List of political parties in the Philippines

Not to be confused with Party-list representatives.

There are many and diverse political parties in the Philippines. Most party membership consists primarily of political figures and leaders, with little or no grassroots membership.^{[citation needed]}

Evolution of political parties.

The Philippines has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments for political expediency and convenience. Since no political parties have sustaining membership to which party leaders are developed, most of the political parties have the rise-and-fall-and-rise character.

There are three types of parties in the Philippines. These are: (a) major parties,^[1][2] which typically correspond to traditional political parties; (b) minor parties or party-list organizations, which rely on the party-list system to win Congressional seats; and (c) regional or provincial parties, which correspond to region-wide or province-wide organizations, respectively.

National parties in office

The following parties have been designated by the COMELEC as major political parties^[3]

Main major parties

Party		Abbr.	President	Chairperson	Founded	Ideology	Int'l affiliation	Status	House seats	Senate seats
	Partido Federal ng Pilipinas Federal Party of the Philippines	PFP	Reynaldo Tamayo Jr.	Bongbong Marcos	2018	Federalism	none	Administration	2 / 316	0 / 24
	Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats	Lakas–CMD	Martin Romualdez	Bong Revilla	2008 (1991)	Christian democracy^[4]^[5] Islamic democracy	CDI	Coalition	71 / 316	1 / 24
	Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan Philippine Democratic Party–People's Power	PDP–Laban	Jose Alvarez	Rodrigo Duterte	1983	Democratic socialism^[6] Social democracy^[7]^[8]^[9]	none	Coalition	39 / 316	5 / 24
	Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party	NP	Manny Villar	Cynthia Villar	1907	Conservatism^[10]^[11]	none	Coalition	38 / 316	4 / 24
	National Unity Party	NUP	Elpidio Barzaga Jr.	Ronaldo Puno	2011	Social conservatism^[12]	none	Coalition	38 / 316	0 / 24
	Nationalist People's Coalition	NPC	Giorgidi Aggabao	Tito Sotto	1992	Social conservatism	none	Coalition	33 / 316	5 / 24
	Liberal Party	LP	Edcel Lagman	Francis Pangilinan	1946	Liberalism^[13]	LI	Opposition	10 / 316	0 / 24

Other major parties

Party		Abbr.	President	Chairperson	Founded	Ideology	Int'l affiliation	Status	House seats	Senate seats
	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma Party for Democratic Reforms	PDR	Pantaleon Alvarez	Vacant	1998	Conservative liberalism	none	Opposition	2 / 316	0 / 24
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino Fight of Democratic Filipinos	LDP	Bellaflor Angara	Sonny Angara	1988	Economic liberalism	CDI	Coalition	1 / 316	1 / 24
	United Nationalist Alliance	UNA	Jejomar Binay	Nancy Binay	2012	Paternalistic conservatism	none	Coalition	1 / 316	1 / 24
	Aksyon Demokratiko Democratic Action	Aksyon	Isko Moreno	Ernesto Ramel Jr.	1997	Liberal democracy Progressivism	none	Coalition	1 / 316	0 / 24
	Akbayan Citizens' Action Party	Akbayan	Rafaela David	Gio Tingson	1998	Progressivism Social democracy	PA	Opposition	0 / 316	1 / 24

Other parties represented in Congress

Party		Abbr.	President	Chairperson	Founded	Ideology	Int'l affiliation	Status	House seats	Senate seats
	People's Reform Party	PRP	Narciso Santiago Jr.	Vacant	1991	Reformism	none	Coalition	2 / 316	0 / 24
	Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan Federalism of the Noble Blooded Association	PDDS	Greco Belgica	Eduardo Bringas	2018	Federalism	none	Coalition	1 / 316	0 / 24
	Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines	CDP	Rufus Rodriguez	Lito Monico Lorenzana	2010	Christian democracy	none	Coalition	1 / 316	0 / 24
	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino Force of the Filipino Masses	PMP	Joseph Estrada	Vacant	1991	Populism	none	Coalition	0 / 316	1 / 24

Party-lists represented in Congress

These parties won more than 2% of the vote. For the complete list, see 2022 Philippine House of Representatives election (party-list).

