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Wikipedia

List of missions to the Moon

January 01, 1970

This article is about missions to the Moon. For a list of each individual lunar probe, see List of lunar probes.
"Moon rocket" redirects here. Not to be confused with Rocket to the Moon.

As part of human exploration of the Moon, numerous space missions have been undertaken to study Earth's natural satellite. Of the Moon landings, Luna 2 of the Soviet Union was the first spacecraft to reach its surface successfull,[1] intentionally impacting the Moon on 14 September 1959. In 1966, Luna 9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a controlled soft landing,[2] while Luna 10 became the first mission to enter orbit, and in 1968 Zond 5 became the first mission to carry lifeforms (tortoises) to close proximity of the Moon.

A replica of Luna 9, the first spacecraft to land on the Moon
The first image taken of the far side of the Moon, returned by Luna 3

Between 1968 and 1972, crewed missions to the Moon were conducted by the United States as part of the Apollo program. Apollo 8 was the first crewed mission to enter orbit in December 1968, and it was followed by Apollo 10 in May 1969. Six missions landed humans on the Moon, beginning with Apollo 11 in July 1969, during which Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Apollo 13 was intended to land; however, it was restricted to a flyby due to a malfunction aboard the spacecraft. All ten crewed missions returned safely to the Earth.

While the United States focused on the crewed Apollo program, the Soviet Union conducted uncrewed missions that deployed rovers and returned samples to the Earth. Three rover missions were launched, of which two were successful, and eleven sample return flights were attempted with three successes.

Missions to the Moon have been conducted by the following nations and organisations (in chronological order): the Soviet Union, the United States, Japan, the European Space Agency, China, India, Luxembourg, Israel, Italy, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, Mexico, and Pakistan. The Moon has also been visited by five spacecraft not dedicated to studying it; four spacecraft have flown past it to gain gravity assistance, and a radio telescope, Explorer 49, was placed into selenocentric orbit in order to use the Moon to block interference from terrestrial radio sources.

20th century

Legend

⚀ Cubesat or similar

Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission type Outcome
1 Pioneer 0

(Able I)[3]

Pioneer 0 17 August 1958 Thor DM-18 Able I[3]   USAF Orbiter Launch failure
First attempted launch beyond Earth orbit; failed to orbit due to turbopump gearbox malfunction resulting in first-stage explosion.[3] Reached apogee of 16 kilometres (10 mi).[4]
2 Luna E-1 No.1 Luna E-1 No.1 23 September 1958 Luna   OKB-1 Impactor Launch failure
Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated due to excessive vibration.[3][5]
3 Pioneer 1

(Able II)[3]

Pioneer 1 11 October 1958 Thor DM-18 Able I[3]   NASA Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit; premature second-stage cutoff due to accelerometer failure. Later known as Pioneer 1.[3] Reached apogee of 113,800 kilometres (70,700 mi).[6]
4 Luna E-1 No.2 Luna E-1 No.2 11 October 1958 Luna   OKB-1 Impactor Launch failure
Failed to orbit; carrier rocket exploded due to excessive vibration.[3][5]
5 Pioneer 2

(Able III)

Pioneer 2 8 November 1958 Thor DM-18 Able I   NASA Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit; premature second-stage cutoff due to erroneous command by ground controllers; third stage failed to ignite due to broken electrical connection.[3] Reached apogee of 1,550 kilometres (960 mi).[7]
6 Luna E-1 No.3 Luna E-1 No.3 4 December 1958 Luna   OKB-1 Impactor Launch failure
Failed to orbit; seal failure in hydrogen peroxide pump cooling system resulted in core-stage underperformance.[3][5]
7 Pioneer 3 Pioneer 3 6 December 1958 Juno II   NASA Flyby Launch failure
Failed to orbit; premature first-stage cutoff.[3] Reached apogee of 102,360 kilometres (63,600 mi).[8]
8 Luna 1

(E-1 No.4)

Luna 1 2 January 1959 Luna   OKB-1 Impactor Partial failure
Carrier rocket guidance problem resulted in failure to impact Moon, flew past in a heliocentric orbit.[9] Closest approach 5,995 kilometres (3,725 mi) on 4 January.[10] First spacecraft to fly by the Moon.
9 Pioneer 4 Pioneer 4 3 March 1959 Juno II   NASA Flyby Partial failure
Second-stage overperformance resulted in flyby at greater altitude than expected, out of instrument range, with 58,983 kilometres (36,650 mi) of distance.[9] Closest approach at 22:25 UTC on 4 March. First U.S. spacecraft to leave Earth orbit.[11]
10 E-1A No.1 E-1A No.1 18 June 1959 Luna   OKB-1 Impactor Launch failure
Failed to orbit; guidance system malfunction.[9]
11 Luna 2

(E-1A No.2)

Luna 2 12 September 1959 Luna   OKB-1 Impactor Success
Successful impact at 21:02 on 14 September 1959. First spacecraft to reach lunar surface.[12] The impact made the Soviet Union the 1st country to reach the surface of the Moon.
12 Luna 3

(E-2A No.1)

Luna 3 4 October 1959 Luna   OKB-1 Flyby Success
Returned first images of the far side of the Moon.[13]
13 Pioneer P-3

Able IVB

Pioneer P-3 26 November 1959 Atlas-D Able   NASA Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit;[14] payload fairing disintegrated due to design fault.[9]
14 Luna E-3 No.1 Luna E-3 No.1 15 April 1960 Luna   OKB-1 Flyby Launch failure
Failed to orbit; premature third-stage cutoff.[15]
15 Luna E-3 No.2 Luna E-3 No.2 16 April 1960 Luna   OKB-1 Flyby Launch failure
Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated ten seconds after launch.[15]
16 Pioneer P-30

(Able VA)

Pioneer P-30 25 September 1960 Atlas-D Able   NASA Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit; second-stage oxidizer system malfunction resulting in premature cutoff.[16][15]
17 Pioneer P-31

(Able VB)

Pioneer P-31 15 December 1960 Atlas-D Able   NASA Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit, exploded 68 seconds after launch, at an altitude of 12.2 kilometres (7.6 mi). Second stage ignited while first stage was still attached and burning.[17][15]
18 Ranger 3

(P-34)

Ranger 3 26 January 1962 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure
Ranger 3 lander Lander Spacecraft failure
Partial launch failure due to guidance problem; attempt to correct using spacecraft's engine resulted in it missing the Moon by 36,793 kilometres (22,862 mi).[18][19]
19 Ranger 4

(P-35)

Ranger 4 23 April 1962 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure
Ranger 4 lander Lander Spacecraft failure
Failed to deploy solar panels, ran out of power ten hours after launch; incidental impact on the far side of the Moon on 26 April. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon.[18][20]

The impact made the United States the 2nd country to reach the surface of the Moon.

20 Ranger 5

(P-36)

Ranger 5 18 October 1962 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure
Ranger 5 lander Lander Spacecraft failure
Solar panels erroneously disengaged from power system, failed 8+3⁄4 hours after launch when batteries were depleted.[18] Missed the Moon as course correction was not completed.[21]
21 Luna E-6 No.2 Luna E-6 No.2 4 January 1963 Molniya-L   OKB-1 Lander Launch failure
Failed to depart Low Earth orbit;[22] guidance system power failure prevented upper-stage ignition.[23]
22 Luna E-6 No.3 Luna E-6 No.3 3 February 1963 Molniya-L   OKB-1 Lander Launch failure
Failed to orbit; guidance failure.[23]
23 Luna 4

(E-6 No.4)

Luna 4 2 April 1963 Molniya-L   OKB-1 Lander Spacecraft failure
Failed to perform mid-course correction,[23] remained in high Earth orbit until given escape velocity by orbital perturbation.[24]
24 Ranger 6

(P-54)

Ranger 6 30 January 1964 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure
Impacted on 2 February 1964, failed to return images due to power system failure.[25][26]
25 Luna E-6 No.6 Luna E-6 No.6 21 March 1964 Molniya-M   OKB-1 Lander Launch failure
Failed to orbit; third stage underperformed due to oxidiser valve failure.[25]
26 Luna E-6 No.5 Luna E-6 No.5 20 April 1964 Molniya-M   OKB-1 Lander Launch failure
Failed to orbit; power failure caused by broken connection resulted in premature third-stage cutoff.[25]
27 Ranger 7 Ranger 7 28 July 1964 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Success
Impacted on 30 July 1964 at 13:25:48 UTC.[27]
28 Ranger 8 Ranger 8 17 February 1965 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Success
Impacted on 20 February 1965 at 09:57:37 UTC.[28][29]
29 Kosmos 60

(E-6 No.9)

Kosmos 60 12 March 1965 Molniya-L   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Upper stage failed to restart due to guidance system short circuit,[28] Failed to depart low Earth orbit.[30]
30 Ranger 9 Ranger 9 21 March 1965 Atlas LV-3 Agena-B   NASA Impactor Success
Impacted on 24 March 1965 at 14:08:20 UTC.[28][31]
31 Luna E-6 No.8 Luna E-6 No.8 10 April 1965 Molniya-L   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Third stage failed to ignite due to loss of oxidiser pressure, failed to orbit.[28]
32 Luna 5

(E-6 No.10)

Luna 5 9 May 1965 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Loss of control after gyroscope malfunction,[28] failed to decelerate for landing and impacted the Moon at 19:10 UTC on 12 May 1965.[32]
33 Luna 6

(E-6 No.7)

Luna 6 8 June 1965 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Engine failed to shut down after performing mid-course correction manoeuvre,[28] flew past the Moon in a heliocentric orbit.[33]
34 Zond 3

(3MV-4 No.3)

Zond 3 18 July 1965 Molniya   Lavochkin Flyby Success
Flew past the Moon on 20 July 1965 at a distance of 9,200 kilometres (5,700 mi).[34] Conducted technology demonstration for future planetary missions.[28]
35 Luna 7

(E-6 No.11)

Luna 7 4 October 1965 Molniya   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Attitude control failure shortly before landing prevented controlled descent; impacted the lunar surface 22:08:24 UTC on 7 October 1965.[28][35]
36 Luna 8

(E-6 No.12)

Luna 8 3 December 1965 Molniya   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Landing airbag punctured, resulting in loss of attitude control shortly before planned touchdown,[28] impacted Moon on 6 December 1965 at 21:51:30 UTC.[36]
37 Luna 9

(E-6 No.13)

Luna 9 31 January 1966 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Lander Success
First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon. Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18:45:30 UTC.[37] Returned data until 6 February at 22:55 UTC.[38]
38 Kosmos 111

(E-6S No.204)

Kosmos 111 1 March 1966 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Orbiter Launch failure
Upper stage lost attitude control and failed to ignite;[38] spacecraft never left low Earth orbit.[39]
39 Luna 10

(E-6S No.206)

Luna 10 31 March 1966 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Orbiter Success
Entered orbit at 18:44 UTC on 3 April 1966, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon.[40] Continued to return data until 30 May.[38]
40 Surveyor 1 Surveyor 1 30 May 1966 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Success
Landed in Oceanus Procellarum on 2 June 1966 at 06:17:36 UTC.[38] Returned data until loss of power on 13 July.[41]
41 Explorer 33

(AIMP-D)

Explorer 33 1 July 1966 Delta E1   NASA Orbiter Launch failure
Magnetospheric probe; rocket imparted greater velocity than had been planned, leaving spacecraft unable to enter orbit.[38] Repurposed for Earth orbit mission which was completed successfully.[42]
42 Lunar Orbiter 1 Lunar Orbiter 1 10 August 1966 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D   NASA Orbiter Partial failure
Orbital insertion at around 15:36 UTC on 14 August. Deorbited early due to lack of fuel and to avoid communications interference with the next mission, impacted the Moon at 13:30 UTC on 29 October 1966.[43]
43 Luna 11

(E-6LF No.101)

Luna 11 21 August 1966 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Orbiter Partial failure
Entered orbit on 28 August 1966. Failed to return images; other instruments operated correctly.[38] Conducted gamma ray and X-ray observations to study the composition of the Moon, investigated the lunar gravitational field, the presence of meteorites in the lunar environment and the radiation environment at the Moon.

