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Louis Couturat

May 29, 2023

Louis Couturat (French: [kutyʁa]; 17 January 1868 – 3 August 1914) was a French logician, mathematician, philosopher, and linguist. Couturat was a pioneer of the constructed language Ido.

Louis Couturat
Born17 January 1868
Ris-Orangis, Essonne, France
Died3 August 1914 (1914-08-04) (aged 46)
Melun, Seine-et-Marne, France
NationalityFrench
Occupation(s)Logician, philosopher, mathematician and linguist
Known forIdo

Life and education

Born in Ris-Orangis, Essonne, France. In 1887 he entered École Normale Supérieure to study philosophy and mathematics. In 1895 he lectured in philosophy at the University of Toulouse and 1897 lectured in philosophy of mathematics at the University of Caen Normandy, taking a stand in favor of transfinite numbers. After a time in Hanover studying the writings of Leibniz, he became an assistant to Henri-Louis Bergson at the Collège de France in 1905.

Career

He was the French advocate of the symbolic logic that emerged in the years before World War I, thanks to the writings of Charles Sanders Peirce, Giuseppe Peano and his school, and especially to The Principles of Mathematics by Couturat's friend and correspondent Bertrand Russell. Like Russell, Couturat saw symbolic logic as a tool to advance both mathematics and the philosophy of mathematics. In this, he was opposed by Henri Poincaré, who took considerable exception to Couturat's efforts to interest the French in symbolic logic. With the benefit of hindsight, we can see that Couturat was in broad agreement with the logicism of Russell, while Poincaré anticipated Brouwer's intuitionism.

His first major publication was De Platonicis mythis (1896). In 1901, he published La Logique de Leibniz, a detailed study of Leibniz the logician, based on his examination of the huge Leibniz Nachlass in Hanover. Even though Leibniz had died in 1716, his Nachlass was cataloged only in 1895. Only then was it possible to determine the extent of Leibniz's unpublished work on logic. In 1903, Couturat published much of that work in another large volume, his Opuscules et Fragments Inedits de Leibniz, containing many of the documents he had examined while writing La Logique. Couturat was thus the first to appreciate that Leibniz was the greatest logician during the more than 2000 years that separate Aristotle from George Boole and Augustus De Morgan. A significant part of the 20th century Leibniz revival is grounded in Couturat's editorial and exegetical efforts. This work on Leibniz attracted Russell, also the author of a 1900 book on Leibniz, and thus began their professional correspondence and friendship.

In 1905, Couturat published a work on logic and the foundations of mathematics (with an appendix on Kant's philosophy of mathematics) that was originally conceived as a translation of Russell's Principles of Mathematics. In the same year, he published L'Algèbre de la logique, a classic introduction to Boolean algebra and the works of C.S. Peirce and Ernst Schröder.

In 1907, Couturat helped found the constructed language Ido, an offshoot of Esperanto, and was Ido's principal advocate over the remainder of his life. By advocating a constructed international language, constructed along logical principles and with a vocabulary taken from existing European languages, Couturat was paralleling Peano's advocacy of Interlingua. By pushing Ido, Couturat walked in Leibniz's footsteps; Leibniz called for the creation a universal symbolic and conceptual language he named the characteristica universalis.

Couturat, a confirmed pacifist, was killed when his car was hit by a car carrying orders for the mobilization of the French Army, in the first stage of World War I.

He appears as a character in Joseph Skibell's 2010 novel, A Curable Romantic.

