1994 Tour de France
The 1994 Tour de France was the 81st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began on 2 July with a 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue around the French city Lille. After 21 more days of racing, the Tour came to a close on the street of the Champs-Élysées. Twenty-one teams entered the race that was won by Miguel Induráin of the Banesto team.[1] Second and third respectively were the Latvian Piotr Ugrumov and the Italian rider, Marco Pantani.
Route of the 1994 Tour de France | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | 2–24 July 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stages | 21 + Prologue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distance | 3,978 km (2,472 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Winning time | 103h 38' 38" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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← 1993 1995 → | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Miguel Induráin first captured the lead after the stage 9 individual time trial. Chris Boardman was the first rider to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after winning the opening prologue. Boardman lost the lead to Johan Museeuw after Museeuw's GB–MG Maglificio team won the stage three team time trial. Flavio Vanzella took the lead away from Museeuw the next day as the Tour made its way into Great Britain. Vanzella lost the lead to Sean Yates after the race's sixth stage. Yates led the race for a single day before losing it to Museeuw after the conclusion of stage 7. Museeuw lost the lead to Indurain after the stage 9 individual time trial, who then successfully defended the lead through the Alps and Pyrenees and to the Tour's finish in Paris.
Indurain became the third rider to win four consecutive Tours de France. In the race's other classifications, Team Polti–Vaporetto rider Djamolidine Abdoujaparov won the points classification, Richard Virenque of the Festina–Lotus team won the mountains classification, Carrera Jeans–Tassoni rider Marco Pantani won the youth classification for the best rider aged 26 or under in the general classification after having finished third overall, and Eros Poli of the Mercatone Uno–Medeghini team won the combativity classification. Festina–Lotus won the team classification, which ranked each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time.
Teams edit
A total of 21 teams were invited to participate in the 1994 Tour de France. Fifteen teams were announced in May, based on their UCI ranking:[2] Although the organisation had planned to give five additional wildcards in June, after the 1994 Giro d'Italia, it was decided to invite one extra team, and six wildcards were given.[3] The Jolly Componibili–Cage team of Zenon Jaskuła, who had finished in third place in the 1993 Tour de France, was not selected.[3] Each team sent a squad of nine riders, so the Tour began with a peloton of 189 cyclists;[4] of these, a total of 117 riders made it to the finish in Paris.[5]
The teams entering the race were:[4]
Qualified teams
Invited teams
Route and stages edit
The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a short 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue that navigated around the French city of Lille. There were a total of six stages that held many high mountains, while there was only one hilly stage that contained climbs of lesser degree. Eleven of the stages were primarily flat stages. The official route contained four time trials, three of which were individual and one of which was a team event.[6]
There were two stages that began or ended outside France. Stage 4 began in the English port town of Dover and ended in Brighton. The fifth stage began and ended in the British city of Portsmouth. This was only the second time the tour has visited England, and to mark the opening of the Channel Tunnel.[7]
Of the stages that contained mountains, four contained summit finishes: stage 11 to Hautacam, stage 12 to Luz Ardiden, stage 16 to Alpe d'Huez, and stage 17 to Val Thorens. The nineteenth stage, an individual time trial, had a summit finish to Avoriaz. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,275 m (7,464 ft) at the summit of the Val Thorens climb on stage 17.[8][9]
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 2 July | Lille | 7.2 km (4.5 mi) | Individual time trial | Chris Boardman (GBR) | |
| 1 | 3 July | Lille to Armentières | 234.0 km (145.4 mi) | Plain stage | Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB) | |
| 2 | 4 July | Roubaix to Boulogne-sur-Mer | 203.5 km (126.4 mi) | Plain stage | Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED) | |
| 3 | 5 July | Calais to Eurotunnel | 66.5 km (41.3 mi) | Team time trial | GB–MG Maglificio | |
| 4 | 6 July | Dover (United Kingdom) to Brighton (United Kingdom) | 204.5 km (127.1 mi) | Plain stage | Francisco Cabello (ESP) | |