Ceased operation on 1 October 1966 after power was depleted.[44]

44 Surveyor 2 Surveyor 2 20 September 1966 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Spacecraft failure
One thruster failed to ignite during mid-course correction manoeuvre, resulting in loss of control.[38] Impacted the Moon at 03:18 UTC on 23 September 1966.[45]
45 Luna 12

(E-6LF No.102)

Luna 12 22 October 1966 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Orbiter Success
Entered orbit on 25 October 1966 and returned data until 19 January 1967.[46] Completed photography mission intended for Luna 11.[38]
46 Lunar Orbiter 2 Lunar Orbiter 2 6 November 1966 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D   NASA Orbiter Success
Entered orbit at about 19:51 UTC on 10 November 1966 to begin photographic mapping mission. Impacted on the far side of the lunar surface following deorbit burn on 11 October 1967 at end of mission.[47]
47 Luna 13

(E-6M No.205)

Luna 13 21 December 1966 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Lander Success
Successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum at 18:01 UTC on 24 December 1966.[38] Returned images from the surface and studied the lunar soil.[48] Operated until depletion of power at 06:31 UTC on 28 December.[38]
48 Lunar Orbiter 3 Lunar Orbiter 3 5 February 1967 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D   NASA Orbiter Success
Entered orbit at 21:54 UTC on 8 February 1967. Deorbited at end of mission and impacted the Moon on 9 October 1967.[49]
49 Surveyor 3 Surveyor 3 17 April 1967 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Success
Landed at 00:04 UTC on 20 April 1967 and operated until 3 May.[50][51] Visited by Apollo 12 astronauts in 1969, with some parts removed for return to Earth.[52]
50 Lunar Orbiter 4 Lunar Orbiter 4 4 May 1967 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D   NASA Orbiter Success
Entered orbit at 21:54 UTC on 8 May 1967, operated until 17 July. Decayed from orbit, with lunar impact occurring on 6 October 1967.[50][53]
51 Surveyor 4 Surveyor 4 14 July 1967 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Spacecraft failure
Contact with spacecraft lost at 02:03 UTC on 17 July, two and a half minutes before scheduled landing.[50] NASA determined that the spacecraft may have exploded, otherwise it impacted the Moon.[54]
52 Explorer 35
(AIMP-E) 		Explorer 35
(AIMP-E) 		19 July 1967 Delta E1   NASA Orbiter Success
Magnetospheric probe, studying the Moon and interplanetary space. Deactivated on 27 June 1973.[55] Presumed to have impacted the Moon during the 1970s.[56]
53 Lunar Orbiter 5 Lunar Orbiter 5 1 August 1967 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D   NASA Orbiter Success
Final mission in the Lunar Orbiter series, entered selenocentric orbit on 5 August at 16:48 UTC and conducted a photographic survey until 18 August. Deorbited and impacted the Moon on 31 January 1968.[57]
54 Surveyor 5 Surveyor 5 8 September 1967 Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Success
Landed in Mare Tranquillitatis at 00:46:44 UTC on 11 September. Last signals received at 04:30 UTC on 17 December 1967.[58]
55 Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L 27 September 1967 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Spacecraft failure
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to reach orbit after a blocked propellant line caused one of the first-stage engines to not ignite.[50]
56 Surveyor 6 Surveyor 6 7 November 1967 Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Success
Landed in Sinus Medii at 01:01:04 UTC on 10 November.[50] Made brief flight from lunar surface at 10:32 UTC on 17 November, followed by second landing after travelling 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in). Last contact at 19:14 UTC on 14 December.[59]
57 Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L 22 November 1967 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Launch failure
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions; unable to achieve orbit after second-stage engine failed to ignite.[50]
58 Surveyor 7 Surveyor 7 7 January 1968 Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D   NASA Lander Success
Final Surveyor mission.[60] Landed 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Tycho crater at 01:05:36 UTC on 10 January. Operated until 21 February 1968.[61]
59 Luna E-6LS No.112 Luna E-6LS No.112 7 February 1968 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit after third stage ran out of fuel.[61]
60 Luna 14

(E-6LS No.113)

Luna 14 7 April 1968 Molniya-M   Lavochkin Orbiter Success
Tested communications for proposed crewed missions and studied the mass concentration of the Moon. Entered orbit on 10 April at 19:25 UTC.[62]
61 Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L 22 April 1968 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Launch failure
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to orbit after second-stage engine incorrectly commanded to shut down. Spacecraft was recovered using its prototype launch escape system.[61]
62 Zond 5

(7K-L1 No.9L)

Zond 5 14 September 1968 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Success
Two tortoises and other life forms on board a technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Made a closest approach of 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) on 18 September, and circled the Moon before returning to Earth. Landed in the Indian Ocean on 21 September at 16:08 UTC, becoming the first Lunar spacecraft to be recovered successfully and carried the first Earth life to travel to and around the Moon.[63]
63 Zond 6

(7K-L1 No.12L)

Zond 6 10 November 1968 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Spacecraft failure
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Carrying turtles, making this the second mission of Earthlings to travel in close proximity of the Moon, the flyby was on 14 November with a closest approach of 2,420 kilometres (1,500 mi).[64] Reentered Earth's atmosphere on 17 November; recovery was unsuccessful after parachutes were prematurely jettisoned.[61]
64 Apollo 8 Apollo 8 21 December 1968 Saturn V   NASA Crewed orbiter Success
First crewed mission to the Moon; entered orbit around the Moon with four-minute burn beginning at 09:59:52 UTC on 24 December. Completed ten orbits of the Moon before returning to Earth with an engine burn at 06:10:16 UTC on 25 December. Landed in the Pacific Ocean at 15:51 UTC on 27 December.[65]
65 Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L 20 January 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Launch failure
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to orbit after one of the four second-stage engines shut down prematurely. Third-stage engine also shut down prematurely. The spacecraft was recovered using its launch escape system.[66]
66 Luna E-8 No.201 Luna E-8 No.201 19 February 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Lunokhod Rover Launch failure
First launch of the Lunokhod rover. Launch vehicle disintegrated 51 seconds after launch and exploded.[67]
67 Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3 Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3 21 February 1969 N1   OKB-1 Orbiter Launch failure
First launch of N1 rocket; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. First stage prematurely shut down 70 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed 50 kilometres (31 mi) from launch site. Spacecraft landed some 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the launch pad after successfully using its launch escape system.[67]
68 Apollo 10 Apollo 10 18 May 1969 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Snoopy Orbiter Success
Dress rehearsal for Apollo 11. Lunar Module with two astronauts on board descended to a distance of 14.326 kilometres (8.902 mi) above the lunar surface.[68]
69 Luna E-8-5 No.402 Luna E-8-5 No.402 14 June 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Luna E-8-5 No.402 return craft Sample Return Launch failure
Intended to land on the Moon and return lunar soil sample. Did not reach Earth orbit after fourth stage failed to ignite.[66]
70 Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5 Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5 3 July 1969 N1   OKB-1 Orbiter Launch failure
Intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. All first-stage engines shut down 10 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed and exploded on the launch pad. Spacecraft landed safely 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the launch site after using launch escape sequence.[67]
71 Luna 15

(E-8-5 No.401)

Luna 15 13 July 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Luna 15 return craft Sample Return Launch failure
Reached lunar orbit at 10:00 UTC on 17 July. Descent retro-rocket burn started at 15:47 UTC on 21 July. Contact lost three minutes after de-orbit burn; probably crashed on the Moon.[67]
72 Apollo 11 Apollo 11 16 July 1969 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Eagle Lander/Launch Vehicle Success
First crewed landing on the Moon. The Lunar Module Eagle landed at 20:17 UTC on 20 July 1969.
73 Zond 7

(7K-L1 No.11L)

Zond 7 7 August 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Success
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Carried four turtles in a lunar flyby on 10 August, with a closest approach of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi); returned to Earth and landed in Kazakhstan at 18:13 UTC on 14 August.[67]
74 Kosmos 300

(E-8-5 No.403)

Kosmos 300 23 September 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Kosmos 300 return craft Sample return Launch failure
Third attempt at lunar sample return. After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth-stage engine failed to fire for trans-lunar injection due to oxidiser leak. Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere about 4 days after launch.[67]
75 Kosmos 305

(E-8-5 No.404)

Kosmos 305 22 October 1969 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Kosmos 305 return craft Sample Return Launch failure
Fourth attempt at lunar sample return. After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth-stage engine failed to fire for trans-lunar injection due to control system malfunction. Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere within one orbit after launch.[67]
76 Apollo 12 Apollo 12 14 November 1969 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Intrepid Lander/Launch Vehicle Success
Second crewed lunar landing.
77 Luna E-8-5 No.405 Luna E-8-5 No.405 6 February 1970 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Luna E-8-5 No.405 return craft Sample return Launch failure
Failed to orbit
78 Apollo 13 Apollo 13 11 April 1970 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Spacecraft failure
Lunar Module Aquarius Rescue mission Success
Lunar landing aborted following Service Module oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon; flew past the Moon (free-return trajectory) and returned the crew safely to Earth.
79 Luna 16

(E-8-5 No.406)

Luna 16 12 September 1970 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Success
Luna 16 return craft Sample return Success
First robotic sampling mission.
80 Zond 8

(7K-L1 No.14L)

Zond 8 20 October 1970 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Flyby Success
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions; returned to Earth successfully.
81 Luna 17

(E-8 No.203)

Luna 17 10 November 1970 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Success
Lunokhod 1 Rover Success
Luna 17 deployed Lunokhod 1.
82 Apollo 14 Apollo 14 31 January 1971 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Antares Lander/Launch Vehicle Success
Third crewed lunar landing.
83 Apollo 15 Apollo 15 26 July 1971 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Falcon Lander/Launch Vehicle Success
Lunar Roving Vehicle Rover Success
Fourth crewed lunar landing, and first to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle.
84 PFS-1 PFS-1 26 July 1971 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
PFS-1 was deployed from Apollo 15.
85 Luna 18

(E-8-5 No.407)

Luna 18 2 September 1971 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure
Luna 18 return craft Sample return Spacecraft failure
Failed during descent to lunar surface.
86 Luna 19

(E-8LS No.202)

Luna 19 28 September 1971 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Orbiter Success
Entered an orbit around the Moon on 2 October 1971 after two midcourse corrections on 29 September and 1 October.
87 Luna 20

(E-8-5 No.408)

Luna 20 14 February 1972 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Success
Luna 20 return craft Sample return Success
Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Terra Apollonius (or Apollonius highlands) near Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fertility), 120 km from where Luna 16 had landed.
88 Apollo 16 Apollo 16 16 April 1972 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Orion Lander/Launch Vehicle Success
Lunar Roving Vehicle Rover Success
5th crewed lunar landing.
89 PFS-2 PFS-2 16 April 1972 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
PFS-2 deployed from Apollo 16.
90 Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 23 November 1972 N1   OKB-1 Orbiter Launch failure
Failed to orbit; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth.
91 Apollo 17 Apollo 17 7 December 1972 Saturn V   NASA Orbiter Success
Lunar Module Challenger Lander/Launch Vehicle Success
Lunar Roving Vehicle Rover Success
Sixth and last crewed lunar landing and last use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle; the orbiting command module included five mice.
92 Luna 21

(E-8 No.204)

Luna 21 8 January 1973 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Success
Lunokhod 2 Rover Success
Deployed Lunokhod 2.
93 Explorer 49

(RAE-B)

Explorer 49 10 June 1973 Delta 1913   NASA Orbiter Success
Radio astronomy spacecraft, operated in selenocentric orbit to avoid interference from terrestrial radio sources.
94 Mariner 10 Mariner 10 3 November 1973 Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A   NASA Flyby Success
Interplanetary spacecraft, mapped lunar north pole to test cameras.
95 Luna 22

(E-8LS No.206)

Luna 22 29 May 1974 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Orbiter Success
Inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974
96 Luna 23

(E-8-5M No.410)

Luna 23 16 October 1975 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Partial failure
Luna 23 return craft Sample Return Precluded
Tipped over upon landing, precluding any sample return attempt. Functioned for three days on surface.
97 Luna E-8-5M No.412 Luna E-8-5M No.412 16 October 1975 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Launch failure
Luna E-8-5M No.412 return craft Sample Return Launch failure
Failed to orbit.
98 Luna 24

(E-8-5M No.413)

Luna 24 9 August 1976 Proton-K/D   Lavochkin Lander Success
Luna 24 return craft Sample Return Success
Entered orbit on 11 August 1976 and landed in Mare Crisium at 16:36 UTC on 18 August. Sample capsule launched at 05:25 UTC on 19 August and recovered 96+1⁄2 hours later.[69] Returned 170.1 grams (6.00 oz) of lunar regolith.[70] Final mission to the Moon from the Soviet Union.
99 ISEE-3

(ICE/Explorer 59)

ISEE-3 12 August 1978 Delta 2914   NASA Flyby Success
Five flybys in 1982 and 1983 en route to comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner.
100 Hiten

(MUSES-A)

Hiten 24 January 1990 Mu-3S-II   ISAS Orbiter Success
Hagoromo Orbiter Spacecraft failure
Designed for flyby, placed into selenocentric orbit during extended mission after failure of Hagoromo. Deorbited and impacted in USGS quadrangle LQ27 on 10 April 1993.[71] Hagoromo was deployed from Hiten. The impact made Japan the 3rd country to reach the surface of the Moon.
101 Geotail Geotail 24 July 1992 Delta II 6925     ISAS/NASA Flyby Success
Series of flybys to regulate high Earth orbit.
102 WIND WIND 1 November 1994 Delta II 7925-10   NASA Flyby Success
Made two flybys on 1 December 1994 and 27 December 1994 to reach the Earth–Sun L1 Lagrangian point.
103 Clementine

(DSPSE)

Clementine 25 January 1994 Titan II (23)G Star-37FM   USAF/NASA Orbiter Success
Completed Lunar objectives successfully; failed following departure from selenocentric orbit.
104 HGS-1 HGS-1 24 December 1997 Proton-K/DM3   Hughes Flyby Success
Communications satellite; made two flybys in May and June 1998 en route to geosynchronous orbit after delivery into wrong orbit.
105 Lunar Prospector

(Discovery 3)

Lunar Prospector 7 January 1998 Athena II   NASA Orbiter Success
The mission ended on July 31, 1999
106 Nozomi

(PLANET-B)

Nozomi 3 July 1998 M-V   ISAS Flyby Success
Two flybys en route to Mars.

