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Wikipedia

Jeffrey Sachs

Jeffrey David Sachs (/sæks/ SAKS; born November 5, 1954)[4] is an American economist and public policy analyst, professor at Columbia University,[5][6] where he was former director of The Earth Institute. He is known for his work on sustainable development, economic development, and the fight to end poverty.[7]

Jeffrey Sachs
Sachs in 2019
Born
Jeffrey David Sachs

(1954-11-05) November 5, 1954 (age 69)
SpouseSonia Ehrlich Sachs
Children3
Academic career
InstitutionColumbia University
Field
School or
tradition
Keynesian economics[1]
Alma materHarvard University (BA, MA, PhD)
Doctoral
advisor
Martin Feldstein[2]
Doctoral
students
ContributionsMillennium Villages Project
Websitejeffsachs.org

Sachs is Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University and President of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network.[8] He is an SDG Advocate for United Nations (UN) Secretary-General António Guterres on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of 17 global goals adopted at a UN summit meeting in September 2015.

From 2001 to 2018, Sachs served as Special Advisor to the UN Secretary General, and held the same position under the previous UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and prior to 2016 a similar advisory position related to the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),[9] eight internationally sanctioned objectives to reduce extreme poverty, hunger and disease by 2015. In connection with the MDGs, he had first been appointed special adviser to the UN Secretary-General in 2002 during the term of Kofi Annan.[9][10]

Sachs is co-founder and chief strategist of Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending extreme poverty and hunger that has come under scrutiny from critics[11] and was the subject of a book by the journalist Nina Munk. From 2002 to 2006, he was director of the United Nations Millennium Project's work on the MDGs. He is co-editor of the World Happiness Report with John F. Helliwell and Richard Layard. In 2010, he became a commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, whose stated aim is to boost the importance of broadband internet in international policy.[12] Sachs has written several books and received several awards. He has been criticized for his views on economics and on the origin of COVID-19.

Early life and education edit

Sachs was raised in Oak Park, Michigan, in the Detroit metro area, and is the son of Joan (née Abrams) and Theodore Sachs, a labor lawyer.[13] His family is Jewish.[14] He graduated from Oak Park High School and attended Harvard College, where he received his Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude, in 1976.[15] He went on to receive his M.A. and Ph.D. in economics from Harvard with his thesis titled Factor Costs and Macroeconomic Adjustment in the Open Economy: Theory and Evidence,[16] and was invited to join the Harvard Society of Fellows while still a Harvard graduate student.[17]

Academic career edit

Harvard University edit

In 1980, Sachs joined the Harvard faculty as an assistant professor, and was promoted to associate professor in 1982. A year later at the age of 28, he became a professor of economics with tenure at Harvard.[18]

During the next 19 years at Harvard, Sachs became the Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade,[19] director of the Harvard Institute for International Development (1995–1999) and director of the Center for International Development at Harvard Kennedy School (1999–2002).[20]

Columbia University edit

Sachs is the Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University. He is University Professor at Columbia University. From 2002 to 2016, Sachs served as director of the Earth Institute of Columbia University,[9][15][21] a university-wide organization, with an interdisciplinary approach to addressing complex issues facing the Earth, in support of sustainable development.[22] Sachs's classes are taught at the School of International and Public Affairs and the Mailman School of Public Health, and his course "Challenges of Sustainable Development" is taught at the undergraduate level.[23]

Scholarship, consulting, and activism edit

Sachs has advised several countries on economic policy.[24][25]

Bolivia edit

When Bolivia was shifting from a dictatorship to a democracy through national elections in 1985, Sachs was invited by the party of Bolivian dictator Hugo Banzer to advise him on an anti-inflation economic plan to implement once he was voted to office. This stabilization plan centered on price deregulation, particularly for oil, along with cuts to the national budget. Sachs stated that his plan could end Bolivian hyperinflation, which had reached up to 14,000%, in a single day.[26][non-primary source needed] Although Banzer ultimately lost the election to the party of former elected president and traditionally developmentalist Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Sachs's plan was still implemented through plans that excluded most of Paz's cabinet. Inflation quickly stabilized in Bolivia.[27][28]

Sachs' suggestion for reducing inflation was to apply fiscal and monetary discipline[clarification needed] and end economic regulation that protected the elites[clarification needed] and blocked the free market[clarification needed]. Hyperinflation reduced within weeks of the Bolivian government instituting his suggestions and the government settled its $3.3 billion debt to international lenders for about 11 cents on the dollar. At the time, this was about 85% of Bolivia's GDP.[29][30]

Advising in post-communist economies edit

Sachs has worked as an economic adviser to governments in Latin America, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. A practice trained macroeconomist, he advised a number of national governments in the transition from Marxism–Leninism or developmentalism to market economies.[citation needed]

In 1989, Sachs advised Poland's anticommunist Solidarity movement and the government of Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki. He wrote a comprehensive plan for the transition from central planning to a market economy which became incorporated into Poland's reform program led by Finance Minister Leszek Balcerowicz. Sachs was the main architect of Poland's debt reduction operation. Sachs and IMF economist David Lipton advised the rapid conversion of all property and assets from public to private ownership. Closure of many uncompetitive factories ensued.[31] In Poland, Sachs was firmly on the side of rapid transition to capitalism. At first, he proposed American-style corporate structures, with professional managers answering to many shareholders and a large economic role for stock markets. That did not bode well with the Polish authorities, but he then proposed that large blocks of the shares of privatized companies be placed in the hands of private banks.[32] As a result, there were some economic shortages and inflation, but prices in Poland eventually stabilized.[33][third-party source needed] The government of Poland awarded Sachs with one of its highest honors in 1999, the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit.[34] He also received an honorary doctorate from the Kraków University of Economics.[19]

Sachs's ideas and methods of transition from central planning were adopted throughout the transition economies. He advised Slovenia in 1991 and Estonia in 1992 on the introduction of new stable and convertible currencies.[citation needed] Based on Poland's success, his advice was sought first by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and by his successor, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, on the transition of the USSR/Russia to a market economy.[35] He served as adviser to Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar and Finance Minister Boris Federov during 1991–1993 on macroeconomic policies.[citation needed] Sachs' methods for stabilizing economies became known as shock therapy and were similar to successful approaches used in Germany after the two world wars.[29] However, he faced criticism for his role after the Russian economy faced signficicant struggles after adopting the market-based shock therapy in the early 1990s.[36][37][38]

Work on global economic development edit

Since his work in post-communist countries, Sachs has turned to global issues of economic development, poverty alleviation, health and aid policy and environmental sustainability. He has written extensively on climate change, disease control and globalization. Since 1995, he has been engaged in efforts to alleviate poverty in Africa.[citation needed] According to New York Magazine,

Sachs’s ambitions are hard to overstate... “His ultimate goal is to change the world — to ‘bend history,’ as he once said, quoting Robert F. Kennedy,” wrote Nina Munk in The Idealist, a biography of Sachs. By the early aughts, he had risen from wonky academic to celebrity public intellectual. According to Munk, people in Sachs’s inner circle affectionately called him a “shit disturber,” someone whose ego was offset by a selfless genius and a penchant for challenging orthodoxies. “There’s a certain messianic quality about him,” George Soros, one of his patrons, told Munk.[39]

 
Sachs at a UN meeting in 2009

In his 2005 work The End of Poverty, which had a foreword by Bono,[39] Sachs wrote that "Africa's governance is poor because Africa is poor". According to Sachs, with the right policies and key interventions, extreme poverty—defined as living on less than $1 a day—can be eradicated within 20 years. India and China serve as examples, with the latter lifting 300 million people out of extreme poverty during the last two decades. Sachs has said that a key element to accomplishing this is raising aid from $65 billion in 2002 to $195 billion a year by 2015. He emphasizes the role of geography and climate as much of Africa is landlocked and disease-prone. However, he stresses that these problems can be overcome.[40][third-party source needed]

Sachs suggests that with improved seeds, irrigation and fertilizer, the crop yields in Africa and other places with subsistence farming can be increased from 1 ton per hectare to 3 to 5 tons per hectare. He reasons that increased harvests would significantly increase the income of subsistence farmers, thereby reducing poverty. Sachs does not believe that increased aid is the only solution. He also supports establishing credit and microloan programs which are often lacking in impoverished areas.[41] Sachs advocates the distribution of free insecticide-treated bed nets to combat malaria. The economic impact of malaria has been estimated to cost Africa $12 billion per year. Sachs estimates that malaria can be controlled for $3 billion per year, therefore suggesting that anti-malaria projects would be an economically justified investment.[42]

The Millennium Villages Project (MVP) which he directs operates in more than a dozen African countries and covers more than 500,000 people. The MVP has created controversy because critics have questioned both the design of the project and claims made for its success. In 2012, The Economist reviewed the project and concluded "the evidence does not yet support the claim that the millennium villages project is making a decisive impact".[43] Critics have pointed to the failure to include suitable controls that would allow an accurate determination of whether the MVP methods were responsible for any observed gains in economic development. A 2012 Lancet paper claiming a three-fold increase in the rate of decline in childhood mortality was criticized for flawed methodology and the authors later admitted that the claim was "unwarranted and misleading".[44] In her 2013 book, The Idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty, journalist Nina Munk concluded that the MVP was a failure.[45]

Following the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, Sachs chaired the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2000–2001) which played a pivotal role in scaling up the financing of health care and disease control in the low-income countries to support MDGs 4, 5 and 6. He worked with UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 2000–2001 to design and launch The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.[46] He also worked with senior officials of the George W. Bush administration to develop the PEPFAR program to fight HIV/AIDS and the PMI to fight malaria. On behalf of Annan, from 2002 to 2006 he chaired the UN Millennium Project which was tasked with developing a concrete action plan to achieve the MDGs. The UN General Assembly adopted the key recommendations of the UN Millennium Project at a special session in September 2005.

