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Liberal elite

February 15, 2024

Liberal elite,[1] also referred to as the metropolitan elite or progressive elite,[2][3][4] is a term used to describe politically liberal people whose education has traditionally opened the doors to affluence, wealth and power and who form a managerial elite. It is commonly invoked pejoratively, with the implication that the people who claim to support the rights of the working class are themselves members of the ruling classes and are therefore out of touch with the real needs of the people they say that they support and protect.[4][5][6]

Usage edit

Canada edit

Canadian news outlet CBC reported on an event for supporters of Doug Ford (the premier of Ontario). A supporter described elites as "Those that think they're better than me".[7] Doug Ford also described elites as "people who look down on the average, common folk, thinking they’re smarter and that they know better to tell us how to live our lives".[8] Alex Marland of the Memorial University of Newfoundland commented on Justin Trudeau's popularity with "liberal elites in metropolitan cities" in an article published on ResearchGate entitled "The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context".[9]

China edit

The term baizuo (Chinese: 白左) is used to refer to left-liberal ideas commonly associated with White people in the Western world. This term depicts them as unrealistic, out of touch, and loving virtue signalling.[10] It has also been widely used in Taiwan; this term specifically refers to white people in the West who often have higher education levels, liberal views, unrealistic expectations of the real world, and obsession with standing up for minorities even though these minorities are not offended.[11]

Hong Kong edit

See also: Socialism in Hong Kong

The term called zo gaau [zh] (Chinese: 左膠; Jyutping: zo2 gaau1) is widely used for similar effect in Hong Kong, which literally means "left dumbass" or "leftard".[12][13] This term began appearing in Hong Kong political discourse in the 2010s, first in traditional media outlets and quickly spreading to online communication. This term refers to those who advocate peace, equality and non-violence in an unrealistic way only to satisfy their moral superiority. Their ideas are too lofty and sometimes ignore the imperfections of the real world in pursuit of their unrealistic dream.[14]

India edit

See also: Pseudosecularism

In India, the term 'liberal elite' is used to describe the English speaking, left-leaning establishment, aligned to Nehruvian socialism and Marxism, who have formed much of the mainstream intelligentsia and the ruling political class of India since its independence in 1947. The Indian National Congress, often referred to as the 'Grand Old Party' of India, is a left-liberal party, which has dominated Indian politics for much of the country's independent history.[15]

Malaysia edit

In Malaysia, the term Bangsar Bubble is used to describe affluent Malay youth, usually highly educated and high-income groups (mostly T20 with M40 factions), notably in the Bangsar area of the Klang Valley. The term was initially used by leftists to criticize liberals who lack class analysis, but soon that term was appropriated to also refer to Malays who have embraced the Western left's progressive thinking. The group is usually associated with advocating some Western progressive issues such as LGBT rights (a taboo topic in the country), human rights, secularism, and racial issues. In terms of social media, they often use Twitter instead of Facebook, the latter of which is dominated by conservatives. The group usually endorses the Pakatan Harapan coalition or the Malaysian United Democratic Alliance.[16][17]

South Korea edit

See also: 386 Generation and Gangnam (Seoul)

"Gangnam Leftist" (Korean: 강남 좌파; Hanja: 江南左派) refers to the highly educated and high-income class with left-liberal tendencies in South Korean politics and society. They are mainly composed of upper-class members of the 386 Generation. In South Korea, the term is used with the same meaning as "limousine liberal" (Korean: 리무진 리버럴).[18][19] They are sometimes referred to as "Gangnam liberals", after the wealthy Gangnam region of Seoul, and are differentiated from South Korea's traditional socialist and social democratic factions centered on the labor movement.[20][21]

Gangnam leftist is a political term in South Korea, but it is also often used to refer to liberal politicians in countries other than South Korea. For example, Emmanuel Macron and Joe Biden have been referred to as Gangnam leftists in South Korean media.[18][22]

Philippines edit

The Tagalog term dilawan, which means ‘yellow ones’ in reference to the color of liberalism as an ideology and movement (cf., pulahan for ‘Reds’),[23] is used to describe a “discredited brand of transactional reform politics” en vogue since the 1986 People Power Revolution (EDSA I).[24][25][original research?] EDSA I, also known as the Yellow Revolution, has been disdained by detractors as a “revolution of mere elites rather than a revolution of the whole people”,[26] and one which “ignor[ed] the existence of the toiling masses and peasants in agrarian Philippines”.[27] The term’s usage originated in the 1980s as a pejorative for Liberal Party loyalists and politically aligned groups or individuals,[28] often associated with the genteel English-speaking elite.[29][30][31] It gained renewed currency during the 2016 Philippine presidential election among hardline supporters of Rodrigo Duterte.[a] In the country's English-language political-economic discourse, liberal elite is the term employed.[34][35][36]