21st century

Legend

⚀ Cubesat or similar

Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission type Outcome
107 WMAP WMAP 30 June 2001 Delta II 7425-10   NASA Flyby Success
Flyby on 30 July 2001 to reach the Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point.
108 SMART-1 SMART-1 27 September 2003 Ariane 5G   ESA Orbiter Success
Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ26 at end of mission on 3 September 2006. The impact made ESA member states the 4th to reach the surface of the Moon.
109 STEREO STEREO A 25 October 2006 Delta II 7925-10L   NASA Flyby Success
STEREO B Success
Both component spacecraft entered heliocentric orbit on 15 December 2006.
110 ARTEMIS ARTEMIS P1 17 February 2007 Delta II 7925   NASA Orbiter Operational
ARTEMIS P2 Orbiter Operational
Two THEMIS spacecraft moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission; entered orbit July 2011.
111 SELENE Kaguya 14 September 2007 H-IIA 2022   JAXA Orbiter Success
Okina Orbiter Success
Ouna Orbiter Success
Deployed Okina and Ouna satellites. Kaguya and Okina impacted the Moon at end of mission.[72] Ouna completed operations on 29 June 2009[73] but remains in selenocentric orbit.
112 Chang'e 1 Chang'e 1 24 October 2007 Long March 3A   CNSA Orbiter Success
Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ21 on 1 March 2009, at end of mission. The impact made China the 6th country to reach the surface of the Moon.
113 Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-1 22 October 2008 PSLV-XL C11   ISRO Orbiter Success
Moon Impact Probe Impactor Success
Succeeded through mission. Orbit lasted 312 days, short of intended 2 years; However mission achieved most of its intended objectives. Terminated in 2009, remains in selenocentric orbit; discovered water ice on the Moon.[74] Moon Impact Probe was deployed from the orbiter. It successfully impacted Moon's Shackleton Crater in the USGS quadrangle LQ30 at 20:31 on 14 November 2008 releasing underground debris that could be analyzed by the orbiter for presence of water/ice. With this mission, India became the first to impact the Lunar south pole and the 4th nation to reach the lunar surface and 5th as a agency.
114 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 18 June 2009 Atlas V 401   NASA Orbiter Operational
Entered orbit on June 23, 2009
115 LCROSS LCROSS 18 June 2009 Atlas V 401   NASA Impactor Success
Observed impact of Centaur upper stage that launched it and LRO, then impacted itself. Impacts in USGS quadrangle LQ30.
116 Chang'e 2 Chang'e 2 1 October 2010 Long March 3C   CNSA Orbiter Success
Following completion of six month Lunar mission, departed selenocentric orbit for Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point[75] and subsequently flew by asteroid 4179 Toutatis for a close encounter with the asteroid at a distance of 3.2 kilometers and a relative velocity of 10.73 km/s.[76][77]
117 GRAIL Ebb

(GRAIL-A)

10 September 2011[78][79] Delta II 7920H   NASA Orbiter Success
Flow

(GRAIL-B)

Orbiter Success
Impacted the Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ01 on 17 December 2012 at end of mission.[80]
118 LADEE LADEE 7 September 2013 Minotaur V   NASA Orbiter Success
Mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon.
119 Chang'e 3 Chang'e 3 1 December 2013 Long March 3B   CNSA Lander Operational
Yutu Rover Success
Entered orbit on 6 December 2013 with landing at 13:12 UTC on 14 December. Yutu rover was deployed from Chang'e 3.
120 Chang'e 5-T1 Chang'e 5-T1 23 October 2014 Long March 3C   CNSA Orbiter Operational
Chang'e 5-T1 Return Capsule Orbiter Success
Demonstration of re-entry capsule for Chang'e 5 sample-return mission at lunar return velocity. Orbiter may still be in lunar orbit.
121 Manfred Memorial Moon Mission Manfred Memorial Moon Mission 23 October 2014 Long March 3C   LuxSpace Flyby / Impactor (post mission) Success
Attached to third stage of CZ-3C used to launch Chang'e 5-T1. Impacted the Moon on 4 March 2022. The impact made Luxembourg the 8th country to reach the surface of the Moon.
122 TESS TESS 18 April 2018 Falcon 9 Full Thrust   NASA Flyby Success
Flyby on 17 May 2018 to designated high Earth orbit.[81]
123 Queqiao Queqiao relay satellite 21 May 2018 Long March 4C   CNSA Relay Satellite Operational
Entered designated Earth–Moon L2 orbit on 14 June in preparation of Chang'e 4 far-side lunar lander in December 2018.
124 Longjiang Longjiang-1 21 May 2018 Long March 4C   CNSA Orbiter Spacecraft failure
Longjiang-2 Orbiter Success
Launched on the same rocket as Queqiao. Longjiang-1 never entered Moon orbit,[82] while Longjiang-2 operated in lunar orbit until 31 July 2019, when it impacted the lunar surface.[83]
125 Chang'e 4 Chang'e 4 7 December 2018 Long March 3B   CNSA Lander Operational
Yutu-2 Rover Operational
First spacecraft to soft land on the far side of the Moon (South Pole–Aitken basin). Landed 3 January 2019 and deployed the Yutu-2 rover.[84][85] Cottonseeds sprouted in the lander in a biological experiment, the first plants to sprout on the Moon.[86]
126 Beresheet Beresheet 22 February 2019 Falcon 9   SpaceIL Lander Spacecraft failure
First Israeli and first privately funded lunar lander mission. Technology demonstration. Instrumentation included a magnetometer and laser retroreflector.[87][88] Spacecraft crashed into the lunar surface after main engine failure during descent from lunar orbit phase.[89] The impact made Israel the 7th country to reach the surface of the Moon.
127 Chandrayaan-2 Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter 22 July 2019 LVM3   ISRO Orbiter Operational
Vikram Lander Spacecraft failure
Pragyan Rover Precluded
Entered orbit on 20 August 2019. Lander separated from orbiter but crashed during a landing attempt on 6 September 2019, attributed to a software glitch. Both lander and rover were lost. Orbiter remained operational.[90]
128 Chang'e 5 Chang'e 5 Orbiter 23 November 2020 Long March 5   CNSA Orbiter Operational
Chang'e 5 Lander Lander Success
Chang'e 5 Ascender Launch Vehicle Success
Chang'e 5 Returner Sample Return Success
First lunar sample return mission from China, which returned 1.731 kg (61.1 oz) of lunar samples on 16 December 2020. The orbiter received a mission extension and is currently in a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) of the Moon.[91]
129 CAPSTONE ⚀ CAPSTONE 28 June 2022[92] Electron   NASA Orbiter Operational
Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station.
130 Danuri Danuri 4 August 2022[92] Falcon 9   KARI Orbiter[93][94] Operational
Lunar Orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) of South Korea. The orbiter, its science payload and ground control infrastructure are technology demonstrators. The orbiter will also be tasked with surveying lunar resources such as water ice, uranium, helium-3, silicon, and aluminium, and produce a topographic map to help select future lunar landing sites.
131 Artemis 1 Artemis 1 Orion MPCV CM-002 16 November 2022[95] SLS Block 1   NASA Orbiter Success
⚀ LunaH-Map   NASA Orbiter Spacecraft failure
⚀ Lunar IceCube   NASA Orbiter Spacecraft failure
⚀ ArgoMoon   ASI Flybys Operational
⚀ LunIR   Lockheed Martin Flyby Success
⚀ Near-Earth Asteroid Scout   NASA Flyby Spacecraft failure
⚀ EQUULEUS   JAXA Flybys Operational
⚀ OMOTENASHI   JAXA Lander Spacecraft failure
⚀ BioSentinel   NASA Flyby Success
⚀ CubeSat for Solar Particles   NASA Flyby Spacecraft failure
⚀ Team Miles   Fluid & Reason Flyby Success
Uncrewed test of Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and lunar Distant retrograde orbit.
132 Hakuto-R Mission 1 Hakuto-R 11 December 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5   ispace Lander Spacecraft failure
SORA-Q   Tomy/JAXA/Dodai Rover Precluded
Rashid   UAESA/MBRSC Rover Precluded
Lunar lander technology demonstration.[96] Contact lost during final stage of landing and deemed a failure. Cause of failure determined to be a software bug associated with the altitude estimation system.[97], Emirates Lunar Mission Rashid was a small rover demonstration. The impact made the United Arab Emirates the 9th country to reach the surface of the Moon.
133 Lunar Flashlight ⚀ Lunar Flashlight 11 December 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5   NASA Flyby Spacecraft failure
Initially scheduled to be launched on the Artemis 1 mission, moved to a Falcon 9 Block 5 after not making it for the payload integration deadline. NASA announced later that it would not make its planned orbit or monthly flybys due to thruster issues.[98][99]
134 Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 14 April 2023 Ariane 5 ECA   ESA Flyby En route
Will fly by the Moon in August 2024 en route to Ganymede.
135 Chandrayaan-3 Chandrayaan-3 14 July 2023 LVM3   ISRO Orbiter Success
Vikram lander Lander Success
Pragyan rover Rover Success
Launched on 14 July 2023, Orbit insertion on 5 August 2023, Lander separated from propulsion module on 17 August 2023, landed on 23 August 2023, 12:32 UTC and deployed the Pragyan rover. First spacecraft to soft land near the lunar South Pole. Later during extended operations, the Propulsion Module returned to Earth's orbit.
136 Luna 25 Luna 25 10 August 2023 Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat   Roscosmos Lander Spacecraft failure
Launched on 10 August 2023, Orbital insertion on 16 August 2023, failed orbital maneuver on 19 August 2023 set the spacecraft on the crash course with the Moon's surface. Loss of communication was confirmed by Roscosmos on 20 August 2023. The impact made Russia the 10th country to reach lunar surface.
137 SLIM SLIM 6 September 2023 H-IIA   JAXA Lander Operational
LEV-1 Hopper Success
LEV-2 (Sora-Q)   Tomy / JAXA / Doshisha University Rover Success
Launched alongside XRISM as a co-passenger on 7 September 2023. Performed lunar swing-by, followed by lunar orbital insertion on 25 December 2023. SLIM landed intact and within 100 m of its target on 19 January 2024, 15:20 UTC, which met JAXA's criteria for a successful landing.[100] However, it had landed with incorrect attitude to orient solar panels towards the Sun, which led to temporary power loss until the Sun was in the right position. LEV-1 and LEV-2 were successfully deployed and landed separately from SLIM shortly before its own landing. LEV-1 conducted six hops on lunar surface.
138 Peregrine Mission One Peregrine 8 January 2024 Vulcan Centaur VC2   Astrobotic Technology Lander Spacecraft failure
Colmena × 5   UNAM Rovers Precluded
⚀ Iris   CMU Rover Precluded
Part of CLPS. Peregrine lander's reaction thrusters' leak deemed the spacecraft uncontrollable for landing and it decayed in the Earth's atmosphere 10 days later.
139 IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus 14 February 2024 Falcon 9 B5   Intuitive Machines Lander Success
⚀ EagleCam   ERAU Deployable camera Spacecraft failure
First Nova-C mission. First private spacecraft to soft land on the Moon. Payloads successfully delivered for NASA CLPS and for private customers. Though it landed successfully, one of the lander's legs broke upon landing and it tilted up on other side, 18° due to landing on a slope, but the lander survived and payloads are functioning as expected.[101] EagleCam was not ejected prior to landing. It was later ejected on 28 February but was not contacted after deployment. No data.[102]
140 DRO A/B DRO-A 13 March 2024 Long March 2C   CAS Relay Satellite En route
DRO-B Relay Satellite En route
Yuanzheng 1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit.[103]Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft initially intended for the moon but left stranded by a rocket stage malfunction.[104]
141 Queqiao-2 Queqiao-2 20 March 2024 Long March 8   CNSA Relay Satellite Operational
Tiandu-1   Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Orbiter Operational
Tiandu-2[105] Orbiter Operational
Relay satellite to support future missions of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program targeting south pole region.[106] Tiandu satellites are launched with them to test communications for future lunar satellite constellation technologies.[107]
142 Chang'e 6 Chang'e 6 Orbiter 3 May 2024[108] Long March 5   CNSA Orbiter En route
Chang'e 6 Lander Lander En route
Chang'e 6 Ascender Launch Vehicle En route
Chang'e 6 Returner Sample Return En route
Chang'e 6 Rover Rover En route
⚀ ICUBE-Q[109]   SUPARCO[110][111] Orbiter Operational
Chang'e 6 is China's first sample-return mission from the South Pole–Aitken basin on the far side of the Moon.[112] ICUBE-Q will be Pakistan's first lunar mission. Lander will also carry payloads from ESA, France, Italy, and Sweden. It also carried a chinese rover to conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface.[113]

Statistics

 
Map of soft landings on the lunar near side

Launches by decade

Launches to Moon
Decade
1950s
13
1960s
63
1970s
23
1980s
0
1990s
7
2000s
9
2010s
12
2020s
26

This is a list of 153 missions (including failed ones) to the Moon. It includes Flybys, Impact probes, orbiters, landers, rovers and crewed missions.

Mission milestone by country

This is a list of major milestones achieved by country. Recorded is the first spacecraft from each respective country to accomplish each milestone, to regardless of mission type or intended outcome. For example, Beresheet was not intended to be an impactor, but achieved that milestone incidentally.