Previously a special adviser to secretary-general António Guterres,[9][10] Sachs is an advocate for the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals which build upon and supersede the MDGs.[citation needed]

 
Sachs in 2015

In his capacity as a special adviser at the UN, Sachs has frequently met with foreign dignitaries and heads of state. He was photographed with Matt Damon and developed a friendship with international celebrities Bono and Angelina Jolie, who traveled to Africa with Sachs to witness the progress of the Millennium Villages.[47][39]

Sachs has criticized the International Monetary Fund and its policies around the world and blamed international bankers for what he says is a pattern of ineffective investment strategies.[48][non-primary source needed]

During the Greek government-debt crisis in July 2015, Sachs, Heiner Flassbeck, Thomas Piketty, Dani Rodrik and Simon Wren-Lewis, published an open letter to the Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel, regarding Greek debt.[49]

Sachs is one of the founders of the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project.[50]

Views and commentary edit

Nuclear power edit

In 2012 Sachs claimed that nuclear power is the only solution to climate change, but he has since revised his opinion, suggesting in 2021 that carbon neutrality could be achieved without the use of nuclear power.[51][52]

China edit

Sachs is a "long-time advocate of dismantling American hegemony and embracing the rise of China."[53] He believes the term "genocide" is mistaken in relation to the repression of the Uyghurs in China.[24] He has argued for closer relations between the US and China and warned of the danger of tensions between them.[54][55]

Syria edit

In April 2018, he supported President Donald Trump's view that the United States should come out of Syria "very soon", adding: "It's long past time for the United States to end its destructive military engagement in Syria and across the Middle East, though the security state seems unlikely to let this happen".[56][57]

Venezuela edit

A 2019 report authored by Sachs and Mark Weisbrot, published by the Center for Economic and Policy Research, claimed that a 31% rise in the number of deaths between 2017 and 2018 was due to the sanctions imposed on Venezuela in 2017 and that 40,000 people in Venezuela may have died as a result.[58] The report states: "The sanctions are depriving Venezuelans of lifesaving medicines, medical equipment, food, and other essential imports."[58] Weisbrot stated that the authors "could not prove those excess deaths were the result of sanctions, but said the increase ran parallel to the imposition of the measures and an attendant fall in oil production."[58]

A United States Department of State spokesperson commented that "as the writers themselves concede, the report is based on speculation and conjecture."[58] Harvard economist Ricardo Hausmann asserts that the analysis is flawed because it makes invalid assumptions about Venezuela based on a different country like Colombia, saying that "taking what happened in Colombia since 2017 as a counterfactual for what would have happened in Venezuela if there had been no financial sanctions makes no sense." Calling it "sloppy reasoning", the authors also state that the analysis failed to rule out other explanations and failed to correctly account for PDVSA finances.[59]

COVID-19 edit

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Sachs vocally rejected the COVID-19 lab leak theory (a version of which was being supported by President Donald Trump), which posited the SARS-CoV-2 virus was released from a Chinese laboratory, denouncing it as "reckless and dangerous" and arguing that right-wing politicians pointing fingers at the Wuhan Institute of Virology could "push the world to conflict... Neither the biology nor chronology support the laboratory-release story."[39]

In spring 2020, Richard Horton, editor of The Lancet, appointed Sachs as chair of its COVID-19 Commission, whose goals were to provide recommendations for public health policy and improve the practice of medicine.[60][61][62] Sachs set up a number of task forces, including one on the origins of the virus. Sachs appointed British American disease ecologist Peter Daszak, a colleague of Sachs' at Columbia, to head this task force, two weeks after the Trump administration prematurely ended a federal grant supporting a project led by Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, which worked with the Wuhan Institute of Virology.[39] This appointment was criticized as creating a conflict of interest, for instance by Richard Ebright, chemical biologist at Rutgers University, who called the commission an "entirely Potemkin commission" in the National Review. However, as Sachs became increasingly drawn to the lab leak theory, he came into conflict with Daszak and his task force, forcing his resignation in summer 2021 and disbanding the group in September that year.[39]

In May 2022, alongside his colleague, Neil L. Harrison, Sachs wrote an article calling for an independent inquiry into the origin of COVID-19. Their primary concern stems from the presence of a furin cleavage site in the amino acid sequence of the coronavirus spike protein, identical to the one found in the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC-α).[63] This prompted several responses from virologist Robert Garry who pointed out that:[64]

  • The number of inserted nucleotides depends on the sequence compared against and the sequence alignment used. The closest known spike protein has 12 inserted nucleotides while the sequence mentioned by Harrison and Sachs has 24 inserted nucleuotides.
  • The insertion point introduces a frameshift mutation which could drastically affect translation process and is an "unusual and needlessly complex feat of genetic engineering"
  • The insertion adds a codon for proline not originally found in ENaC, which could drastically affect the eventual protein structure
  • The genetic sequence inserted is almost completely different from that used in human ENaC cells, (but codes for the same amino acid sequence since differences are all cases of synonymous substitution)
  • Portions of the amino acid sequence deemed suspicious also appear in the spike regions of other coronaviruses

In July 2022, Sachs said he was "pretty convinced," though "not sure" that COVID-19 came out of "US lab biotechnology," which is considered by the European Union to be COVID-19 disinformation by China. While Sachs has leanings toward the possibility of a virus leak from a "U.S.-backed laboratory research program," he has stated that "A natural spillover is also possible, of course. Both hypotheses are viable at this stage."[65]

In August 2022, Sachs gave an hour-long interview on the podcast of anti-vaccine conspiracy theorist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. where he criticized Daszak and accused officials such as Anthony Fauci of "not being honest" about the origins of COVID.[66]

In September 2022, the Lancet commission published a wide-ranging report on the pandemic, including commentary on the virus origin overseen by Sachs. The report suggested that the virus may have originated from an American laboratory.[67] Virologists reacting to this, including Angela Rasmussen, commented that the release may have been "one of The Lancet's most shameful moments regarding its role as a steward and leader in communicating crucial findings about science and medicine."[68] Virologist David Robertson said the suggestion of US laboratory involvement was "wild speculation" and that "it's really disappointing to see such a potentially influential report contributing to further misinformation on such an important topic."[68]

War in Ukraine edit

 
At MCC Budapest Peace Forum 2023

In May 2022, Sachs said that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 would be hard to beat and that Finland's moves to join NATO would undermine a negotiated peace: "All of this talk of defeating Russia, to my mind, is reckless."[69] In June 2022, he co-signed an open letter calling for a "ceasefire" in the war, questioning Western countries' continuing military support for Ukraine.[70]

In 2022, he appeared twice on one of the top-rated shows funded by the Russian government, hosted by Vladimir Solovyov, to call for Ukraine to negotiate and step away from its "maximalist demands" of removing Russia from Ukrainian territory.[71]

Sachs has suggested that the U.S. was responsible for the sabotage of the Nord Stream pipeline. In February 2023, he was invited by the Russian government to address the United Nations Security Council about the topic.[72][24]

Critical reception edit

Economics edit

Sachs's economic philosophies have been the subject of controversy.[73] Nina Munk, author of the 2013 book The Idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty, says that, although well intended, poverty eradication projects endorsed by Sachs have years later "left people even worse off than before".[74][75]

William Easterly, a professor of economics at New York University, reviewed The End of Poverty for the Washington Post, calling Sachs' poverty eradication plan "a sort of Great Leap Forward".[76] According to Easterly's cross-country statistical analysis in his book The White Man's Burden, from 1985 to 2006, "When we control both for initial poverty and for bad government, it is bad government that explains the slower growth. We cannot statistically discern any effect of initial poverty on subsequent growth once we control for bad government. This is still true if we limit the definition of bad government to corruption alone." Easterly deems the massive aid proposed by Sachs to be ineffective, as its effect will be hampered by bad governance and/or corruption.[77]

