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Laudato si'

December 05, 2023

For other uses, see Laudato si' (disambiguation).

Laudato si' (Praise Be to You) is the second encyclical of Pope Francis. The encyclical has the subtitle "on care for our common home".[1] In it, the pope critiques consumerism and irresponsible development, laments environmental degradation and global warming, and calls all people of the world to take "swift and unified global action."[2]

Laudato si'
Italian for 'Praise Be to You'
Encyclical of Pope Francis
Signature date 24 May 2015 (2015-05-24)
SubjectOn care for our common home
Pages184
Number2 of 3 of the pontificate
Text
  • In Latin
  • In English
AAS107 (9): 847-945
 

The encyclical, dated 24 May 2015, was officially published at noon on 18 June 2015, accompanied by a news conference.[2] The Vatican released the document in Italian, German, English, Spanish, French, Polish, Portuguese and Arabic, alongside the original Latin.[3]

The encyclical is the second published by Pope Francis, after Lumen fidei (The Light of Faith), which was released in 2013. Since Lumen fidei was largely the work of Francis's predecessor Benedict XVI, Laudato si' is generally viewed as the first encyclical that is entirely the work of Francis.[4][5]

Content edit

John Zizioulas, Eastern Orthodox metropolitan of Pergamon, presents the encyclical Laudato si' at the press conference in Rome.

The title of the social encyclical is a Central Italian phrase[4] from Francis of Assisi's 13th-century "Canticle of the Sun" (also called the Canticle of the Creatures), a poem and prayer in which God is praised for the creation of the different creatures and aspects of the Earth.[6]

The tone of the Pope's phrasing has been described as "cautious and undogmatic, and he specifically calls for discussion and dialogue".[7] For example, he states in the encyclical (#188):

There are certain environmental issues where it is not easy to achieve a broad consensus. Here I would state once more that the Church does not presume to settle scientific questions or to replace politics. But I am concerned to encourage an honest and open debate so that particular interests or ideologies will not prejudice the common good.[7]

He adds that "Although the post-industrial period may well be remembered as one of the most irresponsible in history, nonetheless there is reason to hope that humanity at the dawn of the twenty-first century will be remembered for having generously shouldered its grave responsibilities."[1] Francis does state that concern for the natural world is no longer "'optional' but is an integral part of the Church teaching on social justice."[8]

Francis reportedly has said that the encyclical was not really an environmental document at all.[9] The warming of the planet is a symptom of a greater problem: the developed world's indifference to the destruction of the planet as they pursue short-term economic gains.[9] This has resulted in a "throwaway culture" in which unwanted items and unwanted people, such as the unborn, the elderly, and the poor, are discarded as waste.[9][10] This subtext makes the document "more profoundly subversive" than it appears on the surface.[9]

The real problem, according to Francis, lies in the fact that humans no longer see God as the Creator.[10] Thus we see "other living beings as mere objects subjected to arbitrary human domination" and do not realize that "the ultimate purpose of other creatures is not found in us".[10] Francis says that instead of viewing humanity as having "dominion" over the earth, we must see that everything is interconnected and that all of creation is a "kind of universal family".[8] Nature cannot be seen as something apart from humanity, or merely the place where we live.[8] He says that our social and environmental crises are thus one complex crisis that must be solved holistically.[8]

Environmentalism edit

Main article: Christian views on environmentalism

The Catholic Church, even after the Second Vatican Council, had put some distance between itself and the modern environmentalist movement. This was due primarily to concerns about Malthusian-derived concepts about population control and how that related to Catholic moral teachings on aspects such as artificial contraception and abortion, as emphasised in Pope Paul VI's encyclical Humanae Vitae.[11] Martin Palmer, an Anglican who was previously the Secretary General of the Alliance of Religions and Conservation (an NGO created by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1995 to change the views of religions on environmentalism and global warming) claims that Francis' encyclical "really helped, but now unfortunately, people in the Vatican still fear they will be attacked or compromised over this."[11]

Francis "pulls no punches" when lamenting pollution, climate change, a lack of clean water, loss of biodiversity, and an overall decline in human life and a breakdown of society.[8] "Never have we so hurt and mistreated our common home as we have in the last two hundred years," he states.[1]

He "describe[s] a relentless exploitation and destruction of the environment, for which he blamed apathy, the reckless pursuit of profits, excessive faith in technology and political shortsightedness."[2] Laudato si' "unambiguously accepts the scientific consensus that changes in the climate are largely man-made"[12] and states that "climate change is a global problem with grave implications: environmental, social, economic, political and for the distribution of goods. It represents one of the principal challenges facing humanity in our day" and warns of "unprecedented destruction of ecosystems, with serious consequence for all of us" if prompt climate change mitigation efforts are not undertaken.[1][2]

The encyclical highlights the role of fossil fuels in causing climate change. "We know that technology based on the use of highly polluting fossil fuels – especially coal, but also oil and, to a lesser degree, gas – needs to be progressively replaced without delay," Francis says. "Until greater progress is made in developing widely accessible sources of renewable energy, it is legitimate to choose the less harmful alternative or to find short-term solutions."[1] The encyclical's comments on climate change are consistent with the scientific consensus on climate change.[13]

Poverty edit

The encyclical states that developed nations are morally obligated to assist developing nations in combating the climate-change crisis.[2] Poor nations, the pontiff says, are ill-prepared to adapt to the effects of climate change and will bear the brunt of its effects.[12] Linking the issues of poverty, which has been a major issue in his papacy, and the environment, he insists that the world must "hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor."[12]

He does not believe, according to the editor of First Things, R. R. Reno, that "for all our flaws, Western societies are more democratic, more egalitarian, and more inclusive than any in history."[10] Citing the New Zealand Bishops' Conference Statement on Environmental Issues, Francis asks "what the commandment 'Thou shall not kill' means when 'twenty percent of the world's population consumes resources at a rate that robs the poor nations and future generations of what they need to survive.'"[1]

Science and modernism edit

"Science and religion, with their distinctive approaches to understanding reality, can enter into an intense dialogue fruitful for both", according to the pontiff.[1] Religions, including Christianity, can make "rich contributions ... towards an integral ecology and the full development of humanity,"[1] However, "the scientific and experimental method" itself can be part of the problem when it decouples creation from the Creator.[10]

Reno critiques the encyclical, writing Laudato si' makes "many fierce denunciations of the current global order". This global order "destroys the environment, oppresses the multitudes, and makes us blind to the beauty of creation."[10] According to Reno, the critiques of the scientific and technocratic present contained in the encyclical make this "perhaps the most anti-modern encyclical since the Syllabus of Errors, Pius IX's haughty 1864 dismissal of the conceits of the modern era".[10] He adds that the encyclical's tone lacks elements commonly found in the works of John Paul II and Benedict XVI that, in the tradition of Gaudium et spes, would have affirmed the modern world while correcting its errors.[10]

Technology edit

Modern technology, the "dominant technocratic paradigm", is seen as a key contributor to the environmental crisis and human suffering. While the technocratic paradigm (i.e. the simulation) is switched on,[clarification needed] Pope Francis points out, technology is viewed as "principal key to the meaning of existence" and asks the world to "resist" the "assault" of the technocratic paradigm.

"The technocratic paradigm has become so dominant that it would be difficult to do without its resources and even more difficult to utilize them without being dominated by their internal logic. It has become countercultural to choose a lifestyle whose goals are even partly independent of technology… Technology tends to absorb everything into its ironclad logic, and those who are surrounded with technology 'know full well that it moves forward in the final analysis neither for profit nor for the well-being of the human race.'"[1]

B. P. Green observes that Francis' "continual rejection of the 'technocratic paradigm' in the encyclical" should not confuse the reader into thinking that he rejects technological progress itself.[14]

Technology is not value-neutral and technological developments are directed by the profit motive, according to Pope Francis. This is a form of institutionalized greed, generally with little regard for environmental and social consequences. "The economy accepts every advance in technology with a view to profit, without concern for its potentially negative impact on human beings".[1] The encyclical warns against "blind confidence in technical solutions", particularly in view of the fact that "the specialization which belongs to technology makes it difficult to see the large picture", which "can actually become a form of ignorance".[1] As a result, many technological solutions are nothing more than short-term techno-fixes attempting to remove symptoms rather than addressing the underlying environmental, social, economic, and even moral and spiritual problems: "Technology, which, linked to business interests, is presented as the only way of solving these problems, in fact, proves incapable of seeing the mysterious network of relations between things and so sometimes solves one problem only to create others."[1]

Given these significant shortcomings of technology, "scientific and technological progress cannot be equated with the progress of humanity and history", and we are deluded by the myth of progress to believe that "ecological problems will solve themselves simply with the application of new technology and without need for ethical consideration or deep change."[1] A profound redefinition of progress and "liberation from the dominant technocratic paradigm" are needed, i.e., "we have the freedom needed to limit and direct technology; we can put it at the service of another type of progress, one which is healthier, more human, more social, more integral."[1] More fundamentally, according to the pontiff, we need to recognize that "technology severed from ethics will not easily be able to limit its own power", and that "the most extraordinary scientific advances, the most amazing technical abilities, the most astonishing economic growth, unless they are accompanied by authentic social and moral progress, will definitively turn against man."[1] Pope Francis adds that the environmental crisis can ultimately only be solved if our immense technological developments are accompanied by a "development in human responsibility, values, and conscience."[1]

