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Wikipedia

List of current monarchs of sovereign states

July 19, 2023

A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth.[1] Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies)[2] or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies).[3] In many cases, a monarch will also be linked with a state religion.[4] Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling.[5] Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies.[6]

Monarchs of various countries:

A variety of titles are applied in English; for example, "king" and "queen", "prince" and "princess", "grand duke" and "grand duchess", "emperor" and "empress". Although they will be addressed differently in their local languages, the names and titles in the list below have been styled using the common English equivalent. Roman numerals, used to distinguish related rulers with the same name,[7] have been applied where typical.

In political and sociocultural studies, monarchies are normally associated with hereditary rule; most monarchs, in both historical and contemporary contexts, have been born and raised within a royal family.[6][8] Succession has been defined using a variety of distinct formulae, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority. Some monarchies, however, are not hereditary, and the ruler is instead determined through an elective process; a modern example is the throne of Malaysia.[9] These systems defy the model concept of a monarchy, but are commonly considered as such because they retain certain associative characteristics.[10] Many systems use a combination of hereditary and elective elements, where the election or nomination of a successor is restricted to members of a royal bloodline.[11][12]

Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions, which are organised alphabetically. These monarchs reign as head of state in their respective sovereign states. Monarchs reigning over a constituent division, cultural or traditional polity are listed under constituent monarchs. For a list of former ruling families or abolished thrones, see: former ruling families.