Commenting on Sachs' $120 million effort to aid Africa, American travel writer and novelist Paul Theroux says these temporary measures failed to create sustained improvements. Theroux focuses on a project in a sparsely populated community of nomadic camel herders in Dertu, Kenya, funded by Sachs' Millennium Villages Project, which cost US$2.5 million over a three-year period. Theroux says that the project's latrines were clogged and overflowing, the dormitories it built quickly became dilapidated, and the livestock market it established ignored local customs and was shut down within a few months. He says that an angry Dertu citizen filed a 15-point written complaint against Sachs's operation, claiming it "created dependence" and that "the project is supposed to be bottom top approached but it is visa [sic] versa."[78]

According to the Canadian journalist Naomi Klein, Jeffrey Sachs is one of the architects of "disaster capitalism" after his recommendations in Bolivia, Poland and Russia led to millions of people ending up in the streets.[79]

China edit

In December 2018, Huawei Chief Financial Officer Meng Wanzhou was arrested in Canada at the request of the U.S., which was seeking her extradition to face charges of allegedly violating sanctions against Iran. Soon after Meng's arrest, Sachs wrote an article in which he said her arrest was part of efforts to contain China and accused the U.S. of hypocrisy for seeking her extradition. He wrote that none of the executives of several U.S. companies which had been fined for sanctions violations were arrested. After he was criticized for the article, Sachs closed his Twitter account, which had 260,000 followers.[80] Isaac Stone Fish, a senior fellow at Asia Society, noted that Sachs had written a foreword to a Huawei position paper, and questioned whether Sachs had been paid by Huawei. Sachs said he had not been paid for the work.[80][81]

In June 2020, Sachs said the targeting of Huawei by the US was not solely about security.[82] In their 2020 book Hidden Hand, Clive Hamilton and Mareike Ohlberg commented on one of Sachs' articles in which he accused the U.S. government of maligning Huawei under hypocritical pretenses. Hamilton and Ohlberg wrote that Sachs' article would be more meaningful and influential if he did not have a close relationship with Huawei, including his previous endorsement of the company's "vision of our shared digital future". The authors also alleged that Sachs has ties to a number of Chinese state bodies and the private energy corporation CEFC China Energy for which he has spoken.[83]

During a January 2021 interview, despite the interviewer's repeated prompting, Sachs evaded questions about China's repression of Uyghur people and referred to "huge human rights abuses committed by the U.S."[84] Subsequently, 19 advocacy and rights groups jointly wrote a letter to Columbia University questioning Sachs' comments.[84][85] The letter's signatories wrote that Sachs took the same stance as China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a digression to the history of U.S. rights violations as a way to avoid discussions of China's mistreatment of Uyghurs. The rights groups went on to say that Sachs "betrayed his institution's mission" by trivializing the perspective of those who were oppressed by the Chinese government.[84][85] Stephan Richter, editor-in-chief at The Globalist, and J.D. Bindenagel, a former U.S. ambassador, wrote that Sachs was "actively agitating(!) for a classic Communist propaganda ploy".[86]

Ukraine edit

Sachs's views on Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022 – and specifically his belief that NATO contributed to it – has been criticized as poorly informed by James Kirchick in The Atlantic[87].

Personal life edit

Sachs lives in New York City with his wife Sonia Ehrlich Sachs, a pediatrician. They have three children.[88][89][90]

2020 United States presidential election edit

Sachs endorsed Bernie Sanders in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and has provided advice to Sanders.[91]

Awards and honors edit

In 2004 and 2005, Sachs was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time. He was also named one of the "500 Most Influential People in the Field of Foreign Policy" by the World Affairs Councils of America.[92]

In 1993, the New York Times called Sachs "probably the most important economist in the world."[29] In 2005, Sachs received the Sargent Shriver Award for Equal Justice. In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian honor bestowed by the government of India.[93] Also in 2007, he received the Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution International Advocate for Peace Award and the Centennial Medal from the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences for his contributions to society.[34]

In 2007, Sachs received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[94]

From 2000 to 2001, Sachs was chairman of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health[95] of the World Health Organization (WHO) and from 1999 to 2000 he served as a member of the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission established by the United States Congress. Sachs has been an adviser to the WHO, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations Development Program. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Society of Fellows, the Fellows of the World Econometric Society, the Brookings Panel of Economists, the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Board of Advisers of the Chinese Economists Society, among other international organizations.[34] Sachs is also the first holder of the Royal Professor Ungku Aziz Chair in Poverty Studies at the Centre for Poverty and Development Studies at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for 2007–2009. He holds an honorary professorship at the Universidad del Pacifico in Peru. He has lectured at the London School of Economics, the University of Oxford and Yale University and in Tel Aviv and Jakarta.[34]

In September 2008, Vanity Fair ranked Sachs 98th on its list of 100 members of the New Establishment. In July 2009, Sachs became a member of the Netherlands Development Organization's International Advisory Board.[96] In 2009, Princeton University's American Whig-Cliosophic Society awarded Sachs the James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service.[97]

In 2016, Sachs became president of the Eastern Economic Association, succeeding Janet Currie.[98]

In 2017, Sachs and his wife were the joint recipients of the first World Sustainability Award.[99] In 2015, Sachs was awarded the Blue Planet Prize for his contributions to solving global environmental problems.[100]

In May 2017 Sachs was awarded the Boris Mints Institute Prize for Research of Strategic Policy Solutions to Global Challenges.[101]

In 2022 Sachs was awarded the Tang Prize in the category of sustainable development.[102]

Publications edit

Sachs writes a monthly foreign affairs column for Project Syndicate, a nonprofit association of newspapers around the world that is circulated in 145 countries.[103] He is also a frequent contributor to such major publications as the Financial Times,[104][105] Scientific American, Time and The Huffington Post.[citation needed]

Selected works edit

  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2020). The ages of globalization : geography, technology, and institutions. New York. ISBN 978-0-231-19374-0. OCLC 1100777002.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2018). A new foreign policy : beyond American exceptionalism. New York. ISBN 978-0-231-54788-8. OCLC 1028584983.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2017). Building the new American economy : smart, fair, and sustainable. New York. ISBN 978-0-231-54528-0. OCLC 969417703.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2015). The age of sustainable development. Ki-mun Pan. New York. ISBN 978-0-231-17315-5. OCLC 892887168.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2013). To move the world : JFK's quest for peace (First ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-8129-9492-6. OCLC 829745034.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2011). The price of civilization : reawakening American virtue and prosperity (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6841-8. OCLC 711989050.
  • Sachs, Jeffrey D. (June 2010). "Millennium Development Goals at 10". Scientific American. 302 (6): 17. Bibcode:2010SciAm.302f..30S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0610-30. PMID 20521476.
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2008). Common wealth : economics for a crowded planet. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-127-1. OCLC 167764116.
  • Humphreys, Macartan; Sachs, Jeffrey; Stiglitz, Joseph E., eds. (2007). Escaping the resource curse. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51210-7. OCLC 654395500.
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-045-9. OCLC 57243168.
  • Kirkman, Geoffrey S., Cornelius, Peter K., Sach, Jeffrey D. and Schwab, Klaus, eds. The Global Information Technology Report 2001 – 2002: Readiness for the Networked World. New York, Oxford University Press (2002). ISBN 978-0195152586, ISBN 0195152581
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2002). A New Global Effort to Control Malaria (Science), Vol. 298, October 4, 2002
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2002). Resolving the Debt Crisis of Low-Income Countries (Brookings Papers on Economic Activity), 2002:1
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (2001). The Strategic Significance of Global Inequality (The Washington Quarterly), Vol. 24, No. 3, Summer 2001
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (1997). Development Economics Blackwell Publishers ISBN 0-8133-3314-8
  • The rule of law and economic reform in Russia. Jeffrey Sachs, Katharina Pistor. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. 1997. ISBN 0-8133-3313-X. OCLC 36121307.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (1994). Poland's jump to the market economy (1st ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-69174-4. OCLC 31820041.
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (1993). Larraín B., Felipe (ed.). Macroeconomics in the global economy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-544206-0. OCLC 25026552.
  • Sachs, Jeffrey (ed) (1991). Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance, Volume 1 : The International Financial System (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report) University of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-73332-7
  • Sachs, Jeffrey and Warwick McKibbin Global Linkages: Macroeconomic Interdependence and Co-operation in the World Economy, Brookings Institution, June, 277 pages. (ISBN 0-8157-5600-3)
  • Sachs, Jeffrey, ed. (1989). Developing country debt and the world economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-73338-6. OCLC 18351577.
  • Bruno, Michael and Sachs, Jeffrey (1984), "Stagflation in the World Economy"