Party		Abbr.	Ideology/sector	House party-list seats
	Anti-Crime and Terrorism Community Involvement and Support Partylist	ACT-CIS	Counterterrorism	3 / 62
	1-Rider Partylist Union of Motorists of the Philippines	Ang Buklod ng mga Motorista ng Pilipinas	Motorists	2 / 62
	Tingog Party List Voice of the East	TPL	Regionalism	2 / 62
	4Ps Party-list	Strengthen and Grow the Filipino Livelihood	Filipino nationalism	2 / 62

Minor parties

Parties that used to have members in Congress or parties with few or no seats in government

Party		Abbr.	Leader	Ideology
	Alliance for Barangay Concerns	ABC	James Marty Lim
	Ang Kapatiran The Brotherhood or Alliance for the Common Good	KPTRAN	Reynaldo Pacheco	Christian democracy
	Bagumbayan–Volunteers for a New Philippines	BVNP	Richard Gordon	Voluntarism
	Bangon Pilipinas Rise Up Philippines	BP	Eddie Villanueva	Christian left
	Bigkis Pinoy Movement Bind Filipinos Movement	BIGKIS	Amando Ocampo
	Democratic Party of the Philippines	DPP	Baldomero Falcone	Popular democracy
	Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino Society/Association of Democratic Filipinos	KDP	Ramon A. Pedrosa	Neo-nationalism
	Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Society of Brown Consciousness	KTPNAN	Faisal Mangondato	Federalism
	Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino Society of the United Filipinos	KANP	Kerby Javier Salazar	Liberalism Youth empowerment
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan New society Movement	KBL	Efren Rafanan Sr.	Conservatism
	Laban para sa Kapayapaan, Katarungan at Kaunlaran Struggle for Peace, Progress and Justice	KKK	Rafaelito Garayblas
	Ladlad Coming Out	LADLAD	Danton Remoto	LGBT interests
	Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas Philippine Democratic Socialist Party	PDSP	Norberto Gonzales	Democratic socialism Social democracy Grassroots democracy
	Partido Lakas ng Masa Party of the Laboring Masses	PLM	Leody de Guzman	Socialism
	Labor Party Philippines	WPP	Melchor Chavez	Laboriousm
	Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago Filipinos for Change Party	PPP	Leonardo Fernandez	Federalism
	Philippine Green Republican Party	PGRP	Felix Cantal	Green politics
	Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives	PROMDI	Mariano Osmeña	Devolution Energy independence
	Reform PH - People's Party	RP	James Layug	Reformism Economic Liberalism
	Sanlakas	SANLAKAS	Max Abalos	Progressivism