Works

  • 1896: De Platonicis mythis Thesim Facultati Litterarum Parisiensi proponebat Ludovicus Couturat, Scholae Normalae olim alumnus. Parisiis: Felix Alcan Bibliopola. 120 p.
  • 1896: De l'Infini mathématique. Republished 1975, Georg Olms.
  • 1901: La Logique de Leibniz. Republished 1961, Georg Olms. Donald Rutherford's English translation in progress.
  • 1903: Opuscules et Fragments Inédits de Leibniz. Republished 1966, Georg Olms.
  • 1903: (with Léopold Leau) Histoire de la langue universelle. Paris: Hachette. Republished 2001, Olms.
  • 1905. Les Principes des Mathématiques: avec un appendice sur la philosophie des mathématiques de Kant.[1] Republished 1965, Georg Olms.
  • 1905: L'Algèbre de la logique.[2] 1914: P. E. B. Jourdain translator, The Algebra of Logic, Open Court, from Project Gutenberg.
  • 1906: ¨Pour la langue internationale,[3] Päris
  • 1907: (with Léopold Leau) Les nouvelles langues internationales. Paris: Hachette, republished 2001, Olms.
  • 1910: Étude sur la dérivation dans la langue internationale. Paris: Delagrave. 100 p.
  • 1910: (with Otto Jespersen, R. Lorenz, Wilhelm Ostwald and L.Pfaundler) International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science, Constable and Company Limited, London.
  • 1915: (with Louis de Beaufront) Dictionnari Français-Ido. Paris: Chaix, 586 p.

References

  1. ^ Young, J. W. (1907). "Review: Les Principes des Mathématiques, avec un appendice sur la philosophie des mathématiques de Kant, par Louis Couturat" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (3): 147–148. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1907-01584-7.
  2. ^ Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1908). "Review: L'Algèbre de la Logique, par Louis Couturat; Symbolic Logic and its Applications, by Hugh MacColl; The Development of Symbolic Logic by A. T. Shearman" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (4): 175–191. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1908-01573-8.
  3. ^ Couturat, Louis (1868-1914) Auteur du texte (1906). Pour la langue internationale / L. Couturat.

Sources

  • L'oeuvre de Louis Couturat. Presses de l'École Normale Supérieure. 1983. Proceedings of a conference.
  • Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (2000). The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870-1940. Princeton University Press. Bibliography contains 27 items by Couturat.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis Couturat.