| 5 | 7 July | Portsmouth (United Kingdom) | 187.0 km (116.2 mi) | Plain stage | Nicola Minali (ITA) | |
| 6 | 8 July | Cherbourg-en-Cotentin to Rennes | 270.5 km (168.1 mi) | Plain stage | Gianluca Bortolami (ITA) | |
| 7 | 9 July | Rennes to Futuroscope | 259.5 km (161.2 mi) | Plain stage | Ján Svorada (SVK) | |
| 8 | 10 July | Poitiers to Trélissac | 218.5 km (135.8 mi) | Plain stage | Bo Hamburger (DEN) | |
| 9 | 11 July | Périgueux to Bergerac | 64.0 km (39.8 mi) | Individual time trial | Miguel Induráin (ESP) | |
| 10 | 12 July | Bergerac to Cahors | 160.5 km (99.7 mi) | Plain stage | Jacky Durand (FRA) | |
| 11 | 13 July | Cahors to Hautacam | 263.5 km (163.7 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | |
| 14 July | Lourdes | Rest day | ||||
| 12 | 15 July | Lourdes to Luz Ardiden | 204.5 km (127.1 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Richard Virenque (FRA) | |
| 13 | 16 July | Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Albi | 223.0 km (138.6 mi) | Plain stage | Bjarne Riis (DEN) | |
| 14 | 17 July | Castres to Montpellier | 202.0 km (125.5 mi) | Plain stage | Rolf Sørensen (DEN) | |
| 15 | 18 July | Montpellier to Carpentras | 231.0 km (143.5 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Eros Poli (ITA) | |
| 16 | 19 July | Valréas to Alpe d'Huez | 224.5 km (139.5 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Roberto Conti (ITA) | |
| 17 | 20 July | Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Val Thorens | 149.0 km (92.6 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Nelson Rodríguez (COL) | |
| 18 | 21 July | Moutiers to Cluses | 174.5 km (108.4 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) | |
| 19 | 22 July | Cluses to Avoriaz | 47.5 km (29.5 mi) | Mountain time trial | Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) | |
| 20 | 23 July | Morzine to Lac Saint-Point | 208.5 km (129.6 mi) | Hilly stage | Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB) | |
| 21 | 24 July | Disneyland Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | 175.0 km (108.7 mi) | Plain stage | Eddy Seigneur (FRA) | |
| Total | 3,978 km (2,472 mi)[12] | |||||
Race overview edit
The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a brief 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue around the city of Lille.[13] Englishman Chris Boardman set a blistering pace on the course en route to winning the stage by fifteen seconds over the second-place finisher Miguel Induráin.[13] Stage 1 was a relatively flat stage that came down to a bunch sprint that was marred by a large crash.[13] As the riders were sprinting to the finish line, a policeman leaned out to take a photograph causing Wilfried Nelissen to slam on his brakes and crash into the policeman while also taking out Laurent Jalabert in the process.[13] Djamolidine Abdoujaparov ultimately won the stage while Jalabert and Nelissen were forced to drop out of the race due to the injuries they had sustained.[13]
The Yellow Jersey switched riders multiple times through the first eight stages but in the Stage 9 individual time trial Indurain absolutely obliterated the entire field with only eight riders able to keep him within 6:00, and of those riders only Tony Rominger was able to keep Indurain within four minutes. Amazingly a young Lance Armstrong was able to hold onto a top 10 placing through Stage 10, but other than Rominger no one was in a position to threaten Indurain's lead.
As the race entered the Pyrenees in stages 11 and 12 Indurain built on his lead over Rominger who abandoned the Tour in Stage 13. As the race climbed Mont Ventoux and crossed the Alps Marco Pantani and Piotr Ugrumov began to climb through the top 10 as Richard Virenque held onto 2nd place, but Indurain's lead was secure with Virenque more than 7:00 behind.
In the final time trial in Stage 19 Ugrumov won the stage with Pantani coming in second both riders gaining considerable time on Indurain, but by the end of the day it was too little too late for both riders as Indurain's 4th consecutive Tour de France victory was all but secure as he held a commanding lead of 5:39 over the now 2nd place Ugrumov.[13]
Classification leadership and minor prizes edit
There were several classifications in the 1994 Tour de France.[14] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[15]
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[16]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[17]
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[18]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[19]
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.[20] Eros Poli won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.[6] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 12. This prize was won by Richard Virenque.[21][22]
- In stage 1, Miguel Induráin wore the green jersey.