Other topics edit

According to a New York Times summary, the encyclical is "sweeping" in scope and is wide-ranging (80 pages / 45,000 words), including mentions of such topics as urban planning, agricultural economics, and biodiversity.[2]

An intensified pace of social evolution in modern times leads to a phenomenon which Francis calls "rapidification" (paragraph 18).[15] The term translates the words "rapidación" (Spanish) and "rapidizzazione" (Italian), which appear together in the Italian text of the letter.[16] Celia Hammond, of the University of Notre Dame Australia, considers the term, although new to her, "a perfect description of our 21st century world, particularly in developed countries like Australia".[17]

The encyclical also gives voice to the Pope's opposition to abortion, embryonic stem cell research and population control, saying that respect for creation and human dignity go hand in hand.[18] "Since everything is interrelated", Francis says, "concern for the protection of nature is also incompatible with the justification of abortion."[19] According to the Pope, we cannot "genuinely teach the importance of concern for other vulnerable beings, however troublesome or inconvenient they may be, if we fail to protect a human embryo, even when its presence is uncomfortable and creates difficulties."[1]

Laudato si' opposes gender theory and supports "valuing one's own body in its femininity or masculinity". In acknowledging differences, the Pope states "we can joyfully accept the specific gifts of another man or woman, the work of God the Creator, and find mutual enrichment."[18]

Sources edit

The encyclical has 172 footnoted citations,[1] many to Francis's immediate predecessors, John Paul II and Benedict XVI.[2] The encyclical also "draws prominently from" Bartholomew I of Constantinople, the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Constantinople and an ally of the pope.[2] It is highly unusual to quote an Orthodox bishop in a papal document.[9] More than 10 per cent of all the footnotes, 21, cite documents from 16 bishops' conferences around the world, mostly from the global south.[9][20] This is the first encyclical to cite bishops' conferences.[20] This was an effort, experts believe, to build alliances on a controversial topic.[9] The encyclical also cites Thomas Aquinas, the 9th-century Sufi mystic Ali al-Khawas,[2][21] Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, and Romano Guardini.[22]

History edit

Early stages edit

Speculation about an "environmental encyclical" to be issued by Pope Francis first began in November 2013.[23] On 24 January 2014, the Vatican confirmed that drafting had begun. Federico Lombardi, the Holy See Press Office director, said that the document was in its very early stages, that no publication date had been set, and that the encyclical would be about ecology (and specifically the "ecology of man").[23]

Cardinal Peter Turkson, the president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, and his team wrote the first draft of the encyclical.[24][25] The draft was later reviewed by several theologians as well and sent (about three weeks before the encyclical's release) to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the second section of the Secretariat of State, and the theologian of the Papal Household.[25] Edits were made based on their responses.[25]

In drafting the encyclical, the Vatican consulted with leading scientific experts for months.[13] One of the experts consulted was Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, the founder and head of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and chair of the German Advisory Council on Global Change.[13]

On 28 April 2015, in advance of the encyclical's release, the Vatican hosted a one-day conference on climate change, featuring Turkson, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (who delivered the keynote address), Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa and American economist Jeffrey Sachs.[26][27]

The title and subtitle of the encyclical were first reported on in a Twitter message by Spanish-language journalist Mercedes De La Torre on 30 May 2015.[28] The Vatican confirmed that the title would be Laudato si' on 10 June.[29] While some initial reports said the encyclical would be called Laudato Sii, this was incorrect; the pope chose to use the original Umbrian form and spelling of the poem, with a single i.[4]

On 4 June, the Vatican press office announced that the encyclical – which was "already attracting global attention for its expected discourses on Catholic theology on ecology, current environmental destruction, and climate change" – would be released on 18 June.[30]

Redaction edit

Archbishop Víctor Manuel Fernández took part in the redaction of the encyclical.[31]

Leak edit

Four days before the encyclical's release, the Italian magazine L'Espresso posted a leaked draft of the document online.[32] The leaked document "almost exactly matched" the final document.[2] The leak angered Vatican officials[2] who called it a "heinous act"[32] and revoked the press credentials of the longtime L'Espresso Vatican correspondent Sandro Magister.[33] The New York Times and the Italian newspaper La Stampa both noted suggestions that the leak came from conservatives inside the Vatican who wished to embarrass the pope and hinder the rollout of the encyclical.[2][33]

Release edit

The encyclical letter was officially released at an event in the New Synod Hall of the Vatican City.[25] Speaking at the press conference were Turkson, Schellnhuber, and John Zizioulas (the metropolitan of Pergamon, representing the Orthodox Church).[34] On the day of the encyclical's official release, Pope Francis issued two messages about it on his official Twitter account, @Pontifex.[24] It has been suggested that the encyclical's release was timed to influence three summits being held at the United Nations on financial aid, sustainable development and climate change later in 2015.[9]

Reception edit

After the encyclical was released, the Vatican's website was briefly inaccessible as many people tried to read it.[12] It has been described as "one of the shrewdest documents issued by the Vatican during the past century" and "has revealed Francis as a wily and sophisticated politician of the first order."[9] It contains, according to Paul Vallely, "a raft of defenses against critics who dismiss it as the work of some kind of left-wing maverick."[9]

Within Roman Catholic Church edit

The Laudato Si' Movement, a global network of over 900 Catholic organizations and over 10,000 trained grassroots leaders known as Laudato Si' Animators, has played a key role in supporting the Church to receive and implement the encyclical.[35] In close partnership with the Vatican Dicastery for Integral Human Development, Laudato Si' Movement has convened various global initiatives to raise awareness and spark action, such as the annual Laudato Si' Week celebration,[36] the Season of Creation ecumenical celebration,[37] and the film "The Letter".[38]

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, led by its president Joseph Edward Kurtz, the archbishop of Louisville, described the encyclical as "our marching orders for advocacy"[39] and planned briefings on the encyclical with both chambers of Congress and with the White House.[40] Cardinal Sean O'Malley of Boston said that the "constant linkage throughout the encyclical of the dual need to respect and protect "Our Common Home" and the need to respect and protect the dignity and lives of the poor may be regarded as the distinctive characteristic of this powerful message of Pope Francis."[41]

Filipino Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, the Archbishop of Manila, wrote that "In Laudato si' Pope Francis reminds us to replace consumption with a sense of sacrifice, greed with generosity and wastefulness with a spirit of sharing. We must "give, and not simply give up." We are called to free ourselves from all that is heavy and negative and wasteful and to enter into dialogue with our global family."[42]

The three bishops of Northern and Central California, Stephen Blaire, Armando Xavier Ochoa, and Jaime Soto, issued a joint statement that highlighted how climate change disproportionately affects the poor. "The Catholic perspective is that human and natural ecology go hand in hand," the trio said. "We are called to solidarity with the poor as well as stewardship of the Earth. Our deep regard for the dignity of every person commands us to cultivate a climate of life where each of God's children thrive and join with creation in praising our Creator. This is the 'integral ecology' of which Pope Francis speaks."[43]

Bishop Richard Pates of Des Moines, Iowa, which has the first major presidential primary contest in the United States, called on candidates to show courage and leadership on the issue, saying "With presidential candidates already visiting us regularly, I encourage Catholics across our state, and all people of goodwill, to talk to them and ask not if, but how, they plan to work toward solutions to climate change."[44]

German Archbishop of Hamburg Stefan Heße praised the encyclical, calling it "valuable momentum for a worldwide ecological reorientation." He commented further, saying:

He makes it clear that urgent issues of the future for the whole world and for all human beings have to be solved. Without a radical change of mentality, it will not do. Thus he underlines that the problems that concern all can be solved only by all.[45][46]

Vaticanologist John L. Allen Jr., said in an analysis, "Laudato si' seems destined to go down as a major turning point, the moment when environmentalism claimed pride of place on a par with the dignity of human life and economic justice as a cornerstone of Catholic social teaching. It also immediately makes the Catholic Church arguably the leading moral voice in the press to combat global warming and the consequences of climate change."[47]

Catholic Millennials have written widely giving their opinions of the encyclical.[48]

Criticism edit

Samuel Gregg, director of research at the libertarian Acton Institute, has criticised "the sheer overreach that plagues" Laudato si'.[49] RealClearReligion editor Nicholas Hahn has said that "Good Catholics can disagree on how to combat climate change and shouldn't worry about being sent to the confessional if they drive a SUV."[49]

This criticism comes even though Francis took "care to locate his text firmly in the substantial body of teaching set out by previous popes," especially John Paul II and Benedict XVI.[9]

In July 2015, Cardinal George Pell criticised Pope Francis's encyclical Laudato si' for associating the church with the need to address climate, stating:[50]

It’s got many, many interesting elements. There are parts of it which are beautiful. But the church has no particular expertise in science ... the church has got no mandate from the Lord to pronounce on scientific matters. We believe in the autonomy of science.

