• Josef Chalupský: 17. listopad 1939 (in Czech)
• Littera fundationis Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis. 7. Aprilis 1348 (in Latin)
• Album, seu Matricula Facultatis juridicae, 1372–1418 (in Latin)
• History of Charles University DOC file with pictures
• Page about Johannes Urzidil (in Czech)
• Official page of Collegium Carolinum
• (in Czech)

• Hruška Emil, Nacisté a české poklady. Praha: Epocha, 2016. ISBN 978-80-7557-005-5.

Further reading

• Chad Bryant: Prague in Black. Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism. Harvard Press
• František Kavka [cs]: The Caroline University of Prague. A short history
• Peter Demetz: Prague in Black and Gold. Scenes from the Life of European City

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles University.

 

Wikisource has original works on the topic: Charles University in Prague

• Official website
  • Official history of CU (short)
  • (timeline)
  • Notes on the Founding Charter of Charles University, Prague, 7 April 1348
• A University Fit for a King – information about history and presence
• Albert Einstein's years in Prague
• Rise and fall of the German University Eye Clinic in Prague
• Universita Karlova od počátků husitství do Bílé hory (PDF) (in Czech)
• Prager Professoren 1938–1948 (in German)
• Live and Study in the Czech republic (in English)