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Wikipedia

Virgin Media

July 20, 2023

This article is about the UK subsidiary of Virgin Media O2. For the Irish company also known as Virgin Media, see Virgin Media Ireland.

Virgin Media is a British telecommunications company, founded in 2007, which provides telephone, television and internet services in the United Kingdom. Its headquarters are at Green Park in Reading, England. A range of videos advertising the company (many of which star Richard Branson and actor David Tennant) remain available on YouTube.[2] It is owned by Virgin Media O2, a 50:50 joint venture between Liberty Global and Telefónica.

Virgin Media Limited
TypeSubsidiary
Industry
Predecessors
Founded8 February 2007; 16 years ago (2007-02-08)[1]
HeadquartersReading, England, UK[1]
Area served
United Kingdom[1]
Key people
Products
Revenue £4.100 billion (2012)[1]
£0.699 billion (2012)[1]
£2.852 billion (2012)[1]
Total assets £10.504 billion (2012)[1]
OwnerVirgin Media O2
Number of employees
14,004 (2012)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.virginmedia.com

Virgin Media owns and operates its own fibre-optic cable network in the United Kingdom, although in most areas optical fibre does not reach customer premises, instead going to a nearby street cabinet to provide a fibre to the cabinet service. As of 31 December 2012, it had a total of approximately 4.8 million cable customers, of whom around 3.79 million were supplied with its television services (Virgin TV), around 4.2 million with broadband internet services and around 4.1 million with fixed-line telephony services.[1] At the same date, it had around 3 million mobile telephony customers.[1] Since the acquisition of Smallworld Cable in 2014, Virgin Media is the main cable provider in the UK, with the exception of WightFibre on the Isle of Wight,[3] and covers 51% of UK households.[4] Virgin Media competes primarily in broadband with Sky Group, BT Group and TalkTalk, and in mobile with EE, Vodafone and Three.[1]

History

Origins

Main articles: Telewest and NTL Incorporated
Further information: Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom

The company's origins lie in both Telewest and NTL, which merged in March 2006.

Telewest began in 1984 in Croydon under the name "Croydon Cable",[5] and was acquired by United Cable of Denver in 1988. The company expanded during the 1990s and adopted the Telewest name in 1992 following the merger of its then-parent TCI and US West. It expanded into cable television access in 1999 by purchasing the remaining 50% stake in Cable London, one of the first cable TV companies in the UK, from NTL, adding 400,000 homes in north London.[6] In April 2000 Telewest merged with Flextech,[7] and in November extended its cable network with the acquisition of Eurobell, taking the total number of homes past 4.9 million.[8]

NTL was established by Barclay Knapp and George Blumenthal in 1993 as "International CableTel", taking advantage of the deregulation of the UK cable market.[5] Initially, Cabletel acquired local cable franchises covering Guildford, Northern Ireland and parts of Central Scotland and South Wales. In 1996, CableTel acquired National Transcommunications Limited (NTL), the privatised UK Independent Broadcasting Authority transmission network.[9] In 1998 CableTel adopted "NTL" as its new name.

NTL purchased the ISP Virgin.net in 2004, having originally operated it as a joint venture with Virgin Group since it launched in November 1996.[10] It sold ADSL broadband services through BT landlines to those living outside areas served by NTL's cable network and also offered subscription-based and subscription-free dial-up Internet access. Prior to acquiring Virgin.net, NTL offered a similar package called NTL Freedom.

Merger and Virgin Mobile acquisition

Telewest and NTL began discussions about a merger in late 2003. Thanks to their geographically distinct areas, NTL and Telewest had co-operated previously, as in redirecting potential customers living outside their respective areas. On 3 October 2005, NTL announced a US$16 billion purchase of Telewest, to form one of the largest media companies in the UK. The merger agreement as structured would have required NTL to negotiate with BBC Worldwide (the BBC's commercial arm) due to a change-of-ownership clause written into the agreement for UKTV, a joint venture with Telewest's Flextech content division. To prevent this, Telewest instead acquired NTL.

In December 2005 NTL:Telewest and mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) Virgin Mobile UK announced that talks had taken place regarding a merger.[11] Virgin Mobile's independent directors rejected the original bid of £817 million ($1.4 billion), taking the view that NTL's bid "undervalued the business". Sir Richard Branson reportedly expressed confidence that a restructured deal could go ahead, and in January 2006 NTL increased its offer to £961 million (372p per share). On 4 April 2006, NTL announced a £962.4 million recommended offer for Virgin Mobile.[12] According to reports, Branson accepted a mix of shares and cash, making him a 10.7% shareholder of the combined company.

NTL and Telewest formally completed their merger on 3 March 2006, making the merged company the UK's largest cable provider, with more than 90% of the market. The combined company renamed itself NTL Incorporated, with ex-NTL shareholders controlling 75% of the stock and ex-Telewest shareholders 25%. Nine of the 11 directors of the new board came from NTL, with two from Telewest.[13]

NTL:Telewest's takeover of Virgin Mobile completed on 4 July 2006, creating the UK's first 'quadruple play' media company, offering television, internet, mobile phone and fixed-line telephone services. The deal included a 30-year exclusive branding agreement [14] that saw NTL adopt the "Virgin" name after it completed its merger with Telewest. NTL:Telewest announced on 8 November 2006 it would change its name to "Virgin Media Inc".[15]

On 9 November 2006, NTL announced it had approached the commercial television broadcaster ITV plc about a proposed merger,[16] after a similar announcement by ITV.[17] BSkyB effectively blocked the merger on 17 November 2006 by controversially buying a 17.9% stake in ITV plc,[18] a move that attracted anger from NTL shareholder Richard Branson,[19] and an investigation from media and telecoms regulator Ofcom.[20] On 6 December 2006 NTL announced that it had complained to the Office of Fair Trading about BSkyB's move, and would withdraw its attempt to buy ITV plc, stating it did not believe it could make a deal on favourable terms.[21]

Rebrand as Virgin Media

 
Virgin Media's offices in Nottingham

In November 2006, the company signed a deal with Sir Richard Branson to license the Virgin brand for the combined business. NTL Group's services – previously marketed under the NTL, Telewest and Virgin.net brands were merged with Virgin Mobile under the "Virgin Media" brand on 8 February 2007,[22] referred to by Virgin as V Day.[23] Virgin.net was integrated into the new brand as Virgin Media Beyond Cable (later Virgin Media National).

In February 2007, Virgin Central, an on-demand service, gained the rights to begin showing episodes of the television show Lost (already shown on Sky 1), and other shows including Alias and The OC. This service extended the on-demand service previously known as Teleport TV. Teleport TV was renamed TV Choice offering recently broadcast shows and other shows and series.[24]

Dispute with Sky

A channel agreement for Virgin Media to keep non-premium Sky channels ended on 1 March 2007. Virgin Media and Sky failed to reach agreement on the issue, and Sky reacted by posting a letter to the public in major UK newspapers on 28 February 2007.[citation needed] Despite Sky's letter, Virgin Media blamed Sky for tyrannising them and inciting consumers to switch. The companies failed to resolve their differences, and subsequently after midnight on 1 March 2007, Virgin Media replaced the Sky1, Sky2, Sky Travel, Sky Travel Extra, Sky Sports News and Sky News channel content with a standard message. Sky attributed part of the rate rise to the fact that the new deal would also include Sky3, Sky Arts and undisclosed high definition and video on demand content. Sky said the deal would cost only 3p per customer per day (roughly £35,000,000 per year), but Virgin said that a minimum payment guarantee included in the contract meant that the actual amount due would exceed twice the payment.[25]

 
Virgin Media's electronic programme guide contents after Virgin Media's contract to carry Sky News expired

The EPG name for Sky News was replaced with Old Sky Snooze.

On 2 March 2007 the National Consumer Council accused Sky and Virgin of "behaving like children" and stated that it would consider whether or not to raise a super-complaint against them "that will help to knock heads together" by the end of that month.[26] Then on 5 March 2007 Virgin Media threatened to take legal action against BSkyB if the matter remained unresolved in 30 days.[27] On 12 April 2007 Virgin Media filed a legal case in the High Court against BSkyB under the UK Competition Act 1998 and Article 82 of the EC Treaty. BSkyB claimed that Virgin Media made little effort to further arbitration.[28] On 9 May 2008 it was reported that Virgin Media and Sky had held talks to resolve the dispute.[29]

On 4 November 2008 it was announced that an agreement had been struck for Sky's Basic channels – including Sky1, Sky2, Sky3, Sky News, Sky Sports News, Sky Arts 1, Sky Arts 2, Sky Real Lives and Sky Real Lives 2 to return to Virgin Media from 13 November 2008 until 12 June 2011. In exchange Sky would provide continued carriage of Virgin Media Television's channels – Living, Livingit, Bravo, Bravo +1, Challenge, Challenge Jackpot and Virgin1 for the same period.[30] The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of £30m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments if their channels meet certain performance-related targets. As part of the agreements, both Sky and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels.[31]

On 26 August 2009 the Advertising Standards Authority upheld claims made by Virgin Media in its marketing, despite a complaint from Sky.