Monarchs by country

Title Monarch
(Birth year) 		Sovereign state(s) Since Length House Type Heir to the throne Ref.
Co-Prince[fn 1] Joan Enric Vives i Sicília
(b. 1949) 		    Andorra 12 May 2003 20 years, 67 days — Ceremonial Ex officio [13] [14]
Emmanuel Macron
(b. 1977) 		  14 May 2017 6 years, 65 days —
King Charles III[fn 2]
(b. 1948) 		    Antigua and Barbuda
  Australia
  The Bahamas
  Belize
  Canada
  Grenada
  Jamaica
  New Zealand
  Papua New Guinea
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Solomon Islands
  Tuvalu
  United Kingdom 		8 September 2022 313 days Windsor[fn 3] Ceremonial William, Prince of Wales [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
(b. 1950) 		    Bahrain 6 March 1999[fn 4] 24 years, 134 days Al Khalifa[fn 5] Executive Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain [30]
King Philippe
(b. 1960) 		    Belgium 21 July 2013 9 years, 362 days Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[fn 6] Ceremonial Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant[fn 7] [34]
Dragon King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
(b. 1980) 		    Bhutan 14 December 2006[fn 8] 16 years, 215 days Wangchuck Executive Jigme Namgyel [36]
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
(b. 1946) 		    Brunei 5 October 1967
[dubious – discuss][fn 9]		 55 years, 286 days Bolkiah Absolute Al-Muhtadee Billah [37]
King Norodom Sihamoni
(b. 1953) 		    Cambodia 14 October 2004[fn 10] 18 years, 277 days Norodom[fn 11] Ceremonial Hereditary and elective[fn 12] [39]
Queen Margrethe II
(b. 1940) 		    Denmark 14 January 1972 51 years, 185 days Glücksburg[fn 13] Ceremonial Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark [43]
King Mswati III
(b. 1968) 		    Eswatini 25 April 1986 37 years, 84 days Dlamini Absolute Hereditary and elective[fn 14] [46]
Emperor Naruhito[fn 15]
(b. 1960) 		    Japan 1 May 2019[fn 16] 4 years, 78 days Yamato[fn 17] Ceremonial Fumihito, Prince Akishino (Presumptive heir) [52]
King Abdullah II
(b. 1962) 		    Jordan 7 February 1999[fn 18] 24 years, 161 days Hāshim Executive Hereditary and elective (presumably Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan)[fn 19] [55] [56]
Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
(b. 1937) 		    Kuwait 29 September 2020[fn 20] 2 years, 292 days Al Sabah[fn 5] Executive Hereditary and elective (presumably Mishal Al-Ahmad)[fn 21] [60]
King Letsie III
(b. 1963) 		    Lesotho 7 February 1996[fn 22] 27 years, 161 days Moshesh Ceremonial Lerotholi Seeiso [61] [62]
Prince Hans-Adam II
(b. 1945) 		    Liechtenstein 13 November 1989[fn 23] 33 years, 247 days Liechtenstein Executive The Hereditary Prince Alois (currently Prince Regent) [63]
Grand Duke Henri
(b. 1955) 		    Luxembourg 7 October 2000[fn 24] 22 years, 284 days Luxembourg-Nassau[fn 25] Ceremonial Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg [65]
Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah[fn 26]
(b. 1959) 		    Malaysia 31 January 2019[fn 27] 4 years, 168 days Bendahara Ceremonial & Federal Elective[fn 28] [71]
Prince Albert II
(b. 1958) 		    Monaco 6 April 2005[fn 29] 18 years, 103 days Grimaldi Executive Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco [75]
King Mohammed VI
(b. 1963) 		    Morocco 23 July 1999[fn 30] 23 years, 360 days Alawi Executive Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco [77]
King Willem-Alexander
(b. 1967) 		    Netherlands 30 April 2013 10 years, 79 days Orange-Nassau[fn 31] Ceremonial Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange [80]
King Harald V
(b. 1937) 		    Norway 17 January 1991[fn 32] 32 years, 182 days Glücksburg[fn 13] Ceremonial Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway [81]
Sultan Haitham bin Tariq
(b. 1954) 		    Oman 11 January 2020 3 years, 188 days Al Said Absolute Theyazin bin Haitham [82]
Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
(b. 1980) 		    Qatar 25 June 2013 10 years, 23 days Al Thani Executive[83] Abdullah bin Hamad [84]
King Salman
(b. 1935) 		    Saudi Arabia 23 January 2015 8 years, 176 days Al Saud Absolute Mohammed bin Salman[fn 33] [86]
King Felipe VI
(b. 1968) 		    Spain 19 June 2014 9 years, 29 days Borbón-Anjou Ceremonial Leonor, Princess of Asturias (Presumptive heir)[fn 34] [88]
King Carl XVI Gustaf
(b. 1946) 		    Sweden 15 September 1973[fn 35] 49 years, 306 days Bernadotte Ceremonial Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden [90]
King Vajiralongkorn[fn 36]
(b. 1952) 		    Thailand 13 October 2016[fn 37] 6 years, 278 days Chakri Ceremonial Dipangkorn Rasmijoti (Presumptive heir) [95]
King Tupou VI
(b. 1959) 		    Tonga 18 March 2012 11 years, 122 days Tupou[fn 38] Executive Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala [97]
President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
(b. 1961) 		    United Arab Emirates 14 May 2022 1 year, 65 days Al Nahyan[fn 39] Executive & Federal[fn 40] Hereditary and elective (presumably Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan)[fn 41] [101]
Pope Francis[fn 42]
(b. 1936) 		     Vatican City 13 March 2013 10 years, 127 days — Absolute Elective [102]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The bishop of Urgell and the president of France each hold the position of co-prince of Andorra, but there is no personal title attached to the role.
  2. ^ Charles is currently King of fifteen separate Commonwealth realms.
  3. ^ Agnatically a member of the House of Glücksburg.
  4. ^ Hamad bin Isa reigned as Amir of the State of Bahrain until 14 February 2002, when he assumed the new title of King of Bahrain under a new Constitution.[30]
  5. ^ a b A clan of the Utub tribe.[31]
  6. ^ The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[32] is a branch of the House of Wettin.[33]