Legend

  Milestone achieved
  Milestone not achieved
† First to achieve

Country/

Agency

Flyby Orbit Impact Lander Rover Sample return Crewed landing
  United States Pioneer 4, 1959 Lunar Orbiter 1, 1966 Ranger 4, 1962 Surveyor 1, 1966 Apollo 15, 1971 Apollo 11, 1969 † Apollo 11, 1969 †
  Soviet Union Luna 1, 1959 † Luna 10, 1966 † Luna 2, 1959 † Luna 9, 1966 † Lunokhod 1, 1970 † Luna 16, 1970 —
  China Chang'e 5-T1, 2014 Chang'e 1, 2007 Chang'e 1, 2009 Chang'e 3, 2013 Yutu 1, 2013 Chang'e 5, 2020 —
  India Chandrayaan 3, 2023 Chandrayaan 1, 2008 MIP, 2008 Chandrayaan 3, 2023 Pragyan, 2023 — —
  Japan Hiten, 1990 Hiten, 1993 Hiten, 1993 SLIM, 2024 LEV-1, 2024 — —
  Israel — Beresheet, 2019 Beresheet, 2019 Beresheet, 2019 — — —
  Russia — Luna 25, 2023 Luna 25, 2023 Luna 25, 2023 — — —
  ESA — SMART-1, 2003 SMART-1, 2006 — — — —
  Luxembourg 4M, 2014 — 4M, 2022 — — — —
  South Korea — Danuri, 2022 — — — — —
  Italy ArgoMoon, 2022 — — — — — —
  UAE — — Rashid, 2023 — Rashid, 2023 — —
  Mexico — — — — Colmena, 2024 — —
  Pakistan — ICUBE-Q, 2024 — — — — —

Missions by organization/company

Analysis of numbers of lunar missions
Country Agency
or company 		Successful Partial
failure 		Failure Success rate Operational
[clarification needed] 		Total Total for
country
  USSR Lavochkin 16 2 22 40% - 40 58
Energia 2 - 16 11.11% - 18
  USA NASA 37 2 14 67.27% 4 55 57
USAF 1 - 1 50% - 2
  China CNSA 8 - 1 88.8% 6 9 9
  Japan ISAS 2 - 2 50% - 4 8
JAXA 2 - 1 66.6% 1 4
  India ISRO 2 1 - 83.26% 2 3 3
  Various member states ESA 1 - - 100% - 1 1
  Luxembourg LuxSpace 1 - - 100% - 1 1
  South Korea KARI 1 - - 100% 1 1 1
  USA (private company) Lockheed Martin 1 - - 100% - 1 1
  USA (private company) Fluid & Reason 1 - - 100% - 1 1
  USA (private company) Astrobotic Technology - - 1 0% - 1 1
  USA (private company) Intuitive Machines 1 - - 100% 1 1 1
  USA (private university) ERAU - - 1 0% - 1 1
  Italy ASI 1 - - 100% - 1 1
  Israel SpaceIL - - 1 0% - 1 1
  Russia Roscosmos - - 1 0% - 1 1
  UAE UAESA - - 1 0% - 1 1
  Japan (private company) ispace - - 1 0% - 1 1
  China (public university) Deep Space Exploration Laboratory 1 - - 100% 1 1 1
  Pakistan IST / SUPARCO 1 - - 100% 1 1 1

Future missions

There are several future lunar missions planned or proposed by various nations and organisations.

Funded and are under development

Robotic

Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission type
Griffin Mission 1[114] Griffin lander November 2024 Falcon Heavy   Astrobotic Technology Lander
Will host the VIPER Rover.
VIPER[115] VIPER November 2024 Falcon Heavy   NASA Rover
Will prospect for lunar resources in the south pole region, especially for water ice.
IM-2 Nova-C Q4 2024[116] Falcon 9 B5   Intuitive Machines Lander
Khon1 Relay Satellite
μNova Hopper
MAPP   Lunar Outpost

  Nokia

Rover
AstroAnt[117]   MIT Rover
Yaoki[118]   Dymon Rover
Second Nova-C. Payloads delivery for NASA's CLPS and for private customers.[119] MAPP and μNova will test a new Nokia lunar communication system.
SHERPA-ES mission[120] SHERPA-ES Q4 2024[116] Falcon 9 B5   Spaceflight Industries Gravity Assist
Lunar Trailblazer   NASA Orbiter
Lunar flyby towards geostationary orbit, payload delivery.
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Hakuto-R 2024[121] Falcon 9 B5   ispace Lander
Ispace rover   Ispace Europe Rover
Rover for collecting lunar resources and other commercial payloads.
Blue Ghost M1 Blue Ghost Lander 2024 Falcon 9 B5   Firefly Aerospace Lander
Lunar lander, carrying NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial payloads to Mare Crisium.[122][123]
IM-3 Nova-C Q1 2025[116][124] Falcon 9 B5   Intuitive Machines Lander
Khon2 Relay Satellite
CADRE x3   NASA Rovers
Lunar Vertex   NASA  Lunar Outpost Rover
Third Nova-C. Payloads delivery for NASA's CLPS and for private customers.[119] Lunar Vertex mission.
Starship Demo mission Starship HLS 2025[125] Starship   SpaceX Lander
Uncrewed demo mission of Starship HLS.
DESTINY+ DESTINY+ 2025[126] Epsilon S   JAXA Flyby
Lunar flyby toward asteroid 3200 Phaethon.
PPE and HALO[127] PPE NET 2025[125] Falcon Heavy   NASA

 Northrop Grumman

Space station assembly
HALO
First two modules of Lunar Gateway.
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission LUPEX lander 2026[128] H3   ISRO Lander
LUPEX rover   JAXA Rover
Lander and rover, part of Chandrayaan programme.[129]
Artemis 3 Starship HLS delivery Starship HLS 2026 Starship   SpaceX Lander
Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis 3 mission.
TBD (CLPS Lander)[130] Moon to Mars Initiative: Trailblazer (Roo-ver)[131] 2026 TBD   Australian Space Agency Rover
APEX 1.0 APEX 1.0 2026[132] TBD   ispace U.S.

  Draper

Lander
Lunar Relay Satellite 1[133]   ispace U.S.

  Blue Canyon Technologies

Relay Satellite
Lunar Relay Satellite 2[133] Relay Satellite
Lunar lander. ispace Mission 3, and mission CP-12 of the CLPS program.
Blue Ghost M2[134] Blue Ghost lander 2026 TBD   Firefly Aerospace Lander
Elytra orbital vehicle Orbiter
Second mission of Firefly Aerospace, part of CLPS, includes 2 stage variant of blue ghost.
Lunar Pathfinder Lunar Pathfinder 2026 TBD   ESA Relay Satellite
Lunar communications satellite to support future lunar missions.
Chang'e 7 Chang'e 7 Orbiter 2026[135] Long March 5   CNSA Orbiter
Chang'e 7 Lander Lander
Chang'e 7 Rover Rover
Chang'e 7 Hopper Hopper
Payloads include an orbiter, south pole lander, rover, and a mini flying probe to look for the presence of water-ice.[135]
Starship cargo mission Starship HLS 2026 Starship   SpaceX Lander
First SpaceX lunar cargo mission, yet to be announced by SpaceX itself.
FLEX[136] FLEX 2026 Starship   Astrolab Rover
Large Lunar rover, can accommodate cargo and 2 astronauts.
Astrobotic mission 3[137] TBA 2026 Falcon Heavy   Astrobotic Lander
⚀ LunaGrid-Lite CubeRover Rover
Third lunar mission by Astrobotic, will land at lunar south pole. LunaGrid-Lite mission.
Canadian lunar rover mission Canadensys Lunar Rover 2026 TBD   Canadensys

  CSA

Rover
First Canadian lunar rover. Will fly as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative.[138]
ZeusX ZeusX service module Q4 2027 TBD   Qosmosys Orbiter
ZeusX lunar lander Lander
LIBER Rover
First lunar landing attempt for Singapore, lander can carry up to 800 kg to lunar surface.
Luna 26 Luna 26 2027[139] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat   Roscosmos Orbiter
Orbiter, part of the Luna-Glob programme.[140] Will scout for Luna 27 landing site.
Luna 27 Luna 27 2028[139] Angara A5 / Fregat   Roscosmos Lander
Lander, part of Luna-Glob programme.
Luna 27 (Backup) Luna 27 2028 Angara A5 / Fregat   Roscosmos Lander
Backup for Luna 27, will launch a few months after Luna 27.
Chang'e 8 Chang'e 8 Orbiter 2028[141] Long March 5   CNSA Orbiter
Chang'e 8 Lander Lander
Chang'e 8 Rover Rover
Chang'e 8 Robot Hopper
South pole lander.[142] Testing technology for using local resources and manufacturing with 3D printing.[143]
SpaceX GLS-1[144] Dragon XL 2028 Falcon Heavy   SpaceX Resupply vehicle
First resupply mission to Lunar Gateway.
Uncrewed Blue Moon Demo mission Blue Moon HLS 2028 New Glenn   Blue Origin Lander
Cislunar Transporter 2028 New Glenn   Lockheed Martin Transfer vehicle
Demo mission of Blue Moon lander system in preparation for crewed landing in 2029.
Artemis 4 Starship HLS delivery Starship HLS 2028 Starship   SpaceX Lander
Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis 4 mission.
Artemis 5 Blue Moon HLS delivery Blue Moon HLS 2028 New Glenn   Blue Origin Lander
Cislunar Transporter 2028 New Glenn   Lockheed Martin Transfer vehicle
Delivery of Blue Moon HLS for Artemis 5 mission.
Argonaut M1[145] Argonaut Lander 2030 Ariane 64   ESA Lander
Robotic Lander system. Will act as resupply vehicle for future Moonbase.
Lunar Voyage 3[146][147] Mapp TBA TBA   Lunar Outpost Rover
First fully commercial mission of Lunar Outpost MAPP program.

Crewed

Agency or company Name Spacecraft Launch date Launch vehicle Notes
  NASA

  CSA

Artemis 2 Orion September 2025[125] SLS Block 1 Crewed test of the Orion spacecraft on a free-return trajectory around the Moon.
  NASA Artemis 3 Orion, Starship HLS September 2026[125] SLS Block 1 Deliver the "first woman and next man" to the Moon.
  SpaceX dearMoon project Starship 2020s[148] Starship Space tourism and art project; free-return trajectory and Earth re-entry of the Starship.
  NASA Artemis 4 Orion, Starship HLS September 2028[149] SLS Block 1B First flight of Block 1B configuration. Deliver I-HAB and conduct second Artemis crewed lunar landing.
  NASA Artemis 5 Orion, Blue Moon HLS September 2029[150] SLS Block 1B Crewed Gateway and Surface expedition. Delivery of ESPRIT and Lunar Terrain Vehicle.
  NASA Artemis 6 Orion, TBD September 2030[150] SLS Block 1B Lunar landing with delivery of Crew and Science Airlock module.
  CNSA Chinese crewed lunar mission Mengzhou (spacecraft),
Lanyue Lander 		2030[151] Long March 10 Two launches of the LM-10 to put a pair of astronauts on the Moon for a 6-hour stay.[106]

Proposed but full funding still unclear

Robotic

The following robotic space probe missions have been proposed but their full funding is unclear:

Agency or company Mission Name of spacecraft Proposed launch Notes
  GEC ⚀ Doge-1[152] TBA 12U CubeSat, the mission is being paid for entirely with the cryptocurrency Dogecoin. First Canadian lunar mission.
  SpaceIL Beresheet 2[153] Orbiter 2025 One orbiter, Two landers.
Lander 1
Lander 2
  Airvantis Garatéa-L 2025[154] Proposed lunar CubeSat, Partnership between UKSA and ESA.
  OHB

  IAI

LSAS lander 2025 proposed commercial lander, will rideshare with a Geostationary satellite.
  Parsec Parsec lunar satellites 2025 Parsec lunar communication constellation.[155]
  Turkish Space Agency AYAP-1 2026 Turkey will perform a hard landing on the Moon.
  ESA Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observer 2026 Proposed CubeSat to observe asteroid impacts on Far side of Moon.
  ISRO Chandrayaan-4 2026 Proposed Sample-return mission, part of Chandrayaan programme.
  Australian Space Agency Lunar Trailblazer 2026 Under study for possible rover mission
  Delft University of Technology Lunar zebro 2026 Small swarming rover, radiation measurements
  CNSA

  Roscosmos

ILRS 1-5 2026 - 2035 5 crucial missions planned for comprehensive establishment of ILRS to complete the in-orbit and surface facilities
  Turkish Space Agency AYAP-2 Lander 2028 Soft landing mission
Rover
  Roscosmos Luna 28 2030[156] Proposed Sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, may include small rover.
  Roscosmos Luna 29 Luna 29 Lander 2030s[139] Proposed Sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, Will include Luna-Grunt rover.
Luna-Grunt rover
  KARI Phase 2 of the Korean lunar exploration program 2030 [157] Lander and rover
  Roscosmos Zeus 2030 Nuclear Propelled Space Tug, might deliver payloads to the moon
  NASA BOLAS TBD 2 tethered CubeSats on a very low lunar orbit.[158]
  Magellan Aerospace Autonomous Impactor for Lunar Exploration TBD Impactor for LEAP
  NASA Lunar Crater Radio Telescope TBD Radio telescope made by 4 rovers
  LiftPort Group Lunar space elevator TBD Creating a reusable, replaceable and expandable Lunar elevator to open up the resources present on the Moon
  ESC Aerospace LVICE² TBD Measuring the concentration of micrometeorites[159]

Unrealized concepts

1960s

2010s

  • Resource Prospector – Concept by NASA of a rover that would have performed a survey expedition on a polar region of the Moon. It was canceled in April 2018.[161]
  • Indo-Russian joint mission – A joint mission between India and Russia for a robotic lander and rover was under development since 2007. Russia was supposed to develop the lander while India would develop an orbiter, a rover and launch the composite. However, with failure of Fobos-Grunt mission, Russia was unable to provide the lander in time and requested India to accept the delay and risk. The collaboration ended with India repurposing its orbiter towards Mars with its Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013.[162]