Local parties

Name	Abbr.	Location	Leader	Notes
Luzon
Makatizens United Party	MKTZNU	Makati	Abby Binay	affiliated with United Nationalist Alliance
Move Makati		Makati	Romulo de Guzman
Malay Democrats of the Philippines	MDP	Metro Manila	Bayan Dela Cruz	affiliated with National Economic Protectionism Association
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran	KABAKA	Manila's 5th and 6th congressional districts	Amado Bagatsing
Philippine Christian Nationalist Party	PCNP	Quezon City	Andres Genito
Serbisyo sa Bayan Party	SBP	Quezon City	Joy Belmonte	formerly affiliated with Hugpong ng Pagbabago
Retailers Party		Manila's 3rd congressional district	Estelito Mendoza
Liping Kalookan		Caloocan	Macario Asistio	formerly Grand Kalookan Coalition
Katipunan ng Bagong Caloocan	KABACA	Caloocan	Gwendolyn Emnace	affiliated with Aksyon Demokratiko
Kasangga ng Bayan, Tao, Kalikasan at Kaunlaran	KABATAK	Parañaque	Joey Marquez
Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig	KDT	Taguig	Dante Tinga	affiliated with Liberal Party and National Unity Party
Caloocan Team for Action and Progress	CATAPAT	Caloocan	Bonifacio Alis
Partido Tapat		Taguig and Pateros	Edmundo de Borja	also known as Taguig-Pateros Action Team
Partido Navoteño	NVTEÑO	Navotas	Toby Tiangco	affiliated with Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and United Nationalist Alliance
Reform Caloocan Party		Caloocan	Russel Ramirez
United Citizens of Caloocan Party	UCCP	Caloocan	Nilo Divina
Partido Magdiwang		San Juan	Joseph Victor Ejercito	affiliated with Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Lingkod ng Mamamayan ng Valenzuela City	LINKOD	Valenzuela	Magi Gunigundo
Kambilan Party		Pampanga	Dennis G. Pineda	affiliated with Lakas–CMD and PDP–Laban
Lingkod Bayan-Sulong Taguig Coalition	LINGKOD TAGUIG	Taguig	Angelito Reyes
Asenso Manileño	AMM	Manila	Isko Moreno	affiliated with Aksyon Demokratiko
Kapayapaan, Kaunlaran at Katarungan	KKK	Manila	Christy Lim-Raymundo	affiliated with Akbayan
Movement for Economic Transformation & Righteous Opportunities	METRO	Metro Manila	Rodolfo John O. Teope
Samahang Kaagapay ng Agilang Pilipino	AGILA	Pasig City and Parañaque	Josef Maganduga
Bileg Ti La Union		La Union	Joaquin Ortega
Bileg Ti Ilocano	BILEG	Ilocos Sur	Luis Singson
Biskeg na Pangasinan Party	BISKEG	Pangasinan	Oscar Lambino	affiliated with Lakas-CMD
Democratic Tabula Tua		Cagayan	Delfin Telan Ting	affiliated with Lakas-CMD
Buklod Capampangan		Pampanga and Angeles City	Estelito Mendoza
Lapiang Bagong Lakas ng Nueva Ecija	BALANE	Nueva Ecija	Tomas Joson	affiliated with Nationalist People's Coalition and PDP–Laban
Lingap Lugud Capampangan Party		Pampanga	Lito Lapid	affiliated with Lakas-CMD
Pinag-isang Lakas Tungo sa Pagbabago	PINATUBO	Zambales and Olongapo	Philip Camara
Sama Sama Tarlac		Tarlac	Candido Guiam
Democratic Alliance	DA	Central Luzon	Romeo Taruc
Partido del Pilar		Bulacan	Manuel G. Roxas	affiliated with Liberal Party
Nagkakaisang Partido ng mga Kapampangan		Pampanga	Zenaida Ducut
Unang Sigaw-Partido ng Pagbabago	USPP	Nueva Ecija	Aurelio Umali
Kalapian ng mga Kaibigan ng Kaunlaran-Bayan ng Hagonoy	LAPIANG K	Hagonoy, Bulacan	Angel Cruz, Jr.
Kapanalig at Kambilan Ning Memalen Pampanga	KAMBILAN	Pampanga	Rosve Henson
Partido Malolenyo	PM	Malolos, Bulacan	Carolina Mangawang
Sulong Zambales Party	SZP	Zambales	Hermogenes Ebdane (chairman) Jun Omar Ebdane (President)	affiliated with Labor Party Philippines
Partido ABE Kapampangan	PAK, ABE	Angeles City, Pampanga	Edgardo Pamintuan (chairman) Alex Cauguiran (president)	Founded March 28, 2012. ^[14]
Partido Balikatan ng Bataan	BALIKATAN	Bataan	Enrique Garcia, Jr.
Partido Magdalo		Cavite	Jonvic Remulla	affiliated with Nacionalista Party, United Nationalist Alliance, Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Forward with Vitality for Reforms-Sigaw ng Kabite	FVR-Sigaw	Cavite	Franco Loyola
Quezon Nationalist Democratic Party	QNDP	Quezon and Lucena	Bienvenido Marquez, Jr.
Pangkat Laguna		Laguna	Marito Mendoza
Partido Dimasalang		Laguna	Teresita Lazaro	affiliated with Lakas-CMD
Partido Batangueño		Batangas	Franklin Tabaquin, Jr.
Partido ng Masang Batangueno	PMB	Batangas	Nicanor Briones
Union of Nationalist Democratic Filipino Organization	UNIDO	Region 4A	Jose Laurel IV
One Batangas Movement	One Batangas	Batangas	Vilma Santos-Recto	affiliated with Nacionalista Party
Partido Bagong San Pablo		San Pablo, Laguna	Arsenio Escuderro, Jr.
People's Alliance Development of Romblon	PADER	Romblon	Natalio Beltran, Jr.