From other faiths edit

Three days before the encyclical was released, the 14th Dalai Lama issued a Twitter message stating: "Since climate change and the global economy now affect us all, we have to develop a sense of the oneness of humanity."[4]

Two days before the encyclical was released, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby, head of the Anglican Communion, issued a "green declaration" (also signed by the Methodist Conference as well as representatives of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and the British Muslim, Sikh and Jewish communities) urging a transition to a low-carbon economy and fasting and prayer for success at the December 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris.[4][51]

The same day, the Lausanne Movement of global evangelical Christians said it was anticipating the encyclical and was grateful for it.[4] The encyclical was also welcomed by the World Council of Churches and the Christian Reformed Church in North America.[39]

Pope Francis's environmental encyclical Laudato si' has been welcomed by many environmental organisations of different faiths. Video of interfaith march in Rome to call for climate action.

From world leaders edit

The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, welcomed the encyclical in a statement on the day it was released.[39][52] Kofi Annan, the former UN secretary-general and current chair of the Africa Progress Panel, also issued a statement in support of the encyclical, stating "As Pope Francis reaffirms, climate change is an all-encompassing threat. … I applaud the Pope for his strong moral and ethical leadership. We need more of such inspired leadership. Will we see it at the climate summit in Paris?"[53]

Christiana Figueres, the executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, said: "Pope Francis is personally committed to this issue like no other pope before him. I do think the encyclical is going to have a major impact. It will speak to the moral imperative of addressing climate change in a timely fashion in order to protect the most vulnerable."[54]

On the same day, Jim Yong Kim, the president of the World Bank Group, also praised the encyclical.[39]

From the scientific community edit

Science historian Naomi Oreskes observes that Laudato si' "insists we embrace the moral dimensions of problems that have heretofore been viewed primarily as scientific, technological, and economic."[55][56]

The encyclical gave a boost to the fossil fuel divestment movement.[57] Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, the founding director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and chair of the German Advisory Council on Global Change, who advised the Vatican on the drafting of the encyclical, said that "the science of Laudato si' is watertight" and gave the pontiff an "A" for command of the subject.[34]

An editorial in Nature praised the encyclical for its statements about sustainability and global poverty and the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources: "The papal calls to end poverty and share the world's ecological space in a fair way are objectives that mirror the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, to be released in September. The Pope's letter adds an important facet to the discussion: it is not merely conceivable to secure a sound future for human civilization without relying on coal, oil and gas – it is a prerequisite."[58] However, it criticised Francis for ignoring important issues like family planning and birth control. "Alas, he remained silent on issues of contraception. With a world population heading towards a possible 10 billion, the importance of family planning is clear. The Vatican has been brave on climate change. If it is serious about the fate of the planet and the welfare of its inhabitants, then it must be braver still on the issue of contraception."[58]

A review by nine climate scientists under the Climate Feedback project concluded the encyclical "rather accurately depicts the current reality of climate change" and "fairly represents the present concerns raised by the scientific community."[59]

Nicholas Stern, chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and author of an influential report on climate change, stated that "The publication of the Pope's encyclical is of enormous significance. He has shown great wisdom and leadership. Pope Francis is surely absolutely right that climate change raises vital moral and ethical issues.... Moral leadership on climate change from the Pope is particularly important because of the failure of many heads of state and government around the world to show political leadership."[39]

Leading ecological economist and steady-state theorist Herman Daly praised the Pope's encyclical on the grounds that it "... unifies the main divisions of Christianity on at least the fundamental recognition that we have a shamefully neglected duty to care for the Earth out of which we evolved, and to share the Earth's life support more equitably with each other, with the future, and with other creatures." Daly even believes that the Pope "skates fairly close to the idea of steady-state economics," although the important issues of population stabilization, responsible family planning and contraception were "conspicuously near-absent" in the encyclical.[60]

Impact on the United States political system edit

Stephen F. Schneck, the director of Institute for Policy Research & Catholic Studies at The Catholic University of America, has said that "Something's going to come out of this and it's definitely going to have an impact on public policy in the US."[49] However, Kathy Saile, the former long time director of the US bishops' office for domestic social justice, does not believe that "it will spark a climate change bill, but someday when negotiations are happening on a bill or a treaty, these kinds of moral teachings could have an influence."[49] Nonetheless, she added, "Pope Francis's tone, his honesty, how he talks about mercy and care for the poor, and his genuine desire to be a bridge," could influence political culture in Washington. "If he could change the tone of the debate, that would be an amazing gift."

Miami Archbishop Thomas Wenski, chairman of the US bishops' committee on domestic peace and justice, wrote a letter to Congress letting them know that "The U.S. bishops stand united with the Holy Father in his call to protect creation."[49] He also asked them to "resist any effort to impair the development of a national carbon standard and instead to support our nation's ability to address this urgent global challenge confronting the human family."[49] Schneck opined that "This is different than the normal letters that the USCCB sends over all the time on a variety of issues. It really transcends the fault lines of both US politics and politics around the world."[49]

Cornell anthropologists Annelise Riles and Vincent Ialenti told NPR.org: "We find Laudato Si' important because it defies the United States' political imagination at every turn. In some moments, the pope reads like an archconservative, in other moments an archliberal. Sometimes he defers to scientists, other times he quotes scripture and, still other times, he criticizes the very foundations of economics. Mixing together ideas many see as incompatible, he forces us to think."[61]

The New York Times reported that the encyclical put pressure on Catholics seeking the Republican Party nomination for president of the United States in 2016, including Jeb Bush, Marco Rubio, and Rick Santorum, who "have questioned or denied the established science of human-caused climate change, and have harshly criticized policies designed to tax or regulate the burning of fossil fuels."[62] Jeb Bush said: "I hope I'm not going to get castigated for saying this by my priest back home, but I don't get economic policy from my bishops or my cardinal or my pope."[63]

Neoconservative critique and counterarguments edit

Neoconservative circles in the United States have criticised the encyclical right from its publication in Rome, sometimes in very harsh terms.[64] Writing in the Weekly Standard, Irwin M. Stelzer has argued that:

Pope Francis is unambiguously opposed to the American system of "savage capitalism". He has famously quoted a fourth century Doctor of the Church, St. Basil of Caesarea, who called money "the devil's dung", has railed against the "anonymous influences of mammon" and a "new colonialism" that includes "free trade treaties... [and] imposition of austerity," and stated a preference for "cooperatives". Throw in Francis' views that we are witnessing "a disturbing warming of the climatic system... due to the great concentration of greenhouse gasses," and that "there is an urgent need of a true world political authority," and you have positions that it will take more than a spoonful of the Pontiff's charm to make go down the throats of many Americans.[65]

From industry edit

A lobbyist of Arch Coal sent an email to Republican lawmakers stating the pope "does not appear to address the tragedy of global energy poverty." The lobbyist argued the church should promote fossil fuels instead if he really cared about the poor.[63] The email suggested "talking points" to the legislators for defending the coal industry and rejecting the arguments of the pope. The lobbyist wrote: "Billions of people around the globe are living without electrification and suffering through untold poverty and disease as a result." In contrast to these arguments the encyclical argues that fossil fuels in general and coal in particular threaten the poor: Fossil fuels are a threat to prosperity for the poor. They would suffer even more in particular from sea level rise, droughts, warming and extreme weather caused by burning fossil fuels.[66]

In June 2019, in a meeting at the Vatican which climatologist Hans Joachim Schellnhuber described as one of the most significant of his 30-year career, Francis "convinced big oil CEOs to alter their message on climate change." These included CEOs of ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, and Chevron who pledged to avert what Francis called "a climate emergency" that risks "perpetrating a brutal act of injustice towards the poor and future generations." Francis "stressed the need for a radical energy transition to save our common home." They pledged to "advance the energy transition [...] while minimizing the costs to vulnerable communities."[67][68]

From other groups edit

Bill McKibben reviewed the encyclical in The New York Review of Books[69] and later called it "the most important document yet of this millennium".[70]

The LGBT-interest magazine The Advocate noted that the encyclical contains passages which reinforce the church's position against the transsexuality movement, calling for "the acceptance of our bodies as God's gift."[71]

Pankaj Mishra wrote that the encyclical was "Arguably the most important piece of intellectual criticism in our time."[72]

In 2019, the journal Biological Conservation published research[73] by Malcolm McCallum showing evidence of widespread, sustained growth in interest in the environment in many countries around the world.[74]

In film edit

The 2022 documentary film The Letter: A Message for our Earth, presented by YouTube Originals, tells the story of the Laudato Si' encyclical.[75]

The film was produced by Oscar-winning Off The Fence Productions and directed by Nicolas Brown, in partnership with the Laudato Si' Movement.[76]

Following its global premiere in Vatican City on 4 October 2022, the film was an instant success amassing over 7 million views in its first two weeks, with the support of celebrities such as Leonardo DiCaprio and Arnold Schwarzenegger.[77]

In music edit

On behalf of the Diocese of Limburg, Peter Reulein wrote the music for the oratorio Laudato si' – a Franciscan Magnificat to the libretto by Helmut Schlegel.[78] This work is based on the Latin version of the Magnificat, corresponds to the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy, and includes texts from the apostolic exhortation Evangelii gaudium and the encyclical Laudato si'. The premiere of the oratorio took place in the Limburg Cathedral on 6 November 2016.[79]

Laudato Si' Movement edit

With the encyclical's publication in 2015, the Laudato Si Movement was founded to bring together Catholics interested in promoting its message.[80] In 2022 the Laudato Si' Movement consisted of 967 member organizations, 11539 Laudato Si' Animators, 204 Laudato Si' Circles and 58 National Chapters around the globe.