May 29, 2023
louis, couturat, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, february, 2020, click, show, important, translation, instructions, translate, text, that, appears, unreliable, quality, possible, verify, text, with, references, pr. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Ido February 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ido Wikipedia article at io Louis Couturat see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated io Louis Couturat to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Louis Couturat French kutyʁa 17 January 1868 3 August 1914 was a French logician mathematician philosopher and linguist Couturat was a pioneer of the constructed language Ido Louis CouturatBorn17 January 1868Ris Orangis Essonne FranceDied3 August 1914 1914 08 04 aged 46 Melun Seine et Marne FranceNationalityFrenchOccupation s Logician philosopher mathematician and linguistKnown forIdo Contents 1 Life and education 2 Career 3 Works 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksLife and education EditBorn in Ris Orangis Essonne France In 1887 he entered Ecole Normale Superieure to study philosophy and mathematics In 1895 he lectured in philosophy at the University of Toulouse and 1897 lectured in philosophy of mathematics at the University of Caen Normandy taking a stand in favor of transfinite numbers After a time in Hanover studying the writings of Leibniz he became an assistant to Henri Louis Bergson at the College de France in 1905 Career EditHe was the French advocate of the symbolic logic that emerged in the years before World War I thanks to the writings of Charles Sanders Peirce Giuseppe Peano and his school and especially to The Principles of Mathematics by Couturat s friend and correspondent Bertrand Russell Like Russell Couturat saw symbolic logic as a tool to advance both mathematics and the philosophy of mathematics In this he was opposed by Henri Poincare who took considerable exception to Couturat s efforts to interest the French in symbolic logic With the benefit of hindsight we can see that Couturat was in broad agreement with the logicism of Russell while Poincare anticipated Brouwer s intuitionism His first major publication was De Platonicis mythis 1896 In 1901 he published La Logique de Leibniz a detailed study of Leibniz the logician based on his examination of the huge Leibniz Nachlass in Hanover Even though Leibniz had died in 1716 his Nachlass was cataloged only in 1895 Only then was it possible to determine the extent of Leibniz s unpublished work on logic In 1903 Couturat published much of that work in another large volume his Opuscules et Fragments Inedits de Leibniz containing many of the documents he had examined while writing La Logique Couturat was thus the first to appreciate that Leibniz was the greatest logician during the more than 2000 years that separate Aristotle from George Boole and Augustus De Morgan A significant part of the 20th century Leibniz revival is grounded in Couturat s editorial and exegetical efforts This work on Leibniz attracted Russell also the author of a 1900 book on Leibniz and thus began their professional correspondence and friendship In 1905 Couturat published a work on logic and the foundations of mathematics with an appendix on Kant s philosophy of mathematics that was originally conceived as a translation of Russell s Principles of Mathematics In the same year he published L Algebre de la logique a classic introduction to Boolean algebra and the works of C S Peirce and Ernst Schroder In 1907 Couturat helped found the constructed language Ido an offshoot of Esperanto and was Ido s principal advocate over the remainder of his life By advocating a constructed international language constructed along logical principles and with a vocabulary taken from existing European languages Couturat was paralleling Peano s advocacy of Interlingua By pushing Ido Couturat walked in Leibniz s footsteps Leibniz called for the creation a universal symbolic and conceptual language he named the characteristica universalis Couturat a confirmed pacifist was killed when his car was hit by a car carrying orders for the mobilization of the French Army in the first stage of World War I He appears as a character in Joseph Skibell s 2010 novel A Curable Romantic Works Edit1896 De Platonicis mythis Thesim Facultati Litterarum Parisiensi proponebat Ludovicus Couturat Scholae Normalae olim alumnus Parisiis Felix Alcan Bibliopola 120 p 1896 De l Infini mathematique Republished 1975 Georg Olms 1901 La Logique de Leibniz Republished 1961 Georg Olms Donald Rutherford s English translation in progress 1903 Opuscules et Fragments Inedits de Leibniz Republished 1966 Georg Olms 1903 with Leopold Leau Histoire de la langue universelle Paris Hachette Republished 2001 Olms 1905 Les Principes des Mathematiques avec un appendice sur la philosophie des mathematiques de Kant 1 Republished 1965 Georg Olms 1905 L Algebre de la logique 2 1914 P E B Jourdain translator The Algebra of Logic Open Court from Project Gutenberg 1906 Pour la langue internationale 3 Paris 1907 with Leopold Leau Les nouvelles langues internationales Paris Hachette republished 2001 Olms 1910 Etude sur la derivation dans la langue internationale Paris Delagrave 100 p 1910 with Otto Jespersen R Lorenz Wilhelm Ostwald and L Pfaundler International Language and Science Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science Constable and Company Limited London 1915 with Louis de Beaufront Dictionnari Francais Ido Paris Chaix 586 p References Edit Young J W 1907 Review Les Principes des Mathematiques avec un appendice sur la philosophie des mathematiques de Kant par Louis Couturat PDF Bull Amer Math Soc 14 3 147 148 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1907 01584 7 Wilson Edwin Bidwell 1908 Review L Algebre de la Logique par Louis Couturat Symbolic Logic and its Applications by Hugh MacColl The Development of Symbolic Logic by A T Shearman PDF Bull Amer Math Soc 14 4 175 191 doi 10 1090 S0002 9904 1908 01573 8 Couturat Louis 1868 1914 Auteur du texte 1906 Pour la langue internationale L Couturat Sources EditL oeuvre de Louis Couturat Presses de l Ecole Normale Superieure 1983 Proceedings of a conference Grattan Guinness Ivor 2000 The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870 1940 Princeton University Press Bibliography contains 27 items by Couturat External links EditO Connor John J Robertson Edmund F Louis Couturat MacTutor History of Mathematics archive University of St Andrews Louis Couturat at the Mathematics Genealogy Project Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis Couturat Auteur Couturat on French Wikisource Works by Louis Couturat at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Louis Couturat at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis Couturat amp oldid 1156118889, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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