The 1992 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on May 11, 1992.[1] This was the first general election held under the 1987 Constitution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors.
The new constitution limited the president to a single six-year term with no possibility of reelection, even if nonsuccessive.[2] Although some of PresidentCorazon Aquino's advisers suggested that she could run for a second term,[3] as she was sworn in before the 1987 Constitution took effect, Aquino did not run again.[4]
Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days but then was overtaken by Ramos in a few days. Santiago cried fraud and filed an electoral protest citing power outages as evidence.[7] Various media personnel became witnesses to the fraud made in the election, where the phrase, 'Miriam won in the election, but lost in the counting' became popular.[8] However, her protest was eventually dismissed by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.[7]
The 1992 election was the second time both president and vice president came from different parties.[9] Movie actor and SenatorJoseph Estrada, running with presidential candidate Eduardo Cojuanco, won a six-year term as vice-president.[10]
Under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, 24 senators were elected in this election. The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have six-year terms while the next 12 senators would have three-year terms.[11] Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) received a large share in the Senate race.[12] Television personality and Quezon City vice mayor Vicente Sotto III (also known as Tito Sotto) received the highest number of votes.[13]
On March 15, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) began its series of six presidential and vice-presidential debates held over the next six Sundays,[16] with the first debate held among presidential candidates Fidel V. Ramos, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, and Jovito Salonga, moderated by Dong Puno and broadcast live on GMA Network.[17] Estrada, then a presidential candidate, was scheduled to participate in the debate but had to withdraw due to a prior commitment.[18]
The second COMELEC-sponsored presidential debate was held on March 22 among Laurel, Mitra, and Eduardo Cojuangco Jr., moderated by Puno and broadcast live on RPN.[19] The debate was also broadcast live on radio through the government-owned Radyo ng Bayan, but was interrupted 45 minutes into the debate when the station switched instead to a broadcast of a Lakas-NUCD rally in Dumaguete City led by President Aquino.[20]
^"Phl presidential elections and the stock market". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^"The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippine – Article VII". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^Jurado, Emil P. (25 July 1988). "Realignment of forces". Manila Standard. Retrieved November 8, 2018 – via Google News Archive.
^Shenon, Philip. "Aquino Endorses Ex-Army Chief in Vote". Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^"Ramos Is Declared New President 6 Weeks After Philippine Election". Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^Singh, Daljit; Salazar, Lorraine Carlos (2006). Southeast Asian Affairs 2006. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 227. ISBN9789812303738. closest margin win 2004 election philippines.
^ abServando, Kristine F. "Miriam: I was cheated, but didn't call for people power". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^Wolfgang, Sachsenroeder (2018-05-30). Power Broking In The Shade: Party Finances And Money Politics In Southeast Asia. World Scientific. ISBN9789813230750.
^"Single ticket: How about voting for president and VP together?". Rappler. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^"Term of Office of Senators". senate.gov.ph. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^Banks, Arthur S.; Day, Alan J.; Muller, Thomas C. (February 1, 2016). Political Handbook of the World 1998. Springer. ISBN9781349149513.
^"Senators Profile - Vicente C. Sotto III". www.senate.gov.ph. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
^ abMaragay, Fel V. (March 9, 1992). "Laurel, Mitra trade barbs in TV debate". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^"Give and take". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 9, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^"COMELEC Presidential/Vice Presidential Debates". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 15, 1992. p. 11. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^Maragay, Fel V. (March 16, 1992). "Enlightening, but ho hum". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 3. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^Jurado, Emil P. V. (March 16, 1992). "The temporary insanity of senatorial candidates". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 10. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^Maragay, Fel V. (March 23, 1992). "Laurel loses points in the debate". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 2. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^"An interrupted debate". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 23, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^"Mismatch". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 30, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^"COMELEC Presidential/Vice Presidential Debates". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 29, 1992. p. 7. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
^Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos. Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
^Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos. Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
External links
Official website of the Commission on Elections
Official website of the House of Representatives 2020-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
Fontaine, Roger W. (1992). "The Philippines: After Aquino". Asian Affairs: An American Review. 19 (3): 170–190. doi:10.1080/00927678.1992.9936959.
Landé, Carl Herman (1996). Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN9789813055209.
