Hugh Casson

Sir Hugh Maxwell Casson CH KCVO PRA RDI (23 May 1910 – 15 August 1999) was a British architect.^[1][2] He was also active as an interior designer, as an artist, and as a writer and broadcaster on twentieth-century design. He was the director of architecture for the 1951 Festival of Britain. From 1976 to 1984, he was president of the Royal Academy.^[2]

Sir Hugh Casson
Casson in his office, early 1950s; vintage bromide print by John Gay, from the photograph collection of the National Portrait Gallery
Born	Hugh Maxwell Casson (1910-05-23)23 May 1910 Hampstead, London
Died	15 August 1999(1999-08-15) (aged 89) Chelsea, London
Spouse	Margaret Casson
Awards	Albert Medal (1984)
Elected	President of the Royal Academy, 1975

Life

Casson was born in London on 23 May 1910, spending his early years in Burma—where his father was posted with the Indian Civil Service—before being sent back to England for education.^[3] He was the nephew of actor, Sir Lewis Casson and his wife, the actress Sybil Thorndike.^[4] Casson studied at Eastbourne College in East Sussex, then St John's College, Cambridge (1929–31), after which he spent time at the Bartlett School of Architecture in London and the British School at Athens.^[5] He met his future wife, Margaret Macdonald Troup (1913-1995), an architect and designer who taught design at the Royal College of Art,^[6] while they were both students.^[3] The couple had three daughters.^[7]

Work

Before the Second World War, he divided his time between teaching at the Cambridge School of Architecture and working in the London office of his Cambridge tutor, Christopher (Kit) Nicholson. He wrote the book New Sights of London in 1938 for London Transport, championing modern architecture within reach of London, while remaining critical of the UK's record in innovative building.^[8] "He does not mince his words", commented the Architect and Building News on the cover.^{[citation needed]} During the war, he worked in the Camouflage Service of the Air Ministry.^[9]

Casson was appointed to his role as director of architecture of the Festival of Britain on the South Bank in 1948 at the age of 38,^[10] and set out to celebrate peace and modernity through the appointment of other young architects. For example, the Modernist design of the Royal Festival Hall was led by a 39-year-old, Leslie Martin. Casson's Festival achievements led to his being made a (Knight Bachelor) in 1952. The following year he designed street decorations in Westminster for the Coronation of Elizabeth II.^[11]

After the war, and alongside his Festival work, Casson went into partnership with young architect Neville Conder. Their projects included corporate headquarters buildings, university campuses, the Elephant House at London Zoo, a building for the Royal College of Art (where Casson was Professor of Interior Design from 1955 to 1975, and later served as Provost), the Microbiology Building (Belfast), and the master planning and design of the Sidgwick Avenue arts faculty buildings for the University of Cambridge, including the Austin Robinson Building which houses the Faculty of Economics as well as the Marshall Library of Economics. This latter project lasted some 30 years.

He was friends with members of the British royal family, and reportedly taught watercolour painting to Prince Charles.^[12] In 1955, he designed the interiors for the royal yacht Britannia;^[2] he also designed interiors for suites at Buckingham Palace and at Windsor Castle.^[13]

From 1953 to 1975 he was professor of environmental design at the Royal College of Art, where his wife Margaret was senior tutor.^[1][14]

In the 1980s Casson became a television presenter, with his own series, Personal Pleasures with Sir Hugh Casson, about stately homes and places he enjoyed.

Casson supplied watercolour illustrations for a new edition of Sir John Betjeman's verse autobiography Summoned by Bells (1960); The Illustrated "Summoned by Bells" was published by John Murray in 1989.^[15]

Reception

After his work for the Festival of Britain, Casson was knighted in the New Year Honours of 1952.^[9] He was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1978,^[9] and a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1985.^[16]

He was elected an associate member of the Royal Academy in 1962, and a full member in 1970. He was treasurer in 1975–1976, and president from 1976 to 1984.^[17] During the Summer Exhibition the academy awards an annual Hugh Casson Drawing Prize "for an original work on paper in any medium, where the emphasis is clearly on drawing",^[18] and a room in the Keeper's House is named after him.^[19]

From 1982 to 2017 Private Eye magazine gave the Sir Hugh Casson Award for the "Worst New Building of the Year".^[20]

An archive of his papers is held by the Victoria & Albert Museum.^[21] Photographs attributed to Casson are held in the Conway Library at The Courtauld Institute of Art, London, whose archive, of primarily architectural images, is being digitised under the wider Courtauld Connects project.^[22]