References edit

  1. ^ , Hinterlandgazette.com, June 7, 2010, archived from the original on April 13, 2017, retrieved February 19, 2014[unreliable source?]
  2. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  3. ^ Burda, Michael C. (PDF). Humboldt University of Berlin. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  4. ^ "Jeffrey D. Sachs | American economist | Britannica". from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  5. ^ Jacobson, Lindsey (August 24, 2020). . CNBC. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  6. ^ "China's yuan 10 years from being on par with US dollar, says US economist". South China Morning Post. November 28, 2019. from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  7. ^ "Buenos Aires Times | Jeffrey Sachs: 'This is not a game for BlackRock to get an extra percentage point – that's absurd'". www.batimes.com.ar. from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  8. ^ "SDSN Association Board of Directors". Sustainable Development Solutions Network. September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.[dead link]
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External links edit

  • Official website

jeffrey, sachs, jeffrey, david, sachs, saks, born, november, 1954, american, economist, public, policy, analyst, professor, columbia, university, where, former, director, earth, institute, known, work, sustainable, development, economic, development, fight, po. Jeffrey David Sachs s ae k s SAKS born November 5 1954 4 is an American economist and public policy analyst professor at Columbia University 5 6 where he was former director of The Earth Institute He is known for his work on sustainable development economic development and the fight to end poverty 7 Jeffrey SachsSachs in 2019BornJeffrey David Sachs 1954 11 05 November 5 1954 age 69 Oak Park Michigan U S SpouseSonia Ehrlich SachsChildren3Academic careerInstitutionColumbia UniversityFieldPolitical economicsInternational DevelopmentSchool ortraditionKeynesian economics 1 Alma materHarvard University BA MA PhD DoctoraladvisorMartin Feldstein 2 DoctoralstudentsAlberto Alesina Michael C Burda 3 Nouriel RoubiniContributionsMillennium Villages ProjectWebsitejeffsachs wbr orgSachs is Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University and President of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network 8 He is an SDG Advocate for United Nations UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres on the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs a set of 17 global goals adopted at a UN summit meeting in September 2015 From 2001 to 2018 Sachs served as Special Advisor to the UN Secretary General and held the same position under the previous UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon and prior to 2016 a similar advisory position related to the earlier Millennium Development Goals MDGs 9 eight internationally sanctioned objectives to reduce extreme poverty hunger and disease by 2015 In connection with the MDGs he had first been appointed special adviser to the UN Secretary General in 2002 during the term of Kofi Annan 9 10 Sachs is co founder and chief strategist of Millennium Promise Alliance a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending extreme poverty and hunger that has come under scrutiny from critics 11 and was the subject of a book by the journalist Nina Munk From 2002 to 2006 he was director of the United Nations Millennium Project s work on the MDGs He is co editor of the World Happiness Report with John F Helliwell and Richard Layard In 2010 he became a commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development whose stated aim is to boost the importance of broadband internet in international policy 12 Sachs has written several books and received several awards He has been criticized for his views on economics and on the origin of COVID 19 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Academic career 2 1 Harvard University 2 2 Columbia University 3 Scholarship consulting and activism 3 1 Bolivia 3 2 Advising in post communist economies 3 3 Work on global economic development 4 Views and commentary 4 1 Nuclear power 4 2 China 4 3 Syria 4 4 Venezuela 4 5 COVID 19 4 6 War in Ukraine 5 Critical reception 5 1 Economics 5 2 China 5 3 Ukraine 6 Personal life 6 1 2020 United States presidential election 7 Awards and honors 8 Publications 8 1 Selected works 9 References 10 External linksEarly life and education editSachs was raised in Oak Park Michigan in the Detroit metro area and is the son of Joan nee Abrams and Theodore Sachs a labor lawyer 13 His family is Jewish 14 He graduated from Oak Park High School and attended Harvard College where he received his Bachelor of Arts summa cum laude in 1976 15 He went on to receive his M A and Ph D in economics from Harvard with his thesis titled Factor Costs and Macroeconomic Adjustment in the Open Economy Theory and Evidence 16 and was invited to join the Harvard Society of Fellows while still a Harvard graduate student 17 Academic career editHarvard University edit In 1980 Sachs joined the Harvard faculty as an assistant professor and was promoted to associate professor in 1982 A year later at the age of 28 he became a professor of economics with tenure at Harvard 18 During the next 19 years at Harvard Sachs became the Galen L Stone Professor of International Trade 19 director of the Harvard Institute for International Development 1995 1999 and director of the Center for International Development at Harvard Kennedy School 1999 2002 20 Columbia University edit Sachs is the Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University He is University Professor at Columbia University From 2002 to 2016 Sachs served as director of the Earth Institute of Columbia University 9 15 21 a university wide organization with an interdisciplinary approach to addressing complex issues facing the Earth in support of sustainable development 22 Sachs s classes are taught at the School of International and Public Affairs and the Mailman School of Public Health and his course Challenges of Sustainable Development is taught at the undergraduate level 23 Scholarship consulting and activism editSachs has advised several countries on economic policy 24 25 Bolivia edit When Bolivia was shifting from a dictatorship to a democracy through national elections in 1985 Sachs was invited by the party of Bolivian dictator Hugo Banzer to advise him on an anti inflation economic plan to implement once he was voted to office This stabilization plan centered on price deregulation particularly for oil along with cuts to the national budget Sachs stated that his plan could end Bolivian hyperinflation which had reached up to 14 000 in a single day 26 non primary source needed Although Banzer ultimately lost the election to the party of former elected president and traditionally developmentalist Victor Paz Estenssoro Sachs s plan was still implemented through plans that excluded most of Paz s cabinet Inflation quickly stabilized in Bolivia 27 28 Sachs suggestion for reducing inflation was to apply fiscal and monetary discipline clarification needed and end economic regulation that protected the elites clarification needed and blocked the free market clarification needed Hyperinflation reduced within weeks of the Bolivian government instituting his suggestions and the government settled its 3 3 billion debt to international lenders for about 11 cents on the dollar At the time this was about 85 of Bolivia s GDP 29 30 Advising in post communist economies edit Sachs has worked as an economic adviser to governments in Latin America Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union A practice trained macroeconomist he advised a number of national governments in the transition from Marxism Leninism or developmentalism to market economies citation needed In 1989 Sachs advised Poland s anticommunist Solidarity movement and the government of Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki He wrote a comprehensive plan for the transition from central planning to a market economy which became incorporated into Poland s reform program led by Finance Minister Leszek Balcerowicz Sachs was the main architect of Poland s debt reduction operation Sachs and IMF economist David Lipton advised the rapid conversion of all property and assets from public to private ownership Closure of many uncompetitive factories ensued 31 In Poland Sachs was firmly on the side of rapid transition to capitalism At first he proposed American style corporate structures with professional managers answering to many shareholders and a large economic role for stock markets That did not bode well with the Polish authorities but he then proposed that large blocks of the shares of privatized companies be placed in the hands of private banks 32 As a result there were some economic shortages and inflation but prices in Poland eventually stabilized 33 third party source needed The government of Poland awarded Sachs with one of its highest honors in 1999 the Commander s Cross of the Order of Merit 34 He also received an honorary doctorate from the Krakow University of Economics 19 Sachs s ideas and methods of transition from central planning were adopted throughout the transition economies He advised Slovenia in 1991 and Estonia in 1992 on the introduction of new stable and convertible currencies citation needed Based on Poland s success his advice was sought first by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and by his successor Russian President Boris Yeltsin on the transition of the USSR Russia to a market economy 35 He served as adviser to Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar and Finance Minister Boris Federov during 1991 1993 on macroeconomic policies citation needed Sachs methods for stabilizing economies became known as shock therapy and were similar to successful approaches used in Germany after the two world wars 29 However he faced criticism for his role after the Russian economy faced signficicant struggles after adopting the market based shock therapy in the early 1990s 36 37 38 Work on global economic development editSince his work in post communist countries Sachs has turned to global issues of economic development poverty alleviation health and aid policy and environmental sustainability He has written extensively on climate change disease control and globalization Since 1995 he has been engaged in efforts to alleviate poverty in Africa citation needed According to New York Magazine Sachs s ambitions are