On 4 October 2021, the Vatican Dicastery for Integral Development launched the Laudato Si Action Platform, in collaboration with the Laudato Si' Movement and many other Catholic institutions.[81]

On 4 Oct.. 2022 was the premiere of the film The Letter: A Message for our Earth by award-winning documentary filmmaker Nicolas Brown and the production team "Off The Fence" (Oscar winners for "My Octopus Teacher"), in collaboration with Laudato Si' Movement and the Vatican.[82]

Laudato Si' and Laudate Deum edit

Main article: Laudate Deum

The apostolic exhortation Laudate Deum, considered a text in continuity with Laudato si’, was published on 4 October 2023. Frances notes that

Eight years have passed since I published the Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’, when I wanted to share with all of you, my brothers and sisters of our suffering planet, my heartfelt concerns about the care of our common home. Yet, with the passage of time, I have realized that our responses have not been adequate, while the world in which we live is collapsing and may be nearing the breaking point. (LD 2)

The Pope aims to clarify and bring to completion his ideas on integral ecology, while at the same time sounding an alarm, and a call for co-responsibility, in the face of the climate emergency. Journalists Jason Horowitz and Elisabetta Povoledo stated that “eight years after his landmark letter on humanity’s obligation to protect the environment, Francis warns that there is still a lot to be done, and quickly.”[83]

In particular, the Exhortation mentions the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference, being held in Dubai at the end of November and beginning of December in 2023. He urged governments to make the conference a turning point in the urgent fight against the climate crisis.[84]

Although Laudato si’ “had a transversal and very profound impact within and outside the Catholic Church”, according to Paolo Conversi, the coordinator of the Laudato Si’ Observatory, an interdisciplinary group at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, Laudate Deum serves as proof that Francis feels his message has not been enough heard.[83] “What is being asked of us is nothing other than a certain responsibility for the legacy we will leave behind”, Francis states, “once we pass from this world.”[83]

See also edit

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Annett, Anthony, Jeffrey Sachs, and William Vendley (2017). The Significance of Laudato si'. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.

Ecological consciousness edit

  • Devall, Bill, and George Sessions (2001). Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered. Gibbs Smith, ISBN 0879052473, 267 pp.
  • Frank Pasquale (ed.) (2019). Care for the World: Laudato Si' and Catholic Social Thought in an Era of Climate Crisis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sessions, George (1995). Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. Shambala Press, ISBN 1570620490, 520 pp.

Global climate change. edit

  • United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (2001). Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence and the Common Good..

Technocratic paradigm edit

  • Barbour, Ian G. (1980), Technology, Environment, and Human Values, Praeger, ISBN 0275914836, 342 pp.
  • Huesemann, Michael H., and Joyce A. Huesemann (2011). Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada, ISBN 0865717044, 464 pp.
  • Mander, Jerry (1992), In the Absence of the Sacred, Sierra Club Books, ISBN 0871565099, 458 pp.

External links edit

  • Laudato si' in English – official text of the encyclical from the official website of the Holy See
  • Full text of the encyclical in other languages from the official website of the Holy See
  • Laudato si' – The Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development
  • The Laudato si' Website'
  • Video of the presentation of the encyclical – from the Vatican Television Center/Vatican Radio's official YouTube channel