See also

References

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January 01, 1970
list, missions, moon, this, article, about, missions, moon, list, each, individual, lunar, probe, list, lunar, probes, moon, rocket, redirects, here, confused, with, rocket, moon, part, human, exploration, moon, numerous, space, missions, have, been, undertake. This article is about missions to the Moon For a list of each individual lunar probe see List of lunar probes Moon rocket redirects here Not to be confused with Rocket to the Moon As part of human exploration of the Moon numerous space missions have been undertaken to study Earth s natural satellite Of the Moon landings Luna 2 of the Soviet Union was the first spacecraft to reach its surface successfull 1 intentionally impacting the Moon on 14 September 1959 In 1966 Luna 9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a controlled soft landing 2 while Luna 10 became the first mission to enter orbit and in 1968 Zond 5 became the first mission to carry lifeforms tortoises to close proximity of the Moon A replica of Luna 9 the first spacecraft to land on the Moon The first image taken of the far side of the Moon returned by Luna 3Between 1968 and 1972 crewed missions to the Moon were conducted by the United States as part of the Apollo program Apollo 8 was the first crewed mission to enter orbit in December 1968 and it was followed by Apollo 10 in May 1969 Six missions landed humans on the Moon beginning with Apollo 11 in July 1969 during which Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon Apollo 13 was intended to land however it was restricted to a flyby due to a malfunction aboard the spacecraft All ten crewed missions returned safely to the Earth While the United States focused on the crewed Apollo program the Soviet Union conducted uncrewed missions that deployed rovers and returned samples to the Earth Three rover missions were launched of which two were successful and eleven sample return flights were attempted with three successes Missions to the Moon have been conducted by the following nations and organisations in chronological order the Soviet Union the United States Japan the European Space Agency China India Luxembourg Israel Italy South Korea the United Arab Emirates Russia Mexico and Pakistan The Moon has also been visited by five spacecraft not dedicated to studying it four spacecraft have flown past it to gain gravity assistance and a radio telescope Explorer 49 was placed into selenocentric orbit in order to use the Moon to block interference from terrestrial radio sources Contents 1 20th century 2 21st century 3 Statistics 3 1 Launches by decade 3 2 Mission milestone by country 3 3 Missions by organization company 4 Future missions 4 1 Funded and are under development 4 1 1 Robotic 4 1 2 Crewed 4 2 Proposed but full funding still unclear 4 2 1 Robotic 5 Unrealized concepts 5 1 1960s 5 2 2010s 6 See also 7 References 8 External links20th centuryLegend Cubesat or similar Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission type Outcome 1 Pioneer 0 Able I 3 Pioneer 0 17 August 1958 Thor DM 18 Able I 3 nbsp USAF Orbiter Launch failure First attempted launch beyond Earth orbit failed to orbit due to turbopump gearbox malfunction resulting in first stage explosion 3 Reached apogee of 16 kilometres 10 mi 4 2 Luna E 1 No 1 Luna E 1 No 1 23 September 1958 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Impactor Launch failure Failed to orbit rocket disintegrated due to excessive vibration 3 5 3 Pioneer 1 Able II 3 Pioneer 1 11 October 1958 Thor DM 18 Able I 3 nbsp NASA Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit premature second stage cutoff due to accelerometer failure Later known as Pioneer 1 3 Reached apogee of 113 800 kilometres 70 700 mi 6 4 Luna E 1 No 2 Luna E 1 No 2 11 October 1958 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Impactor Launch failure Failed to orbit carrier rocket exploded due to excessive vibration 3 5 5 Pioneer 2 Able III Pioneer 2 8 November 1958 Thor DM 18 Able I nbsp NASA Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit premature second stage cutoff due to erroneous command by ground controllers third stage failed to ignite due to broken electrical connection 3 Reached apogee of 1 550 kilometres 960 mi 7 6 Luna E 1 No 3 Luna E 1 No 3 4 December 1958 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Impactor Launch failure Failed to orbit seal failure in hydrogen peroxide pump cooling system resulted in core stage underperformance 3 5 7 Pioneer 3 Pioneer 3 6 December 1958 Juno II nbsp NASA Flyby Launch failure Failed to orbit premature first stage cutoff 3 Reached apogee of 102 360 kilometres 63 600 mi 8 8 Luna 1 E 1 No 4 Luna 1 2 January 1959 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Impactor Partial failure Carrier rocket guidance problem resulted in failure to impact Moon flew past in a heliocentric orbit 9 Closest approach 5 995 kilometres 3 725 mi on 4 January 10 First spacecraft to fly by the Moon 9 Pioneer 4 Pioneer 4 3 March 1959 Juno II nbsp NASA Flyby Partial failure Second stage overperformance resulted in flyby at greater altitude than expected out of instrument range with 58 983 kilometres 36 650 mi of distance 9 Closest approach at 22 25 UTC on 4 March First U S spacecraft to leave Earth orbit 11 10 E 1A No 1 E 1A No 1 18 June 1959 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Impactor Launch failure Failed to orbit guidance system malfunction 9 11 Luna 2 E 1A No 2 Luna 2 12 September 1959 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Impactor Success Successful impact at 21 02 on 14 September 1959 First spacecraft to reach lunar surface 12 The impact made the Soviet Union the 1st country to reach the surface of the Moon 12 Luna 3 E 2A No 1 Luna 3 4 October 1959 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Flyby Success Returned first images of the far side of the Moon 13 13 Pioneer P 3 Able IVB Pioneer P 3 26 November 1959 Atlas D Able nbsp NASA Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit 14 payload fairing disintegrated due to design fault 9 14 Luna E 3 No 1 Luna E 3 No 1 15 April 1960 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Flyby Launch failure Failed to orbit premature third stage cutoff 15 15 Luna E 3 No 2 Luna E 3 No 2 16 April 1960 Luna nbsp OKB 1 Flyby Launch failure Failed to orbit rocket disintegrated ten seconds after launch 15 16 Pioneer P 30 Able VA Pioneer P 30 25 September 1960 Atlas D Able nbsp NASA Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit second stage oxidizer system malfunction resulting in premature cutoff 16 15 17 Pioneer P 31 Able VB Pioneer P 31 15 December 1960 Atlas D Able nbsp NASA Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit exploded 68 seconds after launch at an altitude of 12 2 kilometres 7 6 mi Second stage ignited while first stage was still attached and burning 17 15 18 Ranger 3 P 34 Ranger 3 26 January 1962 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure Ranger 3 lander Lander Spacecraft failure Partial launch failure due to guidance problem attempt to correct using spacecraft s engine resulted in it missing the Moon by 36 793 kilometres 22 862 mi 18 19 19 Ranger 4 P 35 Ranger 4 23 April 1962 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure Ranger 4 lander Lander Spacecraft failure Failed to deploy solar panels ran out of power ten hours after launch incidental impact on the far side of the Moon on 26 April First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon 18 20 The impact made the United States the 2nd country to reach the surface of the Moon 20 Ranger 5 P 36 Ranger 5 18 October 1962 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure Ranger 5 lander Lander Spacecraft failure Solar panels erroneously disengaged from power system failed 8 3 4 hours after launch when batteries were depleted 18 Missed the Moon as course correction was not completed 21 21 Luna E 6 No 2 Luna E 6 No 2 4 January 1963 Molniya L nbsp OKB 1 Lander Launch failure Failed to depart Low Earth orbit 22 guidance system power failure prevented upper stage ignition 23 22 Luna E 6 No 3 Luna E 6 No 3 3 February 1963 Molniya L nbsp OKB 1 Lander Launch failure Failed to orbit guidance failure 23 23 Luna 4 E 6 No 4 Luna 4 2 April 1963 Molniya L nbsp OKB 1 Lander Spacecraft failure Failed to perform mid course correction 23 remained in high Earth orbit until given escape velocity by orbital perturbation 24 24 Ranger 6 P 54 Ranger 6 30 January 1964 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Spacecraft failure Impacted on 2 February 1964 failed to return images due to power system failure 25 26 25 Luna E 6 No 6 Luna E 6 No 6 21 March 1964 Molniya M nbsp OKB 1 Lander Launch failure Failed to orbit third stage underperformed due to oxidiser valve failure 25 26 Luna E 6 No 5 Luna E 6 No 5 20 April 1964 Molniya M nbsp OKB 1 Lander Launch failure Failed to orbit power failure caused by broken connection resulted in premature third stage cutoff 25 27 Ranger 7 Ranger 7 28 July 1964 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Success Impacted on 30 July 1964 at 13 25 48 UTC 27 28 Ranger 8 Ranger 8 17 February 1965 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Success Impacted on 20 February 1965 at 09 57 37 UTC 28 29 29 Kosmos 60 E 6 No 9 Kosmos 60 12 March 1965 Molniya L nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Upper stage failed to restart due to guidance system short circuit 28 Failed to depart low Earth orbit 30 30 Ranger 9 Ranger 9 21 March 1965 Atlas LV 3 Agena B nbsp NASA Impactor Success Impacted on 24 March 1965 at 14 08 20 UTC 28 31 31 Luna E 6 No 8 Luna E 6 No 8 10 April 1965 Molniya L nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Third stage failed to ignite due to loss of oxidiser pressure failed to orbit 28 32 Luna 5 E 6 No 10 Luna 5 9 May 1965 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Loss of control after gyroscope malfunction 28 failed to decelerate for landing and impacted the Moon at 19 10 UTC on 12 May 1965 32 33 Luna 6 E 6 No 7 Luna 6 8 June 1965 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Engine failed to shut down after performing mid course correction manoeuvre 28 flew past the Moon in a heliocentric orbit 33 34 Zond 3 3MV 4 No 3 Zond 3 18 July 1965 Molniya nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Success Flew past the Moon on 20 July 1965 at a distance of 9 200 kilometres 5 700 mi 34 Conducted technology demonstration for future planetary missions 28 35 Luna 7 E 6 No 11 Luna 7 4 October 1965 Molniya nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Attitude control failure shortly before landing prevented controlled descent impacted the lunar surface 22 08 24 UTC on 7 October 1965 28 35 36 Luna 8 E 6 No 12 Luna 8 3 December 1965 Molniya nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Landing airbag punctured resulting in loss of attitude control shortly before planned touchdown 28 impacted Moon on 6 December 1965 at 21 51 30 UTC 36 37 Luna 9 E 6 No 13 Luna 9 31 January 1966 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18 45 30 UTC 37 Returned data until 6 February at 22 55 UTC 38 38 Kosmos 111 E 6S No 204 Kosmos 111 1 March 1966 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Launch failure Upper stage lost attitude control and failed to ignite 38 spacecraft never left low Earth orbit 39 39 Luna 10 E 6S No 206 Luna 10 31 March 1966 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Success Entered orbit at 18 44 UTC on 3 April 1966 becoming the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon 40 Continued to return data until 30 May 38 40 Surveyor 1 Surveyor 1 30 May 1966 Atlas LV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Success Landed in Oceanus Procellarum on 2 June 1966 at 06 17 36 UTC 38 Returned data until loss of power on 13 July 41 41 Explorer 33 AIMP D Explorer 33 1 July 1966 Delta E1 nbsp NASA Orbiter Launch failure Magnetospheric probe rocket imparted greater velocity than had been planned leaving spacecraft unable to enter orbit 38 Repurposed for Earth orbit mission which was completed successfully 42 42 Lunar Orbiter 1 Lunar Orbiter 1 10 August 1966 Atlas SLV 3 Agena D nbsp NASA Orbiter Partial failure Orbital insertion at around 15 36 UTC on 14 August Deorbited early due to lack of fuel and to avoid communications interference with the next mission impacted the Moon at 13 30 UTC on 29 October 1966 43 43 Luna 11 E 6LF No 101 Luna 11 21 August 1966 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Partial failure Entered orbit on 28 August 1966 Failed to return images other instruments operated correctly 38 Conducted gamma ray and X ray observations to study the composition of the Moon investigated the lunar gravitational field the presence of meteorites in the lunar environment and the radiation environment at the Moon Ceased operation on 1 October 1966 after power was depleted 44 44 Surveyor 2 Surveyor 2 20 September 1966 Atlas LV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Spacecraft failure One thruster failed to ignite during mid course correction manoeuvre resulting in loss of control 38 Impacted the Moon at 03 18 UTC on 23 September 1966 45 45 Luna 12 E 6LF No 102 Luna 12 22 October 1966 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Success Entered orbit on 25 October 1966 and returned data until 19 January 1967 46 Completed photography mission intended for Luna 11 38 46 Lunar Orbiter 2 Lunar Orbiter 2 6 November 1966 Atlas SLV 3 Agena D nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Entered orbit at about 19 51 UTC on 10 November 1966 to begin photographic mapping mission Impacted on the far side of the lunar surface following deorbit burn on 11 October 1967 at end of mission 47 47 Luna 13 E 6M No 205 Luna 13 21 December 1966 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success Successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum at 18 01 UTC on 24 December 1966 38 Returned images from the surface and studied the lunar soil 48 Operated until depletion of power at 06 31 UTC on 28 December 38 48 Lunar Orbiter 3 Lunar Orbiter 3 5 February 1967 Atlas SLV 3 Agena D nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Entered orbit at 21 54 UTC on 8 February 1967 Deorbited at end of mission and impacted the Moon on 9 October 1967 49 49 Surveyor 3 Surveyor 3 17 April 1967 Atlas LV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Success Landed at 00 04 UTC on 20 April 1967 and operated until 3 May 50 51 Visited by Apollo 12 astronauts in 1969 with some parts removed for return to Earth 52 50 Lunar Orbiter 4 Lunar Orbiter 4 4 May 1967 