hard to overstate His ultimate goal is to change the world to bend history as he once said quoting Robert F Kennedy wrote Nina Munk in The Idealist a biography of Sachs By the early aughts he had risen from wonky academic to celebrity public intellectual According to Munk people in Sachs s inner circle affectionately called him a shit disturber someone whose ego was offset by a selfless genius and a penchant for challenging orthodoxies There s a certain messianic quality about him George Soros one of his patrons told Munk 39 nbsp Sachs at a UN meeting in 2009In his 2005 work The End of Poverty which had a foreword by Bono 39 Sachs wrote that Africa s governance is poor because Africa is poor According to Sachs with the right policies and key interventions extreme poverty defined as living on less than 1 a day can be eradicated within 20 years India and China serve as examples with the latter lifting 300 million people out of extreme poverty during the last two decades Sachs has said that a key element to accomplishing this is raising aid from 65 billion in 2002 to 195 billion a year by 2015 He emphasizes the role of geography and climate as much of Africa is landlocked and disease prone However he stresses that these problems can be overcome 40 third party source needed Sachs suggests that with improved seeds irrigation and fertilizer the crop yields in Africa and other places with subsistence farming can be increased from 1 ton per hectare to 3 to 5 tons per hectare He reasons that increased harvests would significantly increase the income of subsistence farmers thereby reducing poverty Sachs does not believe that increased aid is the only solution He also supports establishing credit and microloan programs which are often lacking in impoverished areas 41 Sachs advocates the distribution of free insecticide treated bed nets to combat malaria The economic impact of malaria has been estimated to cost Africa 12 billion per year Sachs estimates that malaria can be controlled for 3 billion per year therefore suggesting that anti malaria projects would be an economically justified investment 42 The Millennium Villages Project MVP which he directs operates in more than a dozen African countries and covers more than 500 000 people The MVP has created controversy because critics have questioned both the design of the project and claims made for its success In 2012 The Economist reviewed the project and concluded the evidence does not yet support the claim that the millennium villages project is making a decisive impact 43 Critics have pointed to the failure to include suitable controls that would allow an accurate determination of whether the MVP methods were responsible for any observed gains in economic development A 2012 Lancet paper claiming a three fold increase in the rate of decline in childhood mortality was criticized for flawed methodology and the authors later admitted that the claim was unwarranted and misleading 44 In her 2013 book The Idealist Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty journalist Nina Munk concluded that the MVP was a failure 45 Following the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals MDGs in 2000 Sachs chaired the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health 2000 2001 which played a pivotal role in scaling up the financing of health care and disease control in the low income countries to support MDGs 4 5 and 6 He worked with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2000 2001 to design and launch The Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria 46 He also worked with senior officials of the George W Bush administration to develop the PEPFAR program to fight HIV AIDS and the PMI to fight malaria On behalf of Annan from 2002 to 2006 he chaired the UN Millennium Project which was tasked with developing a concrete action plan to achieve the MDGs The UN General Assembly adopted the key recommendations of the UN Millennium Project at a special session in September 2005 Previously a special adviser to secretary general Antonio Guterres 9 10 Sachs is an advocate for the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals which build upon and supersede the MDGs citation needed nbsp Sachs in 2015In his capacity as a special adviser at the UN Sachs has frequently met with foreign dignitaries and heads of state He was photographed with Matt Damon and developed a friendship with international celebrities Bono and Angelina Jolie who traveled to Africa with Sachs to witness the progress of the Millennium Villages 47 39 Sachs has criticized the International Monetary Fund and its policies around the world and blamed international bankers for what he says is a pattern of ineffective investment strategies 48 non primary source needed During the Greek government debt crisis in July 2015 Sachs Heiner Flassbeck Thomas Piketty Dani Rodrik and Simon Wren Lewis published an open letter to the Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel regarding Greek debt 49 Sachs is one of the founders of the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project 50 Views and commentary editNuclear power edit In 2012 Sachs claimed that nuclear power is the only solution to climate change but he has since revised his opinion suggesting in 2021 that carbon neutrality could be achieved without the use of nuclear power 51 52 China edit Sachs is a long time advocate of dismantling American hegemony and embracing the rise of China 53 He believes the term genocide is mistaken in relation to the repression of the Uyghurs in China 24 He has argued for closer relations between the US and China and warned of the danger of tensions between them 54 55 Syria edit In April 2018 he supported President Donald Trump s view that the United States should come out of Syria very soon adding It s long past time for the United States to end its destructive military engagement in Syria and across the Middle East though the security state seems unlikely to let this happen 56 57 Venezuela edit A 2019 report authored by Sachs and Mark Weisbrot published by the Center for Economic and Policy Research claimed that a 31 rise in the number of deaths between 2017 and 2018 was due to the sanctions imposed on Venezuela in 2017 and that 40 000 people in Venezuela may have died as a result 58 The report states The sanctions are depriving Venezuelans of lifesaving medicines medical equipment food and other essential imports 58 Weisbrot stated that the authors could not prove those excess deaths were the result of sanctions but said the increase ran parallel to the imposition of the measures and an attendant fall in oil production 58 A United States Department of State spokesperson commented that as the writers themselves concede the report is based on speculation and conjecture 58 Harvard economist Ricardo Hausmann asserts that the analysis is flawed because it makes invalid assumptions about Venezuela based on a different country like Colombia saying that taking what happened in Colombia since 2017 as a counterfactual for what would have happened in Venezuela if there had been no financial sanctions makes no sense Calling it sloppy reasoning the authors also state that the analysis failed to rule out other explanations and failed to correctly account for PDVSA finances 59 COVID 19 edit Early in the COVID 19 pandemic Sachs vocally rejected the COVID 19 lab leak theory a version of which was being supported by President Donald Trump which posited the SARS CoV 2 virus was released from a Chinese laboratory denouncing it as reckless and dangerous and arguing that right wing politicians pointing fingers at the Wuhan Institute of Virology could push the world to conflict Neither the biology nor chronology support the laboratory release story 39 In spring 2020 Richard Horton editor of The Lancet appointed Sachs as chair of its COVID 19 Commission whose goals were to provide recommendations for public health policy and improve the practice of medicine 60 61 62 Sachs set up a number of task forces including one on the origins of the virus Sachs appointed British American disease ecologist Peter Daszak a colleague of Sachs at Columbia to head this task force two weeks after the Trump administration prematurely ended a federal grant supporting a project led by Daszak EcoHealth Alliance which worked with the Wuhan Institute of Virology 39 This appointment was criticized as creating a conflict of interest for instance by Richard Ebright chemical biologist at Rutgers University who called the commission an entirely Potemkin commission in the National Review However as Sachs became increasingly drawn to the lab leak theory he came into conflict with Daszak and his task force forcing his resignation in summer 2021 and disbanding the group in September that year 39 In May 2022 alongside his colleague Neil L Harrison Sachs wrote an article calling for an independent inquiry into the origin of COVID 19 Their primary concern stems from the presence of a furin cleavage site in the amino acid sequence of the coronavirus spike protein identical to the one found in the a subunit of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC a 63 This prompted several responses from virologist Robert Garry who pointed out that 64 The number of inserted nucleotides depends on the sequence compared against and the sequence alignment used The closest known spike protein has 12 inserted nucleotides while the sequence mentioned by Harrison and Sachs has 24 inserted nucleuotides The insertion point introduces a frameshift mutation which could drastically affect translation process and is an unusual and needlessly complex feat of genetic engineering The insertion adds a codon for proline not originally found in ENaC which could drastically affect the eventual protein structure The genetic sequence inserted is almost completely different from that used in human ENaC cells but codes for the same amino acid sequence since differences are all cases of synonymous substitution Portions of the amino acid sequence deemed suspicious also appear in the spike regions of other coronavirusesIn July 2022 Sachs said he was pretty convinced though not sure that COVID 19 came out of US lab biotechnology which is considered by the European Union to be COVID 19 disinformation by China While Sachs has leanings toward the possibility of a virus leak from a U S backed laboratory research program he has stated that A natural spillover is also possible of course Both hypotheses are viable at this stage 65 In August 2022 Sachs gave an hour long interview