Liberty Global ownership

Until 2013, the company was listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market and the London Stock Exchange.[1] On 5 February 2013, Liberty Global announced that they had agreed to buy Virgin Media for approximately US$23.3 billion (£15 billion) in a stock and cash merger.[32] On 15 April, EU regulatory approval for the deal was granted, the final hurdle in the acquisition.[33] On 4 June, shareholders approved the acquisition[34] and the deal was completed on 7 June.[35]

On 3 February 2014, Virgin Media acquired Smallworld Fibre, a cable provider based in North West England and Western Scotland, for an undisclosed fee.[36] Smallworld's network was merged into Virgin Media's during 2014.[37]

In November 2014, Virgin Media reached an agreement to sell its ADSL business to TalkTalk Group, allowing Virgin to focus on its cable broadband offering.[38] Virgin began transferring customers to TalkTalk in February 2015.[39]

On 20 July 2018, it was announced that Virgin Media would stop broadcasting all of the UKTV channels from 22 July 2018 over fees[40] and an issue with Virgin's on-demand broadcasting rights.[41] The companies were not able to agree terms to allow the ten channels and their +1 and HD offshoots to continue to be available on the platform[42] and the channels stopped being available at just after midnight on 22 July 2018[43] with Virgin replacing the UKTV channels on their service with other networks.[44] This led to a backlash by customers with some threatening to leave.[45] The dispute finally ended after three weeks on 11 August 2018 after Virgin Media and UKTV reached an agreement. Virgin Media gradually restored all 10 UKTV channels with their +1 and HD Simulcast channels along with now added simulcast GOLD HD and the reinstalled UKTV Play app. The app now features five times the amount of more on-demand content now available. All UKTV Channels and UKTV app were all completely restored to Virgin Media platforms by 15 August 2018.[46]

Merger with O2

Main article: Virgin Media O2

On 7 May 2020, Liberty Global reached an agreement with Telefónica to merge their UK businesses, Virgin Media and O2, in a deal worth £31bn, subject to regulatory approval by the Competition and Markets Authority. The CMA approved the merger on 19 May 2021,[47] and the merger was completed on 1 June 2021.[48] This created one of the UK's largest entertainment and telecommunications companies, to rival BT Group.[49] The resulting company is called VMED O2 UK Limited, operating as Virgin Media O2.[50][51]

Operations

Virgin Broadband

The broadband division combines NTL's cable-broadband operations (broadband Internet access connections through cable), Blueyonder (Telewest's cable-broadband operations) and Virgin.net (ADSL, broadband Internet access through a non-cable telephone line).

Virgin Broadband in cabled areas is marketed as "fibre optic broadband". It is a FTTN network, where fibre optic trunk lines are used to connect the area's headend to cabinets on the street.[citation needed]

In July 2009 and 2010, Virgin Media Broadband came first in an Ofcom broadband speed test in the UK.[52][53] Ofcom tested typical speeds of broadband services provided by most ISPs in the UK, including BSkyB, BT, Tiscali, AOL, TalkTalk, Plusnet, O2 and Orange. Since most broadband connections in the UK are provided by ADSL, and the quality of individual phone lines varies according to distance from exchange,[54] most landline broadband services are marketed as being the maximum speed that the individual's phone line will support, "up to 8mb". As a result, actual speeds obtained vary greatly, but are always constrained by the individual phone line – the quality of which is out of the control of the broadband provider. Cable broadband has no such speed variability caused by connection quality as the network is fully owned and controlled by the cable company providing the broadband – any slowdowns are wholly as a result of traffic shaping, or local capacity being over-sold or over-subscribed. For this reason, the results showed that Virgin Media's broadband speed was closer to (although still not 100% of) the "up to" figures it advertised, compared to the other providers tested. While landline broadband providers offered rates of "up to" 24 Mbit/s, the launch of a Virgin's 50 Mbit/s service on 15 December 2008 was advertised as "the UK's Fastest Broadband."[55]

On 8 October 2009, Virgin Media began trials to deliver its TV and broadband services at up to 50 Mbit/s downstream via a VDSL2 line to a roadside cabinet. The cabinets were linked to Virgin Media backhaul via new fibre laid by Vtesse Networks through BT's local exchange, 5 km away.[56][57] As well as broadband, Virgin Media offered its full range of TV services, including high definition and on demand, over the new infrastructure.

On 11 March 2010, Virgin Media announced a six-month trial using telephone poles to deliver 50 Mbit/s broadband and TV services to the Berkshire village of Woolhampton.[58] Virgin Media identified more than one million homes in parts of the UK that could benefit from deployment over telephone poles, without the need for government subsidy. During July the trial was extended to existing commercial infrastructure in the Welsh village of Crumlin, Caerphilly.[59]

On 7 October 2010, Ofcom ordered BT to open up its fibre-optic network to competing broadband providers to help drive forward the rollout of high-speed internet services in the UK.[60] Ofcom further ordered BT to free up access to network infrastructure – including all telephone poles and underground ducts – for the rollout of broadband to areas BT does not plan to reach. Virgin Media confirmed plans to expand its broadband network in the UK by using the infrastructure owned by BT.[61] By using the approach, the company hoped to expand its network to reach as many as 16 million of the UK's 26m homes.

On 27 October 2010, Virgin Media announced its 100 Mbit/s downstream broadband service, featuring 10 Mbit/s upstream rates, which went on sale on 8 December 2010.[62] Early service areas were parts of London, the South East and Yorkshire.[63] With the faster upstream rates specifically, it expects the uptake in cloud computing services will also see an increase. The roll-out was expected to be complete by mid-2012.[63]

On 11 January 2012, Virgin Media announced plans to double the speeds of selected broadband packages; its 10 Mbit/s package will increase to 20 Mbit/s, 20 Mbit/s and 30 Mbit/s to 60 Mbit/s, 50 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, and its 100 Mbit/s package to 120 Mbit/s.[64] The roll-out is expected to begin in February 2012 and be completed by mid-2013, at a cost of £110m. Since the announcement, Virgin Media has confirmed that it now plans to also upgrade 50Mbit/s customers to 120Mbit/s at no extra cost, in effect cutting the monthly fee for existing 100Mbit/s customers.[65]

On 11 November 2013, Virgin Media announced its 152 Mbit/s downstream broadband service, featuring 12 Mbit/s upstream rates, which started rolling out to customers from 28 February 2014.[66] The company also upgraded existing customers, from 30Mb to 50Mb, 60Mb to 100Mb, and 120Mb to the new 152Mb service. The rollout is expected to be completed by early 2015.

In February 2015, Virgin Media announced its biggest investment in broadband infrastructure in over a decade. Set to invest £3bn in improving its fibre optic broadband network, Virgin Media will be increasing the network's reach from 13 million to 17 million homes.[67]

On 29 September 2015, Virgin Media announced its broadband packages would be rebranded as Vivid.[68] The company will upgrade existing customers from 50Mbit/s to 70Mbit/s, 100Mbit/s to 150Mbit/s and 152Mbit/s to 200Mbit/s. The speed upgrade will be rolled out to 90% of customers by the end of 2015.

On 22 March 2017, Virgin Media made ultrafast speeds standard with new bundles.[69] 100Mbit/s entry level rising to top speed of 300Mbit/s. On 29 April 2019, Virgin Media unveiled a new bundle with a download speed of 500Mbit/s; due to Virgin Media's practice of over-provisioning, this bundle can expect average speeds of 516Mbit/s and a max of 575Mbit/s.

On 30 September 2019, Virgin Media announced their new Gig1 package rollout,[70] providing download speeds up to 1140Mbit/s (over 1Gbit/s) and upload speeds up to 52Mbit/s, starting in Southampton, which has subsequently rolled out to selected major cities and their surrounding areas across the UK including Manchester, Leeds, Edinburgh and Glasgow.[71] This is being provided through upgrades to downstream to DOCSIS 3.1, with upload speeds still limited to DOCSIS 3.0 upstream infrastructure. They aim to finish the rollout across the entire Virgin Media network by the end of 2021.

On 29 June 2020, Virgin Media announced that customers on their "Ultimate Oomph" broadband, TV and phone package would receive a free speed boost from their M500 package to their new M600 package,[72] replacing 516 Mbps download and 36 Mbps upload with 636 Mbps download and 41 Mbps upload. The free upgrades were completed for all customers by 31 March 2021.[73] M600 is only available through the Ultimate Oomph package bundle.[74]

Advertised Broadband Packages (Mbps)[75]
Name Average download speed Min. guaranteed download speed Average upload speed
M50 54 27 5
M125 132 66 20
M250 264 132 25
M350 362 181 36
M500 516 258 52
M600^ 636 315 41
Gig1 Fibre 1130 565 104

Bandwidth throttling

Virgin Media maintain on their consumer website that they do not throttle users' download or upload bandwidth.[76]

However, Virgin Media did originally employ a form of bandwidth throttling whereby customer bandwidth was reduced temporarily after a threshold was reached during peak periods. The company experimented with and revised all parameters involved in the throttling, such as threshold size, peak period definitions, throttling percentage and duration. Separate thresholds were applied to upstream and downstream, and thresholds varied between packages.