More than a decade prior to Duterte's election, in January 2001, the EDSA II protests, which have been denounced by critics as unrepresentative and elitist,[27][37][38] culminated in the resignation under pressure of then-president Joseph Estrada and the installation of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as his successor. Arroyo, educated abroad and fluent in multiple colonial languages, was highly regarded in liberal elite circles in contrast to Estrada,[39] a university dropout whose proficiency in English was wanting.[40][41] Populist protests against Arroyo would erupt three months later in what came to be known as EDSA III.[42]

Duterte, while fluent in English, has similarly run afoul of the liberal elite,[43] which repeatedly draws attention not only to his questionable antics—deplored by no less than his daughter Sara—but also to his frequent use of gutter language.[33][35][44] This aversion, in turn, to gutter language has been criticized as indicative of a socioeconomically privileged upbringing that renders one out of touch with general society.[43][45][46] Such attitudes have been described as a desire on the part of the liberal elite to “demonize” detractors by portraying them as somehow morally or intellectually deficient,[47][48] as well as incapable of critical thought.[49]

Estrada has since come out as a supporter of Duterte,[50] expressing concern that the latter, like himself,[42][51][52] might be driven out of office by whom he had referred to years earlier as the “rich and perfumed”.[53] Others have echoed Estrada's depiction of those who had deposed him,[54] notwithstanding Estrada's own membership in albeit another section of the broader Philippine elite,[55] or have similarly denounced what has been described as the moralism and sham decency of the liberal elite.[56] Ultimately, Duterte's rise to power has come to be seen as the “people's verdict” on both the failures of the liberal order and what has been felt as the glibness of its domestic champions.[57][58][59]

United Kingdom edit

The Liberal elite is referred to by various terms in British political discourse. Hampstead Socialist and Hampstead liberal have been used, referring to the North London area of Hampstead. Although the Conservatives represent some of the council wards of the area, the wider constituency of Hampstead and Kilburn has often elected Labour MPs, including the 2015 incumbent, and the seats in Hampstead Town ward have previously been won by the Liberal Democrats.[citation needed]

The term Hampstead Socialist was regularly used by Nick Griffin, the former leader of the British National Party[60][61][62] and the phrase "North London metropolitan liberal elite" has been used by Home Secretary Priti Patel. Due to the high Jewish population of this area, references to "North London" elites have been accused by some, such as the Jewish Labour Movement, as a form of coded antisemitism.[63][64]

Another term that has gained currency is Islington set. Emily Thornberry, Labour Party MP for Islington South and Finsbury, resigned as a member of the Shadow Cabinet on 20 November 2014 during the Rochester and Strood by-election, in which she tweeted a picture of a house draped with England flags and a white van parked outside with the caption 'Image from Rochester', thought by many to be a snobby jibe. Simon Danczuk, the Labour MP for Rochdale, commented that Thornberry's tweet furthers the perception that the Labour Party "has been hijacked by the north London liberal elite".[65][66][67]

United States edit

See also: Progressivism in the United States and Social liberalism in the United States

In the United States, the sterotypical lifestyle of the liberal elite is often referenced in popular culture. Columnist Dave Barry drew attention to these stereotypes when he commented, "Do we truly believe that ALL red-state residents are ignorant racist fascist knuckle-dragging NASCAR-obsessed cousin-marrying roadkill-eating tobacco-juice-dribbling gun-fondling religious fanatic rednecks; or that ALL blue-state residents are godless unpatriotic pierced-nose Volvo-driving France-loving left-wing communist latte-sucking tofu-chomping holistic-wacko neurotic vegan weenie perverts?"[68]

A 2004 political advertisement from the right-wing organization Club for Growth attacked the Democratic presidential candidate Howard Dean by portraying him as part of the liberal elite: "Howard Dean should take his tax-hiking, government-expanding, latte-drinking, sushi-eating, Volvo-driving, New York Times–reading, body-piercing, Hollywood-loving, left-wing freak show back to Vermont, where it belongs."[69]