December 05, 2023
laudato, other, uses, disambiguation, praise, second, encyclical, pope, francis, encyclical, subtitle, care, common, home, pope, critiques, consumerism, irresponsible, development, laments, environmental, degradation, global, warming, calls, people, world, tak. For other uses see Laudato si disambiguation Laudato si Praise Be to You is the second encyclical of Pope Francis The encyclical has the subtitle on care for our common home 1 In it the pope critiques consumerism and irresponsible development laments environmental degradation and global warming and calls all people of the world to take swift and unified global action 2 Laudato si Italian for Praise Be to You Encyclical of Pope FrancisSignature date 24 May 2015 2015 05 24 SubjectOn care for our common homePages184Number2 of 3 of the pontificateTextIn LatinIn EnglishAAS107 9 847 945 Lumen fidei Fratelli tutti The encyclical dated 24 May 2015 was officially published at noon on 18 June 2015 accompanied by a news conference 2 The Vatican released the document in Italian German English Spanish French Polish Portuguese and Arabic alongside the original Latin 3 The encyclical is the second published by Pope Francis after Lumen fidei The Light of Faith which was released in 2013 Since Lumen fidei was largely the work of Francis s predecessor Benedict XVI Laudato si is generally viewed as the first encyclical that is entirely the work of Francis 4 5 Contents 1 Content 1 1 Environmentalism 1 2 Poverty 1 3 Science and modernism 1 4 Technology 1 5 Other topics 1 6 Sources 2 History 2 1 Early stages 3 Redaction 3 1 Leak 3 2 Release 4 Reception 4 1 Within Roman Catholic Church 4 1 1 Criticism 4 2 From other faiths 4 3 From world leaders 4 4 From the scientific community 4 5 Impact on the United States political system 4 5 1 Neoconservative critique and counterarguments 4 6 From industry 4 7 From other groups 5 In film 6 In music 7 Laudato Si Movement 8 Laudato Si and Laudate Deum 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 11 1 Ecological consciousness 11 2 Global climate change 11 3 Technocratic paradigm 12 External linksContent edit source source source source source John Zizioulas Eastern Orthodox metropolitan of Pergamon presents the encyclical Laudato si at the press conference in Rome The title of the social encyclical is a Central Italian phrase 4 from Francis of Assisi s 13th century Canticle of the Sun also called the Canticle of the Creatures a poem and prayer in which God is praised for the creation of the different creatures and aspects of the Earth 6 The tone of the Pope s phrasing has been described as cautious and undogmatic and he specifically calls for discussion and dialogue 7 For example he states in the encyclical 188 There are certain environmental issues where it is not easy to achieve a broad consensus Here I would state once more that the Church does not presume to settle scientific questions or to replace politics But I am concerned to encourage an honest and open debate so that particular interests or ideologies will not prejudice the common good 7 He adds that Although the post industrial period may well be remembered as one of the most irresponsible in history nonetheless there is reason to hope that humanity at the dawn of the twenty first century will be remembered for having generously shouldered its grave responsibilities 1 Francis does state that concern for the natural world is no longer optional but is an integral part of the Church teaching on social justice 8 Francis reportedly has said that the encyclical was not really an environmental document at all 9 The warming of the planet is a symptom of a greater problem the developed world s indifference to the destruction of the planet as they pursue short term economic gains 9 This has resulted in a throwaway culture in which unwanted items and unwanted people such as the unborn the elderly and the poor are discarded as waste 9 10 This subtext makes the document more profoundly subversive than it appears on the surface 9 The real problem according to Francis lies in the fact that humans no longer see God as the Creator 10 Thus we see other living beings as mere objects subjected to arbitrary human domination and do not realize that the ultimate purpose of other creatures is not found in us 10 Francis says that instead of viewing humanity as having dominion over the earth we must see that everything is interconnected and that all of creation is a kind of universal family 8 Nature cannot be seen as something apart from humanity or merely the place where we live 8 He says that our social and environmental crises are thus one complex crisis that must be solved holistically 8 Environmentalism edit Main article Christian views on environmentalism The Catholic Church even after the Second Vatican Council had put some distance between itself and the modern environmentalist movement This was due primarily to concerns about Malthusian derived concepts about population control and how that related to Catholic moral teachings on aspects such as artificial contraception and abortion as emphasised in Pope Paul VI s encyclical Humanae Vitae 11 Martin Palmer an Anglican who was previously the Secretary General of the Alliance of Religions and Conservation an NGO created by Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh in 1995 to change the views of religions on environmentalism and global warming claims that Francis encyclical really helped but now unfortunately people in the Vatican still fear they will be attacked or compromised over this 11 Francis pulls no punches when lamenting pollution climate change a lack of clean water loss of biodiversity and an overall decline in human life and a breakdown of society 8 Never have we so hurt and mistreated our common home as we have in the last two hundred years he states 1 He describe s a relentless exploitation and destruction of the environment for which he blamed apathy the reckless pursuit of profits excessive faith in technology and political shortsightedness 2 Laudato si unambiguously accepts the scientific consensus that changes in the climate are largely man made 12 and states that climate change is a global problem with grave implications environmental social economic political and for the distribution of goods It represents one of the principal challenges facing humanity in our day and warns of unprecedented destruction of ecosystems with serious consequence for all of us if prompt climate change mitigation efforts are not undertaken 1 2 The encyclical highlights the role of fossil fuels in causing climate change We know that technology based on the use of highly polluting fossil fuels especially coal but also oil and to a lesser degree gas needs to be progressively replaced without delay Francis says Until greater progress is made in developing widely accessible sources of renewable energy it is legitimate to choose the less harmful alternative or to find short term solutions 1 The encyclical s comments on climate change are consistent with the scientific consensus on climate change 13 Poverty edit The encyclical states that developed nations are morally obligated to assist developing nations in combating the climate change crisis 2 Poor nations the pontiff says are ill prepared to adapt to the effects of climate change and will bear the brunt of its effects 12 Linking the issues of poverty which has been a major issue in his papacy and the environment he insists that the world must hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor 12 He does not believe according to the editor of First Things R R Reno that for all our flaws Western societies are more democratic more egalitarian and more inclusive than any in history 10 Citing the New Zealand Bishops Conference Statement on Environmental Issues Francis asks what the commandment Thou shall not kill means when twenty percent of the world s population consumes resources at a rate that robs the poor nations and future generations of what they need to survive 1 Science and modernism edit Science and religion with their distinctive approaches to understanding reality can enter into an intense dialogue fruitful for both according to the pontiff 1 Religions including Christianity can make rich contributions towards an integral ecology and the full development of humanity 1 However the scientific and experimental method itself can be part of the problem when it decouples creation from the Creator 10 Reno critiques the encyclical writing Laudato si makes many fierce denunciations of the current global order This global order destroys the environment oppresses the multitudes and makes us blind to the beauty of creation 10 According to Reno the critiques of the scientific and technocratic present contained in the encyclical make this perhaps the most anti modern encyclical since the Syllabus of Errors Pius IX s haughty 1864 dismissal of the conceits of the modern era 10 He adds that the encyclical s tone lacks elements commonly found in the works of John Paul II and Benedict XVI that in the tradition of Gaudium et spes would have affirmed the modern world while correcting its errors 10 Technology editModern technology the dominant technocratic paradigm is seen as a key contributor to the environmental crisis and human suffering While the technocratic paradigm i e the simulation is switched on clarification needed Pope Francis points out technology is viewed as principal key to the meaning of existence and asks the world to resist the assault of the technocratic paradigm The technocratic paradigm has become so dominant that it would be difficult to do without its resources and even more difficult to utilize them without being dominated by their internal logic It has become countercultural to choose a lifestyle whose goals are even partly independent of technology Technology tends to absorb everything into its ironclad logic and those who are surrounded with technology know full well that it moves forward in the final analysis neither for profit nor for the well being of the human race 1 B P Green observes that Francis continual rejection of the technocratic paradigm in the encyclical should not confuse the reader into thinking that he rejects technological progress itself 14 Technology is not value neutral and technological developments are directed by the profit motive according to Pope Francis This is a form of institutionalized greed generally with little regard for environmental and social consequences The economy accepts every advance in technology with a view to profit without concern for its potentially negative impact on human beings 1 The encyclical warns against blind confidence in technical solutions particularly in view of the fact that the specialization which belongs to technology makes it difficult to see the large picture which can actually become a form of ignorance 1 As a result many technological solutions are nothing more than short term techno fixes attempting to remove symptoms rather than addressing the underlying environmental social economic and even moral and spiritual problems Technology which linked to business interests is presented as the only way of solving these problems in fact proves incapable of seeing the mysterious network of relations between things and so sometimes solves one problem only to create others 1 Given these significant shortcomings of technology scientific and technological progress cannot be equated with the progress of humanity and history and we are deluded by the myth of progress to believe that ecological problems will solve themselves simply with the application of new technology and without need for ethical consideration or deep change 1 A profound redefinition of progress and liberation from the dominant technocratic paradigm are needed i e we have the freedom needed to limit and direct technology we can put it at the service of another type of progress one which is healthier more human more social more integral 1 More fundamentally according to the pontiff we need to recognize that technology severed from ethics will not easily be able to limit its own power and that the most extraordinary scientific advances the most amazing technical abilities the most astonishing economic growth unless they are accompanied by authentic social and moral progress will definitively turn against man 1 Pope Francis adds that the environmental crisis can ultimately only be solved if our immense technological developments are accompanied by a development in human responsibility values and conscience 1 Other topics edit