In 2013, Virgin Media changed their traffic management policy to the detriment of their customers.[77] The policy stated a maximum throttling amount of 40% on most services, however users reported being throttled by as much as 54%.[78] Virgin Media's advertisements regarding their "unlimited" broadband services, and their controversial traffic management were investigated by the Advertising Standards Authority, after having previous advertisements banned.[79]

From 28 February 2014, Virgin Media announced that they were scrapping traffic management for downstream traffic on 30 Mbps or higher packages. As a result of this, 30 Mbps or higher packages were only throttled on the upstream, where as 20 Mbps or below packages were throttled on both the upstream and the downstream.[80] Sometime after this Virgin Media changed their policy again due to further feedback from customers, and they now state on their website that no matter what broadband package users have taken, they will not be subject to any bandwidth throttling.[81]

Usenet servers

Virgin Media customers may use Usenet servers (NNTP) with the address "news.virginmedia.com". These servers are outsourced to the Highwinds Network Group and are physically based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Virgin Media also hosts another operational Usenet server previously known as "text.news.ntlworld.com", now "text.news.virginmedia.com", which again has certain restrictions and limits article size to 50kb.

London Underground

In March 2012, Virgin Media won an exclusive contract to provide Wi-Fi access to London Underground platforms until 2017.[82] The company announced mobile internet at 80 stations by July 2012 and a further 40 stations by the end of 2012.[83] The service, which gives access to mobile internet via a TfL portal offering travel, news and entertainment bulletins, will remain free for Virgin Media customers, along with customers of partnered companies, such as Vodafone and EE, after the 2012 Summer Olympics. Other users will only be able to access a limited amount of free content on the TfL portal, with full mobile internet services offered on a pay-as-you-go basis.

Virgin Media Business

Main article: Virgin Media Business

On 11 February 2010, ntl:Telewest Business was rebranded as Virgin Media Business, marking the end of the NTL and Telewest brand being used by the company.[84] The company provides dedicated internet and telecommunications services to businesses.

Virgin Mobile

 
The former headquarters of Virgin Mobile in Trowbridge, Wiltshire.
Main article: Virgin Mobile (UK)

Virgin Media owns Virgin Mobile Telecoms Limited, a UK-based Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) with contracts to use EE's carrier network, with over four million subscribers.[85]

From 2021, Virgin Mobile will enter into a contract with Vodafone UK to use their network instead.[86] The contract is due to expire some time in 2026.[87]

Virgin Phone

Virgin Phone offers landline telephone services; it ranks as the number two service behind the former UK state monopoly, BT Group.[88]

On 1 April 2010, Virgin Media began to offer free home phone to mobile calls.[89] Virgin Phone customers are able to call Virgin Mobile customers at no charge, within the Talk Plan specified periods.

Virgin TV

Main article: Virgin TV

Virgin TV, the digital cable television service from Virgin Media, currently ranks as the UK's second largest pay TV service, having 3.6m subscribers, compared to BSkyB's 8.2m as of Q3 2007.[90]

Currently 55% of UK households potentially have access to Virgin's network,[91] while anyone in the UK with a line-of-sight view of the Astra & Eurobird satellites at 28.2° east has the ability to receive Sky's service.

Virgin TV ranks as the UK's largest provider of on-demand content, with over 3 million Video on Demand (VoD) customers and as of October 2011 over 6,500 hours of programming.[92]

Channels

Virgin TV carries around 300 digital television and radio channels, including a mixture of subscription, premium subscription and pay-per-view channels.

Former operations

Virgin Media Television

Main article: Living TV Group

Virgin Media Television (formerly Flextech) was the content subsidiary of Virgin Media, and operated a number of wholly owned channels including Bravo, LIVING, Trouble and Challenge. It launched Virgin1 on Freeview and cable on 1 October 2007, replacing Ftn on Freeview.[93]

On 4 June 2010, Virgin Media announced that they had reached an agreement to sell Virgin Media Television to BSkyB, subject to regulatory approval.[94][95] The acquisition expanded Sky's portfolio of basic pay TV channels and eliminated the carriage fees it previously paid for distributing VMtv channels on its TV services. In parallel, the companies reached a number of agreements providing for the carriage of certain Sky standard and high-definition (HD) channels, including securing new carriage agreements for wholesale distribution of Sky's basic channel line-up, including Sky 1 and Sky Arts, and the newly acquired VMtv channels, on Virgin Media's cable TV service.

On 29 June 2010, the Irish Competition Authority cleared the proposed transaction.[96] BSkyB and Virgin Media announced the completion of the acquisition on 13 July 2010, following Irish regulatory approval.[97] VMtv was then renamed the Living TV Group. In completing the acquisition, Sky paid Virgin Media an initial £105 million with up to an additional £55 million to be paid upon UK regulatory clearance.

On 20 July 2010, the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) announced they would review BSkyB's acquisition of Virgin Media Television to judge whether it posed any competition concerns in the UK.[98] On 14 September 2010, the OFT decided not to refer BSkyB's takeover of Virgin Media's TV channels to the Competition Commission.[99]

Virgin1 was also a part of the deal but was rebranded as Channel One on 3 September 2010, as the Virgin name was not licensed to Sky.[100][101] The new carriage deals were for up to nine years.[102] Previously the carriage deals tended to be struck every three years.

Sit-up

Main article: Bid Shopping

Virgin Media owned Sit-up Ltd, a UK-based broadcaster of home shopping television channels, as a joint venture from its launch in 2000 and in full from May 2005. It operated the channels Bid TV, Price Drop TV and Speed Auction TV, shown on digital satellite, cable, and terrestrial television and the internet.

On 1 April 2009, Virgin Media confirmed it had sold Sit-up to Aurelius AG for an unspecified amount.[103]

Virgin Media Pioneers

Virgin Media Pioneers was an online community for British entrepreneurs, providing tips, advice and networking. Founded in 2010, the company was an initiative of Virgin Media.

In 2011 Virgin Media Pioneers launched the Control Shift Campaign[104] which polled over 1,600 young aspiring entrepreneurs on changes the government could make to help them create new businesses. The campaign resulted in the introduction of a £10 million Youth Enterprise Loan.[105]

UKTV

Main article: UKTV

UKTV is a digital cable and satellite television network, formed through a joint venture between BBC Worldwide, a commercial subsidiary of the BBC, and Virgin Media. It is one of the United Kingdom's largest television companies.[106] UKTV's channels are available via satellite and cable in the UK and Ireland. In the UK, on digital terrestrial television, Yesterday and Dave are available on the Freeview platform. W (formerly Watch) is the flagship channel operated by the network; it is a general entertainment channel that launched on 7 October 2008.

On 15 August 2011, Virgin Media agreed to sell its 50% stake in UKTV to Scripps Networks Interactive in a deal worth £339m. Scripps paid £239m in cash, and about £100m to acquire the outstanding preferred stock and debt owed by UKTV to Virgin Media.[107] Completion of the transaction was contingent on regulatory approvals in Ireland and Jersey, which was received on 3 October 2011.[108] Related to the transaction, Scripps Networks Interactive and BBC Worldwide are negotiating an agreement whereby, after completion, BBC Worldwide would have the option, via a combination of cash and a package of digital rights for UKTV, to increase its shareholding from 50% to a maximum of 60%. Scripps Networks Interactive's existing voting rights and board representation would be unaffected by this proposed arrangement, which would be subject to BBC Executive and BBC Trust approvals.

Corporate affairs

Ownership

Following the completion of the merger between NTL and Telewest, and the acquisition of Virgin Mobile, the company agreed a 30-year licensing agreement with Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group to use the Virgin brand, with a ten-year opt-out clause. Branson accepted a mix of shares and cash, making him a 10.7% shareholder of the combined company at the time.[109]

In July 2007, Virgin Group hedged 37% of its stake in Virgin Media for $224m through a collared loan agreement with Credit Suisse, a transaction which enabled it to retain the voting and dividend rights. Virgin Group had the option of buying back the 12.8m Virgin Media shares it had mortgaged after two years, but in May 2009 decided against this. The funds were used at the time by Virgin Group to invest in other areas of its business, such as Virgin Green Fund, which was launched in September 2007, Virgin America and Virgin Mobile India.[110] By December 2009, Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Entertainment Investment Holdings Limited held a minority holding of 21,413,099 Virgin Media common stock,[111] making him the third largest shareholder.

Liberty Global announced on 5 February 2013 that they had agreed to buy the company for approximately US$23.3 billion (£15 billion) in a stock and cash merger.[32] Shareholders approved the acquisition on 4 June,[34] and the deal was completed on 7 June.[35]

Virgin Media's UK operations are ultimately controlled by a US Delaware organisation named Virgin Media (UK) Group Inc.[112] Interested stakeholders cannot confirm who actually owns and controls Virgin Media due to Delaware company law not requiring disclosure of controlling ownership in annual reports made to the state.[113] The company named Virgin Media (UK) Group LLC was closed and dissolved in 2016.[114]

Market share

As of 2014, Virgin Media has a 20% share of the broadband market, equal with Sky Broadband, and behind BT Total Broadband (on 31%).[115] By 2016, its market share had dropped slightly to 19%, behind BT (32%) and Sky (23%).