on the podcast of anti vaccine conspiracy theorist Robert F Kennedy Jr where he criticized Daszak and accused officials such as Anthony Fauci of not being honest about the origins of COVID 66 In September 2022 the Lancet commission published a wide ranging report on the pandemic including commentary on the virus origin overseen by Sachs The report suggested that the virus may have originated from an American laboratory 67 Virologists reacting to this including Angela Rasmussen commented that the release may have been one of The Lancet s most shameful moments regarding its role as a steward and leader in communicating crucial findings about science and medicine 68 Virologist David Robertson said the suggestion of US laboratory involvement was wild speculation and that it s really disappointing to see such a potentially influential report contributing to further misinformation on such an important topic 68 War in Ukraine edit nbsp At MCC Budapest Peace Forum 2023In May 2022 Sachs said that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 would be hard to beat and that Finland s moves to join NATO would undermine a negotiated peace All of this talk of defeating Russia to my mind is reckless 69 In June 2022 he co signed an open letter calling for a ceasefire in the war questioning Western countries continuing military support for Ukraine 70 In 2022 he appeared twice on one of the top rated shows funded by the Russian government hosted by Vladimir Solovyov to call for Ukraine to negotiate and step away from its maximalist demands of removing Russia from Ukrainian territory 71 Sachs has suggested that the U S was responsible for the sabotage of the Nord Stream pipeline In February 2023 he was invited by the Russian government to address the United Nations Security Council about the topic 72 24 Critical reception editEconomics edit Sachs s economic philosophies have been the subject of controversy 73 Nina Munk author of the 2013 book The Idealist Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty says that although well intended poverty eradication projects endorsed by Sachs have years later left people even worse off than before 74 75 William Easterly a professor of economics at New York University reviewed The End of Poverty for the Washington Post calling Sachs poverty eradication plan a sort of Great Leap Forward 76 According to Easterly s cross country statistical analysis in his book The White Man s Burden from 1985 to 2006 When we control both for initial poverty and for bad government it is bad government that explains the slower growth We cannot statistically discern any effect of initial poverty on subsequent growth once we control for bad government This is still true if we limit the definition of bad government to corruption alone Easterly deems the massive aid proposed by Sachs to be ineffective as its effect will be hampered by bad governance and or corruption 77 Commenting on Sachs 120 million effort to aid Africa American travel writer and novelist Paul Theroux says these temporary measures failed to create sustained improvements Theroux focuses on a project in a sparsely populated community of nomadic camel herders in Dertu Kenya funded by Sachs Millennium Villages Project which cost US 2 5 million over a three year period Theroux says that the project s latrines were clogged and overflowing the dormitories it built quickly became dilapidated and the livestock market it established ignored local customs and was shut down within a few months He says that an angry Dertu citizen filed a 15 point written complaint against Sachs s operation claiming it created dependence and that the project is supposed to be bottom top approached but it is visa sic versa 78 According to the Canadian journalist Naomi Klein Jeffrey Sachs is one of the architects of disaster capitalism after his recommendations in Bolivia Poland and Russia led to millions of people ending up in the streets 79 China edit In December 2018 Huawei Chief Financial Officer Meng Wanzhou was arrested in Canada at the request of the U S which was seeking her extradition to face charges of allegedly violating sanctions against Iran Soon after Meng s arrest Sachs wrote an article in which he said her arrest was part of efforts to contain China and accused the U S of hypocrisy for seeking her extradition He wrote that none of the executives of several U S companies which had been fined for sanctions violations were arrested After he was criticized for the article Sachs closed his Twitter account which had 260 000 followers 80 Isaac Stone Fish a senior fellow at Asia Society noted that Sachs had written a foreword to a Huawei position paper and questioned whether Sachs had been paid by Huawei Sachs said he had not been paid for the work 80 81 In June 2020 Sachs said the targeting of Huawei by the US was not solely about security 82 In their 2020 book Hidden Hand Clive Hamilton and Mareike Ohlberg commented on one of Sachs articles in which he accused the U S government of maligning Huawei under hypocritical pretenses Hamilton and Ohlberg wrote that Sachs article would be more meaningful and influential if he did not have a close relationship with Huawei including his previous endorsement of the company s vision of our shared digital future The authors also alleged that Sachs has ties to a number of Chinese state bodies and the private energy corporation CEFC China Energy for which he has spoken 83 During a January 2021 interview despite the interviewer s repeated prompting Sachs evaded questions about China s repression of Uyghur people and referred to huge human rights abuses committed by the U S 84 Subsequently 19 advocacy and rights groups jointly wrote a letter to Columbia University questioning Sachs comments 84 85 The letter s signatories wrote that Sachs took the same stance as China s Ministry of Foreign Affairs a digression to the history of U S rights violations as a way to avoid discussions of China s mistreatment of Uyghurs The rights groups went on to say that Sachs betrayed his institution s mission by trivializing the perspective of those who were oppressed by the Chinese government 84 85 Stephan Richter editor in chief at The Globalist and J D Bindenagel a former U S ambassador wrote that Sachs was actively agitating for a classic Communist propaganda ploy 86 Ukraine edit Sachs s views on Russia s invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022 and specifically his belief that NATO contributed to it has been criticized as poorly informed by James Kirchick in The Atlantic 87 Personal life editSachs lives in New York City with his wife Sonia Ehrlich Sachs a pediatrician They have three children 88 89 90 2020 United States presidential election edit Sachs endorsed Bernie Sanders in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and has provided advice to Sanders 91 Awards and honors editIn 2004 and 2005 Sachs was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time He was also named one of the 500 Most Influential People in the Field of Foreign Policy by the World Affairs Councils of America 92 In 1993 the New York Times called Sachs probably the most important economist in the world 29 In 2005 Sachs received the Sargent Shriver Award for Equal Justice In 2007 he was awarded the Padma Bhushan the third highest civilian honor bestowed by the government of India 93 Also in 2007 he received the Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution International Advocate for Peace Award and the Centennial Medal from the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences for his contributions to society 34 In 2007 Sachs received the S Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards 94 From 2000 to 2001 Sachs was chairman of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health 95 of the World Health Organization WHO and from 1999 to 2000 he served as a member of the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission established by the United States Congress Sachs has been an adviser to the WHO the World Bank the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Development Program He is a member of the Institute of Medicine the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Harvard Society of Fellows the Fellows of the World Econometric Society the Brookings Panel of Economists the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Board of Advisers of the Chinese Economists Society among other international organizations 34 Sachs is also the first holder of the Royal Professor Ungku Aziz Chair in Poverty Studies at the Centre for Poverty and Development Studies at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia for 2007 2009 He holds an honorary professorship at the Universidad del Pacifico in Peru He has lectured at the London School of Economics the University of Oxford and Yale University and in Tel Aviv and Jakarta 34 In September 2008 Vanity Fair ranked Sachs 98th on its list of 100 members of the New Establishment In July 2009 Sachs became a member of the Netherlands Development Organization s International Advisory Board 96 In 2009 Princeton University s American Whig Cliosophic Society awarded Sachs the James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service 97 In 2016 Sachs became president of the Eastern Economic Association succeeding Janet Currie 98 In 2017 Sachs and his wife were the joint recipients of the first World Sustainability Award 99 In 2015 Sachs was awarded the Blue Planet Prize for his contributions to solving global environmental problems 100 In May 2017 Sachs was awarded the Boris Mints Institute Prize for Research of Strategic Policy Solutions to Global Challenges 101 In 2022 Sachs was awarded the Tang Prize in the category of sustainable development 102 Publications editSachs writes a monthly foreign affairs column for Project Syndicate a nonprofit association of newspapers around the world that is circulated in 145 countries 103 He is also a frequent contributor to such major publications as the Financial Times 104 105 Scientific American Time and The Huffington Post citation needed Selected works edit Sachs Jeffrey 2020 The ages of globalization geography technology and institutions New York ISBN 978 0 231 19374 0 OCLC 1100777002 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Sachs Jeffrey 2018 A new foreign policy beyond American exceptionalism New York ISBN 978 0 231 54788 8 OCLC 1028584983 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Sachs Jeffrey 2017 Building the new American economy smart fair and sustainable New York