According to a New York Times summary the encyclical is sweeping in scope and is wide ranging 80 pages 45 000 words including mentions of such topics as urban planning agricultural economics and biodiversity 2 An intensified pace of social evolution in modern times leads to a phenomenon which Francis calls rapidification paragraph 18 15 The term translates the words rapidacion Spanish and rapidizzazione Italian which appear together in the Italian text of the letter 16 Celia Hammond of the University of Notre Dame Australia considers the term although new to her a perfect description of our 21st century world particularly in developed countries like Australia 17 The encyclical also gives voice to the Pope s opposition to abortion embryonic stem cell research and population control saying that respect for creation and human dignity go hand in hand 18 Since everything is interrelated Francis says concern for the protection of nature is also incompatible with the justification of abortion 19 According to the Pope we cannot genuinely teach the importance of concern for other vulnerable beings however troublesome or inconvenient they may be if we fail to protect a human embryo even when its presence is uncomfortable and creates difficulties 1 Laudato si opposes gender theory and supports valuing one s own body in its femininity or masculinity In acknowledging differences the Pope states we can joyfully accept the specific gifts of another man or woman the work of God the Creator and find mutual enrichment 18 Sources edit The encyclical has 172 footnoted citations 1 many to Francis s immediate predecessors John Paul II and Benedict XVI 2 The encyclical also draws prominently from Bartholomew I of Constantinople the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Constantinople and an ally of the pope 2 It is highly unusual to quote an Orthodox bishop in a papal document 9 More than 10 per cent of all the footnotes 21 cite documents from 16 bishops conferences around the world mostly from the global south 9 20 This is the first encyclical to cite bishops conferences 20 This was an effort experts believe to build alliances on a controversial topic 9 The encyclical also cites Thomas Aquinas the 9th century Sufi mystic Ali al Khawas 2 21 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Romano Guardini 22 History editEarly stages edit Speculation about an environmental encyclical to be issued by Pope Francis first began in November 2013 23 On 24 January 2014 the Vatican confirmed that drafting had begun Federico Lombardi the Holy See Press Office director said that the document was in its very early stages that no publication date had been set and that the encyclical would be about ecology and specifically the ecology of man 23 Cardinal Peter Turkson the president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace and his team wrote the first draft of the encyclical 24 25 The draft was later reviewed by several theologians as well and sent about three weeks before the encyclical s release to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith the second section of the Secretariat of State and the theologian of the Papal Household 25 Edits were made based on their responses 25 In drafting the encyclical the Vatican consulted with leading scientific experts for months 13 One of the experts consulted was Hans Joachim Schellnhuber the founder and head of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and chair of the German Advisory Council on Global Change 13 On 28 April 2015 in advance of the encyclical s release the Vatican hosted a one day conference on climate change featuring Turkson United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki moon who delivered the keynote address Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa and American economist Jeffrey Sachs 26 27 The title and subtitle of the encyclical were first reported on in a Twitter message by Spanish language journalist Mercedes De La Torre on 30 May 2015 28 The Vatican confirmed that the title would be Laudato si on 10 June 29 While some initial reports said the encyclical would be called Laudato Sii this was incorrect the pope chose to use the original Umbrian form and spelling of the poem with a single i 4 On 4 June the Vatican press office announced that the encyclical which was already attracting global attention for its expected discourses on Catholic theology on ecology current environmental destruction and climate change would be released on 18 June 30 Redaction editArchbishop Victor Manuel Fernandez took part in the redaction of the encyclical 31 Leak edit Four days before the encyclical s release the Italian magazine L Espresso posted a leaked draft of the document online 32 The leaked document almost exactly matched the final document 2 The leak angered Vatican officials 2 who called it a heinous act 32 and revoked the press credentials of the longtime L Espresso Vatican correspondent Sandro Magister 33 The New York Times and the Italian newspaper La Stampa both noted suggestions that the leak came from conservatives inside the Vatican who wished to embarrass the pope and hinder the rollout of the encyclical 2 33 Release edit The encyclical letter was officially released at an event in the New Synod Hall of the Vatican City 25 Speaking at the press conference were Turkson Schellnhuber and John Zizioulas the metropolitan of Pergamon representing the Orthodox Church 34 On the day of the encyclical s official release Pope Francis issued two messages about it on his official Twitter account Pontifex 24 It has been suggested that the encyclical s release was timed to influence three summits being held at the United Nations on financial aid sustainable development and climate change later in 2015 9 Reception editThe examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the English speaking world and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate July 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message After the encyclical was released the Vatican s website was briefly inaccessible as many people tried to read it 12 It has been described as one of the shrewdest documents issued by the Vatican during the past century and has revealed Francis as a wily and sophisticated politician of the first order 9 It contains according to Paul Vallely a raft of defenses against critics who dismiss it as the work of some kind of left wing maverick 9 Within Roman Catholic Church edit The Laudato Si Movement a global network of over 900 Catholic organizations and over 10 000 trained grassroots leaders known as Laudato Si Animators has played a key role in supporting the Church to receive and implement the encyclical 35 In close partnership with the Vatican Dicastery for Integral Human Development Laudato Si Movement has convened various global initiatives to raise awareness and spark action such as the annual Laudato Si Week celebration 36 the Season of Creation ecumenical celebration 37 and the film The Letter 38 The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops led by its president Joseph Edward Kurtz the archbishop of Louisville described the encyclical as our marching orders for advocacy 39 and planned briefings on the encyclical with both chambers of Congress and with the White House 40 Cardinal Sean O Malley of Boston said that the constant linkage throughout the encyclical of the dual need to respect and protect Our Common Home and the need to respect and protect the dignity and lives of the poor may be regarded as the distinctive characteristic of this powerful message of Pope Francis 41 Filipino Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle the Archbishop of Manila wrote that In Laudato si Pope Francis reminds us to replace consumption with a sense of sacrifice greed with generosity and wastefulness with a spirit of sharing We must give and not simply give up We are called to free ourselves from all that is heavy and negative and wasteful and to enter into dialogue with our global family 42 The three bishops of Northern and Central California Stephen Blaire Armando Xavier Ochoa and Jaime Soto issued a joint statement that highlighted how climate change disproportionately affects the poor The Catholic perspective is that human and natural ecology go hand in hand the trio said We are called to solidarity with the poor as well as stewardship of the Earth Our deep regard for the dignity of every person commands us to cultivate a climate of life where each of God s children thrive and join with creation in praising our Creator This is the integral ecology of which Pope Francis speaks 43 Bishop Richard Pates of Des Moines Iowa which has the first major presidential primary contest in the United States called on candidates to show courage and leadership on the issue saying With presidential candidates already visiting us regularly I encourage Catholics across our state and all people of goodwill to talk to them and ask not if but how they plan to work toward solutions to climate change 44 German Archbishop of Hamburg Stefan Hesse praised the encyclical calling it valuable momentum for a worldwide ecological reorientation He commented further saying He makes it clear that urgent issues of the future for the whole world and for all human beings have to be solved Without a radical change of mentality it will not do Thus he underlines that the problems that concern all can be solved only by all 45 46 Vaticanologist John L Allen Jr said in an analysis Laudato si seems destined to go down as a major turning point the moment when environmentalism claimed pride of place on a par with the dignity of human life and economic justice as a cornerstone of Catholic social teaching It also immediately makes the Catholic Church arguably the leading moral voice in the press to combat global warming and the consequences of climate change 47 Catholic Millennials have written widely giving their opinions of the encyclical 48 Criticism edit Samuel Gregg director of research at the libertarian Acton Institute has criticised the sheer overreach that plagues Laudato si 49 RealClearReligion editor Nicholas Hahn has said that Good Catholics can disagree on how to combat climate change and shouldn t worry about being sent to the confessional if they drive a SUV 49 This criticism comes even though Francis took care to locate his text firmly in the substantial body of teaching set out by previous popes especially John Paul II and Benedict XVI 9 In July 2015 Cardinal George Pell criticised Pope Francis s encyclical Laudato si for associating the church with the need to address climate stating 50 It s got many many interesting elements There are parts of it which are beautiful But the church has no particular expertise in science the church has got no mandate from the Lord to pronounce on scientific matters We believe in the autonomy of science From other faiths edit Three days before the encyclical was released the 14th Dalai Lama issued a Twitter message stating Since climate change and the global economy now affect us all we have to develop a sense of the oneness of humanity 4 Two days before the encyclical was released Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby head of the Anglican Communion issued a green declaration also signed by the Methodist Conference as well as representatives of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and the British Muslim Sikh and Jewish communities urging a transition to a low carbon economy and fasting and prayer for success at the December 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris 4 51 The same day the Lausanne Movement of global evangelical Christians said it was anticipating the encyclical and was grateful for it 4 The encyclical was also welcomed by the World Council of Churches and the Christian Reformed Church in North America 39 source source source source source track Pope Francis s environmental encyclical Laudato si has been welcomed by many environmental organisations of different faiths Video of interfaith march in Rome to call for climate action From world leaders edit The Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki moon welcomed the encyclical in a statement on the day it was released 39 52 Kofi Annan the former UN secretary general and current chair of the Africa Progress Panel also issued a statement in support of the encyclical stating As Pope Francis reaffirms climate change is an all encompassing threat I applaud the Pope for his strong moral and ethical leadership We need more of such inspired leadership Will we see