Virgin Television has currently around 3.4 million subscribers.[116] 3.2 million of them are digital cable customers, and the other 200,000 are analogue cable customers. Virgin makes up around 15% of the UK's TV distributors, with Freeview having the most, and Sky being second.[citation needed]

Advertising

Virgin Media launched in February 2007, with a public relations event and expensive advertising campaign covering major UK television channels, newspapers and billboards. Television advertising featured actress Uma Thurman, comedian Ruby Wax, and actors Samuel L. Jackson, Marc Warren, and David Tennant.

Virgin Media also sponsored the Channel 4 reality TV show Big Brother in its eighth series in 2007 and its Celebrity Hijack and ninth series in 2008.

In October 2010, Virgin Media airs its another campaign with a Looney Tunes character, Speedy Gonzales, he was also served as a mascot for the company and was plastered everywhere throughout the UK, the London Underground station, adverts that features him on the TV during advert breaks of The X Factor on ITV, appearing in-game, and throughout the web.

In 2012, Virgin Media launched a multimillion-pound ad campaign starring Usain Bolt and Virgin founder Sir Richard Branson to promote Virgin's superfast broadband service. The TV adverts were directed by Seth Gordon and involved Bolt impersonating Branson.[117]

On 8 June 2016, Southampton F.C. announced that Virgin Media would become the club's shirt sponsor on a three-year deal.[118]

Controversies

Net neutrality

In April 2008, acting Virgin CEO Neil Berkett sparked controversy when he told Television, a magazine published by the Royal Television Society, "this net neutrality thing is a load of bollocks." According to the journalist, he claimed that any video content provider that refused to pay Virgin Media a premium for faster access would have to get stuck in "bus lanes," having their content delivered to end users at much slower speeds than that of paying content providers.[119]

Widespread criticism of this policy was expressed on the internet, with large internet communities requesting that Virgin customers end their subscriptions and initiate a mass boycott.[120]

According to Virgin Media, the comments in the article were taken out of context and misinterpreted.[121] A statement released by the company states: "With Virgin Media rolling out a 50Mb service later this year, we are uniquely equipped to cope with the demand for new bandwidth-hungry services. We strongly support the principle that the internet should remain a space that is open to all and we have not called for content providers to pay for distribution. However, we recognise that as more customers turn to the web for content, different providers will have different needs and priorities and in the long term, it's legitimate to question how this demand will be managed. We welcome an informed debate on this issue."

Crackdown on illegal filesharing of copyrighted material

On 2 April 2008, The Daily Telegraph reported that Virgin Media would be beginning a trial to take action against subscribers who are illegally downloading copyrighted material from internet Peer-to-peer (P2P) services. Information of offenders would be provided by the British Phonographic Industry, and then Virgin Media and the BPI sends a warning letter to the customer.[122][123]

Virgin Media and the BPI denied reports of any agreement or pilot scheme and said they were only in talks on the matter.[124] However, at least one person claimed to have received a letter threatening disconnection.[125] Although the UK government backed plans to ban p2p users from the internet, it may soon be overturned by strong condemnation from the European Parliament on the grounds of privacy issues and the importance of internet access.[126]

In July 2008, the BBC reported that 800 Virgin Media customers who the BPI claim are sharing copyrighted files were sent warning letters in envelopes marked "If you don't read this, your broadband connection could be disconnected". At least one recipient of the letter denied any wrongdoing by any authorised user of his broadband connection.[127]

On 26 November 2009, it was revealed that Virgin Media would trial deep packet inspection technology to measure the level of illegal file sharing on its network.[128] The CView system, provided by Detica, will look at traffic and identify the peer-to-peer packets. It will then peer inside those packets and try to determine what is licensed and what is unlicensed, based on data provided by the record industry. The trial – which has no scheduled end date – will cover about 40% of Virgin Media's network but those involved will not be informed. Virgin Media emphasised that it is seeking to measure the overall level of illegal file sharing, not to keep records on individual customers. Data on the level of copyright infringement will be aggregated and anonymised.

On 22 January 2010, the European Commission confirmed that although it had not discussed the matter with Virgin Media, it would "closely monitor" the trial.[129] Privacy International announced that it would press a criminal complaint with the Metropolitan Police, because it argued that under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations (PECR) and the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) as well as the European ePrivacy Directive, interception and processing of communications requires either explicit informed consent from all parties or a warrant.

On 3 May 2012, it was reported that Virgin Media had become the first ISP in the UK to implement a web filter to block access to The Pirate Bay, in compliance with a UK High Court order in April,[130] although there continues to be a great number of mirrors, proxies, or VPNs, so this has proved unsuccessful.[131]

Charging exit fees

Virgin Media charges customers exit fees when they move to a location where they are unable to receive Virgin Media services. Ofcom is investigating Virgin Media for this practice and was due to make a preliminary decision in April 2018.[132][133] In an update in May 2018, Ofcom reported that it had reasonable grounds to believe that Virgin had contravened one of its General Conditions by: setting and charging customers early termination charges (ETCs) which were too high; requiring customers moving house to an area within Virgin's network to sign up to a new fixed term contract or pay ETCs; and failing to take action to ensure that its conditions and procedures for contract termination did not act as disincentives to its customers against changing provider. Ofcom also found it had reasonable grounds for believing Virgin had contravened another General Condition when it failed to publish on its website clear and up-to-date information about the ETCs payable when fixed term contracts are terminated.[134]

Data pimping

In early 2008, it was announced that the ISP arm of Virgin Media had entered into a contract (along with BT and TalkTalk) with the former spyware company Phorm (responsible under their 121Media guise for the Apropos rootkit)[135][136] to intercept and analyse their users' click-stream data, and sell the anonymised aggregate information as part of Phorm's OIX advertising service.[137][138] The practice, which has become known as "data pimping", came under intense fire from various internet communities and other interested parties who believe that the interception of data is illegal under UK law (RIPA).[139][140] At a more fundamental level, many have argued that the ISPs and Phorm have no right to sell a commodity (a user's data) to which they have no claim of ownership.

Though Phorm initially claimed Virgin Media had signed an exclusive contract and were committed to implementing Phorm's Webwise tracking system, Virgin Media have since distanced themselves from this and now state that they have only signed a preliminary contract with Phorm to better understand the tracking technology, and are under no obligation to implement it.[141] Reports on the Guardian website in May 2008 suggested Virgin Media may be further distancing themselves from the controversial system.[142]

Wikipedia censorship

Main article: Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia

In December 2008, Virgin Media was one of several ISPs in the UK to attempt to censor its users' access to the Wikipedia article about the 1976 album Virgin Killer by stadium rock band Scorpions.[143] The album cover has generated controversy, as it features the partially obscured image of a naked, underage girl. The Wikipedia article includes this image and its URL was blacklisted by the Internet Watch Foundation after a user complaint. The blacklisting has since been rescinded.

Security issues

10-month exposure to data theft

In March 2020, it became known that the Virgin Media marketing database accommodating the personal details (phone numbers, home and email addresses) of 900,000 users was left unsecured for 10 months. The company admitted that a member of their staff hadn't followed the correct security procedures, which resulted in the system's vulnerability. It is known for sure that at least one occasion of unauthorised access took place throughout these 10 months. After shutting down access, a forensic investigation was launched to gauge the extent of the damage and determine whether any data had been leaked.[144]

See also

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External links

  •   Media related to Virgin Media at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website  
  • Virgin Media Business
  • Virgin Mobile