Those Americans who equate intellectual pursuits and careers with elitism often point out American intellectuals, most of whom are upper-middle-class not upper-class,[70] are primarily liberal. As of 2005, approximately 72% of professors identify themselves as liberals. At Ivy League universities, an even larger majority, 87% of professors identified themselves as liberals.[71] People with postgraduate degrees are increasingly Democratic.[72][73][74][75][76][77]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Duterte's own party, PDP–Laban, had nevertheless itself been at “the forefront of many of those [EDSA I] demonstrations carrying yellow flags with the word[] LABAN and faced water cannons, police batons and threats of arrests”.[32] Sara Duterte Carpio has argued that, despite claims to the contrary by high-ranking members of the Catholic Church hierarchy—in particular, Archbishop Sócrates Villegas—her father had indeed appreciated the significance of the 1986 revolution right from the beginning.[33] Duterte Carpio recounted, “On the evening of Feb[ruary] 25, 1986, I was playing in dreamland when my father interrupted my slumber and told me to get dressed because we ha[d] to go downtown [to the metropolitan cathedral],” adding that, “While we were huddled in the car, he told us, ‘Remember this night. Do not forget it.’”[33]

References edit

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  2. ^ . Daily Telegraph. 8 February 2015. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014.
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Further reading edit

  • Bartels, Larry M. (2006). "What's the Matter with What's the Matter with Kansas?". Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 1 (2): 201–226. doi:10.1561/100.00000010.
  • The Economist staff (18 November 2004). "The Fear Myth". The Economist.