Selected publications

• Hugh Casson's Oxford, London : Phaidon, 1998, ISBN 0714838101
• Hugh Casson's Cambridge, London : Phaidon, 1992, ISBN 0714824593
• Hugh Casson's London, London : Dent, 1983, ISBN 0460045911
• The Tower of London : an artist's portrait, with additional text ("An historian's viewpoint") by Richard White, London : Herbert Press in association with HM Tower of London, 1993, ISBN 1871569451
• Sketch book : a personal choice of London buildings, drawn 1971-1974 with introduction by John Betjeman, London : Lion and Unicorn Press, 1975, ISBN 0902490206
• Diary, Hugh Casson, London : Macmillan, 1981, ISBN 0333311124
• Nanny Says, as recalled by Sir Hugh Casson and Joyce Grenfell, ed. Diana, Lady Avebury, London : Dobson, 1972, ISBN 023477715X
• Bridges, London : Chatto, 1963.
• Monuments, London : Chatto, 1963.
• Red Lacquer Days. An illustrated journal describing a recent journey to Peking, London : Lion & Unicorn Press, 1956
• An Introduction to Victorian Architecture, London : Art and Technics, 1948
• Homes by the Million. An account of the housing achievement in the U.S.A., 1940-1945, Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1946
• New Sights of London: The Handy Guide to Contemporary Architecture, London : Westminster : London Transport Publications, 1938

Casson also illustrated many books; perhaps the most famous being The Old Man of Lochnagar, HRH The Prince of Wales with illustrations by Sir Hugh Casson, London : Hamilton, 1980, ISBN 0241111455

Casson's biography was published in 2000.^[23]

References

1. Alan Powers (2004). Casson, Sir Hugh Maxwell (1910–1999). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online edition). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/72656. (subscription required).
2. Alan Powers (2003). Casson, Sir Hugh (Maxwell). Grove Art Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T014611. (subscription required).
3. "Sir Hugh Casson, architect, designer, illustrator and journalist: papers, 1867-2007" (PDF). Victoria and Albert Museum: Archive of Art and Design.
4. "Sir Hugh Casson Interviewed by Cathy Courtney" (PDF). British Library National Life Stories Leaders of National Life.
5. "Sir Hugh Casson lecturing | Works of Art | RA Collection | Royal Academy of Arts". www.royalacademy.org.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
6. Victoria and Albert Museum, Online Museum (10 September 2012). "Archives of Sir Hugh Casson and Margaret Macdonald Casson". www.vam.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
7. "Obituaries: Sir Hugh Casson". The Independent. 16 August 1999. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
8. Hugh Casson (1938). New Sights Of London. London: London Passenger Transport Board.
9. Lionel Esher. Obituaries: Sir Hugh Casson. The Independent, 17 August 1999. Accessed March 2012.
10. Sir Hugh Casson, CH KCVO PRA RDI RIBA FSIAD, architect... painter... author, 1910 – 1999. Sir Hugh Casson Ltd. Accessed March 2012.
11. "Sir Hugh Casson and the coronation". Royal Institute of British Architects.
12. P.D. (1999). Hugh Casson 1910-1999. Architectural Review. 206 (1232): 37. (subscription required).
13. Neil Bingham (2016). Hugh Casson 1910-1999 Margaret Casson 1913-1999. Architectural Review, May 2016: 83. (subscription required).
14. National Life Stories, 'Casson, Hugh (1 of 2) National Life Stories Collection: Architects' Lives', The British Library Board, 1991. Retrieved 10 April 2018
15. John Betjeman, Sir Hugh Casson (ill.) (1989) The Illustrated "Summoned by Bells". London: John Murray, ISBN 0719546966.
16. Supplement to the London Gazette 31 December 1984. The London Gazette 49969: 18. Accessed March 2012.
17. . London: Royal Academy of Arts. Archived 6 March 2021.
18. . London: Royal Academy of Arts. Archived 3 June 2015.
19. . London: Royal Academy of Arts. Archived 4 August 2021.
20. "Page 94: The Private Eye Podcast. Episode 13" (Podcast). 30 November 2015.
21. . London: Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived 17 September 2009.
22. "Who made the Conway Library?". Digital Media. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
23. Manser, José. (2000). Hugh Casson : a biography. London, England: Viking. ISBN 0-670-87115-X. OCLC 43879658.

Cultural offices
Preceded by Sir Thomas Monnington	President of the Royal Academy 1976–84	Succeeded by Roger de Grey