July 20, 2023
virgin, media, this, article, about, subsidiary, irish, company, also, known, ireland, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, march, 2022, british, telecommunications, company. This article is about the UK subsidiary of Virgin Media O2 For the Irish company also known as Virgin Media see Virgin Media Ireland This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information March 2022 Virgin Media is a British telecommunications company founded in 2007 which provides telephone television and internet services in the United Kingdom Its headquarters are at Green Park in Reading England A range of videos advertising the company many of which star Richard Branson and actor David Tennant remain available on YouTube 2 It is owned by Virgin Media O2 a 50 50 joint venture between Liberty Global and Telefonica Virgin Media LimitedTypeSubsidiaryIndustryTelecommunications Mass mediaPredecessorsNTLTelewestFounded8 February 2007 16 years ago 2007 02 08 1 HeadquartersReading England UK 1 Area servedUnited Kingdom 1 Key peopleJohn C Malone chairman Lutz Schuler CEO ProductsDigital television broadband internet fixed line telephone mobile telephonyRevenue 4 100 billion 2012 1 Operating income 0 699 billion 2012 1 Net income 2 852 billion 2012 1 Total assets 10 504 billion 2012 1 OwnerVirgin Media O2Number of employees14 004 2012 1 SubsidiariesVirgin Media Business Virgin MobileWebsitewww wbr virginmedia wbr comVirgin Media owns and operates its own fibre optic cable network in the United Kingdom although in most areas optical fibre does not reach customer premises instead going to a nearby street cabinet to provide a fibre to the cabinet service As of 31 December 2012 it had a total of approximately 4 8 million cable customers of whom around 3 79 million were supplied with its television services Virgin TV around 4 2 million with broadband internet services and around 4 1 million with fixed line telephony services 1 At the same date it had around 3 million mobile telephony customers 1 Since the acquisition of Smallworld Cable in 2014 Virgin Media is the main cable provider in the UK with the exception of WightFibre on the Isle of Wight 3 and covers 51 of UK households 4 Virgin Media competes primarily in broadband with Sky Group BT Group and TalkTalk and in mobile with EE Vodafone and Three 1 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Merger and Virgin Mobile acquisition 1 3 Rebrand as Virgin Media 1 4 Dispute with Sky 1 5 Liberty Global ownership 1 6 Merger with O2 2 Operations 2 1 Virgin Broadband 2 1 1 Bandwidth throttling 2 1 2 Usenet servers 2 1 3 London Underground 2 2 Virgin Media Business 2 3 Virgin Mobile 2 4 Virgin Phone 2 5 Virgin TV 2 5 1 Channels 3 Former operations 3 1 Virgin Media Television 3 2 Sit up 3 3 Virgin Media Pioneers 3 4 UKTV 4 Corporate affairs 4 1 Ownership 4 2 Market share 4 3 Advertising 5 Controversies 5 1 Net neutrality 5 2 Crackdown on illegal filesharing of copyrighted material 5 3 Charging exit fees 5 4 Data pimping 5 5 Wikipedia censorship 6 Security issues 6 1 10 month exposure to data theft 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditOrigins Edit Main articles Telewest and NTL Incorporated Further information Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom The company s origins lie in both Telewest and NTL which merged in March 2006 Telewest began in 1984 in Croydon under the name Croydon Cable 5 and was acquired by United Cable of Denver in 1988 The company expanded during the 1990s and adopted the Telewest name in 1992 following the merger of its then parent TCI and US West It expanded into cable television access in 1999 by purchasing the remaining 50 stake in Cable London one of the first cable TV companies in the UK from NTL adding 400 000 homes in north London 6 In April 2000 Telewest merged with Flextech 7 and in November extended its cable network with the acquisition of Eurobell taking the total number of homes past 4 9 million 8 NTL was established by Barclay Knapp and George Blumenthal in 1993 as International CableTel taking advantage of the deregulation of the UK cable market 5 Initially Cabletel acquired local cable franchises covering Guildford Northern Ireland and parts of Central Scotland and South Wales In 1996 CableTel acquired National Transcommunications Limited NTL the privatised UK Independent Broadcasting Authority transmission network 9 In 1998 CableTel adopted NTL as its new name NTL purchased the ISP Virgin net in 2004 having originally operated it as a joint venture with Virgin Group since it launched in November 1996 10 It sold ADSL broadband services through BT landlines to those living outside areas served by NTL s cable network and also offered subscription based and subscription free dial up Internet access Prior to acquiring Virgin net NTL offered a similar package called NTL Freedom Merger and Virgin Mobile acquisition Edit Telewest and NTL began discussions about a merger in late 2003 Thanks to their geographically distinct areas NTL and Telewest had co operated previously as in redirecting potential customers living outside their respective areas On 3 October 2005 NTL announced a US 16 billion purchase of Telewest to form one of the largest media companies in the UK The merger agreement as structured would have required NTL to negotiate with BBC Worldwide the BBC s commercial arm due to a change of ownership clause written into the agreement for UKTV a joint venture with Telewest s Flextech content division To prevent this Telewest instead acquired NTL In December 2005 NTL Telewest and mobile virtual network operator MVNO Virgin Mobile UK announced that talks had taken place regarding a merger 11 Virgin Mobile s independent directors rejected the original bid of 817 million 1 4 billion taking the view that NTL s bid undervalued the business Sir Richard Branson reportedly expressed confidence that a restructured deal could go ahead and in January 2006 NTL increased its offer to 961 million 372p per share On 4 April 2006 NTL announced a 962 4 million recommended offer for Virgin Mobile 12 According to reports Branson accepted a mix of shares and cash making him a 10 7 shareholder of the combined company NTL and Telewest formally completed their merger on 3 March 2006 making the merged company the UK s largest cable provider with more than 90 of the market The combined company renamed itself NTL Incorporated with ex NTL shareholders controlling 75 of the stock and ex Telewest shareholders 25 Nine of the 11 directors of the new board came from NTL with two from Telewest 13 NTL Telewest s takeover of Virgin Mobile completed on 4 July 2006 creating the UK s first quadruple play media company offering television internet mobile phone and fixed line telephone services The deal included a 30 year exclusive branding agreement 14 that saw NTL adopt the Virgin name after it completed its merger with Telewest NTL Telewest announced on 8 November 2006 it would change its name to Virgin Media Inc 15 On 9 November 2006 NTL announced it had approached the commercial television broadcaster ITV plc about a proposed merger 16 after a similar announcement by ITV 17 BSkyB effectively blocked the merger on 17 November 2006 by controversially buying a 17 9 stake in ITV plc 18 a move that attracted anger from NTL shareholder Richard Branson 19 and an investigation from media and telecoms regulator Ofcom 20 On 6 December 2006 NTL announced that it had complained to the Office of Fair Trading about BSkyB s move and would withdraw its attempt to buy ITV plc stating it did not believe it could make a deal on favourable terms 21 Rebrand as Virgin Media Edit Virgin Media s offices in NottinghamIn November 2006 the company signed a deal with Sir Richard Branson to license the Virgin brand for the combined business NTL Group s services previously marketed under the NTL Telewest and Virgin net brands were merged with Virgin Mobile under the Virgin Media brand on 8 February 2007 22 referred to by Virgin as V Day 23 Virgin net was integrated into the new brand as Virgin Media Beyond Cable later Virgin Media National In February 2007 Virgin Central an on demand service gained the rights to begin showing episodes of the television show Lost already shown on Sky 1 and other shows including Alias and The OC This service extended the on demand service previously known as Teleport TV Teleport TV was renamed TV Choice offering recently broadcast shows and other shows and series 24 Dispute with Sky Edit A channel agreement for Virgin Media to keep non premium Sky channels ended on 1 March 2007 Virgin Media and Sky failed to reach agreement on the issue and Sky reacted by posting a letter to the public in major UK newspapers on 28 February 2007 citation needed Despite Sky s letter Virgin Media blamed Sky for tyrannising them and inciting consumers to switch The companies failed to resolve their differences and subsequently after midnight on 1 March 2007 Virgin Media replaced the Sky1 Sky2 Sky Travel Sky Travel Extra Sky Sports News and Sky News channel content with a standard message Sky attributed part of the rate rise to the fact that the new deal would also include Sky3 Sky Arts and undisclosed high definition and video on demand content Sky said the deal would cost only 3p per customer per day roughly 35 000 000 per year but Virgin said that a minimum payment guarantee included in the contract meant that the actual amount due would exceed twice the payment 25 Virgin Media s electronic programme guide contents after Virgin Media s contract to carry Sky News expiredThe EPG name for Sky News was replaced with Old Sky Snooze On 2 March 2007 the National Consumer Council accused Sky and Virgin of behaving like children and stated that it would consider whether or not to raise a super complaint against them that will help to knock heads together by the end of that month 26 Then on 5 March 2007 Virgin Media threatened to take legal action against BSkyB if the matter remained unresolved in 30 days 27 On 12 April 2007 Virgin Media filed a legal case in the High Court against BSkyB under the UK Competition Act 1998 and Article 82 of the EC Treaty BSkyB claimed that Virgin Media made little effort to further arbitration 28 On 9 May 2008 it was reported that Virgin Media and Sky had held talks to resolve the dispute 29 On 4 November 2008 it was announced that an agreement had been struck for Sky s Basic channels including Sky1 Sky2 Sky3 Sky News Sky Sports News Sky Arts 1 Sky Arts 2 Sky Real Lives and Sky Real Lives 2 to return to Virgin Media from 13 November 2008 until 12 June 2011 In exchange Sky would provide continued carriage of Virgin Media Television s channels Living Livingit Bravo Bravo 1 Challenge Challenge Jackpot and Virgin1 for the same period 30 The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of 30m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments if their channels meet certain performance related targets As part of the agreements both Sky and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels 31 On 26 August 2009 the Advertising Standards Authority upheld claims made by Virgin Media in its marketing despite a complaint from Sky Liberty Global ownership Edit Until 2013 the company was listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market and the London Stock Exchange 1 On 5 February 2013 Liberty Global