Atlas SLV 3 Agena D nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Entered orbit at 21 54 UTC on 8 May 1967 operated until 17 July Decayed from orbit with lunar impact occurring on 6 October 1967 50 53 51 Surveyor 4 Surveyor 4 14 July 1967 Atlas LV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Spacecraft failure Contact with spacecraft lost at 02 03 UTC on 17 July two and a half minutes before scheduled landing 50 NASA determined that the spacecraft may have exploded otherwise it impacted the Moon 54 52 Explorer 35 AIMP E Explorer 35 AIMP E 19 July 1967 Delta E1 nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Magnetospheric probe studying the Moon and interplanetary space Deactivated on 27 June 1973 55 Presumed to have impacted the Moon during the 1970s 56 53 Lunar Orbiter 5 Lunar Orbiter 5 1 August 1967 Atlas SLV 3 Agena D nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Final mission in the Lunar Orbiter series entered selenocentric orbit on 5 August at 16 48 UTC and conducted a photographic survey until 18 August Deorbited and impacted the Moon on 31 January 1968 57 54 Surveyor 5 Surveyor 5 8 September 1967 Atlas SLV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Success Landed in Mare Tranquillitatis at 00 46 44 UTC on 11 September Last signals received at 04 30 UTC on 17 December 1967 58 55 Soyuz 7K L1 No 4L Soyuz 7K L1 No 4L 27 September 1967 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Spacecraft failure Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions Failed to reach orbit after a blocked propellant line caused one of the first stage engines to not ignite 50 56 Surveyor 6 Surveyor 6 7 November 1967 Atlas SLV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Success Landed in Sinus Medii at 01 01 04 UTC on 10 November 50 Made brief flight from lunar surface at 10 32 UTC on 17 November followed by second landing after travelling 2 4 metres 7 ft 10 in Last contact at 19 14 UTC on 14 December 59 57 Soyuz 7K L1 No 5L Soyuz 7K L1 No 5L 22 November 1967 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Launch failure Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions unable to achieve orbit after second stage engine failed to ignite 50 58 Surveyor 7 Surveyor 7 7 January 1968 Atlas SLV 3C Centaur D nbsp NASA Lander Success Final Surveyor mission 60 Landed 29 kilometres 18 mi from Tycho crater at 01 05 36 UTC on 10 January Operated until 21 February 1968 61 59 Luna E 6LS No 112 Luna E 6LS No 112 7 February 1968 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit after third stage ran out of fuel 61 60 Luna 14 E 6LS No 113 Luna 14 7 April 1968 Molniya M nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Success Tested communications for proposed crewed missions and studied the mass concentration of the Moon Entered orbit on 10 April at 19 25 UTC 62 61 Soyuz 7K L1 No 7L Soyuz 7K L1 No 7L 22 April 1968 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Launch failure Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions Failed to orbit after second stage engine incorrectly commanded to shut down Spacecraft was recovered using its prototype launch escape system 61 62 Zond 5 7K L1 No 9L Zond 5 14 September 1968 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Success Two tortoises and other life forms on board a technology demonstration for planned crewed missions Made a closest approach of 1 950 kilometres 1 210 mi on 18 September and circled the Moon before returning to Earth Landed in the Indian Ocean on 21 September at 16 08 UTC becoming the first Lunar spacecraft to be recovered successfully and carried the first Earth life to travel to and around the Moon 63 63 Zond 6 7K L1 No 12L Zond 6 10 November 1968 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Spacecraft failure Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions Carrying turtles making this the second mission of Earthlings to travel in close proximity of the Moon the flyby was on 14 November with a closest approach of 2 420 kilometres 1 500 mi 64 Reentered Earth s atmosphere on 17 November recovery was unsuccessful after parachutes were prematurely jettisoned 61 64 Apollo 8 Apollo 8 21 December 1968 Saturn V nbsp NASA Crewed orbiter Success First crewed mission to the Moon entered orbit around the Moon with four minute burn beginning at 09 59 52 UTC on 24 December Completed ten orbits of the Moon before returning to Earth with an engine burn at 06 10 16 UTC on 25 December Landed in the Pacific Ocean at 15 51 UTC on 27 December 65 65 Soyuz 7K L1 No 13L Soyuz 7K L1 No 13L 20 January 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Launch failure Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions Failed to orbit after one of the four second stage engines shut down prematurely Third stage engine also shut down prematurely The spacecraft was recovered using its launch escape system 66 66 Luna E 8 No 201 Luna E 8 No 201 19 February 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Lunokhod Rover Launch failure First launch of the Lunokhod rover Launch vehicle disintegrated 51 seconds after launch and exploded 67 67 Soyuz 7K L1S No 3 Soyuz 7K L1S No 3 21 February 1969 N1 nbsp OKB 1 Orbiter Launch failure First launch of N1 rocket intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth First stage prematurely shut down 70 seconds after launch launch vehicle crashed 50 kilometres 31 mi from launch site Spacecraft landed some 35 kilometres 22 mi from the launch pad after successfully using its launch escape system 67 68 Apollo 10 Apollo 10 18 May 1969 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Snoopy Orbiter Success Dress rehearsal for Apollo 11 Lunar Module with two astronauts on board descended to a distance of 14 326 kilometres 8 902 mi above the lunar surface 68 69 Luna E 8 5 No 402 Luna E 8 5 No 402 14 June 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Luna E 8 5 No 402 return craft Sample Return Launch failure Intended to land on the Moon and return lunar soil sample Did not reach Earth orbit after fourth stage failed to ignite 66 70 Soyuz 7K L1S No 5 Soyuz 7K L1S No 5 3 July 1969 N1 nbsp OKB 1 Orbiter Launch failure Intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth All first stage engines shut down 10 seconds after launch launch vehicle crashed and exploded on the launch pad Spacecraft landed safely 2 kilometres 1 2 mi from the launch site after using launch escape sequence 67 71 Luna 15 E 8 5 No 401 Luna 15 13 July 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Luna 15 return craft Sample Return Launch failure Reached lunar orbit at 10 00 UTC on 17 July Descent retro rocket burn started at 15 47 UTC on 21 July Contact lost three minutes after de orbit burn probably crashed on the Moon 67 72 Apollo 11 Apollo 11 16 July 1969 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Eagle Lander Launch Vehicle Success First crewed landing on the Moon The Lunar Module Eagle landed at 20 17 UTC on 20 July 1969 73 Zond 7 7K L1 No 11L Zond 7 7 August 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Success Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions Carried four turtles in a lunar flyby on 10 August with a closest approach of 1 200 kilometres 750 mi returned to Earth and landed in Kazakhstan at 18 13 UTC on 14 August 67 74 Kosmos 300 E 8 5 No 403 Kosmos 300 23 September 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Kosmos 300 return craft Sample return Launch failure Third attempt at lunar sample return After reaching low Earth orbit the fourth stage engine failed to fire for trans lunar injection due to oxidiser leak Spacecraft re entered Earth s atmosphere about 4 days after launch 67 75 Kosmos 305 E 8 5 No 404 Kosmos 305 22 October 1969 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Kosmos 305 return craft Sample Return Launch failure Fourth attempt at lunar sample return After reaching low Earth orbit the fourth stage engine failed to fire for trans lunar injection due to control system malfunction Spacecraft re entered Earth s atmosphere within one orbit after launch 67 76 Apollo 12 Apollo 12 14 November 1969 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Intrepid Lander Launch Vehicle Success Second crewed lunar landing 77 Luna E 8 5 No 405 Luna E 8 5 No 405 6 February 1970 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Luna E 8 5 No 405 return craft Sample return Launch failure Failed to orbit 78 Apollo 13 Apollo 13 11 April 1970 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Spacecraft failure Lunar Module Aquarius Rescue mission Success Lunar landing aborted following Service Module oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon flew past the Moon free return trajectory and returned the crew safely to Earth 79 Luna 16 E 8 5 No 406 Luna 16 12 September 1970 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success Luna 16 return craft Sample return Success First robotic sampling mission 80 Zond 8 7K L1 No 14L Zond 8 20 October 1970 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Flyby Success Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions returned to Earth successfully 81 Luna 17 E 8 No 203 Luna 17 10 November 1970 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success Lunokhod 1 Rover Success Luna 17 deployed Lunokhod 1 82 Apollo 14 Apollo 14 31 January 1971 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Antares Lander Launch Vehicle Success Third crewed lunar landing 83 Apollo 15 Apollo 15 26 July 1971 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Falcon Lander Launch Vehicle Success Lunar Roving Vehicle Rover Success Fourth crewed lunar landing and first to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle 84 PFS 1 PFS 1 26 July 1971 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success PFS 1 was deployed from Apollo 15 85 Luna 18 E 8 5 No 407 Luna 18 2 September 1971 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Spacecraft failure Luna 18 return craft Sample return Spacecraft failure Failed during descent to lunar surface 86 Luna 19 E 8LS No 202 Luna 19 28 September 1971 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Success Entered an orbit around the Moon on 2 October 1971 after two midcourse corrections on 29 September and 1 October 87 Luna 20 E 8 5 No 408 Luna 20 14 February 1972 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success Luna 20 return craft Sample return Success Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Terra Apollonius or Apollonius highlands near Mare Fecunditatis Sea of Fertility 120 km from where Luna 16 had landed 88 Apollo 16 Apollo 16 16 April 1972 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Orion Lander Launch Vehicle Success Lunar Roving Vehicle Rover Success 5th crewed lunar landing 89 PFS 2 PFS 2 16 April 1972 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success PFS 2 deployed from Apollo 16 90 Soyuz 7K LOK No 1 Soyuz 7K LOK No 1 23 November 1972 N1 nbsp OKB 1 Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth 91 Apollo 17 Apollo 17 7 December 1972 Saturn V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Lunar Module Challenger Lander Launch Vehicle Success Lunar Roving Vehicle Rover Success Sixth and last crewed lunar landing and last use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle the orbiting command module included five mice 92 Luna 21 E 8 No 204 Luna 21 8 January 1973 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success Lunokhod 2 Rover Success Deployed Lunokhod 2 93 Explorer 49 RAE B Explorer 49 10 June 1973 Delta 1913 nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Radio astronomy spacecraft operated in selenocentric orbit to avoid interference from terrestrial radio sources 94 Mariner 10 Mariner 10 3 November 1973 Atlas SLV 3D Centaur D1A nbsp NASA Flyby Success Interplanetary spacecraft mapped lunar north pole to test cameras 95 Luna 22 E 8LS No 206 Luna 22 29 May 1974 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Orbiter Success Inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974 96 Luna 23 E 8 5M No 410 Luna 23 16 October 1975 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Partial failure Luna 23 return craft Sample Return Precluded Tipped over upon landing precluding any sample return attempt Functioned for three days on surface 97 Luna E 8 5M No 412 Luna E 8 5M No 412 16 October 1975 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Launch failure Luna E 8 5M No 412 return craft Sample Return Launch failure Failed to orbit 98 Luna 24 E 8 5M No 413 Luna 24 9 August 1976 Proton K D nbsp Lavochkin Lander Success Luna 24 return craft Sample Return Success Entered orbit on 11 August 1976 and landed in Mare Crisium at 16 36 UTC on 18 August Sample capsule launched at 05 25 UTC on 19 August and recovered 96 1 2 hours later 69 Returned 170 1 grams 6 00 oz of lunar regolith 70 Final mission to the Moon from the Soviet Union 99 ISEE 3 ICE Explorer 59 ISEE 3 12 August 1978 Delta 2914 nbsp NASA Flyby Success Five flybys in 1982 and 1983 en route to comet 21P Giacobini Zinner 100 Hiten MUSES A Hiten 24 January 1990 Mu 3S II nbsp ISAS Orbiter Success Hagoromo Orbiter Spacecraft failure Designed for flyby placed into selenocentric orbit during extended mission after failure of Hagoromo Deorbited and impacted in USGS quadrangle LQ27 on 10 April 1993 71 Hagoromo was deployed from Hiten The impact made Japan the 3rd country to reach the surface of the Moon 101 Geotail Geotail 24 July 1992 Delta II 6925 nbsp nbsp ISAS NASA Flyby Success Series of flybys to regulate high Earth orbit 102 WIND WIND 1 November 1994 Delta II 7925 10 nbsp NASA Flyby Success Made two flybys on 1 December 1994 and 27 December 1994 to reach the Earth Sun L1 Lagrangian point 103 Clementine DSPSE Clementine 25 January 1994 Titan II 23 G Star 37FM nbsp USAF NASA Orbiter Success Completed Lunar objectives successfully failed following departure from selenocentric orbit 104 HGS 1 HGS 1 24 December 1997 Proton K DM3 nbsp Hughes Flyby Success Communications satellite made two flybys in May and June 1998 en route to geosynchronous orbit after delivery into wrong orbit 105 Lunar Prospector Discovery 3 Lunar Prospector 7 January 1998 Athena II nbsp NASA Orbiter Success The mission ended on July 31 1999 106 Nozomi PLANET B Nozomi 3 July 1998 M V nbsp ISAS Flyby Success Two flybys en route to Mars 21st centuryLegend Cubesat or similar Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission type Outcome 107 WMAP WMAP 30 June 2001 Delta II 7425 10 nbsp NASA Flyby Success Flyby on 30 July 2001 to reach the Earth Sun L2 Lagrangian point 108 SMART 1 SMART 1 27 September 2003 Ariane 5G nbsp ESA Orbiter