January 26, 2023
1992, philippine, presidential, election, 1992, philippine, presidential, vice, presidential, elections, were, held, 1992, this, first, general, election, held, under, 1987, constitution, estimated, candidates, posts, from, presidency, down, municipal, council. The 1992 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on May 11 1992 1 This was the first general election held under the 1987 Constitution An estimated 80 000 candidates ran for 17 000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors 1992 Philippine presidential election 1986 May 11 1992 1998 Turnout75 5 3 3 Nominee Fidel V Ramos Miriam Defensor Santiago Danding CojuangcoParty Lakas PRP NPCRunning mate Lito Osmena Ramon Magsaysay Jr Joseph EstradaPopular vote 5 342 521 4 468 173 4 116 376Percentage 23 58 19 72 18 17 Nominee Ramon Mitra Jr Imelda Marcos Jovito SalongaParty LDP KBL LiberalRunning mate Marcelo Fernan Vicente Magsaysay Aquilino Pimentel Jr Popular vote 3 316 661 2 338 294 2 302 123Percentage 14 64 10 32 10 16 Nominee Salvador LaurelParty NacionalistaRunning mate Eva Estrada KalawPopular vote 770 046Percentage 3 40 Election results per province city President before electionCorazon AquinoPDP Laban Elected President Fidel V RamosLakas1992 Philippine vice presidential election 1986 May 11 1992 1998 Candidate Joseph Estrada Marcelo Fernan Lito OsmenaParty NPC LDP LakasPopular vote 6 739 738 4 438 494 3 362 467Percentage 33 01 21 74 16 47 Candidate Ramon Magsaysay Jr Aquilino Pimentel Jr Vicente MagsaysayParty PRP PDP Laban KBLPopular vote 2 900 556 2 023 289 699 895Percentage 14 20 9 91 3 43 Election results per province city Vice President before electionSalvador LaurelNacionalista Elected Vice President Joseph EstradaNPCThe new constitution limited the president to a single six year term with no possibility of reelection even if nonsuccessive 2 Although some of President Corazon Aquino s advisers suggested that she could run for a second term 3 as she was sworn in before the 1987 Constitution took effect Aquino did not run again 4 In the presidential election retired general Fidel Ramos of Lakas NUCD narrowly defeated populist candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago of the People s Reform Party 5 Ramos also got the lowest plurality in the Philippine electoral history and beat the previous election for the closest margin of victory percentage wise this record would later be beaten by the 2004 election 6 Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days but then was overtaken by Ramos in a few days Santiago cried fraud and filed an electoral protest citing power outages as evidence 7 Various media personnel became witnesses to the fraud made in the election where the phrase Miriam won in the election but lost in the counting became popular 8 However her protest was eventually dismissed by the Supreme Court of the Philippines 7 The 1992 election was the second time both president and vice president came from different parties 9 Movie actor and Senator Joseph Estrada running with presidential candidate Eduardo Cojuanco won a six year term as vice president 10 Under the transitory provisions of the Constitution 24 senators were elected in this election The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have six year terms while the next 12 senators would have three year terms 11 Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino LDP received a large share in the Senate race 12 Television personality and Quezon City vice mayor Vicente Sotto III also known as Tito Sotto received the highest number of votes 13 Contents 1 Candidates 2 Debates 3 Results 3 1 For President 3 1 1 Breakdown 3 2 For Vice President 4 See also 5 References 6 External links 7 Further readingCandidates EditPresidential candidate Party Vice presidential candidate PartyFormer Governor of Tarlac Danding Cojuangco Nationalist People s Coalition Senator Joseph Estrada Nationalist People s CoalitionFormer Bureau of Immigration Commissioner Miriam Defensor Santiago People s Reform Party Former Representative from Zambales Ramon Magsaysay Jr People s Reform PartyVice President Salvador Laurel Nacionalista Party Former Mambabatas Pambansa from Manila Eva Estrada Kalaw Nacionalista PartyFormer First Lady Imelda Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Former Governor of Zambales Vicente Magsaysay Kilusang Bagong LipunanSpeaker Ramon Mitra Jr Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino Former Chief Justice Marcelo