announced that they had agreed to buy Virgin Media for approximately US 23 3 billion 15 billion in a stock and cash merger 32 On 15 April EU regulatory approval for the deal was granted the final hurdle in the acquisition 33 On 4 June shareholders approved the acquisition 34 and the deal was completed on 7 June 35 On 3 February 2014 Virgin Media acquired Smallworld Fibre a cable provider based in North West England and Western Scotland for an undisclosed fee 36 Smallworld s network was merged into Virgin Media s during 2014 37 In November 2014 Virgin Media reached an agreement to sell its ADSL business to TalkTalk Group allowing Virgin to focus on its cable broadband offering 38 Virgin began transferring customers to TalkTalk in February 2015 39 On 20 July 2018 it was announced that Virgin Media would stop broadcasting all of the UKTV channels from 22 July 2018 over fees 40 and an issue with Virgin s on demand broadcasting rights 41 The companies were not able to agree terms to allow the ten channels and their 1 and HD offshoots to continue to be available on the platform 42 and the channels stopped being available at just after midnight on 22 July 2018 43 with Virgin replacing the UKTV channels on their service with other networks 44 This led to a backlash by customers with some threatening to leave 45 The dispute finally ended after three weeks on 11 August 2018 after Virgin Media and UKTV reached an agreement Virgin Media gradually restored all 10 UKTV channels with their 1 and HD Simulcast channels along with now added simulcast GOLD HD and the reinstalled UKTV Play app The app now features five times the amount of more on demand content now available All UKTV Channels and UKTV app were all completely restored to Virgin Media platforms by 15 August 2018 46 Merger with O2 Edit Main article Virgin Media O2 On 7 May 2020 Liberty Global reached an agreement with Telefonica to merge their UK businesses Virgin Media and O2 in a deal worth 31bn subject to regulatory approval by the Competition and Markets Authority The CMA approved the merger on 19 May 2021 47 and the merger was completed on 1 June 2021 48 This created one of the UK s largest entertainment and telecommunications companies to rival BT Group 49 The resulting company is called VMED O2 UK Limited operating as Virgin Media O2 50 51 Operations EditVirgin Broadband Edit The broadband division combines NTL s cable broadband operations broadband Internet access connections through cable Blueyonder Telewest s cable broadband operations and Virgin net ADSL broadband Internet access through a non cable telephone line Virgin Broadband in cabled areas is marketed as fibre optic broadband It is a FTTN network where fibre optic trunk lines are used to connect the area s headend to cabinets on the street citation needed In July 2009 and 2010 Virgin Media Broadband came first in an Ofcom broadband speed test in the UK 52 53 Ofcom tested typical speeds of broadband services provided by most ISPs in the UK including BSkyB BT Tiscali AOL TalkTalk Plusnet O2 and Orange Since most broadband connections in the UK are provided by ADSL and the quality of individual phone lines varies according to distance from exchange 54 most landline broadband services are marketed as being the maximum speed that the individual s phone line will support up to 8mb As a result actual speeds obtained vary greatly but are always constrained by the individual phone line the quality of which is out of the control of the broadband provider Cable broadband has no such speed variability caused by connection quality as the network is fully owned and controlled by the cable company providing the broadband any slowdowns are wholly as a result of traffic shaping or local capacity being over sold or over subscribed For this reason the results showed that Virgin Media s broadband speed was closer to although still not 100 of the up to figures it advertised compared to the other providers tested While landline broadband providers offered rates of up to 24 Mbit s the launch of a Virgin s 50 Mbit s service on 15 December 2008 was advertised as the UK s Fastest Broadband 55 On 8 October 2009 Virgin Media began trials to deliver its TV and broadband services at up to 50 Mbit s downstream via a VDSL2 line to a roadside cabinet The cabinets were linked to Virgin Media backhaul via new fibre laid by Vtesse Networks through BT s local exchange 5 km away 56 57 As well as broadband Virgin Media offered its full range of TV services including high definition and on demand over the new infrastructure On 11 March 2010 Virgin Media announced a six month trial using telephone poles to deliver 50 Mbit s broadband and TV services to the Berkshire village of Woolhampton 58 Virgin Media identified more than one million homes in parts of the UK that could benefit from deployment over telephone poles without the need for government subsidy During July the trial was extended to existing commercial infrastructure in the Welsh village of Crumlin Caerphilly 59 On 7 October 2010 Ofcom ordered BT to open up its fibre optic network to competing broadband providers to help drive forward the rollout of high speed internet services in the UK 60 Ofcom further ordered BT to free up access to network infrastructure including all telephone poles and underground ducts for the rollout of broadband to areas BT does not plan to reach Virgin Media confirmed plans to expand its broadband network in the UK by using the infrastructure owned by BT 61 By using the approach the company hoped to expand its network to reach as many as 16 million of the UK s 26m homes On 27 October 2010 Virgin Media announced its 100 Mbit s downstream broadband service featuring 10 Mbit s upstream rates which went on sale on 8 December 2010 62 Early service areas were parts of London the South East and Yorkshire 63 With the faster upstream rates specifically it expects the uptake in cloud computing services will also see an increase The roll out was expected to be complete by mid 2012 63 On 11 January 2012 Virgin Media announced plans to double the speeds of selected broadband packages its 10 Mbit s package will increase to 20 Mbit s 20 Mbit s and 30 Mbit s to 60 Mbit s 50 Mbit s to 100 Mbit s and its 100 Mbit s package to 120 Mbit s 64 The roll out is expected to begin in February 2012 and be completed by mid 2013 at a cost of 110m Since the announcement Virgin Media has confirmed that it now plans to also upgrade 50Mbit s customers to 120Mbit s at no extra cost in effect cutting the monthly fee for existing 100Mbit s customers 65 On 11 November 2013 Virgin Media announced its 152 Mbit s downstream broadband service featuring 12 Mbit s upstream rates which started rolling out to customers from 28 February 2014 66 The company also upgraded existing customers from 30Mb to 50Mb 60Mb to 100Mb and 120Mb to the new 152Mb service The rollout is expected to be completed by early 2015 In February 2015 Virgin Media announced its biggest investment in broadband infrastructure in over a decade Set to invest 3bn in improving its fibre optic broadband network Virgin Media will be increasing the network s reach from 13 million to 17 million homes 67 On 29 September 2015 Virgin Media announced its broadband packages would be rebranded as Vivid 68 The company will upgrade existing customers from 50Mbit s to 70Mbit s 100Mbit s to 150Mbit s and 152Mbit s to 200Mbit s The speed upgrade will be rolled out to 90 of customers by the end of 2015 On 22 March 2017 Virgin Media made ultrafast speeds standard with new bundles 69 100Mbit s entry level rising to top speed of 300Mbit s On 29 April 2019 Virgin Media unveiled a new bundle with a download speed of 500Mbit s due to Virgin Media s practice of over provisioning this bundle can expect average speeds of 516Mbit s and a max of 575Mbit s On 30 September 2019 Virgin Media announced their new Gig1 package rollout 70 providing download speeds up to 1140Mbit s over 1Gbit s and upload speeds up to 52Mbit s starting in Southampton which has subsequently rolled out to selected major cities and their surrounding areas across the UK including Manchester Leeds Edinburgh and Glasgow 71 This is being provided through upgrades to downstream to DOCSIS 3 1 with upload speeds still limited to DOCSIS 3 0 upstream infrastructure They aim to finish the rollout across the entire Virgin Media network by the end of 2021 On 29 June 2020 Virgin Media announced that customers on their Ultimate Oomph broadband TV and phone package would receive a free speed boost from their M500 package to their new M600 package 72 replacing 516 Mbps download and 36 Mbps upload with 636 Mbps download and 41 Mbps upload The free upgrades were completed for all customers by 31 March 2021 73 M600 is only available through the Ultimate Oomph package bundle 74 Advertised Broadband Packages Mbps 75 Name Average download speed Min guaranteed download speed Average upload speedM50 54 27 5M125 132 66 20M250 264 132 25M350 362 181 36M500 516 258 52M600 636 315 41Gig1 Fibre 1130 565 104Bandwidth throttling Edit Virgin Media maintain on their consumer website that they do not throttle users download or upload bandwidth 76 However Virgin Media did originally employ a form of bandwidth throttling whereby customer bandwidth was reduced temporarily after a threshold was reached during peak periods The company experimented with and revised all parameters involved in the throttling such as threshold size peak period definitions throttling percentage and duration Separate thresholds were applied to upstream and downstream and thresholds varied between packages In 2013 Virgin Media changed their traffic management policy to the detriment of their customers 77 The policy stated a maximum throttling amount of 40 on most services however users reported being throttled by as much as 54 78 Virgin Media s advertisements regarding their unlimited broadband services and their controversial traffic management were investigated by the Advertising Standards Authority after having previous advertisements banned 79 From 28 February 2014 Virgin Media announced that they were scrapping traffic management for downstream traffic on 30 Mbps or higher packages As a result of this 30 Mbps or higher packages were only throttled on the upstream where as 20 Mbps or below packages were throttled on both the upstream and the downstream 80 Sometime after this Virgin Media changed their policy again due to further feedback from customers and they now state on their website that no matter what broadband package users have taken they will not be subject to any bandwidth throttling 81 Usenet servers Edit Virgin Media customers may use Usenet servers NNTP with the address news virginmedia com These servers are outsourced to the Highwinds Network Group and are physically based in Amsterdam Netherlands Virgin Media also hosts another operational Usenet server previously known as text news ntlworld com now text news virginmedia com which again has certain restrictions and limits article size to 50kb London Underground Edit In March 2012 Virgin Media won an exclusive contract to provide Wi Fi access to London Underground platforms until 2017 82 The company announced mobile internet at 80 stations by July 2012 and a further 40 stations by the end of 2012 83 The service which gives access to mobile internet via a TfL portal offering travel news