Success Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ26 at end of mission on 3 September 2006 The impact made ESA member states the 4th to reach the surface of the Moon 109 STEREO STEREO A 25 October 2006 Delta II 7925 10L nbsp NASA Flyby Success STEREO B Success Both component spacecraft entered heliocentric orbit on 15 December 2006 110 ARTEMIS ARTEMIS P1 17 February 2007 Delta II 7925 nbsp NASA Orbiter Operational ARTEMIS P2 Orbiter Operational Two THEMIS spacecraft moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission entered orbit July 2011 111 SELENE Kaguya 14 September 2007 H IIA 2022 nbsp JAXA Orbiter Success Okina Orbiter Success Ouna Orbiter Success Deployed Okina and Ouna satellites Kaguya and Okina impacted the Moon at end of mission 72 Ouna completed operations on 29 June 2009 73 but remains in selenocentric orbit 112 Chang e 1 Chang e 1 24 October 2007 Long March 3A nbsp CNSA Orbiter Success Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ21 on 1 March 2009 at end of mission The impact made China the 6th country to reach the surface of the Moon 113 Chandrayaan 1 Chandrayaan 1 22 October 2008 PSLV XL C11 nbsp ISRO Orbiter Success Moon Impact Probe Impactor Success Succeeded through mission Orbit lasted 312 days short of intended 2 years However mission achieved most of its intended objectives Terminated in 2009 remains in selenocentric orbit discovered water ice on the Moon 74 Moon Impact Probe was deployed from the orbiter It successfully impacted Moon s Shackleton Crater in the USGS quadrangle LQ30 at 20 31 on 14 November 2008 releasing underground debris that could be analyzed by the orbiter for presence of water ice With this mission India became the first to impact the Lunar south pole and the 4th nation to reach the lunar surface and 5th as a agency 114 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 18 June 2009 Atlas V 401 nbsp NASA Orbiter Operational Entered orbit on June 23 2009 115 LCROSS LCROSS 18 June 2009 Atlas V 401 nbsp NASA Impactor Success Observed impact of Centaur upper stage that launched it and LRO then impacted itself Impacts in USGS quadrangle LQ30 116 Chang e 2 Chang e 2 1 October 2010 Long March 3C nbsp CNSA Orbiter Success Following completion of six month Lunar mission departed selenocentric orbit for Earth Sun L2 Lagrangian point 75 and subsequently flew by asteroid 4179 Toutatis for a close encounter with the asteroid at a distance of 3 2 kilometers and a relative velocity of 10 73 km s 76 77 117 GRAIL Ebb GRAIL A 10 September 2011 78 79 Delta II 7920H nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Flow GRAIL B Orbiter Success Impacted the Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ01 on 17 December 2012 at end of mission 80 118 LADEE LADEE 7 September 2013 Minotaur V nbsp NASA Orbiter Success Mission ended on 18 April 2014 when the spacecraft s controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon 119 Chang e 3 Chang e 3 1 December 2013 Long March 3B nbsp CNSA Lander Operational Yutu Rover Success Entered orbit on 6 December 2013 with landing at 13 12 UTC on 14 December Yutu rover was deployed from Chang e 3 120 Chang e 5 T1 Chang e 5 T1 23 October 2014 Long March 3C nbsp CNSA Orbiter Operational Chang e 5 T1 Return Capsule Orbiter Success Demonstration of re entry capsule for Chang e 5 sample return mission at lunar return velocity Orbiter may still be in lunar orbit 121 Manfred Memorial Moon Mission Manfred Memorial Moon Mission 23 October 2014 Long March 3C nbsp LuxSpace Flyby Impactor post mission Success Attached to third stage of CZ 3C used to launch Chang e 5 T1 Impacted the Moon on 4 March 2022 The impact made Luxembourg the 8th country to reach the surface of the Moon 122 TESS TESS 18 April 2018 Falcon 9 Full Thrust nbsp NASA Flyby Success Flyby on 17 May 2018 to designated high Earth orbit 81 123 Queqiao Queqiao relay satellite 21 May 2018 Long March 4C nbsp CNSA Relay Satellite Operational Entered designated Earth Moon L2 orbit on 14 June in preparation of Chang e 4 far side lunar lander in December 2018 124 Longjiang Longjiang 1 21 May 2018 Long March 4C nbsp CNSA Orbiter Spacecraft failure Longjiang 2 Orbiter Success Launched on the same rocket as Queqiao Longjiang 1 never entered Moon orbit 82 while Longjiang 2 operated in lunar orbit until 31 July 2019 when it impacted the lunar surface 83 125 Chang e 4 Chang e 4 7 December 2018 Long March 3B nbsp CNSA Lander Operational Yutu 2 Rover Operational First spacecraft to soft land on the far side of the Moon South Pole Aitken basin Landed 3 January 2019 and deployed the Yutu 2 rover 84 85 Cottonseeds sprouted in the lander in a biological experiment the first plants to sprout on the Moon 86 126 Beresheet Beresheet 22 February 2019 Falcon 9 nbsp SpaceIL Lander Spacecraft failure First Israeli and first privately funded lunar lander mission Technology demonstration Instrumentation included a magnetometer and laser retroreflector 87 88 Spacecraft crashed into the lunar surface after main engine failure during descent from lunar orbit phase 89 The impact made Israel the 7th country to reach the surface of the Moon 127 Chandrayaan 2 Chandrayaan 2 Orbiter 22 July 2019 LVM3 nbsp ISRO Orbiter Operational Vikram Lander Spacecraft failure Pragyan Rover Precluded Entered orbit on 20 August 2019 Lander separated from orbiter but crashed during a landing attempt on 6 September 2019 attributed to a software glitch Both lander and rover were lost Orbiter remained operational 90 128 Chang e 5 Chang e 5 Orbiter 23 November 2020 Long March 5 nbsp CNSA Orbiter Operational Chang e 5 Lander Lander Success Chang e 5 Ascender Launch Vehicle Success Chang e 5 Returner Sample Return Success First lunar sample return mission from China which returned 1 731 kg 61 1 oz of lunar samples on 16 December 2020 The orbiter received a mission extension and is currently in a distant retrograde orbit DRO of the Moon 91 129 CAPSTONE CAPSTONE 28 June 2022 92 Electron nbsp NASA Orbiter Operational Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station 130 Danuri Danuri 4 August 2022 92 Falcon 9 nbsp KARI Orbiter 93 94 Operational Lunar Orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute KARI of South Korea The orbiter its science payload and ground control infrastructure are technology demonstrators The orbiter will also be tasked with surveying lunar resources such as water ice uranium helium 3 silicon and aluminium and produce a topographic map to help select future lunar landing sites 131 Artemis 1 Artemis 1 Orion MPCV CM 002 16 November 2022 95 SLS Block 1 nbsp NASA Orbiter Success LunaH Map nbsp NASA Orbiter Spacecraft failure Lunar IceCube nbsp NASA Orbiter Spacecraft failure ArgoMoon nbsp ASI Flybys Operational LunIR nbsp Lockheed Martin Flyby Success Near Earth Asteroid Scout nbsp NASA Flyby Spacecraft failure EQUULEUS nbsp JAXA Flybys Operational OMOTENASHI nbsp JAXA Lander Spacecraft failure BioSentinel nbsp NASA Flyby Success CubeSat for Solar Particles nbsp NASA Flyby Spacecraft failure Team Miles nbsp Fluid amp Reason Flyby Success Uncrewed test of Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and lunar Distant retrograde orbit 132 Hakuto R Mission 1 Hakuto R 11 December 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 nbsp ispace Lander Spacecraft failure SORA Q nbsp Tomy JAXA Dodai Rover Precluded Rashid nbsp UAESA MBRSC Rover Precluded Lunar lander technology demonstration 96 Contact lost during final stage of landing and deemed a failure Cause of failure determined to be a software bug associated with the altitude estimation system 97 Emirates Lunar Mission Rashid was a small rover demonstration The impact made the United Arab Emirates the 9th country to reach the surface of the Moon 133 Lunar Flashlight Lunar Flashlight 11 December 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 nbsp NASA Flyby Spacecraft failure Initially scheduled to be launched on the Artemis 1 mission moved to a Falcon 9 Block 5 after not making it for the payload integration deadline NASA announced later that it would not make its planned orbit or monthly flybys due to thruster issues 98 99 134 Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 14 April 2023 Ariane 5 ECA nbsp ESA Flyby En route Will fly by the Moon in August 2024 en route to Ganymede 135 Chandrayaan 3 Chandrayaan 3 14 July 2023 LVM3 nbsp ISRO Orbiter Success Vikram lander Lander Success Pragyan rover Rover Success Launched on 14 July 2023 Orbit insertion on 5 August 2023 Lander separated from propulsion module on 17 August 2023 landed on 23 August 2023 12 32 UTC and deployed the Pragyan rover First spacecraft to soft land near the lunar South Pole Later during extended operations the Propulsion Module returned to Earth s orbit 136 Luna 25 Luna 25 10 August 2023 Soyuz 2 1b Fregat nbsp Roscosmos Lander Spacecraft failure Launched on 10 August 2023 Orbital insertion on 16 August 2023 failed orbital maneuver on 19 August 2023 set the spacecraft on the crash course with the Moon s surface Loss of communication was confirmed by Roscosmos on 20 August 2023 The impact made Russia the 10th country to reach lunar surface 137 SLIM SLIM 6 September 2023 H IIA nbsp JAXA Lander Operational LEV 1 Hopper Success LEV 2 Sora Q nbsp Tomy JAXA Doshisha University Rover Success Launched alongside XRISM as a co passenger on 7 September 2023 Performed lunar swing by followed by lunar orbital insertion on 25 December 2023 SLIM landed intact and within 100 m of its target on 19 January 2024 15 20 UTC which met JAXA s criteria for a successful landing 100 However it had landed with incorrect attitude to orient solar panels towards the Sun which led to temporary power loss until the Sun was in the right position LEV 1 and LEV 2 were successfully deployed and landed separately from SLIM shortly before its own landing LEV 1 conducted six hops on lunar surface 138 Peregrine Mission One Peregrine 8 January 2024 Vulcan Centaur VC2 nbsp Astrobotic Technology Lander Spacecraft failure Colmena 5 nbsp UNAM Rovers Precluded Iris nbsp CMU Rover Precluded Part of CLPS Peregrine lander s reaction thrusters leak deemed the spacecraft uncontrollable for landing and it decayed in the Earth s atmosphere 10 days later 139 IM 1 Nova C Odysseus 14 February 2024 Falcon 9 B5 nbsp Intuitive Machines Lander Success EagleCam nbsp ERAU Deployable camera Spacecraft failure First Nova C mission First private spacecraft to soft land on the Moon Payloads successfully delivered for NASA CLPS and for private customers Though it landed successfully one of the lander s legs broke upon landing and it tilted up on other side 18 due to landing on a slope but the lander survived and payloads are functioning as expected 101 EagleCam was not ejected prior to landing It was later ejected on 28 February but was not contacted after deployment No data 102 140 DRO A B DRO A 13 March 2024 Long March 2C nbsp CAS Relay Satellite En route DRO B Relay Satellite En route Yuanzheng 1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit 103 Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft initially intended for the moon but left stranded by a rocket stage malfunction 104 141 Queqiao 2 Queqiao 2 20 March 2024 Long March 8 nbsp CNSA Relay Satellite Operational Tiandu 1 nbsp Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Orbiter Operational Tiandu 2 105 Orbiter Operational Relay satellite to support future missions of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program targeting south pole region 106 Tiandu satellites are launched with them to test communications for future lunar satellite constellation technologies 107 142 Chang e 6 Chang e 6 Orbiter 3 May 2024 108 Long March 5 nbsp CNSA Orbiter En route Chang e 6 Lander Lander En route Chang e 6 Ascender Launch Vehicle En route Chang e 6 Returner Sample Return En route Chang e 6 Rover Rover En route ICUBE Q 109 nbsp SUPARCO 110 111 Orbiter Operational Chang e 6 is China s first sample return mission from the South Pole Aitken basin on the far side of the Moon 112 ICUBE Q will be Pakistan s first lunar mission Lander will also carry payloads from ESA France Italy and Sweden It also carried a chinese rover to conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface 113 Statistics nbsp Map of soft landings on the lunar near side Launches by decade Launches to Moon Decade 1950s 13 1960s 63 1970s 23 1980s 0 1990s 7 2000s 9 2010s 12 2020s 26 This is a list of 153 missions including failed ones to the Moon It includes Flybys Impact probes orbiters landers rovers and crewed missions Mission milestone by country This is a list of major milestones achieved by country Recorded is the first spacecraft from each respective country to accomplish each milestone to regardless of mission type or intended outcome For example Beresheet was not intended to be an impactor but achieved that milestone incidentally Legend Milestone achieved Milestone not achieved First to achieve Country Agency Flyby Orbit Impact Lander Rover Sample return Crewed landing nbsp United States Pioneer 4 1959 Lunar Orbiter 1 1966 Ranger 4 1962 Surveyor 1 1966 Apollo 15 1971 Apollo 11 1969 Apollo 11 1969 nbsp Soviet Union Luna 1 1959 Luna 10 1966 Luna 2 1959 Luna 9 1966 Lunokhod 1 1970 Luna 16 1970 nbsp China Chang e 5 T1 2014 Chang e 1 2007 Chang e 1 2009 Chang e 3 2013 Yutu 1 2013 Chang e 5 2020 nbsp India Chandrayaan 3 2023 Chandrayaan 1 2008 MIP 2008 Chandrayaan 3 2023 Pragyan 2023 nbsp Japan Hiten 1990 Hiten 1993 Hiten 1993 SLIM 2024 LEV 1 2024 nbsp Israel Beresheet 2019 Beresheet 2019 Beresheet 2019 nbsp Russia Luna 25 2023 Luna 25 2023 Luna 25 2023 nbsp ESA SMART 1 2003 SMART 1 2006 nbsp Luxembourg 4M 2014 4M 2022 nbsp South Korea Danuri 2022 nbsp Italy ArgoMoon 2022 nbsp UAE Rashid 2023 Rashid 2023 nbsp Mexico Colmena 2024 nbsp Pakistan ICUBE Q 2024 Missions by organization company Analysis of numbers of lunar missions Country Agencyor company Successful Partialfailure Failure Success rate Operational clarification needed Total Total forcountry nbsp USSR Lavochkin 16 2 22 40 40 58 Energia 2 16 11 11 18 nbsp USA NASA 37 2 14 67 27 4 55 57 USAF 1 1 50 2 nbsp China CNSA 8 1 88 8 6 9 9 nbsp Japan ISAS 2 2 50 4 8 JAXA 2 1 66 6 1 4 nbsp India ISRO 2 1 83 26 2 3 3 nbsp Various member states ESA 1 100 1 1 nbsp Luxembourg LuxSpace 1 100 1 1 nbsp South Korea KARI 1 100 1 1 1 nbsp USA private company Lockheed Martin 1 100 1 1 nbsp USA private company Fluid amp Reason 1 100 1 1 nbsp USA private company Astrobotic Technology 1 0 1 1 nbsp USA private company Intuitive Machines 1 100 1 1 1 nbsp USA private university ERAU 1 0 1 1 nbsp Italy ASI 1 100 1 1 nbsp Israel SpaceIL 1 0 1 1 nbsp Russia Roscosmos 1 0 1 1 nbsp UAE UAESA 1 0 1 1 nbsp