Partido Pagbabago ng Palawan	PPP	Palawan	Jose Alvarez	affiliated with Hugpong ng Pagbabago
Sulong Palawan Party	SPP	Palawan and Puerto Princesa	Vincent Dennis Socrates
Mindoro Sandugo Para sa Kaunlaran	SANDUGO	Oriental Mindoro	Agustin Cusi
Bicol Saro		Bicol Region	Ma. Corazon Imperial
Catanduanes Alliance for Reform and Democracy	CARD	Catanduanes	Dexter Francisco
Alliance of Bicolnon Party	ABP-BICOLNON	Bicol Region	Enrique Olonan
Ako Bicol Political Party	AKB	Bicol Region	Elizalde Co
Visayas
Panaghiusa	PANAGHIUSA	Cebu and Cebu City	Jose Daluz III
Paglaum Party		Negros Occidental	Alfredo Montelibano, Jr.	affiliated with Nacionalista Party
Kusog Han Eastern Samar		Eastern Samar	Jaime Opinion
People's Progressive Alliance for Peace and Good Government Towards Alleviation of Poverty and Social Advancement	Partido PAGASA	Western Visayas	Rene Juaneza
Pusyon Pilipino		Central Visayas	Casimiro Madarang, Jr.
Abante Anak Bisaya		Central Visayas	Geraldo Carillo
United Negros Alliance	UNA	Negros Occidental	Alfredo Marañon, Jr.	formerly affiliated with Nationalist People's Coalition & Liberal Party, now with PDP-Laban
Barug Alang sa Kauswagan ug Demokrasya	BAKUD	Cebu's 5th congressional district	Ramon Durano III	affiliated with Nationalist People's Coalition
Alayon Alang sa Kalambu-an ng Kalinaw	ALAYON	Central Visayas	Eduardo Gullas
Katig-buan Nortehanon		Northern Samar	Emil Ong
Partido Pundok Biliranon		Biliran	Danilo Parilla
Aton Tamdon Utod Negros-anon	ATUN	Negros Occidental	Rafael Coscolluela
Kugi Uswag Sugbo	KUSUG	Cebu City	Raymond Alvin Garcia
Ugyon		Visayas	Franklin Drilon	affiliated with Liberal Party
Timawa		Iloilo City	Rona Anape-Ganzon	affiliated with United Nationalist Alliance
United Guardians Party	UGP	Western Visayas and Central Visayas	Clodualdo P. Dedicatoria
Economic Development and Social Advancement	EDSA	Central Visayas	Melchor Cubillo
Democracy of the Independent Liberal Conservative Party	DILC	Liloan, Cebu	Vincent Frasco
Ugyon Kita Capiz	UK CAPIZ	Capiz	Frenedil Castro	affiliated with United Nationalist Alliance
One Cebu	1-CEBU	Cebu	Gwendolyn Garcia	affiliated with PDP-Laban
Bando Osmeña - Pundok Kauswagan	BOPK	Cebu City	Tomas Osmeña	affiliated with Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Partido Barug	BARUG	Cebu City	Michael Rama	affiliated with PDP–Laban
Mindanao
Hugpong ng Pagbabago	HNP	Davao Region	Sara Duterte	affiliates with Lakas-CMD, PMP, PRP, Nacionalista Party, NUP, LDP, PDP-Laban, & Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod	Hugpong	Davao City	Paolo Duterte	affiliates with PDP-Laban
Christian Muslim Independent Party	CMIP	Zamboanga del Norte	Tiburcio Pasquil
Aggrupation of Parties for Prosperity	APP	Zamboanga del Norte	Seth Frederick Jalosjos	affiliated with Hugpong ng Pagbabago
Sarangani Reconciliation and Reformation Organization	SARRO	Sarangani	Estelito Mendoza	affiliated with Lakas-CMD
Islamic Party of the Philippines	IPP	Mindanao	Ebrahim Abdurrahman
Ompia Party	OMPIA	Mindanao	Mahid Mutilan
Democratic Alliance of Mindanaoans for Good Government	DAMAGO	Davao Region and Soccsksargen	Fernando Toquillo
Muslim Reform Party	MRP	Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur	Kamar Mindalano
Ummah Party		Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur and Iligan	Geraldo Carillo
Compostela Valley Rainbow Alliance	CORAL	Davao de Oro	Rogelio Sarmiento
Cotabato United People's Movement		Cotabato	Emmanuel Piñol
Lanao People's Party		Lanao del Sur	Casan Macabanding
Siap Party		Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao	Aleem Abdul Matabalo Amerol
Padajon Surigao	PS	Surigao del Norte	Francisco Matugas	affiliated with Lakas-CMD
People's Champ Movement	PCM	General Santos and Sarangani	Manny Pacquiao	affiliated with PDP-Laban & PROMDI
Citizens Call for Action Party of Zamboanga City	CCA	Zamboanga City	Susan de los Reyes
Adelante Zamboanga Party	AZAP	Zamboanga City	Jose Lobregat
Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido ng Tinig ng Masa	AKMA-PTM	Soccsksargen	Ali Sangki
Achievers with Integrity Movement	AIM	South Cotabato	Adelbert Antonino
Padayon Pilipino	PADAYN	Cagayan de Oro	Vicene Emano	affiliated with Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Partido Prosperidad y Amor Para na Zamboanga	PAZ	Zamboanga City	Beng Climaco	affiliated with Liberal Party
People's Consultative (Mushawara) Party		Bangsamoro, Lanao del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur	Basher Caluato Edris
Bukidnon Paglaum	BPP	Bukidnon	Jose Maria Zubiri Jr.
United Bangsamoro Justice Party	UBJP	Bangsamoro	Murad Ibrahim