and entertainment bulletins will remain free for Virgin Media customers along with customers of partnered companies such as Vodafone and EE after the 2012 Summer Olympics Other users will only be able to access a limited amount of free content on the TfL portal with full mobile internet services offered on a pay as you go basis Virgin Media Business Edit Main article Virgin Media Business On 11 February 2010 ntl Telewest Business was rebranded as Virgin Media Business marking the end of the NTL and Telewest brand being used by the company 84 The company provides dedicated internet and telecommunications services to businesses Virgin Mobile Edit The former headquarters of Virgin Mobile in Trowbridge Wiltshire Main article Virgin Mobile UK Virgin Media owns Virgin Mobile Telecoms Limited a UK based Mobile Virtual Network Operator MVNO with contracts to use EE s carrier network with over four million subscribers 85 From 2021 Virgin Mobile will enter into a contract with Vodafone UK to use their network instead 86 The contract is due to expire some time in 2026 87 Virgin Phone Edit Virgin Phone offers landline telephone services it ranks as the number two service behind the former UK state monopoly BT Group 88 On 1 April 2010 Virgin Media began to offer free home phone to mobile calls 89 Virgin Phone customers are able to call Virgin Mobile customers at no charge within the Talk Plan specified periods Virgin TV Edit Main article Virgin TV Virgin TV the digital cable television service from Virgin Media currently update ranks as the UK s second largest pay TV service having 3 6m subscribers compared to BSkyB s 8 2m as of Q3 2007 90 Currently update 55 of UK households potentially have access to Virgin s network 91 while anyone in the UK with a line of sight view of the Astra amp Eurobird satellites at 28 2 east has the ability to receive Sky s service Virgin TV ranks as the UK s largest provider of on demand content with over 3 million Video on Demand VoD customers and as of October 2011 update over 6 500 hours of programming 92 Channels Edit Virgin TV carries around 300 digital television and radio channels including a mixture of subscription premium subscription and pay per view channels Former operations EditVirgin Media Television Edit Main article Living TV Group Virgin Media Television formerly Flextech was the content subsidiary of Virgin Media and operated a number of wholly owned channels including Bravo LIVING Trouble and Challenge It launched Virgin1 on Freeview and cable on 1 October 2007 replacing Ftn on Freeview 93 On 4 June 2010 Virgin Media announced that they had reached an agreement to sell Virgin Media Television to BSkyB subject to regulatory approval 94 95 The acquisition expanded Sky s portfolio of basic pay TV channels and eliminated the carriage fees it previously paid for distributing VMtv channels on its TV services In parallel the companies reached a number of agreements providing for the carriage of certain Sky standard and high definition HD channels including securing new carriage agreements for wholesale distribution of Sky s basic channel line up including Sky 1 and Sky Arts and the newly acquired VMtv channels on Virgin Media s cable TV service On 29 June 2010 the Irish Competition Authority cleared the proposed transaction 96 BSkyB and Virgin Media announced the completion of the acquisition on 13 July 2010 following Irish regulatory approval 97 VMtv was then renamed the Living TV Group In completing the acquisition Sky paid Virgin Media an initial 105 million with up to an additional 55 million to be paid upon UK regulatory clearance On 20 July 2010 the Office of Fair Trading OFT announced they would review BSkyB s acquisition of Virgin Media Television to judge whether it posed any competition concerns in the UK 98 On 14 September 2010 the OFT decided not to refer BSkyB s takeover of Virgin Media s TV channels to the Competition Commission 99 Virgin1 was also a part of the deal but was rebranded as Channel One on 3 September 2010 as the Virgin name was not licensed to Sky 100 101 The new carriage deals were for up to nine years 102 Previously the carriage deals tended to be struck every three years Sit up Edit Main article Bid Shopping Virgin Media owned Sit up Ltd a UK based broadcaster of home shopping television channels as a joint venture from its launch in 2000 and in full from May 2005 It operated the channels Bid TV Price Drop TV and Speed Auction TV shown on digital satellite cable and terrestrial television and the internet On 1 April 2009 Virgin Media confirmed it had sold Sit up to Aurelius AG for an unspecified amount 103 Virgin Media Pioneers Edit Virgin Media Pioneers was an online community for British entrepreneurs providing tips advice and networking Founded in 2010 the company was an initiative of Virgin Media In 2011 Virgin Media Pioneers launched the Control Shift Campaign 104 which polled over 1 600 young aspiring entrepreneurs on changes the government could make to help them create new businesses The campaign resulted in the introduction of a 10 million Youth Enterprise Loan 105 UKTV Edit Main article UKTV UKTV is a digital cable and satellite television network formed through a joint venture between BBC Worldwide a commercial subsidiary of the BBC and Virgin Media It is one of the United Kingdom s largest television companies 106 UKTV s channels are available via satellite and cable in the UK and Ireland In the UK on digital terrestrial television Yesterday and Dave are available on the Freeview platform W formerly Watch is the flagship channel operated by the network it is a general entertainment channel that launched on 7 October 2008 On 15 August 2011 Virgin Media agreed to sell its 50 stake in UKTV to Scripps Networks Interactive in a deal worth 339m Scripps paid 239m in cash and about 100m to acquire the outstanding preferred stock and debt owed by UKTV to Virgin Media 107 Completion of the transaction was contingent on regulatory approvals in Ireland and Jersey which was received on 3 October 2011 108 Related to the transaction Scripps Networks Interactive and BBC Worldwide are negotiating an agreement whereby after completion BBC Worldwide would have the option via a combination of cash and a package of digital rights for UKTV to increase its shareholding from 50 to a maximum of 60 Scripps Networks Interactive s existing voting rights and board representation would be unaffected by this proposed arrangement which would be subject to BBC Executive and BBC Trust approvals Corporate affairs EditOwnership Edit Following the completion of the merger between NTL and Telewest and the acquisition of Virgin Mobile the company agreed a 30 year licensing agreement with Sir Richard Branson s Virgin Group to use the Virgin brand with a ten year opt out clause Branson accepted a mix of shares and cash making him a 10 7 shareholder of the combined company at the time 109 In July 2007 Virgin Group hedged 37 of its stake in Virgin Media for 224m through a collared loan agreement with Credit Suisse a transaction which enabled it to retain the voting and dividend rights Virgin Group had the option of buying back the 12 8m Virgin Media shares it had mortgaged after two years but in May 2009 decided against this The funds were used at the time by Virgin Group to invest in other areas of its business such as Virgin Green Fund which was launched in September 2007 Virgin America and Virgin Mobile India 110 By December 2009 Sir Richard Branson s Virgin Entertainment Investment Holdings Limited held a minority holding of 21 413 099 Virgin Media common stock 111 making him the third largest shareholder Liberty Global announced on 5 February 2013 that they had agreed to buy the company for approximately US 23 3 billion 15 billion in a stock and cash merger 32 Shareholders approved the acquisition on 4 June 34 and the deal was completed on 7 June 35 Virgin Media s UK operations are ultimately controlled by a US Delaware organisation named Virgin Media UK Group Inc 112 Interested stakeholders cannot confirm who actually owns and controls Virgin Media due to Delaware company law not requiring disclosure of controlling ownership in annual reports made to the state 113 The company named Virgin Media UK Group LLC was closed and dissolved in 2016 114 Market share Edit As of 2014 update Virgin Media has a 20 share of the broadband market equal with Sky Broadband and behind BT Total Broadband on 31 115 By 2016 its market share had dropped slightly to 19 behind BT 32 and Sky 23 Virgin Television has currently update around 3 4 million subscribers 116 3 2 million of them are digital cable customers and the other 200 000 are analogue cable customers Virgin makes up around 15 of the UK s TV distributors with Freeview having the most and Sky being second citation needed Advertising Edit Virgin Media launched in February 2007 with a public relations event and expensive advertising campaign covering major UK television channels newspapers and billboards Television advertising featured actress Uma Thurman comedian Ruby Wax and actors Samuel L Jackson Marc Warren and David Tennant Virgin Media also sponsored the Channel 4 reality TV show Big Brother in its eighth series in 2007 and its Celebrity Hijack and ninth series in 2008 In October 2010 Virgin Media airs its another campaign with a Looney Tunes character Speedy Gonzales he was also served as a mascot for the company and was plastered everywhere throughout the UK the London Underground station adverts that features him on the TV during advert breaks of The X Factor on ITV appearing in game and throughout the web In 2012 Virgin Media launched a multimillion pound ad campaign starring Usain Bolt and Virgin founder Sir Richard Branson to promote Virgin s superfast broadband service The TV adverts were directed by Seth Gordon and involved Bolt impersonating Branson 117 On 8 June 2016 Southampton F C announced that Virgin Media would become the club s shirt sponsor on a three year deal 118 Controversies EditNet neutrality Edit In April 2008 acting Virgin CEO Neil Berkett sparked controversy when he told Television a magazine published by the Royal Television Society this net neutrality thing is a load of bollocks According to the journalist he claimed that any video content provider that refused to pay Virgin Media a premium for faster access would have to get stuck in bus lanes having their content delivered to end users at much slower speeds than that of paying content providers 119 Widespread criticism of this policy was expressed on the internet with large internet communities requesting that Virgin customers end their subscriptions and initiate a mass boycott 120 According to Virgin Media the comments in the article were taken out of context and misinterpreted 121 A statement released by the company states With Virgin Media rolling out a 50Mb service later this year we are uniquely equipped to cope with the demand for new bandwidth hungry services We strongly support the principle that the internet should remain a space that is open to all and we have not called for content providers to pay for distribution However we recognise that as more customers turn to the web for content different providers will have different needs and priorities and in the long term it s legitimate to question how this demand will be managed We welcome an informed debate