ISBN 978 0 231 54528 0 OCLC 969417703 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Sachs Jeffrey 2015 The age of sustainable development Ki mun Pan New York ISBN 978 0 231 17315 5 OCLC 892887168 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Sachs Jeffrey 2013 To move the world JFK s quest for peace First ed New York ISBN 978 0 8129 9492 6 OCLC 829745034 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Sachs Jeffrey 2011 The price of civilization reawakening American virtue and prosperity 1st ed New York Random House ISBN 978 1 4000 6841 8 OCLC 711989050 Sachs Jeffrey D June 2010 Millennium Development Goals at 10 Scientific American 302 6 17 Bibcode 2010SciAm 302f 30S doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0610 30 PMID 20521476 Sachs Jeffrey 2008 Common wealth economics for a crowded planet New York Penguin Press ISBN 978 1 59420 127 1 OCLC 167764116 Humphreys Macartan Sachs Jeffrey Stiglitz Joseph E eds 2007 Escaping the resource curse New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 51210 7 OCLC 654395500 Sachs Jeffrey 2005 The End of Poverty Economic Possibilities for Our Time New York Penguin Press ISBN 1 59420 045 9 OCLC 57243168 Kirkman Geoffrey S Cornelius Peter K Sach Jeffrey D and Schwab Klaus eds The Global Information Technology Report 2001 2002 Readiness for the Networked World New York Oxford University Press 2002 ISBN 978 0195152586 ISBN 0195152581 Sachs Jeffrey 2002 A New Global Effort to Control Malaria Science Vol 298 October 4 2002 Sachs Jeffrey 2002 Resolving the Debt Crisis of Low Income Countries Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2002 1 Sachs Jeffrey 2001 The Strategic Significance of Global Inequality The Washington Quarterly Vol 24 No 3 Summer 2001 Sachs Jeffrey 1997 Development Economics Blackwell Publishers ISBN 0 8133 3314 8 The rule of law and economic reform in Russia Jeffrey Sachs Katharina Pistor Boulder Colo Westview Press 1997 ISBN 0 8133 3313 X OCLC 36121307 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Sachs Jeffrey 1994 Poland s jump to the market economy 1st ed Cambridge Mass MIT Press ISBN 0 262 69174 4 OCLC 31820041 Sachs Jeffrey 1993 Larrain B Felipe ed Macroeconomics in the global economy Englewood Cliffs N J Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 544206 0 OCLC 25026552 Sachs Jeffrey ed 1991 Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance Volume 1 The International Financial System National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 73332 7 Sachs Jeffrey and Warwick McKibbinGlobal Linkages Macroeconomic Interdependence and Co operation in the World Economy Brookings Institution June 277 pages ISBN 0 8157 5600 3 Sachs Jeffrey ed 1989 Developing country debt and the world economy Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 73338 6 OCLC 18351577 Bruno Michael and Sachs Jeffrey 1984 Stagflation in the World Economy References edit Janet Shan Keynesian Economist Jeffrey Sachs Says President Obama s Stimulus has Failed June 7 2010 Hinterlandgazette com June 7 2010 archived from the original on April 13 2017 retrieved February 19 2014 unreliable source Sachs s CV PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 5 2017 Retrieved October 12 2016 Burda Michael C CV PDF Humboldt University of Berlin Archived from the original PDF on February 4 2017 Retrieved March 9 2017 Jeffrey D Sachs American economist Britannica Archived from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved October 9 2022 Jacobson Lindsey August 24 2020 Economists offer bleak view of President Trump s first term citing deglobalization trends and protectionism CNBC Archived from the original on September 18 2020 Retrieved September 15 2020 China s yuan 10 years from being on par with US dollar says US economist South China Morning Post November 28 2019 Archived from the original on February 22 2022 Retrieved September 15 2020 Buenos Aires Times Jeffrey Sachs This is not a game for BlackRock to get an extra percentage point that s absurd www batimes com ar Archived from the original on February 22 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 SDSN Association Board of Directors Sustainable Development Solutions Network September 16 2020 Retrieved September 16 2020 dead link a b c d Jeffrey D Sachs Archived August 1 2020 at the Wayback Machine UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose University College London ucl ac uk Retrieved July 17 2017 a b Shaw Adam April 10 2017 UN tensions with Trump administration mount as both sides dig in Archived July 16 2017 at the Wayback Machine Fox News foxnews com Retrieved July 17 2017 Guterres spokesman Stephane Dujarric confirmed this week that Jeffrey Sachs a world renowned economist who has served as a senior U N adviser since 2002 will continue in that role Duff Brown Beth The fog of development Evaluating the Millennium Villages Project Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies FSI Stanford University Archived from the original on January 16 2022 Retrieved December 28 2021 Commissioners Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development Archived from the original on December 13 2017 Retrieved July 18 2017 Theodore Sachs Labor Lawyer 72 New York Times The New York Times March 13 2001 Archived from the original on March 10 2014 Retrieved February 19 2014 Jeffrey Sachs im Gesprach Archived from the original on February 27 2023 Retrieved February 27 2023 a b Jeffrey D Sachs Earth Institute Center for Sustainable Development csd columbia edu Columbia University Archived from the original on July 13 2017 Retrieved July 19 2017 Factor Costs and Macroeconomic Adjustment in the Open Economy Theory and Evidence Harvard University Library dead link Dr Jeffrey Sachs Shock Therapist JDS Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Uchitelle Louis April 5 2002 Columbia gets Star Professor from Harvard The New York Times Archived from the original on February 22 2022 Retrieved January 28 2018 a b Jeffrey D Sachs Contemporary Authors Online Detroit Gale 2016 Retrieved via Biography in Context database July 19 2017 Developmental Troubles Harvard Magazine harvardmagazine com September October 2002 Archived from the original on July 22 2017 Retrieved July 19 2017 Surkes Sue Davidovich Joshua Fabian Emanuel November 13 2022 Israeli climate finance experts gather some of world s top brains at COP27 event The Times of Israel Archived from the original on March 6 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 The Earth Institute Columbia University Archived from the original on February 5 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Undergraduate Program in Sustainable Development Archived from the original on December 22 2017 Retrieved November 24 2017 a b c Chotiner Isaac February 27 2023 Jeffrey Sachs s Great Power Politics The New Yorker Archived from the original on March 6 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 Hvistendahl Mara December 29 2021 U N Power Broker Jeffrey Sachs Took Millions From the UAE to Research Well Being The Intercept Archived from the original on March 6 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 Sachs Jeffrey D 2005 Economic Possibilities for Our Time The End of Poverty New York Penguin pp 90 93 Conaghan and Malloy 1994 Unsettling Statecraft Democracy and Neoliberalism in the Central Andes Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Press p 198 Bridges Tyler June 29 1987 Dallas Morning News Bolivia Turns to Free Enterprise Among Hard Times a b c Passell Peter June 27 1993 Dr Jeffrey Sachs Shock Therapist The New York Times Archived from the original on September 25 2020 Retrieved August 15 2020 Kehoe Timothy Machicado Carlos Gustavo Peres Cajias Jose 2018 The Monetary and Fiscal History of Bolivia 1960 2017 Cambridge MA doi 10 3386 w25523 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Hardy Jane 2009 Poland s New Capitalism London Pluto Press Doug Henwood Left Business Observer 111 August 2005 Leftbusinessobserver com Archived from the original on August 14 2013 Retrieved February 19 2014 Jeffrey Sachs and David Lipton June 1 1990 Lipton David and Sachs Jeffrey Foreign Affairs 1990 Foreignaffairs org Archived from the original on January 6 2009 Retrieved February 19 2014 a b c d The Earth Institute at Columbia University 2008 PDF Archived from the original on February 5 2009 Retrieved July 22 2008 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link The day Russia adopted the free market Planet Money NPR May 6 2022 Retrieved March 22 2023 McClintick David January 13 2006 How Harvard Lost Russia Institutional Investor New York City Archived from the original on July 17 2014 Retrieved June 27 2022 Bidder Benjamin November 10 2020 Economist Jeffrey Sachs on the U S After the Election www spiegel de Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved April 25 2021 Marangos John 2013 Marangos John ed The Shock Therapy Process of Transition Consistency and Viability of Islamic Economic Systems and the Transition Process New York Palgrave Macmillan US pp 139 186 doi 10 1057 9781137327260 5 ISBN 978 1 137 32726 0 archived from the original on March 14 2023 retrieved May 3 2021 a b c d e f Walsh James D March 3 2023 Mad Scientists Intelligencer Archived from the original on March 3 2023 Retrieved March 22 2023 United Nations Millennium Project 2006 Unmillenniumproject org January 1 2007 Archived from the original on May 27 2014 Retrieved February 19 2014 Booth Mindy UN Capital Development Fund 2005 Archived from the original on June 8 2007 Retrieved July 22 2008 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Medical News Today 2007 Medicalnewstoday com June 24 2007 Archived from the original on May 10 2011 Retrieved February 19 2014 Jeffrey Sachs and the millennium villages Millennium bugs The Economist May 14 2012 Archived from the original on March 14 2023 Retrieved September 10 2015 Does It Take a Village June 24 2013 Archived from the original on January 5 2017 Retrieved March 8 2017 Green Duncan The Idealist a brilliant gripping disturbing portrait of Jeffrey Sachs From Poverty to Power FP2P Oxfam Archived from the original on December 28 2021 Retrieved December 28 2021 Kidder Tracy 2003 Mountains Beyond Mountains New York Random House p 257 ISBN 9780375506161 Purcell Myrlia Look to the Stars The World of Celebrity Giving 2006 Looktothestars org October 18 2006 Archived from the original on August 14 2013 Retrieved February 19 2014 Sachs Jeffrey The Financial Times 1997 Uv es Archived from the original on August 15 2013 Retrieved February 