  7. ^ The Belgian monarch does not automatically assume the throne at the death or abdication of their predecessor; they only become monarch upon taking a constitutional oath.
  8. ^ Coronation took place 6 November 2008.[35]
  9. ^ Coronation took place 1 August 1968.[37]
  10. ^ Coronation took place 29 October 2004.[38]
  11. ^ A branch of the Varman dynasty. The surname "Norodom" is used by the descendants of Norodom I.[39][40]
  12. ^ The king is selected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne from amongst the male descendants of kings Ang Duong, Norodom, and Sisowath.[41]
  13. ^ a b Officially the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.[42]
  14. ^ Succession is subject to customary law, and does not follow primogeniture. A council of elders selects who among the reigning king's wives will be mother of the next king. This woman will succeed as Ndlovukati upon her son's ascension to throne, and will rule alongside him for the duration of his reign. The king's first two wives are considered ineligible.[44][45]
  15. ^ "Naruhito" is the current emperor's given name, but it is not his regnal name, and he is never referred to as this in Japanese. The era of Naruhito's reign bears the name "Reiwa", and according to custom he will be renamed "Emperor Reiwa" following his death.[citation needed][47]
  16. ^ The formal enthronement ceremony was held on 22 October 2019.[48]
  17. ^ The Japanese emperor does not have a family name.[49][50] The use of the name "Yamato" for the household derives from the ancient Yamato Court.[51] It is used often as a name for the imperial dynasty, but has no official basis.
  18. ^ Formally enthroned on 9 June 1999.[53]
  19. ^ Succession is based upon primogeniture. However, the reigning king may also select his successor from among eligible princes.[54]
  20. ^ Formally enthroned on 30 September 2020 upon the invitation of Parliament.
  21. ^ The heir is appointed by the reigning emir, and the nomination must also be approved by a majority of members in the National Assembly.[57] The throne was traditionally alternated between the two main branches of the Al Sabah family – the Al Salem and Al Jaber – until 2006.[58][59] The current emir is of the Al Jaber branch.
  22. ^ Coronation took place 31 October 1997. Has previously reigned as king from 12 November 1990 until 25 January 1995.[61]
  23. ^ Formally enthroned on 15 August 1990.[citation needed] Prior to his accession, Hans-Adam had served as prince regent since 26 August 1984.[63] On 15 August 2004, the prince formally appointed his son Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein as regent, in preparation for his succession to the throne, but remained head of state in accordance with the constitution.[64]
  24. ^ Prior to formal enthronement, Henri had served as prince regent since 4 March 1998.[65]
  25. ^ The royal family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Nassau-Weilburg,[66] descended from the House of Nassau and the Parma branch of the House of Bourbon.
  26. ^ Official title: Yang di-Pertuan Agong. It roughly translates as "Supreme Head of State", and is commonly rendered in English as "King".[67]
  27. ^ Elected on 24 January 2019.[68] Term of office started on 31 January 2019.[69]
  28. ^ The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term by and from amongst the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states, who form the Council of Rulers. The position has to date been, by informal agreement, systematically rotated between the nine; the order was originally based on seniority.[70]
  29. ^ Albert II was formally enthroned as prince in a two-part ceremony, in accordance with tradition, on 12 July and 19 November 2005.[72][73] He had previously served as regent from 31 March 2005 until his accession to the throne.[74]
  30. ^ Coronation took place 30 July 1999.[76]
  31. ^ The Dutch royal family is descended from the Houses of Nassau and Lippe. [78][79]
  32. ^ Formally enthroned on 21 January 1991, and consecrated on 23 June 1991. Prior to his accession, Harald had served as prince regent since 1 June 1990.[81]
  33. ^ Succession is determined by consensus within the House of Saud as to who will be Crown Prince. This consensus may change depending on the Crown Prince's actions:[85]
  34. ^ Succession is based upon male primogeniture. However, Felipe VI currently has no male children.[87]
  35. ^ Formally enthroned on 19 September 1973.[89]
  36. ^ Name is also written as Mahawachiralongkon.[91] He is also styled Rama X.[92]
  37. ^ Vajiralongkorn was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016 with retroactive effect to the date of his father's death.[92] The coronation took place from 4 – 6 May 2019.[93][94]
  38. ^ A line of the Tuʻi Kanokupolu dynasty.[96][97]
  39. ^ The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Falahi, a clan of the Yas tribe.[98]
  40. ^ The Prime Minister is the head of the government. However, with the consent of the Supreme Council, the office is appointed by the President, who retains considerable power.[99]
  41. ^ According to the Constitution, the President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council from among the individual rulers of the seven emirates.[99] However, by informal agreement the Presidency is always passed to the head of the Al Nahyan clan, the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi (see constituent monarchs), which makes it a de facto hereditary position. In addition, the appointed Prime Minister has always been the head of the Al Maktoum clan and Sheikh of Dubai.[100]
  42. ^ As Sovereign of the Vatican City State, by virtue of being Bishop of Rome.