it at the climate summit in Paris 53 Christiana Figueres the executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change said Pope Francis is personally committed to this issue like no other pope before him I do think the encyclical is going to have a major impact It will speak to the moral imperative of addressing climate change in a timely fashion in order to protect the most vulnerable 54 On the same day Jim Yong Kim the president of the World Bank Group also praised the encyclical 39 From the scientific community edit Science historian Naomi Oreskes observes that Laudato si insists we embrace the moral dimensions of problems that have heretofore been viewed primarily as scientific technological and economic 55 56 The encyclical gave a boost to the fossil fuel divestment movement 57 Hans Joachim Schellnhuber the founding director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK and chair of the German Advisory Council on Global Change who advised the Vatican on the drafting of the encyclical said that the science of Laudato si is watertight and gave the pontiff an A for command of the subject 34 An editorial in Nature praised the encyclical for its statements about sustainability and global poverty and the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources The papal calls to end poverty and share the world s ecological space in a fair way are objectives that mirror the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to be released in September The Pope s letter adds an important facet to the discussion it is not merely conceivable to secure a sound future for human civilization without relying on coal oil and gas it is a prerequisite 58 However it criticised Francis for ignoring important issues like family planning and birth control Alas he remained silent on issues of contraception With a world population heading towards a possible 10 billion the importance of family planning is clear The Vatican has been brave on climate change If it is serious about the fate of the planet and the welfare of its inhabitants then it must be braver still on the issue of contraception 58 A review by nine climate scientists under the Climate Feedback project concluded the encyclical rather accurately depicts the current reality of climate change and fairly represents the present concerns raised by the scientific community 59 Nicholas Stern chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and author of an influential report on climate change stated that The publication of the Pope s encyclical is of enormous significance He has shown great wisdom and leadership Pope Francis is surely absolutely right that climate change raises vital moral and ethical issues Moral leadership on climate change from the Pope is particularly important because of the failure of many heads of state and government around the world to show political leadership 39 Leading ecological economist and steady state theorist Herman Daly praised the Pope s encyclical on the grounds that it unifies the main divisions of Christianity on at least the fundamental recognition that we have a shamefully neglected duty to care for the Earth out of which we evolved and to share the Earth s life support more equitably with each other with the future and with other creatures Daly even believes that the Pope skates fairly close to the idea of steady state economics although the important issues of population stabilization responsible family planning and contraception were conspicuously near absent in the encyclical 60 Impact on the United States political system edit Stephen F Schneck the director of Institute for Policy Research amp Catholic Studies at The Catholic University of America has said that Something s going to come out of this and it s definitely going to have an impact on public policy in the US 49 However Kathy Saile the former long time director of the US bishops office for domestic social justice does not believe that it will spark a climate change bill but someday when negotiations are happening on a bill or a treaty these kinds of moral teachings could have an influence 49 Nonetheless she added Pope Francis s tone his honesty how he talks about mercy and care for the poor and his genuine desire to be a bridge could influence political culture in Washington If he could change the tone of the debate that would be an amazing gift Miami Archbishop Thomas Wenski chairman of the US bishops committee on domestic peace and justice wrote a letter to Congress letting them know that The U S bishops stand united with the Holy Father in his call to protect creation 49 He also asked them to resist any effort to impair the development of a national carbon standard and instead to support our nation s ability to address this urgent global challenge confronting the human family 49 Schneck opined that This is different than the normal letters that the USCCB sends over all the time on a variety of issues It really transcends the fault lines of both US politics and politics around the world 49 Cornell anthropologists Annelise Riles and Vincent Ialenti told NPR org We find Laudato Si important because it defies the United States political imagination at every turn In some moments the pope reads like an archconservative in other moments an archliberal Sometimes he defers to scientists other times he quotes scripture and still other times he criticizes the very foundations of economics Mixing together ideas many see as incompatible he forces us to think 61 The New York Times reported that the encyclical put pressure on Catholics seeking the Republican Party nomination for president of the United States in 2016 including Jeb Bush Marco Rubio and Rick Santorum who have questioned or denied the established science of human caused climate change and have harshly criticized policies designed to tax or regulate the burning of fossil fuels 62 Jeb Bush said I hope I m not going to get castigated for saying this by my priest back home but I don t get economic policy from my bishops or my cardinal or my pope 63 Neoconservative critique and counterarguments edit Neoconservative circles in the United States have criticised the encyclical right from its publication in Rome sometimes in very harsh terms 64 Writing in the Weekly Standard Irwin M Stelzer has argued that Pope Francis is unambiguously opposed to the American system of savage capitalism He has famously quoted a fourth century Doctor of the Church St Basil of Caesarea who called money the devil s dung has railed against the anonymous influences of mammon and a new colonialism that includes free trade treaties and imposition of austerity and stated a preference for cooperatives Throw in Francis views that we are witnessing a disturbing warming of the climatic system due to the great concentration of greenhouse gasses and that there is an urgent need of a true world political authority and you have positions that it will take more than a spoonful of the Pontiff s charm to make go down the throats of many Americans 65 From industry edit A lobbyist of Arch Coal sent an email to Republican lawmakers stating the pope does not appear to address the tragedy of global energy poverty The lobbyist argued the church should promote fossil fuels instead if he really cared about the poor 63 The email suggested talking points to the legislators for defending the coal industry and rejecting the arguments of the pope The lobbyist wrote Billions of people around the globe are living without electrification and suffering through untold poverty and disease as a result In contrast to these arguments the encyclical argues that fossil fuels in general and coal in particular threaten the poor Fossil fuels are a threat to prosperity for the poor They would suffer even more in particular from sea level rise droughts warming and extreme weather caused by burning fossil fuels 66 In June 2019 in a meeting at the Vatican which climatologist Hans Joachim Schellnhuber described as one of the most significant of his 30 year career Francis convinced big oil CEOs to alter their message on climate change These included CEOs of ExxonMobil BP Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron who pledged to avert what Francis called a climate emergency that risks perpetrating a brutal act of injustice towards the poor and future generations Francis stressed the need for a radical energy transition to save our common home They pledged to advance the energy transition while minimizing the costs to vulnerable communities 67 68 From other groups edit Bill McKibben reviewed the encyclical in The New York Review of Books 69 and later called it the most important document yet of this millennium 70 The LGBT interest magazine The Advocate noted that the encyclical contains passages which reinforce the church s position against the transsexuality movement calling for the acceptance of our bodies as God s gift 71 Pankaj Mishra wrote that the encyclical was Arguably the most important piece of intellectual criticism in our time 72 In 2019 the journal Biological Conservation published research 73 by Malcolm McCallum showing evidence of widespread sustained growth in interest in the environment in many countries around the world 74 In film editThe 2022 documentary film The Letter A Message for our Earth presented by YouTube Originals tells the story of the Laudato Si encyclical 75 The film was produced by Oscar winning Off The Fence Productions and directed by Nicolas Brown in partnership with the Laudato Si Movement 76 Following its global premiere in Vatican City on 4 October 2022 the film was an instant success amassing over 7 million views in its first two weeks with the support of celebrities such as Leonardo DiCaprio and Arnold Schwarzenegger 77 In music editOn behalf of the Diocese of Limburg Peter Reulein wrote the music for the oratorio Laudato si a Franciscan Magnificat to the libretto by Helmut Schlegel 78 This work is based on the Latin version of the Magnificat corresponds to the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy and includes texts from the apostolic exhortation Evangelii gaudium and the encyclical Laudato si The premiere of the oratorio took place in the Limburg Cathedral on 6 November 2016 79 Laudato Si Movement editWith the encyclical s publication in 2015 the Laudato Si Movement was founded to bring together Catholics interested in promoting its message 80 In 2022 the Laudato Si Movement consisted of 967 member organizations 11539 Laudato Si Animators 204 Laudato Si Circles and 58 National Chapters around the globe On 4 October 2021 the Vatican Dicastery for Integral Development launched the Laudato Si Action Platform in collaboration with the Laudato Si Movement and many other Catholic institutions 81 On 4 Oct 2022 was the premiere of the film The Letter A Message for our Earth by award winning documentary filmmaker Nicolas Brown and the production team Off The Fence Oscar winners for My Octopus Teacher in collaboration with Laudato Si Movement and the Vatican 82 Laudato Si and Laudate Deum editMain article Laudate DeumThe apostolic exhortation Laudate Deum considered a text in continuity with Laudato si was published on 4 October 2023 Frances notes thatEight years have passed since I published the Encyclical Letter Laudato Si when I wanted to share with all of you my brothers and sisters of our suffering planet my heartfelt concerns about the care of our common home Yet with the passage of time I have realized that our responses have not been adequate while the world in which we live is collapsing and may be nearing the breaking point LD 2 The Pope aims to clarify and bring to completion his ideas on integral ecology while at the same time sounding an alarm and a call for co responsibility in the face of the climate emergency Journalists Jason Horowitz and Elisabetta Povoledo stated that eight years after his landmark letter on humanity s obligation to protect the environment Francis warns that there is still a lot to be done and quickly 83 In particular the Exhortation mentions the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference being held in Dubai at the end of November and beginning of December in 2023 He urged governments to make the conference a turning point in the urgent fight against the climate crisis 84 Although Laudato si had a transversal and very profound impact within and outside the Catholic Church according to Paolo Conversi the coordinator of the Laudato Si Observatory an interdisciplinary group at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome Laudate Deum serves