Not registered with the government

These are national parties that are not registered with the Commission on Elections:

Party	Abbr.	Leader	Ideology
LGBTQIA+Health	LGBTQIA+H	Vincent Fabella	LGBTQIA+ Health Rights Maslowism
Green Party of the Philippines	GPP-KALIKASAN MUNA	David D. D'Angelo	Green politics
MAKAKALIKASAN Nature Party Philippines	MAKAKALIKASAN	Orlando Ravanera	Deep Communitarian Ecologism
Philippine Libertarian Party	PHILIPA	Julius Apud (interim chairman)	Right-libertarianism
Koalisyong Katoliko Kristiyano	KKK	Rizalito David	Christian democracy
Communist Party of the Philippines	CPP	Armando Liwanag	Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 Philippine Communist Party	PKP-1930	Antonio Paris	Marxism–Leninism
Marxista-Leninistang Partido ng Pilipinas Marxist–Leninist Party of the Philippines	MLPP	Caridad Magpantay	Marxism–Leninism
Partido ng Manggagawang Pilipino – Pinagsanib Filipino Workers Party	PMP-Pinagsanib	Patricio Ramirez	Syndicalism
Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagagawa – Pilipinas Revolutionary Workers' Party of the Philippines	RPM-P	Arturo Tabara Nilo dela Cruz	Marxism–Leninism
Nationalist People's Party	NPP	Agapito Dionisio (alias)	Tridemism, Anti-communism, Chiangism

Historical parties/coalitions

Parties

• Allied Party
• Alyansa ng Pag-Asa
• Bawat Isa Mahalaga
• Citizens' Party
• Democrata Party
• Democratic Alliance
• Democratic Party
• Federalista Party
• Ganap Party
• Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino
• KALIBAPI
• Koalisyong Pambansa
• Labor Party
• Lakas ng Bayan
• Lakas–CMD (1991)
• Lapiang Malaya
• Modernist Party
• Movement for Truth, Order and Righteousness
• National Socialist Party
• Nationalist Citizens' Party
• New Leaf Party
• Partido Bansang Marangal
• Partido Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
• Partido ng Bansa
• People's Progressive Democratic Party
• Philippine Falange
• Philippine Pro-Socialist Party
• Popular Front
• Progresista Party
• Progressive Party
• Reformist Party of the Philippines
• Republican Party
• Sakdal Party
• Social Democratic Party
• Social Justice Society
• Sovereign Citizen Party
• United Opposition