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  100. ^ Noack, Sascha (2007). Doing Business in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates. GRIN Verlag. p. 16. ISBN 978-3-638-79766-5.
  101. ^ "President Sheikh Khalifa dies aged 73". The National. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  102. ^ "Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope". BBC News. Retrieved 13 March 2013.

External links

  • Soszynski, Henry. . University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011.

July 19, 2023
list, current, monarchs, sovereign, states, monarch, head, monarchy, form, government, which, state, ruled, individual, normally, rules, life, until, abdication, typically, inherits, throne, birth, monarchs, autocrats, absolute, monarchies, ceremonial, figureh. A monarch is the head of a monarchy a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication and typically inherits the throne by birth 1 Monarchs may be autocrats as in all absolute monarchies 2 or may be ceremonial figureheads exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all with actual authority vested in a legislature and or executive cabinet as in many constitutional monarchies 3 In many cases a monarch will also be linked with a state religion 4 Most states only have a single monarch at any given time although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor not present or otherwise incapable of ruling 5 Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state as is the current situation in Andorra are known as coregencies 6 Monarchs of various countries Examples of constitutional monarchs top left to middle right Charles III King of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms Philippe King of Belgium Margrethe II Queen of Denmark Naruhito Emperor of Japan Hans Adam II Prince of Liechtenstein Henri Grand Duke of Luxembourg Examples of absolute monarchs bottom left to bottom right Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud King of Saudi Arabia Mswati III King of Eswatini Pope Francis A variety of titles are applied in English for example king and queen prince and princess grand duke and grand duchess emperor and empress Although they will be addressed differently in their local languages the names and titles in the list below have been styled using the common English equivalent Roman numerals used to distinguish related rulers with the same name 7 have been applied where typical In political and sociocultural studies monarchies are normally associated with hereditary rule most monarchs in both historical and contemporary contexts have been born and raised within a royal family 6 8 Succession has been defined using a variety of distinct formulae such as proximity of blood primogeniture and agnatic seniority Some monarchies however are not hereditary and the ruler is instead determined through an elective process a modern example is the throne of Malaysia 9 These systems defy the model concept of a monarchy but are commonly considered as such because they retain certain associative characteristics 10 Many systems use a combination of hereditary and elective elements where the election or nomination of a successor is restricted to members of a royal bloodline 11 12 Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions which are organised alphabetically These monarchs reign as head of state in their respective sovereign states Monarchs reigning over a constituent division cultural or traditional polity are listed under constituent monarchs For a list of former ruling families or abolished thrones see former ruling families Contents 1 Monarchs by country 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksMonarchs by country EditTitle Monarch Birth year Sovereign state s Since Length House Type Heir to the throne Ref Co Prince fn 1 Joan Enric Vives i Sicilia b 1949 Andorra 12 May 2003 20 years 67 days Ceremonial Ex officio 13 14 Emmanuel Macron b 1977 14 May 2017 6 years 65 days King Charles III fn 2 b 1948 Antigua and Barbuda Australia The Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu United Kingdom 8 September 2022 313 days Windsor fn 3 Ceremonial William Prince of Wales 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa b 1950 Bahrain 6 March 1999 fn 4 24 years 134 days Al Khalifa fn 5 Executive Salman Crown Prince of Bahrain 30 King Philippe b 1960 Belgium 21 July 2013 9 years 362 days Saxe Coburg and Gotha fn 6 Ceremonial Princess Elisabeth Duchess of Brabant fn 7 34 Dragon King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck b 1980 Bhutan 14 December 2006 fn 8 16 years 215 days Wangchuck Executive Jigme Namgyel 36 Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah b 1946 Brunei 5 October 1967 dubious discuss fn 9 55 years 286 days Bolkiah Absolute Al Muhtadee Billah 37 King Norodom Sihamoni b 1953 Cambodia 14 October 2004 fn 10 18 years 277 days Norodom fn 11 Ceremonial Hereditary and elective fn 12 39 Queen Margrethe II b 1940 Denmark 14 January 1972 51 years 185 days Glucksburg fn 13 Ceremonial Frederik Crown Prince