February 15, 2024
liberal, elite, also, referred, metropolitan, elite, progressive, elite, term, used, describe, politically, liberal, people, whose, education, traditionally, opened, doors, affluence, wealth, power, form, managerial, elite, commonly, invoked, pejoratively, wit. Liberal elite 1 also referred to as the metropolitan elite or progressive elite 2 3 4 is a term used to describe politically liberal people whose education has traditionally opened the doors to affluence wealth and power and who form a managerial elite It is commonly invoked pejoratively with the implication that the people who claim to support the rights of the working class are themselves members of the ruling classes and are therefore out of touch with the real needs of the people they say that they support and protect 4 5 6 Contents 1 Usage 1 1 Canada 1 2 China 1 2 1 Hong Kong 1 3 India 1 4 Malaysia 1 5 South Korea 1 6 Philippines 1 7 United Kingdom 1 8 United States 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 Further readingUsage editCanada edit Canadian news outlet CBC reported on an event for supporters of Doug Ford the premier of Ontario A supporter described elites as Those that think they re better than me 7 Doug Ford also described elites as people who look down on the average common folk thinking they re smarter and that they know better to tell us how to live our lives 8 Alex Marland of the Memorial University of Newfoundland commented on Justin Trudeau s popularity with liberal elites in metropolitan cities in an article published on ResearchGate entitled The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context 9 China edit The term baizuo Chinese 白左 is used to refer to left liberal ideas commonly associated with White people in the Western world This term depicts them as unrealistic out of touch and loving virtue signalling 10 It has also been widely used in Taiwan this term specifically refers to white people in the West who often have higher education levels liberal views unrealistic expectations of the real world and obsession with standing up for minorities even though these minorities are not offended 11 Hong Kong edit See also Socialism in Hong Kong The term called zo gaau zh Chinese 左膠 Jyutping zo2 gaau1 is widely used for similar effect in Hong Kong which literally means left dumbass or leftard 12 13 This term began appearing in Hong Kong political discourse in the 2010s first in traditional media outlets and quickly spreading to online communication This term refers to those who advocate peace equality and non violence in an unrealistic way only to satisfy their moral superiority Their ideas are too lofty and sometimes ignore the imperfections of the real world in pursuit of their unrealistic dream 14 India edit See also Pseudosecularism In India the term liberal elite is used to describe the English speaking left leaning establishment aligned to Nehruvian socialism and Marxism who have formed much of the mainstream intelligentsia and the ruling political class of India since its independence in 1947 The Indian National Congress often referred to as the Grand Old Party of India is a left liberal party which has dominated Indian politics for much of the country s independent history 15 Malaysia edit In Malaysia the term Bangsar Bubble is used to describe affluent Malay youth usually highly educated and high income groups mostly T20 with M40 factions notably in the Bangsar area of the Klang Valley The term was initially used by leftists to criticize liberals who lack class analysis but soon that term was appropriated to also refer to Malays who have embraced the Western left s progressive thinking The group is usually associated with advocating some Western progressive issues such as LGBT rights a taboo topic in the country human rights secularism and racial issues In terms of social media they often use Twitter instead of Facebook the latter of which is dominated by conservatives The group usually endorses the Pakatan Harapan coalition or the Malaysian United Democratic Alliance 16 17 South Korea edit See also 386 Generation and Gangnam Seoul Gangnam Leftist Korean 강남 좌파 Hanja 江南左派 refers to the highly educated and high income class with left liberal tendencies in South Korean politics and society They are mainly composed of upper class members of the 386 Generation In South Korea the term is used with the same meaning as limousine liberal Korean 리무진 리버럴 18 19 They are sometimes referred to as Gangnam liberals after the wealthy Gangnam region of Seoul and are differentiated from South Korea s traditional socialist and social democratic factions centered on the labor movement 20 21 Gangnam leftist is a political term in South Korea but it is also often used to refer to liberal politicians in countries other than South Korea For example Emmanuel Macron and Joe Biden have been referred to as Gangnam leftists in South Korean media 18 22 Philippines edit The Tagalog term dilawan which means yellow ones in reference to the color of liberalism as an ideology and movement cf pulahan for Reds 23 is used to describe a discredited brand of transactional reform politics en vogue since the 1986 People Power Revolution EDSA I 24 25 original research EDSA I also known as the Yellow Revolution has been