Japan private company ispace 1 0 1 1 nbsp China public university Deep Space Exploration Laboratory 1 100 1 1 1 nbsp Pakistan IST SUPARCO 1 100 1 1 1Future missionsThere are several future lunar missions planned or proposed by various nations and organisations Funded and are under development Robotic Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission type Griffin Mission 1 114 Griffin lander November 2024 Falcon Heavy nbsp Astrobotic Technology Lander Will host the VIPER Rover VIPER 115 VIPER November 2024 Falcon Heavy nbsp NASA Rover Will prospect for lunar resources in the south pole region especially for water ice IM 2 Nova C Q4 2024 116 Falcon 9 B5 nbsp Intuitive Machines Lander Khon1 Relay Satellite mNova Hopper MAPP nbsp Lunar Outpost nbsp Nokia Rover AstroAnt 117 nbsp MIT Rover Yaoki 118 nbsp Dymon Rover Second Nova C Payloads delivery for NASA s CLPS and for private customers 119 MAPP and mNova will test a new Nokia lunar communication system SHERPA ES mission 120 SHERPA ES Q4 2024 116 Falcon 9 B5 nbsp Spaceflight Industries Gravity Assist Lunar Trailblazer nbsp NASA Orbiter Lunar flyby towards geostationary orbit payload delivery Hakuto R Mission 2 Hakuto R 2024 121 Falcon 9 B5 nbsp ispace Lander Ispace rover nbsp Ispace Europe Rover Rover for collecting lunar resources and other commercial payloads Blue Ghost M1 Blue Ghost Lander 2024 Falcon 9 B5 nbsp Firefly Aerospace Lander Lunar lander carrying NASA sponsored experiments and commercial payloads to Mare Crisium 122 123 IM 3 Nova C Q1 2025 116 124 Falcon 9 B5 nbsp Intuitive Machines Lander Khon2 Relay Satellite CADRE x3 nbsp NASA Rovers Lunar Vertex nbsp NASA nbsp Lunar Outpost Rover Third Nova C Payloads delivery for NASA s CLPS and for private customers 119 Lunar Vertex mission Starship Demo mission Starship HLS 2025 125 Starship nbsp SpaceX Lander Uncrewed demo mission of Starship HLS DESTINY DESTINY 2025 126 Epsilon S nbsp JAXA Flyby Lunar flyby toward asteroid 3200 Phaethon PPE and HALO 127 PPE NET 2025 125 Falcon Heavy nbsp NASA nbsp Northrop Grumman Space station assembly HALO First two modules of Lunar Gateway Lunar Polar Exploration Mission LUPEX lander 2026 128 H3 nbsp ISRO Lander LUPEX rover nbsp JAXA Rover Lander and rover part of Chandrayaan programme 129 Artemis 3 Starship HLS delivery Starship HLS 2026 Starship nbsp SpaceX Lander Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis 3 mission TBD CLPS Lander 130 Moon to Mars Initiative Trailblazer Roo ver 131 2026 TBD nbsp Australian Space Agency Rover APEX 1 0 APEX 1 0 2026 132 TBD nbsp ispace U S nbsp Draper Lander Lunar Relay Satellite 1 133 nbsp ispace U S nbsp Blue Canyon Technologies Relay Satellite Lunar Relay Satellite 2 133 Relay Satellite Lunar lander ispace Mission 3 and mission CP 12 of the CLPS program Blue Ghost M2 134 Blue Ghost lander 2026 TBD nbsp Firefly Aerospace Lander Elytra orbital vehicle Orbiter Second mission of Firefly Aerospace part of CLPS includes 2 stage variant of blue ghost Lunar Pathfinder Lunar Pathfinder 2026 TBD nbsp ESA Relay Satellite Lunar communications satellite to support future lunar missions Chang e 7 Chang e 7 Orbiter 2026 135 Long March 5 nbsp CNSA Orbiter Chang e 7 Lander Lander Chang e 7 Rover Rover Chang e 7 Hopper Hopper Payloads include an orbiter south pole lander rover and a mini flying probe to look for the presence of water ice 135 Starship cargo mission Starship HLS 2026 Starship nbsp SpaceX Lander First SpaceX lunar cargo mission yet to be announced by SpaceX itself FLEX 136 FLEX 2026 Starship nbsp Astrolab Rover Large Lunar rover can accommodate cargo and 2 astronauts Astrobotic mission 3 137 TBA 2026 Falcon Heavy nbsp Astrobotic Lander LunaGrid Lite CubeRover Rover Third lunar mission by Astrobotic will land at lunar south pole LunaGrid Lite mission Canadian lunar rover mission Canadensys Lunar Rover 2026 TBD nbsp Canadensys nbsp CSA Rover First Canadian lunar rover Will fly as part of NASA s Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative 138 ZeusX ZeusX service module Q4 2027 TBD nbsp Qosmosys Orbiter ZeusX lunar lander Lander LIBER Rover First lunar landing attempt for Singapore lander can carry up to 800 kg to lunar surface Luna 26 Luna 26 2027 139 Soyuz 2 1b Fregat nbsp Roscosmos Orbiter Orbiter part of the Luna Glob programme 140 Will scout for Luna 27 landing site Luna 27 Luna 27 2028 139 Angara A5 Fregat nbsp Roscosmos Lander Lander part of Luna Glob programme Luna 27 Backup Luna 27 2028 Angara A5 Fregat nbsp Roscosmos Lander Backup for Luna 27 will launch a few months after Luna 27 Chang e 8 Chang e 8 Orbiter 2028 141 Long March 5 nbsp CNSA Orbiter Chang e 8 Lander Lander Chang e 8 Rover Rover Chang e 8 Robot Hopper South pole lander 142 Testing technology for using local resources and manufacturing with 3D printing 143 SpaceX GLS 1 144 Dragon XL 2028 Falcon Heavy nbsp SpaceX Resupply vehicle First resupply mission to Lunar Gateway Uncrewed Blue Moon Demo mission Blue Moon HLS 2028 New Glenn nbsp Blue Origin Lander Cislunar Transporter 2028 New Glenn nbsp Lockheed Martin Transfer vehicle Demo mission of Blue Moon lander system in preparation for crewed landing in 2029 Artemis 4 Starship HLS delivery Starship HLS 2028 Starship nbsp SpaceX Lander Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis 4 mission Artemis 5 Blue Moon HLS delivery Blue Moon HLS 2028 New Glenn nbsp Blue Origin Lander Cislunar Transporter 2028 New Glenn nbsp Lockheed Martin Transfer vehicle Delivery of Blue Moon HLS for Artemis 5 mission Argonaut M1 145 Argonaut Lander 2030 Ariane 64 nbsp ESA Lander Robotic Lander system Will act as resupply vehicle for future Moonbase Lunar Voyage 3 146 147 Mapp TBA TBA nbsp Lunar Outpost Rover First fully commercial mission of Lunar Outpost MAPP program Crewed Agency or company Name Spacecraft Launch date Launch vehicle Notes nbsp NASA nbsp CSA Artemis 2 Orion September 2025 125 SLS Block 1 Crewed test of the Orion spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the Moon nbsp NASA Artemis 3 Orion Starship HLS September 2026 125 SLS Block 1 Deliver the first woman and next man to the Moon nbsp SpaceX dearMoon project Starship 2020s 148 Starship Space tourism and art project free return trajectory and Earth re entry of the Starship nbsp NASA Artemis 4 Orion Starship HLS September 2028 149 SLS Block 1B First flight of Block 1B configuration Deliver I HAB and conduct second Artemis crewed lunar landing nbsp NASA Artemis 5 Orion Blue Moon HLS September 2029 150 SLS Block 1B Crewed Gateway and Surface expedition Delivery of ESPRIT and Lunar Terrain Vehicle nbsp NASA Artemis 6 Orion TBD September 2030 150 SLS Block 1B Lunar landing with delivery of Crew and Science Airlock module nbsp CNSA Chinese crewed lunar mission Mengzhou spacecraft Lanyue Lander 2030 151 Long March 10 Two launches of the LM 10 to put a pair of astronauts on the Moon for a 6 hour stay 106 Proposed but full funding still unclear Robotic The following robotic space probe missions have been proposed but their full funding is unclear Agency or company Mission Name of spacecraft Proposed launch Notes nbsp GEC Doge 1 152 TBA 12U CubeSat the mission is being paid for entirely with the cryptocurrency Dogecoin First Canadian lunar mission nbsp SpaceIL Beresheet 2 153 Orbiter 2025 One orbiter Two landers Lander 1 Lander 2 nbsp Airvantis Garatea L 2025 154 Proposed lunar CubeSat Partnership between UKSA and ESA nbsp OHB nbsp IAI LSAS lander 2025 proposed commercial lander will rideshare with a Geostationary satellite nbsp Parsec Parsec lunar satellites 2025 Parsec lunar communication constellation 155 nbsp Turkish Space Agency AYAP 1 2026 Turkey will perform a hard landing on the Moon nbsp ESA Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observer 2026 Proposed CubeSat to observe asteroid impacts on Far side of Moon nbsp ISRO Chandrayaan 4 2026 Proposed Sample return mission part of Chandrayaan programme nbsp Australian Space Agency Lunar Trailblazer 2026 Under study for possible rover mission nbsp Delft University of Technology Lunar zebro 2026 Small swarming rover radiation measurements nbsp CNSA nbsp Roscosmos ILRS 1 5 2026 2035 5 crucial missions planned for comprehensive establishment of ILRS to complete the in orbit and surface facilities nbsp Turkish Space Agency AYAP 2 Lander 2028 Soft landing mission Rover nbsp Roscosmos Luna 28 2030 156 Proposed Sample return mission part of Luna Glob program may include small rover nbsp Roscosmos Luna 29 Luna 29 Lander 2030s 139 Proposed Sample return mission part of Luna Glob program Will include Luna Grunt rover Luna Grunt rover nbsp KARI Phase 2 of the Korean lunar exploration program 2030 157 Lander and rover nbsp Roscosmos Zeus 2030 Nuclear Propelled Space Tug might deliver payloads to the moon nbsp NASA BOLAS TBD 2 tethered CubeSats on a very low lunar orbit 158 nbsp Magellan Aerospace Autonomous Impactor for Lunar Exploration TBD Impactor for LEAP nbsp NASA Lunar Crater Radio Telescope TBD Radio telescope made by 4 rovers nbsp LiftPort Group Lunar space elevator TBD Creating a reusable replaceable and expandable Lunar elevator to open up the resources present on the Moon nbsp ESC Aerospace LVICE TBD Measuring the concentration of micrometeorites 159 Unrealized concepts1960s Soviet crewed lunar programs The Soviet Union had been pursuing a crewed lunar flyby mission using Soyuz 7K L1 launched aboard Proton K and a crewed landing mission using Soyuz 7K LOK and LK Lander launched aboard N1 rocket After a series of N1 failures both of these programs were cancelled in 1970 and 1976 respectively 160 2010s Resource Prospector Concept by NASA of a rover that would have performed a survey expedition on a polar region of the Moon It was canceled in April 2018 161 Indo Russian joint mission A joint mission between India and Russia for a robotic lander and rover was under development since 2007 Russia was supposed to develop the lander while India would develop an orbiter a rover and launch the composite However with failure of Fobos Grunt mission Russia was unable to provide the lander in time and requested India to accept the delay and risk The collaboration ended with India repurposing its orbiter towards Mars with its Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013 162 See also nbsp Solar System portal nbsp Spaceflight portal List of lunar probes List of artificial objects on the Moon List of extraterrestrial orbiters List of missions to Mars List of missions to Venus Timeline of Solar System exploration List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies Moon landingReferences Why failure is the fuel for a trip to Moon The Times of India 11 September 2019 Archived from the original on 19 February 2021 Retrieved 11 September 2019 Chandrayaan 2 landing 40 lunar missions in last 60 years failed finds Nasa report Archived from the original on 8 September 2019 Retrieved 28 June 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1958 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 17 19 Archived PDF from the original on 12 February 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Pioneer 0 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c Wade Mark Luna E 1 Encyclopedia Astronautica Archived from the original on 22 December 2010 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Pioneer 1 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 5 April 2022 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Pioneer 2 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Pioneer 3 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 19 April 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c d Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1959 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 21 24 Archived PDF from the original on 22 September 2020 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Luna 1 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 2 June 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Pioneer 4 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 23 February 2017 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Luna 2 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 25 August 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Luna 3 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 4 June 2021 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Pioneer P 3 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 19 June 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c d Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1960 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 25 27 Archived PDF from the original on 27 October 2020 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Pioneer P 30 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 26 June 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Pioneer P 31 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 29 June 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1962 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 34 37 Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Ranger 3 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 8 January 2017 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Ranger 4 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 29 June 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Ranger 5 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 12 April 2016 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Sputnik 25 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 7 July 2020 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1963 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 39 40 Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Luna 4 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 10 February 2020 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1964 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 41 45 Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Luna 4 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 17 April 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 Ranger 7 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 20 July 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2013 a b c d e f g h i Siddiqi Asif A 2002 1965 PDF Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958 2000 Monographs in Aerospace History No 24 NASA History Office pp 47 52 Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 12 July 2017 Ranger 8 US National Space Science Data Center Archived from the original on 15 September 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2013 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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