Final standings edit
| Legend | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Denotes the winner of the general classification[1] | Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[1] | ||
| Denotes the winner of the points classification[1] | |||
General classification edit
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Miguel Induráin (ESP) | Banesto | 103h 38' 38" |
| 2 | Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) | Gewiss–Ballan | + 5' 39" |
| 3 | Marco Pantani (ITA) | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | + 7' 19" |
| 4 | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | + 10' 03" |
| 5 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | + 10' 10" |
| 6 | Roberto Conti (ITA) | Lampre–Panaria | + 12' 29" |
| 7 | Alberto Elli (ITA) | GB–MG Maglificio | + 20' 17" |
| 8 | Alex Zülle (SUI) | ONCE | + 20' 35" |
| 9 | Udo Bölts (GER) | Team Telekom | + 25' 19" |
| 10 | Vladimir Poulnikov (UKR) | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | + 25' 28" |
Points classification edit
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB) | Team Polti–Vaporetto | 322 |
| 2 | Silvio Martinello (ITA) | Mercatone Uno–Medeghini | 273 |
| 3 | Ján Svorada (SVK) | Lampre–Panaria | 230 |
| 4 | Gianluca Bortolami (ITA) | Mapei–CLAS | 188 |
| 5 | Miguel Induráin (ESP) | Banesto | 132 |
| 6 | Olaf Ludwig (GER) | Team Telekom | 122 |
| 7 | Johan Museeuw (BEL) | GB–MG Maglificio | 118 |
| 8 | François Simon (FRA) | Castorama | 105 |
| 9 | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | 103 |
| 10 | Ángel Edo (ESP) | Kelme–Avianca–Gios | 102 |
Mountains classification edit
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | 392 |
| 2 | Marco Pantani (ITA) | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | 243 |
| 3 | Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) | Gewiss–Ballan | 219 |
| 4 | Miguel Induráin (ESP) | Banesto | 215 |
| 5 | Peter De Clercq (BEL) | Lotto | 192 |
| 6 | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | 176 |
| 7 | Oscar Pelliccioli (ITA) | Team Polti–Vaporetto | 151 |
| 8 | Roberto Conti (ITA) | Lampre–Panaria | 147 |
| 9 | Nelson Rodríguez (COL) | ZG Mobili | 142 |
| 10 | Udo Bölts (GER) | Team Telekom | 119 |
Young rider classification edit
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marco Pantani (ITA) | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | 103h 45' 57" |
| 2 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | + 2' 51" |
| 3 | Bo Hamburger (DEN) | TVM–Bison Kit | + 36' 25" |
| 4 | Beat Zberg (SUI) | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | + 49' 17" |
| 5 | Abraham Olano (ESP) | Mapei–CLAS | + 54' 10" |
| 6 | Laurent Dufaux (SUI) | ONCE | + 1h 02' 11" |
| 7 | Eddy Seigneur (FRA) | GAN | + 1h 39' 56" |
| 8 | Andrea Peron (ITA) | Team Polti–Vaporetto | + 1h 46' 28" |
| 9 | Vladislav Bobrik (RUS) | Gewiss–Ballan | + 1h 47' 53" |
| 10 | Vicente Aparicio (ESP) | Banesto | + 1h 52' 15" |
Team classification edit
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Festina–Lotus | 311h 28' 53" |
| 2 | Gewiss–Ballan | + 42' 57" |
| 3 | Mapei–CLAS | + 44' 38" |
| 4 | Banesto | + 48' 25" |
| 5 | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | + 50' 55" |
| 6 | GB–MG Maglificio | + 1h 06' 06" |
| 7 | ONCE | + 1h 20' 47" |
| 8 | Team Telekom | + 1h 51' 04" |
| 9 | Kelme–Avianca–Gios | + 1h 55' 47" |
| 10 | Castorama | + 2h 14' 58" |
Combativity classification edit
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eros Poli (ITA) | Mercatone Uno–Medeghini | 34 |
| 2 | Marco Pantani (ITA) | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni | 32 |
| 3 | Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) | Gewiss–Ballan | 21 |
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d "Le Tour" [The Tour] (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 25 July 1994. p. 12. (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2016.
- ^ "Ploeg Priem nog niet zeker van de Tour". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). ANP. 18 May 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
- ^ a b "Tourdirecteur Leblanc geeft ploeg Jaskula rood licht". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 15 June 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g "81ème Tour de France 1994" [81st Tour de France 1994]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ a b c Augendre 2016, p. 85.
- ^ Lewis, Phil (2 July 2014). "Archive: the Tour de France in Britain". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 181.
- ^ "Bergetappes" [Mountain stages]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 2 July 1994. p. 31 – via Delpher.
- ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ . Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 110.
- ^ a b c d e f Bill and Carol McGann. "1994 Tour de France". Bike Race Info. Dog Ear Publishing. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
- ^ a b Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
- ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
- ^ "Drijzengeld Tour '94" [Tour money '94]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 29 June 1994. p. 26 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Van km tot km" [From km to km]. Trouw (in Dutch). 16 July 1994. p. 13 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Tour de France 1994 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1994" [Information about the Tour de France from 1994]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – Stage 21 Disneyland-Paris > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d Deblander, Bruno (25 July 1994). "Miguel Indurain va desormais au Tour par quatre chemins un tour sans peril, ce n'est pas la gloire Ugrumov n'a pas de regret" (in French). Le soir. pp. 19–23. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
Bibliography edit
- Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. Vol. 2. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-608-4.
- Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
- van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-79398-080-9.
External links edit
Media related to Tour de France 1994 at Wikimedia Commons