disdained by detractors as a revolution of mere elites rather than a revolution of the whole people 26 and one which ignor ed the existence of the toiling masses and peasants in agrarian Philippines 27 The term s usage originated in the 1980s as a pejorative for Liberal Party loyalists and politically aligned groups or individuals 28 often associated with the genteel English speaking elite 29 30 31 It gained renewed currency during the 2016 Philippine presidential election among hardline supporters of Rodrigo Duterte a In the country s English language political economic discourse liberal elite is the term employed 34 35 36 More than a decade prior to Duterte s election in January 2001 the EDSA II protests which have been denounced by critics as unrepresentative and elitist 27 37 38 culminated in the resignation under pressure of then president Joseph Estrada and the installation of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as his successor Arroyo educated abroad and fluent in multiple colonial languages was highly regarded in liberal elite circles in contrast to Estrada 39 a university dropout whose proficiency in English was wanting 40 41 Populist protests against Arroyo would erupt three months later in what came to be known as EDSA III 42 Duterte while fluent in English has similarly run afoul of the liberal elite 43 which repeatedly draws attention not only to his questionable antics deplored by no less than his daughter Sara but also to his frequent use of gutter language 33 35 44 This aversion in turn to gutter language has been criticized as indicative of a socioeconomically privileged upbringing that renders one out of touch with general society 43 45 46 Such attitudes have been described as a desire on the part of the liberal elite to demonize detractors by portraying them as somehow morally or intellectually deficient 47 48 as well as incapable of critical thought 49 Estrada has since come out as a supporter of Duterte 50 expressing concern that the latter like himself 42 51 52 might be driven out of office by whom he had referred to years earlier as the rich and perfumed 53 Others have echoed Estrada s depiction of those who had deposed him 54 notwithstanding Estrada s own membership in albeit another section of the broader Philippine elite 55 or have similarly denounced what has been described as the moralism and sham decency of the liberal elite 56 Ultimately Duterte s rise to power has come to be seen as the people s verdict on both the failures of the liberal order and what has been felt as the glibness of its domestic champions 57 58 59 United Kingdom edit The Liberal elite is referred to by various terms in British political discourse Hampstead Socialist and Hampstead liberal have been used referring to the North London area of Hampstead Although the Conservatives represent some of the council wards of the area the wider constituency of Hampstead and Kilburn has often elected Labour MPs including the 2015 incumbent and the seats in Hampstead Town ward have previously been won by the Liberal Democrats citation needed The term Hampstead Socialist was regularly used by Nick Griffin the former leader of the British National Party 60 61 62 and the phrase North London metropolitan liberal elite has been used by Home Secretary Priti Patel Due to the high Jewish population of this area references to North London elites have been accused by some such as the Jewish Labour Movement as a form of coded antisemitism 63 64 Another term that has gained currency is Islington set Emily Thornberry Labour Party MP for Islington South and Finsbury resigned as a member of the Shadow Cabinet on 20 November 2014 during the Rochester and Strood by election in which she tweeted a picture of a house draped with England flags and a white van parked outside with the caption Image from Rochester thought by many to be a snobby jibe Simon Danczuk the Labour MP for Rochdale commented that Thornberry s tweet furthers the perception that the Labour Party has been hijacked by the north London liberal elite 65 66 67 United States edit See also Progressivism in the United States and Social liberalism in the United States In the United States the sterotypical lifestyle of the liberal elite is often referenced in popular culture Columnist Dave Barry drew attention to these stereotypes when he commented Do we truly believe that ALL red state residents are ignorant racist fascist knuckle dragging NASCAR obsessed cousin marrying roadkill eating tobacco juice dribbling gun fondling religious fanatic rednecks or that ALL blue state residents are godless unpatriotic pierced nose Volvo driving France loving left wing communist latte sucking tofu chomping holistic wacko neurotic vegan weenie perverts 68 A 2004 political advertisement from the right wing organization Club for Growth attacked the Democratic presidential candidate Howard Dean by portraying him as part of the liberal elite Howard Dean should take his tax hiking government expanding latte drinking sushi eating Volvo driving New York Times reading body piercing Hollywood loving left wing freak show back to Vermont where it belongs 69 Those Americans who equate intellectual pursuits and careers with elitism often point out American intellectuals most of whom are upper