19 2014 Jetzt ist der Zeitpunkt die gescheiterte Sparpolitik zu uberdenken tagesspiegel de July 7 2015 Archived from the original on July 8 2015 Retrieved July 8 2015 Justin Gillis December 1 2015 A Path Beyond the Paris Climate Change Conference The New York Times Archived from the original on December 1 2015 Retrieved December 1 2015 Dr Sachs helped start what is perhaps the most serious effort to draw up a detailed road map for the energy transition the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project based in Paris and New York Over the past couple of years the effort enlisted teams from 16 countries which account for the large majority of global emissions to devise such plans Harvey Fiona May 3 2012 Nuclear power is only solution to climate change says Jeffrey Sachs the Guardian Archived from the original on March 6 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 You don t need nuclear to get to net zero says climate professor Jeffrey Sachs Euronews November 1 2021 Retrieved March 27 2023 Lau Stuart July 12 2022 Borrell s adviser pushes China s contested claim that COVID came from US POLITICO Retrieved March 22 2023 Schulze Elizabeth August 10 2020 Geopolitical cold war with China would be a dangerous mistake economist Jeffrey Sachs says CNBC Archived from the original on April 23 2021 Retrieved March 6 2023 Lee Jihye August 18 2022 U S China tensions are not helping Biden in inflation fight economist says CNBC Archived from the original on March 6 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 Sachs Jeffrey April 5 2018 Trump is right about Syria It s time to leave The Boston Globe Archived from the original on June 18 2018 Retrieved June 17 2018 Hains Tim April 13 2018 Jeffrey Sachs To President Trump Please Get U S Out Of Syria We ve Done Enough Damage RealClearPolitics Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 a b c d Buncombe Andrew April 26 2019 US sanctions on Venezuela responsible for tens of thousands of deaths claims new report The Independent Archived from the original on May 4 2019 Retrieved May 4 2019 Hausmann Ricardo and Frank Muci May 2 2019 Don t blame Washington for Venezuela s oil woes rebuttal Americas Quarterly Archived from the original on May 4 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 Commissioners Lancet Commission on COVID 19 Archived from the original on October 31 2021 Retrieved July 2 2022 Knapton Sarah May 20 2022 US experiments may have contributed to emergence of Covid The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on July 7 2022 Retrieved July 3 2022 Cohen Jon October 14 2022 Evidence backs natural origin for pandemic report asserts Science American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS 378 6616 126 Bibcode 2022Sci 378 126C doi 10 1126 science adf2884 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 36227964 S2CID 252897373 Harrison Neil L Sachs Jeffrey D May 19 2022 A call for an independent inquiry into the origin of the SARS CoV 2 virus PNAS 119 21 e2202769119 Bibcode 2022PNAS 11902769H doi 10 1073 pnas 2202769119 PMC 9173817 PMID 35588448 Garry Robert 2022 SARS CoV 2 furin cleavage site was not engineered PNAS 119 40 e2211107119 Bibcode 2022PNAS 11911107G doi 10 1073 pnas 2211107119 PMC 9546612 PMID 36173950 Borrell s adviser pushes China s contested claim that COVID came from US POLITICO July 12 2022 Archived from the original on September 29 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Diamond Dan September 14 2022 Untrustworthy and ineffective Panel blasts governments covid response The Washington Post Archived from the original on December 20 2022 Retrieved October 4 2022 Lawson Dominic September 24 2022 China gets a Covid pass from its useful idiots The Times amp The Sunday Times Retrieved March 22 2023 a b Gustaf Kilander September 16 2022 Lancet report claiming Covid could have come from US lab prompts anger The Independent Archived from the original on October 29 2022 Retrieved September 26 2022 Ng Abigail May 13 2022 It s reckless to talk about defeating Russia says former advisor to the Soviet Union CNBC Retrieved March 22 2023 Waffenstillstand jetzt Die Zeit June 29 2022 Archived from the original on October 4 2022 Retrieved October 5 2022 Support for Putin s war exposes a flaw in Russian studies University World News February 24 2022 Retrieved March 22 2023 Lederer Edith M February 21 2023 Russia and West clash over probe of Nord Stream sabotage Washington Post Archived from the original on February 22 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 Munk Nina July 1 2007 Jeffrey Sachs s 200 Billion Dream Vanity Fair Archived from the original on February 7 2023 Retrieved March 4 2023 About a year ago Sachs named Ruhiira a Millennium Village one of 79 villages in 10 African countries where his controversial theories on ending extreme poverty are being tested Anna Maria Tremonti The Quest to End Poverty Nina Munk CBC Radio 2013 09 10 Cbc ca September 10 2013 Archived from the original on February 27 2014 Retrieved February 19 2014 Feiger Leah August 13 2020 Celebrated Rwanda Based Nonprofit Faces Harrowing Misconduct Accusations Vice Archived from the original on September 3 2020 Retrieved March 13 2021 A Modest Proposal Washingtonpost com March 13 2005 Archived from the original on December 8 2022 Retrieved February 19 2014 Easterly W Easterly W R 2006 The White Man s Burden Why the West s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good Penguin Press ISBN 978 1 59420 037 3 Archived from the original on March 14 2023 Retrieved April 23 2021 Theroux Paul November 30 2013 Africa s Aid Mess Barron s Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved April 25 2021 Firm PM Press 2009 Naomi Klein The rise of disaster capitalism MVD Entertainment Group OCLC 894130594 archived from the original on March 14 2023 retrieved March 8 2022 a b Columbia s Jeffrey Sachs Quits Twitter After Criticism of Huawei Article Bloomberg News Bloomberg News January 1 2019 Archived from the original on March 23 2022 Retrieved April 23 2021 Columbia University Economics Professor Quits Twitter After Huawei Article Backlash Fortune January 3 2019 Archived from the original on January 2 2019 Vaswani Karishma June 21 2020 US China cold war bigger global threat than virus BBC News Archived from the original on January 30 2023 Retrieved April 24 2021 Hamilton Clive Ohlberg Mareike 2020 Chapter 11 Think tanks and thought leaders Opinion makers Hidden Hand Exposing How the Chinese Communist Party is Reshaping the World Oneworld Publications ISBN 978 1 78607 784 4 a b c Allen Ebrahimian Bethany February 23 2021 Rights groups question Columbia over professor s interview Axios Archived from the original on April 2 2022 Retrieved April 21 2021 a b Joint Letter from 19 Civil Society Organizations on Prof Jeffrey Sachs s Recent Comments Hong Kong Global Connect Archived from the original on March 14 2023 Retrieved April 21 2021 Richter Stephan Bindenagel J D March 4 2021 Jeffrey Sachs Xi Propagandist The Globalist Archived from the original on March 29 2022 Retrieved April 22 2021 Kirchick James September 29 2022 How the Anti war Camp Went Intellectually Bankrupt The Atlantic Archived from the original on March 1 2023 Retrieved March 6 2023 Nadboy Michelle December 22 2011 The Many Pressures of Dr Sonia Sachs Mother of Three Implementing Large Scale Poverty Eradication for Millions Consilience The Journal of Sustainable Development Archived from the original on August 10 2017 Retrieved August 10 2017 Jeffrey Sachs s 200 Billion Dream News Target Health Global Blog May 16 2008 Archived from the original on August 10 2017 Retrieved August 10 2017 Page 888 Michigan Obituary and Death Notice Archive GenLookups Archived from the original on August 10 2017 Retrieved August 10 2017 Sachs Theodore Beloved husband of Joan Dear father of Andrea Sachs Jeffrey Dr Sonia Ehrlich Sachs Grandmother of Lisa Adam and Hannah Sachs Brother of the late Maurice Sachs the late Sidney Sachs the late Sol Sachs and the late Freda Handelsman Brother in law of Dr Gerald and Gloria Abrams Mary Sachs Chotiner Isaac April 21 2020 Jeffrey Sachs on the Catastrophic American Response to the Coronavirus The New Yorker Archived from the original on April 12 2021 Retrieved April 25 2021 British Broadcasting Company 2007 Bbc co uk April 11 2007 Archived from the original on August 15 2013 Retrieved February 19 2014 Padma Awards PDF Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India 2015 Archived from the original PDF on October 15 2015 Retrieved July 21 2015 National Winners public service awards Jefferson Awards org Archived from the original on November 24 2010 Retrieved February 19 2014 WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health CMH Who int Archived from the original on October 27 2013 Retrieved February 19 2014 Archived copy Archived from the original on July 28 2011 Retrieved September 1 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Economist Sachs wins James Madison award the Daily Princetonian Archived from the original on May 9 2009 Retrieved May 15 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Home Eastern Economic Association Archived from the original on August 29 2012 Retrieved March 29 2019 MDPI Sustainability Foundation wsforum org Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved March 27 2019 ブループラネット賞英米2経済学者に in Japanese SciencePortal Japan Science and Technology Agency June 19 2015 Archived from the original on June 22 2015 Retrieved August 9 2015 The digital revolution and the distribution of income with Prof Oxford Martin School Archived from the original on July 19 2020 Retrieved August 7 2020 Yen William TANG PRIZE Economist Jeffrey Sachs urges dialogue amid rising Taiwan China tensions focustaiwan tw Focus Taiwan Archived from the original on September 26 2022 Retrieved September 26 2022 Jeffrey D Sachs Project Syndicate Archived from the original on August 22 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 i e ft com April 29 2013 Austerity exposes the global threat from tax havens Archived March 14 2023 at the Wayback Machine List of articles Search ft com December 2 2013 Archived from the original on March 14 2023 Retrieved February 19 2014 External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Jeffrey Sachs nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jeffrey Sachs Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jeffrey Sachs amp oldid 1199296802, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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