as proof that Francis feels his message has not been enough heard 83 What is being asked of us is nothing other than a certain responsibility for the legacy we will leave behind Francis states once we pass from this world 83 See also editLaudato Si Movement The Letter A Message for our Earth 2022 Climate change and poverty Ecotheology Saints and animal plant life Synod of Bishops for the Pan Amazon region Stewardship theology Laudate Deum 2023 References edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Encyclical Letter Laudato Si Of The Holy Father Francis on Care For Our Common Home official English language text of encyclical Retrieved 18 June 2015 a b c d e f g h i j k l Yardley Jim Goodstein Laurie 18 June 2015 Pope Francis in Sweeping Encyclical Calls for Swift Action on Climate Change The New York Times Rocca Francis X 18 June 2015 Pope Delivers Strong Message on Climate Change in Encyclical Laudato Si The Wall Street Journal The languages were Arabic English French German Italian Polish Portuguese and Spanish a b c d e f San Martin Ines 17 June 2015 Laudato Si will be an encyclical for the ages Crux Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 Rocca Francis X Nakrosis Stephen 18 June 2015 5 Things to Know About Pope Francis Encyclical Laudato Si The Wall Street Journal Avviso di Conferenza Stampa 10 June 2015 Vatican Bulletin 10 June 2015 a b Longenecker Dwight 24 June 2015 Can a good Catholic dissent from Laudato Si Crux Retrieved 25 June 2015 a b c d e On Care for Our Common Home Laudato Si Pamphlet PDF Our Sunday Visitor 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 a b c d e f g h i j k Vallely Paul 28 June 2015 The Pope s Ecological Vow The New York Times Retrieved 29 June 2015 a b c d e f g h Reno R R 18 June 2015 The Return of Catholic Anti Modernism Retrieved 30 June 2015 a b Pepinster Catherine 2020 Church should be bolder on environment The Tablet a b c d Allen John L Jr 19 June 2015 Pope s eco manifesto looks like a game changer in the US Crux Archived from the original on 19 June 2015 Retrieved 19 June 2015 a b c Gillis Justin 18 June 2015 Pope Francis Aligns Himself With Mainstream Science on Climate The New York Times Green B P The Catholic Church and Technological Progress Past Present and Future Religions 2017 8 6 special issue on Religion and the New Technologies accessed 11 September 2023 Camille A L What does Pope Francis mean by rapidification published 12 September 2017 accessed 10 June 2023 Pope Francis Laudato si in Italian paragraph 18 published 24 May 2015 accessed 10 August 2023 Hammond C From the Vice Chancellor InPrincipio Vol 28 March 2016 p 3 accessed 8 August 2023 a b Pope Francis blasts abortion population control in new encyclical Catholic News Agency 18 June 2015 Buchanan Rose Troup 18 June 2015 Pope Francis links saving the planet to ending abortion The Independent a b Allen John L Jr 20 June 2015 The encyclical s footnotes say a lot about this pope Crux Archived from the original on 21 June 2015 Retrieved 21 June 2015 Aisha Bhoori Meet the Muslim Mystic Pope Francis Cited in His Encyclical TIME Retrieved 19 June 2015 Faggioli Massimo 18 June 2015 Global Warning Pope Francis s Environmental Encyclical Commonweal Retrieved 18 June 2015 a b Roewe Brian 24 January 2014 Papal encyclical on environment in process National Catholic Reporter permanent dead link a b Kaleem Jaweed 18 June 2015 Pope Francis Releases Laudato Si Encyclical and Lays Out Moral Case for Addressing Climate Change Huffington Post a b c d Cardinal Turkson Laudato si inspired by St Francis of Assisi Vatican Radio 18 June 2015 Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 Gibson David 15 April 2015 Pope Francis throws the weight of his office behind tackling climate change Religion News Service Kirchgaessner Stephanie 28 April 2015 Vatican official calls for moral awakening on global warming The Guardian McElwee Joshua J 30 May 2015 Report Francis environmental encyclical titled Laudato Sii Praised Be National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on 15 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 McElwee Joshua J 10 June 2015 Vatican confirms title of environmental encyclical Laudato Si National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 McElwee Joshua J 4 June 2015 Francis encyclical on the environment to be released 18 June National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 San Martin Ines 5 October 2020 Pope Francis doesn t propose welfarism says close papal advisor Crux Retrieved 7 October 2020 a b Koffler Jacob 15 June 2015 Pope Francis Climate Change Encyclical Leaked Four Days Early by Italian Magazine Time a b Winfield Nicole 16 June 2015 Pope Francis Encyclical Leaked Now Fallout Begins U S News amp World Report Associated Press a b San Martin Ines 18 June 2015 Expert calls the science behind the papal encyclical watertight Crux Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 Landing LSM Laudato Si Movement Retrieved 23 November 2023 Laudato Si Week 2023 Hope for the Earth Hope for humanity Laudato Si Week Retrieved 23 November 2023 Season of Creation Season of Creation Retrieved 23 November 2023 Home The Letter Retrieved 23 November 2023 a b c d e Vaughan Adam 18 June 2015 The Pope s encyclical on climate change live reaction and analysis Cama Timothy 18 June 2015 Catholic bishops to meet with Congress White House on climate change The Hill Retrieved 18 June 2015 Statement of Cardinal Sean O Malley on Laudato Si Archdiocese of Boston 18 June 2015 Retrieved 14 July 2015 Cardinal Tagle writes Caritas a letter on Laudato Si Vatican Radio 16 July 2015 Retrieved 7 August 2015 Blaire Stephen E Ochoa Armando Xavier Soto Jaime 24 June 2015 Climate change is a moral issue Sacramento Bee Retrieved 14 July 2015 Pates Richard 2 July 2015 Candidates should show honesty courage on climate change Des Moines Register Retrieved 14 July 2015 Erzbischof wurdigt Umwelt Enzyklika des Papstes Archbishop commends environmental papal encyclical Erzbistum Hamburg in German 18 June 2015 Retrieved 11 March 2016 de Vries Mark 19 June 2015 Bishops react to Laudato si In Caelo et in Terra Retrieved 11 March 2016 Allen John L Jr 18 June 2015 If Laudato Si is an earthquake it had plenty of early tremors Crux Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 Millennial Catholics on Pope Francis Laudato Si Praised Be Millennial 22 June 2015 Retrieved 26 June 2015 a b c d e f g O Loughlin Michael 25 June 2015 Pope Francis has spoken on the environment Will the US Congress listen Retrieved 26 June 2015 Scammell Rosie 17 July 2015 Cardinal Pell on environmental encyclical Church has no particular expertise in science America Religion News Service Retrieved 27 February 2019 Archbishop joins faith leaders calling for action on climate change Archbishop of Canterbury 17 June 2015 Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary General on the Papal Encyclical by His Holiness Pope Francis New York 18 June 2015 Retrieved 18 June 2015 Kofi Annan s Statement in Support of the Encyclical on Climate Change by His Holiness Pope Francis Press release 18 June 2015 Vidal John 13 June 2015 Explosive intervention by Pope Francis set to transform climate change debate The Guardian Retrieved 18 June 2015 Heald seth 2016 The Pope s Climate Message in the United States Moral Arguments and Moral Disengagement Environment Taylor amp Francis 58 May June 2016 4 Bibcode 2016ESPSD 58c 4H doi 10 1080 00139157 2016 1161995 S2CID 147925368 Retrieved 8 September 2016 Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality On Care for Our Common Home P Francis introduction by Naomi Oreskes Brooklyn NY Melville House 2015 ISBN 978 1 612 19528 5 Schwartz John 18 June 2015 Papal Encyclical Heartens Proponents of Fossil Fuel Divestment The New York Times Retrieved 18 June 2015 a b Hope from the Pope Nature 522 7557 391 2015 Bibcode 2015Natur 522Q 391 doi 10 1038 522391a PMID 26108813 Analysis of Pope Francis Encyclical Laudato Si 22 June 2015 Herman E Daly 23 June 2015 Thoughts on Pope Francis Laudato Si Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy Excited About The Pope s Visit Read Laudato Si Cosmos amp Culture NPR org 26 September 2015 Davenport Caral 16 June 2015 Pope s Views on Climate Change Add Pressure to Catholic Candidates The New York Times Retrieved 18 June 2015 a b Jeb Bush joins Republican backlash against pope on climate change The Guardian 17 June 2015 M Nicolas J Firzli Climate Change Renewed Sense of Urgency in Washington and Beijing Revue Analyse Financiere Q3 2015 Issue N 56 Irwin M Stelzer Francis in the Land of Savage Capitalism Weekly Standard The Blog Sept 12 2015 Online issue Climate Deniers Say Nope to Red Pope The New Republic 17 June 2015 Pope Francis Got These Big Oil CEOs to Fight Global Warming Fortune Retrieved 24 September 2019 Kell Georg Pope Francis in Dialogue With Big Oil And Investors Forbes Retrieved 24 September 2019 McKibben Bill 13 August 2015 The Pope and the Planet The New York Review of Books Author Bill McKibben Paris agreement architect Christiana Figueres congratulate Laudato Si Movement Laudato Si Movement 18 August 2021 Retrieved 23 November 2023 Ring Trudy 18 June 2015 Is the Pope s Environmental Encyclical Anti transgender The Advocate Pankaj Mishra 2017 Age of Anger Penguin Books pp 327 372 ISBN 9780141984087 McCallum Malcolm 2019 Global country by country response of public interest in the environment to the papal encyclical Laudato Si Biological Conservation 135 209 225 doi 10 1016 j biocon 2019 04 010 S2CID 181819204 Cannon John 21 May 2019 Interest in protecting environment up since Pope s 2015 encyclical Mongabay Retrieved 23 May 2019 Home The Letter Retrieved 23 November 2023 Vivarelli Nick 4 October 2022 Pope Francis YouTube Doc The Letter A Message For Our Earth Launches From Vatican City Trailer Variety Retrieved 23 November 2023 https twitter com LeoDiCaprio status 1578504725355409408 accessed 10 October 2022 Reulein Peter Schlegel Helmut 2016 Laudato si Ein franziskanisches Magnificat Limburg an der Lahn Dehm Verlag p 230 ISBN 978 3 943302 34 9 ISMN 979 0 50226 047 7 Festkonzert zum Jubilaum des Referates Kirchenmusik Laudato si Oratorium von Peter Reulein Urauffuhrung in German Liebfrauen Frankfurt 2016 Archived from the original on 19 October 2016 Retrieved 25 December 2016 Who we are Laudato Si Movement Retrieved 23 November 2023 Laudato Si Action Program accessed Oct 11 2022 Laudato si Film with Pope Francis Vatican News 5 October 2022 a b c Horowitz Jason Povoledo Elisabetta 4 October 2023 Francis Issues Urgent Call to Save a Planet Near the Breaking Point The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 29 November 2023 Harvey Fiona 4 October 2023 Pope urges rich world to make profound changes to tackle climate crisis The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 29 November 2023 Further reading editAnnett Anthony Jeffrey Sachs and William Vendley 2017 The Significance of Laudato si Mahwah NJ Paulist Press Ecological consciousness edit Devall Bill and George Sessions 2001 Deep Ecology Living as if Nature Mattered Gibbs Smith ISBN 0879052473 267 pp Frank Pasquale ed 2019 Care for the World Laudato Si and Catholic Social Thought in an Era of Climate Crisis Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press Sessions George 1995 Deep Ecology for the Twenty First Century Shambala Press ISBN 1570620490 520 pp Global climate change edit United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 2001 Global Climate Change A Plea for Dialogue Prudence and the Common Good Technocratic paradigm edit Barbour Ian G 1980 Technology Environment and Human Values Praeger ISBN 0275914836 342 pp Huesemann Michael H and Joyce A Huesemann 2011 Technofix Why Technology Won t Save Us or the Environment New Society Publishers Gabriola Island British Columbia Canada ISBN 0865717044 464 pp Mander Jerry 1992 In the Absence of the Sacred Sierra Club Books ISBN 0871565099 458 pp External links editLaudato si in English official text of the encyclical from the official website of the Holy See Full text of the encyclical in other languages from the official website of the Holy See Laudato si The Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development The Laudato si Website Video of the presentation of the encyclical from the Vatican Television Center Vatican Radio s official YouTube channel Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Laudato si 27 amp oldid 1188254953, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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