Major coalitions

Election year	Administration	Opposition
Ferdinand Marcos (KBL) was the incumbent.
1986	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL)	United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO)
Marcos was declared winner but was overthrown at the People Power Revolution days later. His supporters were forced into opposition.
1987	United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO)	Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD)
In 1992, UNIDO broke up and the Marcos loyalists coalesced with the other parties. Fidel V. Ramos (Lakas–NUCD) won the presidential election and his supporters became the administration coalition
1995	Lakas-Laban Coalition	Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC)
1998	Lakas-NUCD-UMDP	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP)
In 2001, Joseph Estrada was overthrown at the 2001 EDSA Revolution; his supporters were forced into opposition.
2001	People Power Coalition (PPC)	Puwersa ng Masa (PnM)
2004	Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (K-4)	Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP)
2007	TEAM Unity	Genuine Opposition (GO)
In 2010, the anti-Arroyo forces were split into different parties: Aquino defeated Estrada and eight others to lead the government under the Liberal Party.
2010	Liberal Party (LP)	Lakas Kampi CMD Nacionalista Party (NP) Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP)
In 2013, the main opposition party Lakas–CMD (formerly Lakas Kampi CMD) weakened following the arrest of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Thus, the Estrada-Binay group established the United Nationalist Alliance as the main opposition alliance.
2013	Team PNoy	United Nationalist Alliance (UNA)
In 2016, the incumbent's Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid was defeated and became the opposition as Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban) won the presidential election, establishing the Coalition for Change as the administration coalition.
2016	Coalition for Change	United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) Partido ng Galing at Puso (PGP) Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid (KDM)
2019	Hugpong ng Pagbabago	Otso Diretso
In 2022, the incumbent's coalition was split into two, the Tuloy ang Pagbabago and MP3 Alliance, with the latter becoming part of the opposition. Hugpong was superseded by the UniTeam Alliance of Bongbong Marcos (PFP) who won the presidential election.
2022	UniTeam Alliance Tuloy ang Pagbabago	Team Robredo–Pangilinan (TRoPa) MP3 Alliance (MP3) Aksyon Laban ng Masa (LnM)

See also

• Politics of the Philippines
• List of political parties by country

References

1. . Sunstar Manila. May 7, 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
2. . Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
3. Fernandez, Daniza (April 28, 2022). "10 major political parties to get access to Comelec transparency server". inquirer.net.
4. abs-cbnNEWS.com/Newsbreak, by Carmela Fonbuena. "JDV quits Lakas, won't join Lakas-Kampi". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
5. "Major party-list groups join Lakas | Philstar.com". philstar.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
6. "Philippines with Chinese characteristics? – The Manila Times Online". www.manilatimes.net. May 14, 2018. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
7. Raul P. De Guzman, Mila A. Reforma, ed. (1988). Government and Politics of the Philippines. Oxford University Press. p. 101.
8. Robert Dayley, ed. (2019). Southeast Asia in the New International Era. Routledge. the Philippine Democrat Party—People's Power (PDP-Laban), the current ruling party which claims social democracy as its ideology and advocates for federalism.
9. Jeffrey M. Riedinger, ed. (2020). Agrarian Reform in the Philippines: Democratic Transitions and Redistributive Reform. Stanford University Press. p. 28. Organized in February 1982, the Pilipino Democratic Party ( PDP ) was the principal political vehicle for social democrats in the later years of the Marcos regime.
10. Bertrand, J. (2013). Political Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
11. Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.
12. "Who to Vote For? Get to Know the Political Parties in the Philippines".
13. "Values Charter – Liberal Party of the Philippines". Liberal Party of the Philippines. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
14. COMELEC OKs Partido ABE Kapampangan Archived December 3, 2012, at archive.today