on this issue Crackdown on illegal filesharing of copyrighted material Edit On 2 April 2008 The Daily Telegraph reported that Virgin Media would be beginning a trial to take action against subscribers who are illegally downloading copyrighted material from internet Peer to peer P2P services Information of offenders would be provided by the British Phonographic Industry and then Virgin Media and the BPI sends a warning letter to the customer 122 123 Virgin Media and the BPI denied reports of any agreement or pilot scheme and said they were only in talks on the matter 124 However at least one person claimed to have received a letter threatening disconnection 125 Although the UK government backed plans to ban p2p users from the internet it may soon be overturned by strong condemnation from the European Parliament on the grounds of privacy issues and the importance of internet access 126 In July 2008 the BBC reported that 800 Virgin Media customers who the BPI claim are sharing copyrighted files were sent warning letters in envelopes marked If you don t read this your broadband connection could be disconnected At least one recipient of the letter denied any wrongdoing by any authorised user of his broadband connection 127 On 26 November 2009 it was revealed that Virgin Media would trial deep packet inspection technology to measure the level of illegal file sharing on its network 128 The CView system provided by Detica will look at traffic and identify the peer to peer packets It will then peer inside those packets and try to determine what is licensed and what is unlicensed based on data provided by the record industry The trial which has no scheduled end date will cover about 40 of Virgin Media s network but those involved will not be informed Virgin Media emphasised that it is seeking to measure the overall level of illegal file sharing not to keep records on individual customers Data on the level of copyright infringement will be aggregated and anonymised On 22 January 2010 the European Commission confirmed that although it had not discussed the matter with Virgin Media it would closely monitor the trial 129 Privacy International announced that it would press a criminal complaint with the Metropolitan Police because it argued that under the Privacy and Electronic Communications EC Directive Regulations PECR and the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act RIPA as well as the European ePrivacy Directive interception and processing of communications requires either explicit informed consent from all parties or a warrant On 3 May 2012 it was reported that Virgin Media had become the first ISP in the UK to implement a web filter to block access to The Pirate Bay in compliance with a UK High Court order in April 130 although there continues to be a great number of mirrors proxies or VPNs so this has proved unsuccessful 131 Charging exit fees Edit Virgin Media charges customers exit fees when they move to a location where they are unable to receive Virgin Media services Ofcom is investigating Virgin Media for this practice and was due to make a preliminary decision in April 2018 132 133 In an update in May 2018 Ofcom reported that it had reasonable grounds to believe that Virgin had contravened one of its General Conditions by setting and charging customers early termination charges ETCs which were too high requiring customers moving house to an area within Virgin s network to sign up to a new fixed term contract or pay ETCs and failing to take action to ensure that its conditions and procedures for contract termination did not act as disincentives to its customers against changing provider Ofcom also found it had reasonable grounds for believing Virgin had contravened another General Condition when it failed to publish on its website clear and up to date information about the ETCs payable when fixed term contracts are terminated 134 Data pimping Edit In early 2008 it was announced that the ISP arm of Virgin Media had entered into a contract along with BT and TalkTalk with the former spyware company Phorm responsible under their 121Media guise for the Apropos rootkit 135 136 to intercept and analyse their users click stream data and sell the anonymised aggregate information as part of Phorm s OIX advertising service 137 138 The practice which has become known as data pimping came under intense fire from various internet communities and other interested parties who believe that the interception of data is illegal under UK law RIPA 139 140 At a more fundamental level many have argued that the ISPs and Phorm have no right to sell a commodity a user s data to which they have no claim of ownership Though Phorm initially claimed Virgin Media had signed an exclusive contract and were committed to implementing Phorm s Webwise tracking system Virgin Media have since distanced themselves from this and now state that they have only signed a preliminary contract with Phorm to better understand the tracking technology and are under no obligation to implement it 141 Reports on the Guardian website in May 2008 suggested Virgin Media may be further distancing themselves from the controversial system 142 Wikipedia censorship Edit Main article Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia In December 2008 Virgin Media was one of several ISPs in the UK to attempt to censor its users access to the Wikipedia article about the 1976 album Virgin Killer by stadium rock band Scorpions 143 The album cover has generated controversy as it features the partially obscured image of a naked underage girl The Wikipedia article includes this image and its URL was blacklisted by the Internet Watch Foundation after a user complaint The blacklisting has since been rescinded Security issues Edit10 month exposure to data theft Edit In March 2020 it became known that the Virgin Media marketing database accommodating the personal details phone numbers home and email addresses of 900 000 users was left unsecured for 10 months The company admitted that a member of their staff hadn t followed the correct security procedures which resulted in the system s vulnerability It is known for sure that at least one occasion of unauthorised access took place throughout these 10 months After shutting down access a forensic investigation was launched to gauge the extent of the damage and determine whether any data had been leaked 144 See also EditVirgin Media Television Ireland a separate Liberty Global subsidiary which acquired TV channels from TV3 Group in 2015 References Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15 d for the fiscal year ended December 31 2012 Virgin Media Retrieved 8 August 2013 VirginMedia com Investors 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Interactive and Virgin Media agree on UKTV transaction Virgin Media 15 August 2011 Archived from the original on 8 November 2017 Retrieved 11 February 2013 Scripps Networks Interactive and Virgin Media Complete UKTV Transaction MarketWatch 3 October 2011 NTL confirms 1bn Virgin Mobile takeover Digital Spy 4 April 2006 Andrews Amanda 15 May 2009 Sir Richard Branson cuts his stake in Virgin Media The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Information for investors Virgin Media Retrieved 13 February 2015 Duedil com entry for Virgin Media UK Group Inc Virgin Media UK Group Inc Delaware company law Delaware company law 374 Annual Report Disclosure DueDil app duedil com Facts amp Figures Ofcom Retrieved 18 January 2015 Digital Television Update 2007 Q3 Ofcom Archived from the original on 21 April 2009 Retrieved 22 August 2010 Sweney Mark 13 January 2012 Usain Bolt mimics Richard Branson in Virgin Media superfast broadband ad The Guardian Retrieved 16 February 2012 Virgin Media become Southampton s main club sponsor Southampton F C 8 June 2016 Archived from the original on 15 August 2016 Retrieved 8 June 2016 Save the Internet Archived from the original on 20 April 2008 Iain Thomson Virgin Media faces net neutrality boycott vnunet com Archived from the original on 17 February 2009 Retrieved 22 August 2010 Williams Chris 15 April 2008 Virgin Media mops up CEO s boll cks outburst The Register Retrieved 22 August 2010 Cable News Virgin plans action on pirate subscribers Digital Spy 31 March 2008 Retrieved 22 August 2010 Garside Juliette 30 March 2008 Virgin Media takes fight to illegal downloaders The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 1 April 2008 Retrieved 27 May 2010 Cable News Virgin denies three strikes agreement Digital Spy 1 April 2008 Retrieved 22 August 2010 Will McGree Archived from the original on 3 September 2008 Blog Archive European Parliament condemns 3 strikes approach The Open Rights Group Retrieved 22 August 2010 Reed Jim 3 July 2008 Virgin defends file sharing campaign BBC News Retrieved 27 May 2010 Virgin Media to trial filesharing monitoring system The Register 26 November 2009 EU regulators to monitor Virgin Media surveillance ZDNet UK 25 January 2010 Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 29 January 2010 Virgin Media Cuts Pirate Bay Access for Millions of punters The Register 3 May 2012 Retrieved 5 May 2012 Bell Lee 3 May 2012 Virgin Media is first UK ISP to block The Pirate Bay But traffic to the web site has increased The Inquirer Archived from the original on 7 May 2012 Retrieved 14 January 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Virgin Media broadband exit fees under fire Which News 17 January 2018 Retrieved 6 February 2018 Own initiative investigation into Virgin Media concerning compliance with GC9 3 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 early termination charges Ofcom Retrieved 6 February 2018 Own initiative investigation into Virgin Media concerning compliance with GC 9 2 9 3 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 early termination charges Ofcom 22 May 2018 Archived from the original on 15 June 2018 Retrieved 15 June 2018 Apropos Description F Secure Labs www f secure com Archived from the original on 22 June 2008 F Secure Spyware Information Pages PeopleOnPage F secure com Archived from the original on 21 May 2011 Retrieved 22 August 2010 Williams Chris 25 February 2008 ISP data deal with former spyware boss triggers privacy fears Theregister co uk Retrieved 22 August 2010 Williams Chris 29 February 2008 How Phorm plans to tap your internet connection Theregister co uk Retrieved 22 August 2010 Williams Chris 4 March 2008 Data pimping surveillance expert raises illegal wiretap worries Theregister co uk Retrieved 22 August 2010 The Phorm Webwise System a Legal Analysis PDF Retrieved 22 August 2010 Williams Chris 1 May 2008 Virgin Media distances itself from Phorm adoption claims Theregister co uk Retrieved 22 August 2010 Arthur Charles 13 May 2008 File under rumour unconfirmed Virgin to shun Phorm London Blogs guardian co uk Retrieved 22 August 2010 Blog post of Virgin Media customer affected by censorship Sampablokuper com 9 December 2008 Retrieved 22 August 2010 Virgin Media data breach affects 900 000 people BBC News 5 March 2020 Retrieved 6 March 2020 External links Edit Media related to Virgin Media at Wikimedia Commons Official website Virgin Media Business Virgin Mobile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Virgin Media amp oldid 1163044603, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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