middle class not upper class 70 are primarily liberal As of 2005 update approximately 72 of professors identify themselves as liberals At Ivy League universities an even larger majority 87 of professors identified themselves as liberals 71 People with postgraduate degrees are increasingly Democratic 72 73 74 75 76 77 See also editBaizuo Blairite Bobos in Paradise Bourgeois socialism Cancel culture Champagne socialist Chattering classes Clique du Plateau fr Gauche caviar Girlboss Intersectionality Identity politics Labour aristocracy Left Coast Let them eat cake Limousine liberal Lumpenbourgeoisie Massachusetts liberal New class New Democrats New Labour Radical chic Regressive left Pseudo secularism Safe space San Francisco values Slacktivism Social justice warrior Virtue signalling WokeNotes edit Duterte s own party PDP Laban had nevertheless itself been at the forefront of many of those EDSA I demonstrations carrying yellow flags with the word LABAN and faced water cannons police batons and threats of arrests 32 Sara Duterte Carpio has argued that despite claims to the contrary by high ranking members of the Catholic Church hierarchy in particular Archbishop Socrates Villegas her father had indeed appreciated the significance of the 1986 revolution right from the beginning 33 Duterte Carpio recounted On the evening of Feb ruary 25 1986 I was playing in dreamland when my father interrupted my slumber and told me to get dressed because we ha d to go downtown to the metropolitan cathedral adding that While we were huddled in the car he told us Remember this night Do not forget it 33 References edit Frost Amber A Lee November 2019 The Characterless Opportunism of the Managerial Class Vol 3 no 4 Speaking as a member of the liberal metropolitan elite Daily Telegraph 8 February 2015 Archived from the original on 24 April 2014 Chakelian Anoosh 13 June 2014 The party s been hijacked by a metropolitan elite Labour MP Simon Danczuk The New Statesman a b Progressive Elites Hate the Middle Class 29 April 2012 Silber N F 2019 July 1 Why we re socialists not progressives Jacobin https www jacobinmag com 2019 07 socialism progressives liberalism Hedges Christopher Lynn 7 December 2020 The Collective Suicide of the Liberal Class Scheer Post Canadians say country split between ordinary folks and elites But what is an elite CBC Retrieved 4 October 2019 The brother of infamous Toronto mayor Rob Ford is running for office and he sounds a lot like Trump Washington Post Retrieved 4 October 2019 The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context ResearchGate Retrieved 4 October 2019 这个词 让中国向西方逆向输出了一次价值观 组 加拿大家园网 www iask ca Archived from the original on 25 June 2017 Retrieved 28 November 2021 白左 的美麗與哀愁 葉家興 吐露台客 獨立評論 獨立評論 天下 in Chinese Retrieved 28 November 2021 SUN奇古怪 Sun潮語 和理非非 太陽報 in Chinese Hong Kong Retrieved 28 November 2021 香港01記者 6 September 2016 BBC教你 港豬 熱狗 左膠 英文點講 香港01 in Chinese Hong Kong Retrieved 28 November 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link 翌 晨 蘋果日報 果籽 名采 20131109 24 June 2015 Archived from the original on 24 June 2015 Retrieved 28 November 2021 Shekhar Gupta Saving Indian liberalism from its left liberal elite India Today Retrieved 30 January 2017 Kanagaraj Poovenraj 23 June 2020 Bangsar Bubble Is Trending On Twitter amp Liberals Are Getting Triggered Here s Why liveatpc com Retrieved 5 February 2022 Mengenal Siapa itu Bangsar Bubble The Patriots 3 April 2020 a b 바이든은 강남 좌파 수백억대 저택서 연휴 서울경제 26 November 2021 Retrieved 30 November 2021 바이든 대통령은 자신이 상원 초선 의원이던 1975년부터 낸터킷에서 추수감사절을 보냈다 하지만 대통령이 된 이후에는 처신이 달라져야 하는 것 아니냐는 지적이 나온 것이다 공화당 전국위원회 RNC 는 미국인이 인플레이션으로 굶주리는 와중에 바이든 대통령이 낸터킷에서 파티하며 흥청망청하고 있다 며 바이든 대통령은 리무진 리버럴이라고 했다 진보의 분화 리무진 리버럴 강남 좌파 뜬다 JoongAng Ilbo 8 March 2021 Retrieved 29 November 2021 Wider Image No money no hope South Korea s Dirt Spoons turn against Moon Reuters 26 November 2011 Retrieved 30 November 2021 Cho acknowledged he was a gold spoon and a Gangnam liberal motivated by social justice but the approach backfired and he stepped down in October after only a month in the post His wife is facing trial on allegations of forgery and financial fraud The Gangnam liberal Korea JoongAng Daily 23 August 2021 Retrieved 30 November 2021 The disgrace of Cho Kuk nominee for justice minister is beyond a personal tragedy He has brought down the left of Gangnam a district in southern Seoul and home to the haves in Korea The ultra liberal from an elite background is teetering towards his doom He has set himself apart from the traditional concept of a leftist in Korea 꽃길만 걸은 프랑스판 강남좌파 출마 위해 중도로 변신 Kyunghyang Shinmun 1 May 2017 Retrieved 28 December 2021 Adams Sean Morioka Noreen Stone Terry Lee 2006 Color Design Workbook A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design Gloucester Mass Rockport Publishers pp 86 ISBN 1 59253 192 X OCLC 60393965 Angsioco Elizabeth 19 July 2014 Politics of the Color Yellow Manila Standard Flores Bello Walden Meet the Filipino Socialists Challenging Rodrigo Duterte s Right Wing Rule Jacobin Magsalin Simoun 31 March 2020 Towards an Anarchism in the Philippine Archipelago Southeast Asian Anarchist Library a b Doronila Amando 28 August 2006 Time for paradigm shift Philippine Daily Inquirer pp A1 P Contreras Antonio 1 February 2020 Labels and