of Denmark 43 King Mswati III b 1968 Eswatini 25 April 1986 37 years 84 days Dlamini Absolute Hereditary and elective fn 14 46 Emperor Naruhito fn 15 b 1960 Japan 1 May 2019 fn 16 4 years 78 days Yamato fn 17 Ceremonial Fumihito Prince Akishino Presumptive heir 52 King Abdullah II b 1962 Jordan 7 February 1999 fn 18 24 years 161 days Hashim Executive Hereditary and elective presumably Hussein Crown Prince of Jordan fn 19 55 56 Emir Nawaf Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah b 1937 Kuwait 29 September 2020 fn 20 2 years 292 days Al Sabah fn 5 Executive Hereditary and elective presumably Mishal Al Ahmad fn 21 60 King Letsie III b 1963 Lesotho 7 February 1996 fn 22 27 years 161 days Moshesh Ceremonial Lerotholi Seeiso 61 62 Prince Hans Adam II b 1945 Liechtenstein 13 November 1989 fn 23 33 years 247 days Liechtenstein Executive The Hereditary Prince Alois currently Prince Regent 63 Grand Duke Henri b 1955 Luxembourg 7 October 2000 fn 24 22 years 284 days Luxembourg Nassau fn 25 Ceremonial Guillaume Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg 65 Yang di Pertuan Agong Abdullah fn 26 b 1959 Malaysia 31 January 2019 fn 27 4 years 168 days Bendahara Ceremonial amp Federal Elective fn 28 71 Prince Albert II b 1958 Monaco 6 April 2005 fn 29 18 years 103 days Grimaldi Executive Jacques Hereditary Prince of Monaco 75 King Mohammed VI b 1963 Morocco 23 July 1999 fn 30 23 years 360 days Alawi Executive Moulay Hassan Crown Prince of Morocco 77 King Willem Alexander b 1967 Netherlands 30 April 2013 10 years 79 days Orange Nassau fn 31 Ceremonial Catharina Amalia Princess of Orange 80 King Harald V b 1937 Norway 17 January 1991 fn 32 32 years 182 days Glucksburg fn 13 Ceremonial Haakon Crown Prince of Norway 81 Sultan Haitham bin Tariq b 1954 Oman 11 January 2020 3 years 188 days Al Said Absolute Theyazin bin Haitham 82 Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani b 1980 Qatar 25 June 2013 10 years 23 days Al Thani Executive 83 Abdullah bin Hamad 84 King Salman b 1935 Saudi Arabia 23 January 2015 8 years 176 days Al Saud Absolute Mohammed bin Salman fn 33 86 King Felipe VI b 1968 Spain 19 June 2014 9 years 29 days Borbon Anjou Ceremonial Leonor Princess of Asturias Presumptive heir fn 34 88 King Carl XVI Gustaf b 1946 Sweden 15 September 1973 fn 35 49 years 306 days Bernadotte Ceremonial Victoria Crown Princess of Sweden 90 King Vajiralongkorn fn 36 b 1952 Thailand 13 October 2016 fn 37 6 years 278 days Chakri Ceremonial Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Presumptive heir 95 King Tupou VI b 1959 Tonga 18 March 2012 11 years 122 days Tupou fn 38 Executive Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala 97 President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan b 1961 United Arab Emirates 14 May 2022 1 year 65 days Al Nahyan fn 39 Executive amp Federal fn 40 Hereditary and elective presumably Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan fn 41 101 Pope Francis fn 42 b 1936 Vatican City 13 March 2013 10 years 127 days Absolute Elective 102 See also EditList of current reigning monarchs by length of reign List of current non sovereign monarchs List of current heads of state and government Heads of former ruling families List of monarchies List of living former sovereign monarchs List of current heirs apparent List of current consorts of sovereigns Records of heads of stateNotes Edit The bishop of Urgell and the president of France each hold the position of co prince of Andorra but there is no personal title attached to the role Charles is currently King of fifteen separate Commonwealth realms Agnatically a member of the House of Glucksburg Hamad bin Isa reigned as Amir of the State of Bahrain until 14 February 2002 when he assumed the new title of King of Bahrain under a new Constitution 30 a b A clan of the Utub tribe 31 The House of Saxe Coburg and Gotha 32 is a branch of the House of Wettin 33 The Belgian monarch does not automatically assume the throne at the death or abdication of their predecessor they only become monarch upon taking a constitutional oath Coronation took place 6 November 2008 35 Coronation took place 1 August 1968 37 Coronation took place 29 October 2004 38 A branch of the Varman dynasty The surname Norodom is used by the descendants of Norodom I 39 40 The king is selected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne from amongst the male descendants of kings Ang Duong Norodom and Sisowath 41 a b Officially the House of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glucksburg which is a branch of the House of Oldenburg 42 Succession is subject to customary law and does not follow primogeniture A council of elders selects who among the reigning king s wives will be mother of the next king This woman will succeed as Ndlovukati upon her son s ascension to throne and will rule alongside him for the duration of his reign The king s first two wives are considered ineligible 44 45 Naruhito is the current emperor s given name but it is not his regnal name and he is never referred to as this in Japanese