Fernan Laban ng Demokratikong PilipinoFormer Secretary of Defense Fidel V Ramos Lakas NUCD UMDP Governor of Cebu Lito Osmena Lakas NUCD UMDPSenator Jovito Salonga Liberal Party Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr Partido Demokratiko Pilipino Lakas ng BayanDebates EditA debate was held between presidential candidates Salvador Laurel and Ramon Mitra Jr on the ABS CBN television program Magandang Gabi Bayan on March 7 1992 14 It was considered an especially heated debate between the two candidates with the Manila Standard noting the barbs insults and witticisms exchanged during the program 14 15 On March 15 the Commission on Elections COMELEC began its series of six presidential and vice presidential debates held over the next six Sundays 16 with the first debate held among presidential candidates Fidel V Ramos Miriam Defensor Santiago and Jovito Salonga moderated by Dong Puno and broadcast live on GMA Network 17 Estrada then a presidential candidate was scheduled to participate in the debate but had to withdraw due to a prior commitment 18 The second COMELEC sponsored presidential debate was held on March 22 among Laurel Mitra and Eduardo Cojuangco Jr moderated by Puno and broadcast live on RPN 19 The debate was also broadcast live on radio through the government owned Radyo ng Bayan but was interrupted 45 minutes into the debate when the station switched instead to a broadcast of a Lakas NUCD rally in Dumaguete City led by President Aquino 20 The first vice presidential debate as set by COMELEC was held on March 29 among Marcelo Fernan Ramon Magsaysay Jr and Vicente Magsaysay 21 moderated by Mario C Garcia and broadcast live on the government owned PTV 22 Results EditMain article Congressional canvass for the Philippine presidential election 1992 For President Edit CandidatePartyVotes Fidel V RamosLakas NUCD5 342 52123 58Miriam Defensor SantiagoPeople s Reform Party4 468 17319 72Danding CojuangcoNationalist People s Coalition4 116 37618 17Ramon Mitra Jr Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino3 316 66114 64Imelda MarcosKilusang Bagong Lipunan2 338 29410 32Jovito SalongaLiberal Party2 302 12410 16Salvador LaurelNacionalista Party770 0463 40Total22 654 195100 00Valid votes22 654 19593 40Invalid blank votes1 600 7596 60Total votes24 254 954100 00Registered voters turnout32 141 07975 46Source Nohlen Grotz Hartmann Hasall and Santos 23 Popular voteRamos 23 58 Defensor Santiago 19 72 Cojuangco 18 17 Mitra 14 64 Marcos 10 32 Salonga 10 16 Laurel 3 40 Breakdown Edit Region Ramos Santiago Cojuangco Mitra Marcos Salonga LaurelVotes Votes Votes Votes Votes Votes Votes Ilocos Region 526 653 36 84 74 084 5 18 376 465 26 33 67 009 4 69 355 550 24 87 22 960 1 61 7 006 0 49Cordillera Administrative Region 76 643 18 10 66 348 15 67 89 441 21 12 76 224 18 00 65 969 15 58 45 133 10 66 3 702 0 87Cagayan Valley 110 237 13 20 46 378 5 55 282 798 33 87 91 970 11 01 241 125 28 88 56 447 6 76 6 083 0 73Central Luzon 692 515 27 57 519 769 20 69 754 737 30 05 216 944 8 64 135 022 5 38 178 896 7 12 13 951 0 56National Capital Region 679 171 20 54 990 288 29 94 572 301 17 30 193 398 5 85 379 846 11 48 438 048 13 24 54 273 1 64Southern Tagalog 442 563 13 93 579 563 18 24 517 724 16 30 538 869 16 96 173 389 5 46 344 803 10 85 483 262 15 21Bicol Region 285 370 21 49 177 202 13 35 227 718 17 15 287 970 21 69 21 336 1 61 273 478 20 60 52 275 3 52Western Visayas 326 701 16 04 1 240 002 60 88 253 649 12 45 134 834 6 62 20 130 0 99 50 954 2 50 10 581 0 52Central Visayas 618 520 35 25 168 240 9 59 244 732 13 95 545 245 31 07 54 063 3 08 88 068 5 02 35 841 2 04Eastern Visayas 254 258 22 91 49 021 4 42 87 285 7 86 192 090 17 31 346 121 31 18 173 478 15 63 7 735 0 70Western Mindanao 225 268 30 18 114 861 15 39 145 368 19 48 150 098 20 11 31 125 4 17 65 781 8 81 13 799 1 85Northern Mindanao 351 575 27 71 86 290 6 80 169 334 13 35 233 657 18 42 180 130 14 20 228 109 17 98 19 680 1 55Southern Mindanao 363 059 23 51 192 283 12 45 223 966 14 50 272 978 17 68 231 106 14 97 233 169 15 10 27 512 1 78Central Mindanao 119 335 20 99 124 506 21 90 74 134 13 04 91 188 16 04 84 547 14 87 82 291 11 65 10 205 1 79ARMM 152 118 25 31 38 197 6 36 109 470 18 22 224 015 37 28 17 754 2 95 38 009 6 32 21 372 3 56Absentee voters 1 819 23 19 1 141 14 55 3 201 40 81 172 219 1 051 13 40 155 1 98 304 3 88Total 5 342 521 23 58 4 468 173 19 72 4 116 376 18 17 3 316 661 14 64 2 338 294 10 32 2 302 124 10 16 770 046 3 40For Vice President Edit CandidatePartyVotes