Political Tagging Manila Times Estrada Claudio Sylvia 21 March 2016 In Defense of English in the Philippines Rappler Webb Adele 9 September 2016 He May Have Insulted Obama but Duterte Held Up a Long Hidden Looking Glass to the US The Conversation Flores Bello Walden 26 February 2021 How the US Derailed Philippine History in 1986 Rappler S Cruz Elfren 16 August 2017 Story of LABAN Philippine Star a b c Nawal Allan Alconaba Nico 25 February 2017 Sara Duterte Fires Back My Father Understood Spirit of EDSA Flores Bello Waldern 29 June 2016 The Left under Duterte Jacobin a b Chua Ethan 29 August 2020 The End of Liberal Democracy in the Philippines Lausan Collective Alvarez Maria Khristine Macalintal Joshua Docena Herbert 1 March 2022 The Philippine Left Has an Opportunity to Break the Country s Political Mold Jacobin Mydans Seth 5 February 2001 People Power II Doesn t Give Filipinos the Same Glow The New York Times 7 Years after Ouster Erap Bares 5 Conspirators 12 March 2008 Maestrado La Vina Antonio Gabriel 18 May 2013 Rejecting Elitism in Philippine Elections Rappler C Robles Alan 22 November 2000 A Joke of a Presidency Hot Manila Ager Maila 1 December 2015 Rodrigo Duterte Is like Joseph Estrada Donald Trump Lawmakers a b Duterte Is Right Estrada Insists Manila Standard 23 October 2016 a b Something for Bleeding Hearts Daily Tribune 2 March 2022 Time magazine Philippines Duterte Mocks Daughter for Saying She Was Raped 20 April 2016 Archived from the original on 20 April 2016 Navarro Pedrosa Carmen 4 December 2015 Duterte s Charisma Philippine Star Escalona Kim Ashley 19 July 2018 Duterte s War on Tongues New Mandala Liu Catherine 2021 Virtue Hoarders The Case against the Professional Managerial Class University of Minnesota Press P Contreras Antonio 23 December 2021 Robredo s Undoing Manila Times Ladrido R C 16 October 2019 The Color Yellow in Philippine Art Vera Files Gonzales Yuji Vincent 12 October 2016 Erap Backs Duterte PH Can Stand on Its Own Feet Docena Herbert 26 August 2017 Why Duterte Has to Be Ousted and Why Even That Won t Be Enough to Defend Ourselves Rappler Flores Bello Walden 26 August 2020 The End of Duterte Four Ways the Philippine Strongman Could Fall Foreign Policy in Focus H Cruz Neal 31 January 2012 Estrada Talks about His Impeachment Trial Chua Adelle 19 November 2021 The Audacity of Leody Manila Standard C Robles Alan 21 October 2018 Feuding Dynasties Bloody Massacres Game of Thrones Season 8 or Philippine Politics South China Morning Post Ranada Pia 15 October 2021 Isko Moreno The New Enemy of Desente Moralista Politics Rappler Oliveros Benjie 29 August 2015 Well You Are Still Alive Aren t You and Other Inane Contemptuous Statements Acts Bulatlat Flores Bello Walden 24 June 2016 How Neoliberalism Killed the Philippines EDSA Republic Clapano Jose Rodel 6 March 2022 Eleazar Vows to Boost Bicol Tourism The Philippine Star Pidd Helen 25 May 2014 Nick Griffin concedes European parliament seat as BNP votes fall away Politics Theguardian com Retrieved 22 May 2015 British National Party Bnp org uk Archived from the original on 22 September 2015 Retrieved 22 May 2015 Waterfield Bruno BNP s Nick Griffin defends jailed leader of neo Nazi party Golden Dawn The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 22 May 2015 Frot Mathilde 2 October 2019 JLM lambasts Priti Patel for North London metropolitan liberal elite comment Jewish News Times of Israel Retrieved 3 October 2019 Hardman Isabel 1 October 2019 Priti Patel turns her back on Theresa May s legacy at the Home Office Coffee House The Spectator Retrieved 3 October 2019 The metropolitan elite Britain s new pariah class The Guardian 13 March 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2015 Emily Thornberry How one tweet led to her resignation BBC News BBC co uk 21 November 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2015 Michael Rundell Political incorrectness gone mad the myth of the metropolitan elite The Guardian Retrieved 22 May 2015 Barry Dave 19 December 2004 An Off Color Rift The Washington Post Retrieved 8 July 2015 Tierney John 11 January 2004 THE 2004 CAMPAIGN Political Points The New York Times Retrieved 7 May 2010 Thompson W amp Hickey J 2005 Society in Focus Boston MA Allyn amp Bacon Pearson Kurtz H 29 March 2005 College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot Study Finds The Washington Post 29 March 2005 Retrieved 2 July 2007 Election Results 2008 The New York Times Retrieved 7 May 2010 CNN 1996 Exit Poll Retrieved 11 July 2007 CNN 2004 Exit Poll Retrieved 11 July 2007 CNN 2008 Exit Poll Retrieved 12 October 2008 cite news url https www pewresearch org politics 2020 06 02 in changing u s electorate race and education remain stark dividing lines In Changing U S Electorate Race and Education Remain Stark Dividing Lines Pew Research Center 2 June 2020 Retrieved 9 June 2022 Further reading editBartels Larry M 2006 What s the Matter with What s the Matter with Kansas Quarterly Journal of Political Science 1 2 201 226 doi 10 1561 100 00000010 The Economist staff 18 November 2004 The Fear Myth The Economist Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Liberal elite amp oldid 1204790564, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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