The era of Naruhito s reign bears the name Reiwa and according to custom he will be renamed Emperor Reiwa following his death citation needed 47 The formal enthronement ceremony was held on 22 October 2019 48 The Japanese emperor does not have a family name 49 50 The use of the name Yamato for the household derives from the ancient Yamato Court 51 It is used often as a name for the imperial dynasty but has no official basis Formally enthroned on 9 June 1999 53 Succession is based upon primogeniture However the reigning king may also select his successor from among eligible princes 54 Formally enthroned on 30 September 2020 upon the invitation of Parliament The heir is appointed by the reigning emir and the nomination must also be approved by a majority of members in the National Assembly 57 The throne was traditionally alternated between the two main branches of the Al Sabah family the Al Salem and Al Jaber until 2006 58 59 The current emir is of the Al Jaber branch Coronation took place 31 October 1997 Has previously reigned as king from 12 November 1990 until 25 January 1995 61 Formally enthroned on 15 August 1990 citation needed Prior to his accession Hans Adam had served as prince regent since 26 August 1984 63 On 15 August 2004 the prince formally appointed his son Alois Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein as regent in preparation for his succession to the throne but remained head of state in accordance with the constitution 64 Prior to formal enthronement Henri had served as prince regent since 4 March 1998 65 The royal family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Nassau Weilburg 66 descended from the House of Nassau and the Parma branch of the House of Bourbon Official title Yang di Pertuan Agong It roughly translates as Supreme Head of State and is commonly rendered in English as King 67 Elected on 24 January 2019 68 Term of office started on 31 January 2019 69 The Yang di Pertuan Agong is elected to a five year term by and from amongst the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states who form the Council of Rulers The position has to date been by informal agreement systematically rotated between the nine the order was originally based on seniority 70 Albert II was formally enthroned as prince in a two part ceremony in accordance with tradition on 12 July and 19 November 2005 72 73 He had previously served as regent from 31 March 2005 until his accession to the throne 74 Coronation took place 30 July 1999 76 The Dutch royal family is descended from the Houses of Nassau and Lippe 78 79 Formally enthroned on 21 January 1991 and consecrated on 23 June 1991 Prior to his accession Harald had served as prince regent since 1 June 1990 81 Succession is determined by consensus within the House of Saud as to who will be Crown Prince This consensus may change depending on the Crown Prince s actions 85 Succession is based upon male primogeniture However Felipe VI currently has no male children 87 Formally enthroned on 19 September 1973 89 Name is also written as Mahawachiralongkon 91 He is also styled Rama X 92 Vajiralongkorn was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016 with retroactive effect to the date of his father s death 92 The coronation took place from 4 6 May 2019 93 94 A line of the Tuʻi Kanokupolu dynasty 96 97 The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Falahi a clan of the Yas tribe 98 The Prime Minister is the head of the government However with the consent of the Supreme Council the office is appointed by the President who retains considerable power 99 According to the Constitution the President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council from among the individual rulers of the seven emirates 99 However by informal agreement the Presidency is always passed to the head 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original on 30 November 2011 Retrieved 12 November 2011 Shoup John A Maisel Sebastian 2009 Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today A J Greenwood Publishing Group p 323 ISBN 978 0 313 34444 2 The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Bu Falah tribe of the Bani Yas confederation and although they have been a small section of the tribe the Al Nahyan have traditionally provided the paramount shaykh for the confederation a b Constitution of the United Arab Emirates Art 51 amp 54 Noack Sascha 2007 Doing Business in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates GRIN Verlag p 16 ISBN 978 3 638 79766 5 President Sheikh Khalifa dies aged 73 The National 13 May 2022 Retrieved 13 May 2022 Argentina s Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope BBC News Retrieved 13 March 2013 External links EditSoszynski Henry Genealogical Gleanings Royal and Noble Lineages University of Queensland Archived from the original on 12 May 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of current monarchs of sovereign states amp oldid 1164601564, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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