Joseph EstradaNationalist People s Coalition6 739 73833 01Marcelo FernanLaban ng Demokratikong Pilipino4 438 49421 74Lito OsmenaLakas NUCD3 362 46716 47Ramon Magsaysay Jr People s Reform Party2 900 55614 20Aquilino Pimentel Jr a PDP Laban2 023 2899 91Vicente MagsaysayKilusang Bagong Lipunan699 8953 43Eva Estrada KalawNacionalista Party255 7301 25Total20 420 169100 00Valid votes20 420 16984 19Invalid blank votes3 834 78515 81Total votes24 254 954100 00Registered voters turnout32 141 07975 46Source Nohlen Grotz Hartmann Hasall and Santos 24 Running mate of Jovito Salonga Liberal Party Popular voteEstrada 33 00 Fernan 21 74 Osmena 16 47 R Magsaysay Jr 14 20 Pimentel 9 91 Others 4 68 See also EditCommission on Elections Politics of the Philippines Philippine elections President of the Philippines 9th Congress of the Philippines 1992 Philippine general electionReferences Edit Phl presidential elections and the stock market The Philippine Star Retrieved November 8 2018 The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippine Article VII Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines Retrieved November 8 2018 Jurado Emil P 25 July 1988 Realignment of forces Manila Standard Retrieved November 8 2018 via Google News Archive Shenon Philip Aquino Endorses Ex Army Chief in Vote Retrieved November 8 2018 Ramos Is Declared New President 6 Weeks After Philippine Election Retrieved November 8 2018 Singh Daljit Salazar Lorraine Carlos 2006 Southeast Asian Affairs 2006 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies p 227 ISBN 9789812303738 closest margin win 2004 election philippines a b Servando Kristine F Miriam I was cheated but didn t call for people power ABS CBN News Retrieved November 8 2018 Wolfgang Sachsenroeder 2018 05 30 Power Broking In The Shade Party Finances And Money Politics In Southeast Asia World Scientific ISBN 9789813230750 Single ticket How about voting for president and VP together Rappler Retrieved November 8 2018 Erap presidency redux The Philippine Star Retrieved November 8 2018 Term of Office of Senators senate gov ph Retrieved November 8 2018 Banks Arthur S Day Alan J Muller Thomas C February 1 2016 Political Handbook of the World 1998 Springer ISBN 9781349149513 Senators Profile Vicente C Sotto III www senate gov ph Retrieved November 8 2018 a b Maragay Fel V March 9 1992 Laurel Mitra trade barbs in TV debate Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc p 5 Retrieved April 22 2021 Give and take Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc March 9 1992 p 8 Retrieved April 22 2021 COMELEC Presidential Vice Presidential Debates Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc March 15 1992 p 11 Retrieved April 22 2021 Maragay Fel V March 16 1992 Enlightening but ho hum Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc p 3 Retrieved April 22 2021 Jurado Emil P V March 16 1992 The temporary insanity of senatorial candidates Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc p 10 Retrieved April 22 2021 Maragay Fel V March 23 1992 Laurel loses points in the debate Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc p 2 Retrieved April 22 2021 An interrupted debate Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc March 23 1992 p 8 Retrieved April 22 2021 Mismatch Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc March 30 1992 p 8 Retrieved April 22 2021 COMELEC Presidential Vice Presidential Debates Manila Standard Kagitingan Publications Inc March 29 1992 p 7 Retrieved April 22 2021 Dieter Nohlen Florian Grotz Christof Hartmann Graham Hassall Soliman M Santos Elections in Asia and the Pacific A Data Handbook Volume II South East Asia East Asia and the South Pacific Dieter Nohlen Florian Grotz Christof Hartmann Graham Hassall Soliman M Santos Elections in Asia and the Pacific A Data Handbook Volume II South East Asia East Asia and the South Pacific External links EditThe Philippine Presidency Project Official website of the Commission on Elections Official website of the House of Representatives Archived 2020 06 04 at the Wayback MachineFurther reading EditFontaine Roger W 1992 The Philippines After Aquino Asian Affairs An American Review 19 3 170 190 doi 10 1080 00927678 1992 9936959 Lande Carl Herman 1996 Post Marcos Politics A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 9789813055209 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1992 Philippine presidential election amp oldid 1132428444, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
